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Banerjee RK, Sahu M. Granulicatella adiacens Bacterial Infection After Pancreatectomy Whipple's Procedure. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38995876 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2024.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Granulicatella adiacens inhabits the oral cavity, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts and is a typical commensal of human mucosal surfaces. It rarely causes disease. Identification of these gram-positive cocci can be challenging. Case Report: In a 58-year-old male in an oncology center, we report the first occurrence of bacterial infection caused by G. adiacens. After a precise diagnosis of the infection, the patient received effective treatment. Conclusion: Owing to a lack of sufficient diagnostic tools, G. adiacens may be a more notable pathogen than has been previously identified. Sensitivity testing standards are desperately needed.
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2
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Tennert C, Reinmuth AC, Bremer K, Al-Ahmad A, Karygianni L, Hellwig E, Vach K, Ratka-Krüger P, Wittmer A, Woelber JP. An oral health optimized diet reduces the load of potential cariogenic and periodontal bacterial species in the supragingival oral plaque: A randomized controlled pilot study. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1056. [PMID: 32419378 PMCID: PMC7424251 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of an oral health optimized diet on the composition of the supragingival oral plaque in a randomized controlled trial. Participants of the standard diet group (n = 5) had a diet high in processed carbohydrates and did not change their dietary behavior during the observation. The healthy diet group (n = 9) had to change the diet after 2 weeks from a diet high in processed carbohydrates to a diet low in carbohydrates, rich in omega‐3 fatty acids, rich in vitamins C and D, antioxidants and fiber for 4 weeks. Saliva and supragingival plaque samples were taken at the end of week two and eight of the observation period to investigate the composition of microbiota in saliva and supragingival plaque. Data were subjected to an exploratory analysis to identify significant differences. Statistically significant differences were only found in the healthy diet group between the baseline (week 2) and the final sample (week 8) for specific species in plaque and saliva samples. A reduction of the total counts of Streptococcus mitis group, Granulicatella adiacens, Actinomyces spp., and Fusobacterium spp. was found in plaque samples of the healthy diet group. In saliva samples of the healthy diet group, the total counts of Actinomyces spp. and Capnocytophaga spp. decreased. A diet low in carbohydrates, rich in omega‐3 fatty acids, rich in vitamins C and D, and rich in fiber reduced Streptococcus mitis group, Granulicatella adiacens, Actinomyces spp., and Fusobacterium spp. in the supragingival plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Reinmuth
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Katharina Bremer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Department of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Petra Ratka-Krüger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Altay M, Akay H, Yildiz E, Duranay M. A Novel Agent of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis:Granulicatella Adiacens. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080802800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Altay
- Department of Nephrology and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey
| | - H. Akay
- Department of Nephrology and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology Ankara Education and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Duranay
- Department of Nephrology and Research Hospital Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Sasaki M, Shimoyama Y, Ishikawa T, Kodama Y, Tajika S, Kimura S. Contribution of different adherent properties of Granulicatella adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva to their associations with oral colonization and the risk of infective endocarditis. J Oral Sci 2019; 62:36-39. [PMID: 31708553 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens (G. adiacens) and Abiotrophia defectiva (A. defectiva) colonize the oral cavity and form part of the normal flora in the intestinal and genitourinary tracts. As reported previously, the frequency of isolation of G. adiacens from the oral cavity was much higher than that of A. defectiva. However, it has been reported that compared with G. adiacens, A. defectiva was isolated at considerably higher frequencies from the blood of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Hence, in this study, the in vitro interaction of G. adiacens and A. defectiva strains with host surfaces and biofilm formation was examined to assess whether their different adhesive properties contribute to their associations with oral colonization and IE, respectively. G. adiacens exhibited an increased binding ability to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads than A. defectiva following the addition of CaCl2. Furthermore, biofilm formation was observed only for G. adiacens with the use of a polystyrene tube and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Conversely, A. defectiva displayed significantly greater adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and immobilized fibronectin than G. adiacens. These findings suggest that differences in binding properties to host components imply specific binding mechanisms in G. adiacens and A. defectiva, which might mediate selective colonization in the oral cavity or are associated with the pathogenicity of endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Yu Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Yoshitoyo Kodama
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shihoko Tajika
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shigenobu Kimura
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University
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5
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Patil SM, Arora N, Nilsson P, Yasar SJ, Dandachi D, Salzer WL. Native Valve Infective Endocarditis with Osteomyelitis and Brain Abscess Caused by Granulicatella adiacens with Literature Review. Case Rep Infect Dis 2019; 2019:4962392. [PMID: 31467742 PMCID: PMC6701334 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4962392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens is a type of NVS (nutritionally variant streptococci) rarely causing infective endocarditis (IE). NVS are fastidious and unable to sustain growth on routine culture media due to lack of specific nutrients. Endocarditis caused by NVS due to their virulence is associated with higher treatment failures and mortality rates. New antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are indicative of a significant rise in penicillin resistance and susceptibility differences between NVS subspecies. Initial empirical therapy is essential as a delay in using the appropriate agent leads to poor results. We present a case of an immunocompetent young female with recent intravenous drug abuse resulting in native mitral valve endocarditis with ruptured chordae tendineae and septic embolization, causing brain abscess and lumbar spine osteomyelitis. She was transferred to a tertiary center where she underwent mitral valve replacement successfully and treated with six weeks of intravenous vancomycin and ertapenem. To our knowledge, ours is the first case report of G. adiacens endocarditis in an adult with brain abscess and osteomyelitis with an excellent response to antibiotic therapy. Based on our case report, literature review, and new antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, updates to treatment guidelines are suggested to improve the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin M. Patil
- Infectious Disease Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Niraj Arora
- Neurology Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - S. J. Yasar
- Cardiology Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dima Dandachi
- Infectious Disease Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - W. L. Salzer
- Infectious Disease Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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6
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Kanamoto T, Terakubo S, Nakashima H. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Oral Isolates of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella According to the Consensus Guidelines for Fastidious Bacteria. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E129. [PMID: 30514000 PMCID: PMC6313718 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The genera Abiotrophia and Granulicatella, previously known as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are fastidious bacteria requiring vitamin B₆ analogs for growth. They are members of human normal oral microbiota, and are supposed to be one of the important pathogens for so-called "culture-negative" endocarditis. Methods: The type strains and oral isolates identified, by using both phenotypic profiles and the DNA⁻DNA hybridization method, were examined for susceptibilities to 15 antimicrobial agents including penicillin (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and piperacillin), cephem (cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefaclor), carbapenem (imipenem), aminoglycoside (gentamicin), macrolide (erythromycin), quinolone (ciprofloxacin), tetracycline (minocycline), glycopeptide (vancomycin), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole complex. The minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility criterion were determined, according to the consensus guideline from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Isolates of Abiotrophia defectiva were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin ceftriaxone, cefaclor, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin. Isolates of Granulicatella adiacens were mostly susceptible to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, minocycline, and vancomycin. The susceptibility profile of Granulicatella elegans was similar to that of G. adiacens, and the susceptibility rate was higher than that of G. adiacens. Conclusions: Although Abiotrophia and Granulicatella strains are hardly distinguishable by their phenotypic characteristics, their susceptibility profiles to the antimicrobial agents were different among the species. Species-related differences in susceptibility of antibiotics should be considered in the clinical treatment for NVS related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Kanamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shigemi Terakubo
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
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7
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Mvelase NR, Marajh K, Hattingh O, Mlisana KP. An unusual case of thoracic empyema caused by Granulicatella elegans (nutritionally variant streptococci) in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005058. [PMID: 28348783 PMCID: PMC5343141 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are an infrequent cause of human infection with Granulicatella elegans being the least encountered species in clinical specimens. The most common infection caused by NVS is infective endocarditis. CASE PRESENTATION We report an unusual case of thoracic empyema due to G. elegans in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus infection. The patient responded favourably to drainage and penicillin. CONCLUSION This case illustrates that even though TB is responsible for the majority of pleural effusions in this setting, other rare opportunistic bacteria may cause infection in susceptible patients. Therefore, microbiological investigations should be performed in all patients presenting with pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomonde R. Mvelase
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Kwazulu-Natal, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kanitha Marajh
- National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olga Hattingh
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Koleka P. Mlisana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Kwazulu-Natal, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Patri S, Agrawal Y. Granulicatella elegans endocarditis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2015-213987. [PMID: 26921367 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-213987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 63-year-old man with a history of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy presented with acute worsening of heart failure and septic shock. Echocardiogram revealed a large aortic valve vegetation with new onset severe aortic incompetence. Blood cultures grew Granulicatella elegans, for which antimicrobial sensitivities could not be carried out in our lab. Despite antibiotic therapy and aggressive care, the patient's clinical condition worsened and he died. G. elegans, previously grouped under nutrient variant streptococci (NVS), is an extremely rare cause for bacterial infective endocarditis (IE). Unlike with the Viridans group, IE caused by NVS has a very poor outcome and higher mortality rate. The difficulty in isolation of the bacteria in culture, inability to reliably measure antibiotic susceptibility in vitro, frequent treatment failure and complications such as multivalvular involvement, make this an extremely challenging infection to treat. Early detection of the organism, appropriate antibiotics and early surgical management when indicated, are key to management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Patri
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Yashwant Agrawal
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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9
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Abstract
The oral bacterial microbiome encompasses approximately 700 commonly occurring phylotypes, approximately half of which can be present at any time in any individual. These bacteria are largely indigenous to the oral cavity; this limited habitat range suggests that interactions between the various phylotypes, and between the phylotypes and their environment, are crucial for their existence. Molecular cataloging has confirmed many basic observations on the composition of the oral microbiome that were formulated well before ribosomal RNA-based systematics, but the power and the scope of molecular taxonomy have resulted in the discovery of new phylotypes and, more importantly, have made possible a level of bacterial community analysis that was unachievable with classical methods. Bacterial community structure varies with location within the mouth, and changes in community structure are related to disease initiation and disease progression. Factors that influence the formation and the evolution of communities include selective adherence to epithelial or tooth surfaces, specific cell-to-cell binding as a driver of early community composition, and interorganismal interaction leading to alteration of the local environment, which represents the first step on the road to oral disease. A comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact to drive changes in the composition of the oral microbial community can lead to new strategies for the inhibition of periodontal diseases and dental caries.
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10
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Karched M, Bhardwaj RG, Asikainen SE. Coaggregation and biofilm growth of Granulicatella spp. with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:114. [PMID: 26025449 PMCID: PMC4448563 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of fastidious Granulicatella and Aggregatibacter genera belong to normal oral flora bacteria that can cause serious infections, such as infective endocarditis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has long been implicated in aggressive periodontitis, whereas DNA-based methods only recently showed an association between Granulicatella spp. and dental diseases. As bacterial coaggregation is a key phenomenon in the development of oral and nonoral multispecies bacterial communities it would be of interest knowing coaggregation pattern of Granulicatella species with A. actinomycetemcomitans in comparison with the multipotent coaggregator Fusobacterium nucleatum. The aim was to investigate coaggregation and biofilm formation of Granulicatella elegans and Granulicatella adiacens with A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum strains. RESULTS F. nucleatum exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher autoaggregation than all other test species, followed by A. actinomycetemcomitans SA269 and G. elegans. A. actinomycetemcomitans CU1060 and G. adiacens did not autoaggregate. G. elegans with F. nucleatum exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher coaggregation than most others, but failed to grow as biofilm together or separately. With F. nucleatum as partner, A. actinomycetemcomitans strains SA269, a rough-colony wild-type strain, and CU1060, a spontaneous smooth-colony laboratory variant, and G. adiacens were the next in coaggregation efficiency. These dual species combinations also were able to grow as biofilms. While both G. elegans and G. adiacens coaggregated with A. actinomycetemcomitans strain SA269, but not with CU1060, they grew as biofilms with both A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. CONCLUSIONS G. elegans failed to form biofilm with F. nucleatum despite the strongest coaggregation with it. The ability of Granulicatella spp. to coaggregate and/or form biofilms with F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans strains suggests that Granulicatella spp. have the potential to integrate into dental plaque biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribasappa Karched
- General Facility Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Radhika G Bhardwaj
- General Facility Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Sirkka E Asikainen
- General Facility Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
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Cargill JS, Scott KS, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Sandoe JAT. Granulicatella infection: diagnosis and management. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:755-761. [PMID: 22442291 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.039693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella species, along with the genus Abiotrophia, were originally known as 'nutritionally variant streptococci'. They are a normal component of the oral flora, but have been associated with a variety of invasive infections in man and are most noted as a cause of bacterial endocarditis. It is often advised that Granulicatella endocarditis should be treated in the same way as enterococcal endocarditis. We review here the published data concerning diagnosis and treatment of Granulicatella infection, and include some observations from local cases, including four cases of endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Cargill
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Katharine S Scott
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Deborah Gascoyne-Binzi
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Jonathan A T Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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12
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Infections of the Central Nervous System Due to Nutritionally Variant Streptococci. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3182354a91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Gardenier JC, Hranjec T, Sawyer RG, Bonatti H. Granulicatella adiacens bacteremia in an elderly trauma patient. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011; 12:251-3. [PMID: 21524203 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2010.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulicatella adiacens is a normal commensal of human mucosal surfaces, inhabiting the oral cavity and urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts and only rarely causing disease. These gram-positive cocci can be difficult to identify. CASE REPORT We report a first case of bacteremia caused by Granulicatella adiacens in an elderly female trauma victim. The infection was diagnosed accurately, and the patient was treated successfully. CONCLUSION Granulicatella adiacens may be a more important pathogen than thus far recognized because of a lack of adequate diagnostic resources. Standards for sensitivity testing are needed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Gardenier
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0709, USA
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14
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Gene cloning and characterization of Streptococcus intermedius fimbriae involved in saliva-mediated aggregation. Res Microbiol 2009; 160:809-16. [PMID: 19819330 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius, an oral commensal and a cause of systemic pyogenic disease, expresses fimbriae. To identify the gene(s) encoding these fimbriae, we used a serum raised against purified fimbriae to screen libaries of recombinant lambda phages. The cloned gene cluster encoding S. intermedius fimbriae, (saliva-mediated aggregation and adherence-associated fimbriae), contained 4 ORFs, i.e. a putative ribonulease (Saf1), a putative adhesin (Saf2), the main pilus subunit (Saf3) and a sortase C (SrtC). Escherichia coli strains harboring recombinant phages and plasmids carrying the saf3 gene produced a 55kDa protein recognized by the antifimbriae serum. Saf3 contains an N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal cell-wall-anchoring motif LPXTG. Among strains of the Streptococcus anginosus group, only serotype g and untypable strains were found to contain the saf3 gene, to possess the fimbrial antigen and to exhibit saliva-mediated aggregation. Knockout mutants made by insertion of an erythromycin resistance gene into saf3 did not produce fimbrial structures or fimbrial antigens and did not participate in saliva-mediated aggregation. The adherent activity of mutants toward plastic wells coated with salivary agglutinin was about 65% that of the parental strain, and the reaction depended on calcium. There was no significant difference in adherence to hydroxyapatite beads pretreated with salivary agglutinin between the parental and mutant strains. These results demonstrated that Saf3 is associated with aggregation, and suggested that other molecule(s) are associated with adherence of S. intermedius.
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15
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Abdul-Redha RJ, Prag J, Sonksen UW, Kemp M, Andresen K, Christensen JJ. Granulicatella elegans bacteraemia in patients with abdominal infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 39:830-3. [PMID: 17701726 DOI: 10.1080/00365540701299624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections with Granulicatella (previous Abiotrophia) elegans are rare. A few reported cases were associated with infective endocarditis. Three cases of bacteraemia with G. elegans in patients who were operated for acute abdominal diseases are described. Abdominal foci should be considered when G. elegans is recovered from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Jalil Abdul-Redha
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Kanamoto T, Sato S, Nakashima H, Inoue M. Proliferation of mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is inhibited by extracellular arginine deiminase of Granulicatella elegans isolated from the human mouth. J Infect Chemother 2007; 13:353-5. [PMID: 17982728 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-007-0546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Granulicatella elegans is a member of normal human oral flora and is thought to be a potent pathogen in endocarditis, especially so-called "culture-negative" endocarditis. To elucidate the pathogenicity of this microorganism in inflammatory diseases, the effect of the extracellular products of this bacteria on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined. Culture supernatants produced by oral isolates of G. elegans strongly inhibited the proliferation of PBMC stimulated by the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin-P, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, concanavalin A, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Purification of the active extracellular product revealed that a fraction containing proteins of approximately 47 kDa showing arginine deiminase activity contributed to the inhibition of PBMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Kanamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Dental School, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Senn L, Entenza JM, Prod'hom G. Adherence of Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella species to fibronectin: is there a link with endovascular infections? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:215-7. [PMID: 17064277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During a 6-year period, we isolated three Abiotrophia defectiva, six Granulicatella adiacens and two G. 'para-adiacens' strains from clinical specimens. All A. defectiva strains were isolated from immunocompetent patients with endovascular infections, whereas the Granulicatella spp. strains were isolated from immunosuppressed patients with primary bacteremia. As the capacity of bacteria to adhere to the host extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endovascular infection, we investigated the ability of A. defectiva and Granulicatella spp. isolates to bind different ECM components immobilized in microtiter plates. Adherence tests showed a strong attachment of A. defectiva strains to fibronectin, whereas Granulicatella spp. strains were not adherent. The poor adherence of Granulicatella spp. strains to the ECM could be correlated with a lower propensity to induce endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Senn
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Lee OO, Lau SCK, Qian PY. Consistent bacterial community structure associated with the surface of the sponge Mycale adhaerens bowerbank. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2006; 52:693-707. [PMID: 16909349 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-006-9077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial step in the identification of possible association between bacteria and sponges, we investigated if a unique bacterial population community was consistently associated with the surface of the sponge Mycale adhaerens, irrespective of environmental conditions. The composition of bacterial communities associated with the surface of sponges at three geographically distinctive sites in Hong Kong waters over four seasons was examined by analyzing terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Statistical analysis indicated that bacterial communities on inanimate reference surfaces (polystyrene dishes deployed in the close vicinity of the sponge colonies for 7 days) had a relatively high degree of both site and seasonal specificities (R statistics of pairwise comparisons approximately 1), which might be attributed to the differences in environmental conditions at different sites and seasons. On the contrary, the sponge-surface-associated bacterial communities from different sites and seasons were hardly distinguishable from each other (lowest R = -0.16) but were rather distinctive from the reference bacterial communities (R approximately 1), suggesting a highly stable and distinctive bacteria-sponge association irrespective of the environmental conditions. The occurrence of some unique bacterial types in the sponge-surface-associated communities over space and time suggests that the associations are consistent and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- On On Lee
- Department of Biology/Coastal Marine Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Senn L, Entenza JM, Greub G, Jaton K, Wenger A, Bille J, Calandra T, Prod'hom G. Bloodstream and endovascular infections due to Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella species. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:9. [PMID: 16426445 PMCID: PMC1360077 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species, previously referred to as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are significant causative agents of endocarditis and bacteraemia. In this study, we reviewed the clinical manifestations of infections due to A. defectiva and Granulicatella species that occurred at our institution between 1998 and 2004. METHODS The analysis included all strains of NVS that were isolated from blood cultures or vascular graft specimens. All strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Patients' medical charts were reviewed for each case of infection. RESULTS Eleven strains of NVS were isolated during the 6-year period. Identification of the strains by 16S rRNA showed 2 genogroups: Abiotrophia defectiva (3) and Granulicatella adiacens (6) or "para-adiacens" (2). The three A. defectiva strains were isolated from immunocompetent patients with endovascular infections, whereas 7 of 8 Granulicatella spp. strains were isolated from immunosuppressed patients, mainly febrile neutropenic patients. We report the first case of "G. para-adiacens" bacteraemia in the setting of febrile neutropenia. CONCLUSION We propose that Granulicatella spp. be considered as a possible agent of bacteraemia in neutropenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Senn
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José M Entenza
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Katia Jaton
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Bille
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Calandra
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy Prod'hom
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital, Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
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20
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Jeng A, Chen J, Katsivas T. Prosthetic valve endocarditis from Granulicatella adiacens (nutritionally variant streptococci). J Infect 2005; 51:e125-9. [PMID: 16230190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are an unusual but significant cause of endocarditis, with increased morbidity and mortality compared to those caused by enterococci or viridans streptococci. For many reasons, NVS endocarditis has remained very difficult to treat medically with antibiotics, and when the bacteria infect prosthetic valves, surgical intervention has historically been required to effect cure. We report the first case of Granulicatella adiacens prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in a patient with congenital heart disease who was successfully treated with a regimen of vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin and provide the first review of the literature on NVS PVE, as well as discussion of logistics behind the use of this antibiotic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Jeng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 14445 Olive View Dr, Rm2B182, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA.
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21
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Ohara-Nemoto Y, Kishi K, Satho M, Tajika S, Sasaki M, Namioka A, Kimura S. Infective endocarditis caused by Granulicatella elegans originating in the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1405-7. [PMID: 15750118 PMCID: PMC1081294 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.3.1405-1407.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the pheno- and genotypes of an oral Granulicatella elegans strain in comparison with those of a blood-derived isolate which caused infective endocarditis. The two isolates exhibited identical biochemical characteristics and had the same drug MICs. Their genotypes were indistinguishable, indicating that these were from the same clone. The transmission of G. elegans from the oral cavity thus should be noted as a possible cause of infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ohara-Nemoto
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, 1-3-27 Chuodori, Morioka 020-8505, Japan.
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22
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Liao CH, Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Chen YC, Huang LM, Chang SC, Ho SW. Nutritionally variant streptococcal infections at a University Hospital in Taiwan: disease emergence and high prevalence of beta-lactam and macrolide resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:452-5. [PMID: 14727223 DOI: 10.1086/381098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
From January 1993 to December 2002, 28 patients with nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) infections were treated at a university hospital in Taiwan. Twelve (43%) of these patients had various underlying malignancies, and 7 (25%) had underlying valvular heart diseases. Nine patients (32%) had infective endocarditis, and 9 (32%) had primary bacteremia. The deaths of 7 patients (25%) were directly related to NVS infection. Among the 28 isolates recovered from these patients, 50% were not susceptible to penicillin, 33% were not susceptible to cefotaxime, and 93% were not susceptible to azithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsin Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Christensen JJ, Facklam RR. Granulicatella and Abiotrophia species from human clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2001. [PMID: 11574566 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3520-3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred one isolates of nutritionally variant streptococci from 97 patients were phenotypically characterized and compared with the type strains of Granulicatella adiacens (formerly Abiotrophia adiacens) (ATCC 49175(T)) Abiotrophia defectiva (ATCC 49176(T)), and Granulicatella elegans (formerly Abiotrophia elegans) (DSM 11693(T)). Of the isolates, 55 and 43 resembled G. adiacens and A. defectiva, respectively, while 3 strains resembled G. elegans. Phenotypic characteristics useful in differentiating between species within the genera Granulicatella and Abiotrophia (G. adiacens, G. elegans, Granulicatella balaenopterae, and A. defectiva) were production of alpha- and beta-galactosidase; production of beta-glucuronidase; hippurate hydrolysis; arginine dihydrolase activity; and acid production from trehalose, sucrose, pullulan, and tagatose. From the reports submitted with the specimens, the clinical diagnosis was endocarditis in 58% of patients and septicemia or bacteremia in 26% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Christensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology at Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Christensen JJ, Facklam RR. Granulicatella and Abiotrophia species from human clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3520-3. [PMID: 11574566 PMCID: PMC88382 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3520-3523.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2001] [Accepted: 07/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred one isolates of nutritionally variant streptococci from 97 patients were phenotypically characterized and compared with the type strains of Granulicatella adiacens (formerly Abiotrophia adiacens) (ATCC 49175(T)) Abiotrophia defectiva (ATCC 49176(T)), and Granulicatella elegans (formerly Abiotrophia elegans) (DSM 11693(T)). Of the isolates, 55 and 43 resembled G. adiacens and A. defectiva, respectively, while 3 strains resembled G. elegans. Phenotypic characteristics useful in differentiating between species within the genera Granulicatella and Abiotrophia (G. adiacens, G. elegans, Granulicatella balaenopterae, and A. defectiva) were production of alpha- and beta-galactosidase; production of beta-glucuronidase; hippurate hydrolysis; arginine dihydrolase activity; and acid production from trehalose, sucrose, pullulan, and tagatose. From the reports submitted with the specimens, the clinical diagnosis was endocarditis in 58% of patients and septicemia or bacteremia in 26% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Christensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology at Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Kitada K, Okada Y, Kanamoto T, Inoue M. Serological properties of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species (nutritionally variant streptococci). Microbiol Immunol 2001; 44:981-5. [PMID: 11220686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serological variations were examined among 12 type or reference strains and 91 oral isolates of vitamin B6-dependent Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp. Rabbits were immunized with whole cells of 12 selected strains and 10 typing antisera were obtained, which were unreactive with the Lancefield group A to G antigen preparations. The reactivity of the antisera and autoclaved cell surface antigen extracts was tested by double diffusion in agar gel and a capillary precipitin test. These typing antisera categorized all Abiotrophia defectiva strains, all except one Granulicatella elegans strain, three-quarters of the Granulicatella adiacens, and half of the Granulicatella paraadiacens into 8 serotypes and 2 subserotypes. The Granulicatella balaenopterae type strain was unserotypable. All A. defectiva strains were serotype I, some of which were divided into subserotype I-1 and/or I-5. The G. adiacens strains generally belonged to serotype II or III, and the G. paraadiacens strains to serotype IV, V or VI. All G. adiacens or G. paraadiacens serotype II strains were also subserotype I-5. The G. elegans strains were serotype VII or VIII. These Abiotrophia and Granulicatella serotypes were undetectable among 33 strains of the other 11 species including the bacteriolytic enzyme-producing but vitamin B6-independent strains of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Dolosigranulum and Aerococcus. The proposed serotyping system for Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp. would be helpful in the identification and classification of these unique coccal isolates in ecological and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Dental School, Kagoshima, Japan
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26
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Tuohy MJ, Procop GW, Washington JA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Abiotrophia adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 38:189-91. [PMID: 11109021 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibilities of 27 Abiotrophia adiacens (proposed reclassification Granulicatella adiacens comb.nov., Collins & Lawson, 2000) and 12 Abiotrophia defectiva isolates were tested by microdilution in pyridoxal hydrochloride and lysed horse blood supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth. According to NCCLS interpretative criteria for Streptococcus spp. not Streptococcus pneumoniae, the susceptibilities of A. adiacens and A. defectiva were, respectively: penicillin, 55% and 8%; amoxicillin, 81% and 92%; ceftriaxone, 63% and 83%; meropenem, 96% and 100%; and 100% for both species with clindamycin, rifampin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tuohy
- Section of Clinical Microbiology/L40, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-5140, USA
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27
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Kanamoto T, Sato S, Inoue M. Genetic heterogeneities and phenotypic characteristics of strains of the genus Abiotrophia and proposal of Abiotrophia para-adiacens sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:492-8. [PMID: 10655334 PMCID: PMC86132 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.2.492-498.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Abiotrophia represents a heterogeneous group of fastidious cocci that show a dependence on pyridoxal hydrochloride analogs for growth. The genetic heterogeneity in the genus Abiotrophia was examined by DNA-DNA hybridization, PCR assay of genomic DNA sequences, and restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence homology analyses of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Nine type or reference strains of Abiotrophia defectiva, Abiotrophia adiacens, and Abiotrophia elegans and 36 oral Abiotrophia isolates including the ones presumptively identified as Gemella morbillorum by the rapid ID32 STREP system were divided into four groups: A. defectiva (genotype 1), A. adiacens (genotype 2), A. elegans (genotype 4), and a fourth species (genotype 3) which we propose be named Abiotrophia para-adiacens sp. nov. A PCR assay specific for detection and identification of the novel Abiotrophia species was developed. A. para-adiacens generally produced beta-glucosidase but did not produce alpha- or beta-galactosidase or arginine dihydrolase, did not ferment, trehalose, pullulan, or tagatose, and was serotype IV, V, or VI. Thus, it was distinguished phenotypically from A. adiacens, A. elegans, and A. defectiva as well as, apparently, from the recently described species Abiotrophia balaenopterae sp. nov., which produces arginine dihydrolase and which ferments pullulan but not sucrose (P. A. Lawson et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:503-506, 1999). Strain ATCC 27527, currently listed as G. morbillorum, was a member of the species A. para-adiacens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Dental School, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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