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Lovatt J, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Hussey T, Garside M, McGill F, Selinger CP. Screening for TB in Hospitalised Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease before Anti-TNF Therapy: Is QuantiFERON ® Gold Testing Useful? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091816. [PMID: 33919426 PMCID: PMC8122329 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background—Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patients should be tested for latent tuberculosis infection using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA/QF) prior to anti-TNFα therapy. Indeterminate QF results can delay anti-TNFα therapy. We sought to investigate factors associated with indeterminate QF results. Method—Retrospective study of all IGRA tests requested for gastroenterology patients in 2017. We compared inpatients and outpatients and investigated factors potentially associated with QF usefulness (steroid exposure, C-reactive protein (CRP), hypoalbuminaemia, thrombophilia). Results—We included 286 outpatients and 74 inpatients with IBD. Significantly more inpatients had an indeterminate IGRA (52.7% vs. 3.14% in outpatients; p < 0.0001). Laboratory parameters reflecting inflammation (high CRP, low albumin, low haemoglobin and high platelets) were also associated with an indeterminate QF (p < 0.0001). Exposure to steroids was more common in patients with an indeterminate QF (p < 0.0001). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed inpatient status and steroid exposure to be independently predictive of an indeterminate QF (p < 0.0001). Conclusion—There is a high chance of indeterminate QF results in inpatients. QF testing should ideally be performed in the outpatient setting at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lovatt
- Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (J.L.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Thomas Hussey
- Anaesthetics, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK;
| | - Maya Garside
- Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (J.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Fiona McGill
- Infectious Diseases, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK;
- Medical Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Christian P. Selinger
- Gastroenterology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (J.L.); (M.G.)
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-206-8768
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O'Halloran C, Tørnqvist-Johnsen C, Woods G, Mitchell J, Reed N, Burr P, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Wegg M, Beardall S, Hope J, Gunn-Moore D. Feline tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection of domestic UK cats associated with feeding a commercial raw food diet. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2308-2320. [PMID: 33091235 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium (M.) bovis can infect cats and is a demonstrated zoonosis. We describe an outbreak of M. bovis in pet cats across England and Scotland associated with feeding a commercial raw food diet. Forty-seven cats presented with (pyo)granulomatous lesions, lymphadenopathy, pulmonary and/or alimentary disease over a one-year period where M. bovis infection was suspected or definitively diagnosed, and the cats all consumed the same specific brand of commercial raw venison pet food. Infection with M. bovis genotype 10:a was confirmed by culture and DNA typing of isolates in a small number of cases (n = 5); PCR was used in combination with or as an alternative to culture (n = 12) and/or infection with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group organism was strongly suggested by positive responses to an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA; n = 34). Asymptomatic at-risk cats were screened by IGRA, identifying a further 83 infected cats. The five culture-positive cases were distributed across areas of England and Scotland at low risk of endemic bovine tuberculosis. Investigations revealed affected cats were mainly indoor-only, and had been fed the same commercial raw food as at least part of their diet. This diet was recalled by the manufacturer due to failure of statutory meat inspection of the component venison. As far as possible, other sources of infection were explored and excluded, including wildlife contact, access to raw milk and living with people with active M. bovis infection. Four owners and one veterinary surgeon were found to have high likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection. One owner required treatment. Although it was not possible to conclusively demonstrate a zoonotic origin for these infections, neither was it possible to eliminate the possibility. Our results provide compelling evidence that the commercial raw diet of these cats was the likely route of M. bovis infection in this outbreak of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor O'Halloran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Camilla Tørnqvist-Johnsen
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Glynn Woods
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jordan Mitchell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicki Reed
- Veterinary Specialists Scotland, Livingston, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jayne Hope
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danièlle Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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O'Halloran C, Ioannidi O, Reed N, Murtagh K, Dettemering E, Van Poucke S, Gale J, Vickers J, Burr P, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Howe R, Dobromylskyj M, Mitchell J, Hope J, Gunn-Moore D. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in pet cats associated with feeding a commercial raw food diet. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:667-681. [PMID: 31082328 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19848455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect cats and has proven zoonotic risks for owners. Infected cats typically present with a history of outdoor lifestyle and hunting behaviour, and cutaneous granulomas are most commonly observed. The aim of this study is to describe an outbreak of tuberculous disease commencing with six young cats, living exclusively indoors in five different households across England, being presented to separate veterinarians across the UK with a variety of clinical signs. METHODS Investigations into the pyogranulomatous lesions, lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary disease of these cases consistently identified infection with M bovis. Infection was confirmed by PCR, where possible, or was indicated with a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), where material for PCR was unavailable. In-contact, cohabiting cats were screened by IGRA and follow-up testing was undertaken/advised where results were positive. A lifestyle investigation was undertaken to identify the source of infection. RESULTS Six clinically sick cats and seven in-contact cats were identified with evidence of M bovis infection. Five clinical cases were either too sick to treat or deteriorated despite therapy, giving a mortality rate of 83%. Lifestyle investigations revealed the common factors between clusters to be that affected cats had mycobacterial infections speciated to M bovis, were exclusively indoor cats and were fed a commercially available raw food product produced by a single manufacturer. The Food Standards Agency, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Public Health England and the food manufacturer concerned have been notified/informed. Other possible sources of exposure for these cats to M bovis were explored and were excluded, including wildlife contact, access to raw milk, the presence of rodent populations inside the buildings in which the cats lived and exposure to known infectious humans. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Upon investigations, our results provide compelling, if circumstantial, evidence of an association between the commercial raw diet of these cats and their M bovis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor O'Halloran
- 1 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Kevin Murtagh
- 2 Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Burr
- 8 Biobest Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jordan Mitchell
- 1 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jayne Hope
- 1 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danièlle Gunn-Moore
- 1 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Allix-Béguec C, Arandjelovic I, Bi L, Beckert P, Bonnet M, Bradley P, Cabibbe AM, Cancino-Muñoz I, Caulfield MJ, Chaiprasert A, Cirillo DM, Clifton DA, Comas I, Crook DW, De Filippo MR, de Neeling H, Diel R, Drobniewski FA, Faksri K, Farhat MR, Fleming J, Fowler P, Fowler TA, Gao Q, Gardy J, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Gibertoni-Cruz AL, Gil-Brusola A, Golubchik T, Gonzalo X, Grandjean L, He G, Guthrie JL, Hoosdally S, Hunt M, Iqbal Z, Ismail N, Johnston J, Khanzada FM, Khor CC, Kohl TA, Kong C, Lipworth S, Liu Q, Maphalala G, Martinez E, Mathys V, Merker M, Miotto P, Mistry N, Moore DAJ, Murray M, Niemann S, Omar SV, Ong RTH, Peto TEA, Posey JE, Prammananan T, Pym A, Rodrigues C, Rodrigues M, Rodwell T, Rossolini GM, Sánchez Padilla E, Schito M, Shen X, Shendure J, Sintchenko V, Sloutsky A, Smith EG, Snyder M, Soetaert K, Starks AM, Supply P, Suriyapol P, Tahseen S, Tang P, Teo YY, Thuong TNT, Thwaites G, Tortoli E, van Soolingen D, Walker AS, Walker TM, Wilcox M, Wilson DJ, Wyllie D, Yang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhu B. Prediction of Susceptibility to First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs by DNA Sequencing. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1403-1415. [PMID: 30280646 PMCID: PMC6121966 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1800474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends drug-susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for all patients with tuberculosis to guide treatment decisions and improve outcomes. Whether DNA sequencing can be used to accurately predict profiles of susceptibility to first-line antituberculosis drugs has not been clear. METHODS We obtained whole-genome sequences and associated phenotypes of resistance or susceptibility to the first-line antituberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for isolates from 16 countries across six continents. For each isolate, mutations associated with drug resistance and drug susceptibility were identified across nine genes, and individual phenotypes were predicted unless mutations of unknown association were also present. To identify how whole-genome sequencing might direct first-line drug therapy, complete susceptibility profiles were predicted. These profiles were predicted to be susceptible to all four drugs (i.e., pansusceptible) if they were predicted to be susceptible to isoniazid and to the other drugs or if they contained mutations of unknown association in genes that affect susceptibility to the other drugs. We simulated the way in which the negative predictive value changed with the prevalence of drug resistance. RESULTS A total of 10,209 isolates were analyzed. The largest proportion of phenotypes was predicted for rifampin (9660 [95.4%] of 10,130) and the smallest was predicted for ethambutol (8794 [89.8%] of 9794). Resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was correctly predicted with 97.1%, 97.5%, 94.6%, and 91.3% sensitivity, respectively, and susceptibility to these drugs was correctly predicted with 99.0%, 98.8%, 93.6%, and 96.8% specificity. Of the 7516 isolates with complete phenotypic drug-susceptibility profiles, 5865 (78.0%) had complete genotypic predictions, among which 5250 profiles (89.5%) were correctly predicted. Among the 4037 phenotypic profiles that were predicted to be pansusceptible, 3952 (97.9%) were correctly predicted. CONCLUSIONS Genotypic predictions of the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to first-line drugs were found to be correlated with phenotypic susceptibility to these drugs. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).
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Mohee AR, Gascoyne-Binzi D, West R, Bhattarai S, Eardley I, Sandoe JAT. Bacteraemia during Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: What Are the Risk Factors and Is It More Common than We Think? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157864. [PMID: 27391962 PMCID: PMC4938130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the microbial causes, incidence, duration, risk factors and clinical implications of bacteraemia occurring during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) surgery to better inform prophylaxis strategies. An ethically approved, prospective, cohort study of patients undergoing TURP was conducted. Clinical information and follow-up details were collected using standardized data collection sheets. Blood was obtained for culture at 6 different time points peri-procedure. Standard of care antibiotic prophylaxis was given prior to surgery. Bacteriuria was assessed in a pre-procedure urine sample. Histopathology from all prostate chips was assessed for inflammation and malignancy. 73 patients were consented and 276 blood samples obtained. No patients developed symptomatic bacteraemia during the procedure, 17 patients developed asymptomatic bacteraemia (23.2%). Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common organisms cultured. 10 minutes after the start of the TURP, the odds ratio (OR) of developing bacteraemia was 5.38 (CI 0.97-29.87 p = 0.05), and 20 minutes after the start of the procedure, the OR was 6.46 (CI 1.12-37.24, p = 0.03), compared to before the procedure. We also found an association between the development of intra-operative bacteraemia and recent antibiotic use (OR 4.34, CI 1.14-16.62, p = 0.032), the presence of a urinary catheter (OR 4.92, CI 1.13-21.51, p = 0.034) and a malignant histology (OR 4.90, CI 1.30-18.46, p = 0.019). There was no statistical relationship between pre-operative urine culture results and blood culture results. This study shows that asymptomatic bacteraemia is commonly caused by TURP and occurs in spite of antibiotic prophylaxis. Our findings challenge the commonly held view that urine is the primary source of bacteraemia in TURP-associated sepsis and raise the possibility of occult prostatic infection as a cause of bacteraemia. More work will be needed to determine the significance of transient bacteraemia in relation to more serious complications like infective endocarditis and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Raj Mohee
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Gascoyne-Binzi
- Department of Microbiology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robert West
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Bhattarai
- Department of Pathology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Eardley
- Department of Urology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. T. Sandoe
- University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Beckett Street, Leeds, United Kingdom
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6
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Mohee A, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Sandoe J, Eardley I. 1053 BACTEREMIA DURING CATHETER MANIPULATION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Granulicatella species, along with the genus Abiotrophia, were originally known as 'nutritionally variant streptococci'. They are a normal component of the oral flora, but have been associated with a variety of invasive infections in man and are most noted as a cause of bacterial endocarditis. It is often advised that Granulicatella endocarditis should be treated in the same way as enterococcal endocarditis. We review here the published data concerning diagnosis and treatment of Granulicatella infection, and include some observations from local cases, including four cases of endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Cargill
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Katharine S Scott
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Deborah Gascoyne-Binzi
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Jonathan A T Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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8
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Jamil HA, Sandoe JAT, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Chalker VJ, Simms AD, Munsch CM, Baig MW. Late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma hominis, diagnosed using broad-range bacterial PCR. J Med Microbiol 2011; 61:300-301. [PMID: 21997872 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.030635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report what is believed to be the first case of late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma hominis in a case of blood culture-negative endocarditis. The objective of this report is to emphasize the use of a broad-range PCR technique for bacterial 16S rRNA genes in identifying the causative pathogen, thus enabling targeted antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Jamil
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - J A T Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - D Gascoyne-Binzi
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - V J Chalker
- Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - A D Simms
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - C M Munsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - M W Baig
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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9
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Mawer D, Gascoyne-Binzi D, McGann H. Unusual cause of a large ulcer from travelling in South America. J Infect 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Carmen Menéndez M, Buxton RS, Evans JT, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Barlow RE, Hinds J, Hawkey PM, Colston M. Erratum to “Genome analysis shows a common evolutionary origin for the dominant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a UK South Asian community” [Tuberculosis 87 (2007) 426–436]. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Menéndez MC, Buxton RS, Evans JT, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Barlow RE, Hinds J, Hawkey PM, Colston MJ. Genome analysis shows a common evolutionary origin for the dominant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a UK South Asian community. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:426-36. [PMID: 17719277 PMCID: PMC2963927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain types present in the South Asian population of the UK, in which tuberculosis is particularly prevalent. In contrast to the widespread Beijing strains which have the variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) profile 42435, isolates with the VNTR profile 42235, jointly with 02335 or 42234 profiles, appear more frequently in tuberculosis patients of South Asian ethnic origin (SA-strains) in the UK than in any other ethnic group. Using microarray-based comparative genomics to distinguish total or partially deleted genes, we found that three of the common deleted regions in the SA-strains were identical to some deleted genes in the strain CH, which caused an outbreak among South Asian patients in Leicester in 2001 but were different from genomic deletions found in Beijing/W strains. Analysis of some of the deleted regions revealed differences in comparison to the strain CH including the polymorphism in some of the PE/PPE and Esat-6 genes, which may be responsible for the diversity of antigenic variation or differences in the activation of the host immune response. Interrupted genes or the replacement by insertion elements was confirmed in some of the deleted genomic regions. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the SA-strains may present common features, implying a common origin for this group of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Menéndez
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Roger S. Buxton
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 20 8816 2225; fax: +44 20 8906 4477. (R.S. Buxton)
| | - Jason T. Evans
- Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, The Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Health Protection Agency – West Midlands Laboratory, Birmingham, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | | | | | - Jason Hinds
- Bacterial Microarray Group, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's, University of London, Crammer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Peter M. Hawkey
- Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, The Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Health Protection Agency – West Midlands Laboratory, Birmingham, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - M. Joseph Colston
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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Musaad S, Smith N, English A, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Glaser A, Phillips R, Young N. P719 First reported case of human infection with Psychrobacter submarinus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Eastwood K, Schuster H, Gascoyne-Binzi D. P594 Comparison of real-time PCR and direct culture for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from human faecal samples. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Filliol I, Driscoll JR, van Soolingen D, Kreiswirth BN, Kremer K, Valétudie G, Dang DA, Barlow R, Banerjee D, Bifani PJ, Brudey K, Cataldi A, Cooksey RC, Cousins DV, Dale JW, Dellagostin OA, Drobniewski F, Engelmann G, Ferdinand S, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Gordon M, Gutierrez MC, Haas WH, Heersma H, Kassa-Kelembho E, Ho ML, Makristathis A, Mammina C, Martin G, Moström P, Mokrousov I, Narbonne V, Narvskaya O, Nastasi A, Niobe-Eyangoh SN, Pape JW, Rasolofo-Razanamparany V, Ridell M, Rossetti ML, Stauffer F, Suffys PN, Takiff H, Texier-Maugein J, Vincent V, de Waard JH, Sola C, Rastogi N. Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1963-70. [PMID: 12734235 PMCID: PMC154710 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.5.1963-1970.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present update on the global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spoligotypes provides both the octal and binary descriptions of the spoligotypes for M. tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, from >90 countries (13,008 patterns grouped into 813 shared types containing 11,708 isolates and 1,300 orphan patterns). A number of potential indices were developed to summarize the information on the biogeographical specificity of a given shared type, as well as its geographical spreading (matching code and spreading index, respectively). To facilitate the analysis of hundreds of spoligotypes each made up of a binary succession of 43 bits of information, a number of major and minor visual rules were also defined. A total of six major rules (A to F) with the precise description of the extra missing spacers (minor rules) were used to define 36 major clades (or families) of M. tuberculosis. Some major clades identified were the East African-Indian (EAI) clade, the Beijing clade, the Haarlem clade, the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) clade, the Central Asian (CAS) clade, a European clade of IS6110 low banders (X; highly prevalent in the United States and United Kingdom), and a widespread yet poorly defined clade (T). When the visual rules defined above were used for an automated labeling of the 813 shared types to define nine superfamilies of strains (Mycobacterium africanum, Beijing, M. bovis, EAI, CAS, T, Haarlem, X, and LAM), 96.9% of the shared types received a label, showing the potential for automated labeling of M. tuberculosis families in well-defined phylogeographical families. Intercontinental matches of shared types among eight continents and subcontinents (Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Far East) are analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Filliol
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
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Filliol I, Driscoll JR, van Soolingen D, Kreiswirth BN, Kremer K, Valétudie G, Anh DD, Barlow R, Banerjee D, Bifani PJ, Brudey K, Cataldi A, Cooksey RC, Cousins DV, Dale JW, Dellagostin OA, Drobniewski F, Engelmann G, Ferdinand S, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Gordon M, Gutierrez MC, Haas WH, Heersma H, Källenius G, Kassa-Kelembho E, Koivula T, Ly HM, Makristathis A, Mammina C, Martin G, Moström P, Mokrousov I, Narbonne V, Narvskaya O, Nastasi A, Niobe-Eyangoh SN, Pape JW, Rasolofo-Razanamparany V, Ridell M, Rossetti ML, Stauffer F, Suffys PN, Takiff H, Texier-Maugein J, Vincent V, de Waard JH, Sola C, Rastogi N. Global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:1347-9. [PMID: 12453368 PMCID: PMC2738532 DOI: 10.3201/eid0811.020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a short summary of recent observations on the global distribution of the major clades of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the causative agent of tuberculosis. This global distribution was defined by data-mining of an international spoligotyping database, SpolDB3. This database contains 11708 patterns from as many clinical isolates originating from more than 90 countries. The 11708 spoligotypes were clustered into 813 shared types. A total of 1300 orphan patterns (clinical isolates showing a unique spoligotype) were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Filliol
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | | | - Dick van Soolingen
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kristin Kremer
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Karin Brudey
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | | | | | - Debby V. Cousins
- Australian Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Department of Agriculture, South Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Max Gordon
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | | | | | - Herre Heersma
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tuija Koivula
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ho Minh Ly
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Gerald Martin
- Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichenVerbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Moström
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Pasteur Institute of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Olga Narvskaya
- Pasteur Institute of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Jean W Pape
- Les Centres Gheskio, Institut National de Laboratoire et de Recherche, Port-au- Prince, Haïti
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fritz Stauffer
- Bundesstaatliche bakteriologisch-serologische Untersuchungsanstalt Wien, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Sola
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
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Heritage J, M'Zali FH, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Hawkey PM. Evolution and spread of SHV extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44:309-18. [PMID: 10511397 DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has been a problem for as long as these drugs have been used in clinical practice. In clinically significant bacteria the most important mechanism of resistance is the production of one or more beta-lactamases, enzymes that hydrolyse the beta-lactam bond characteristic of this family of antibiotics. Prominent among the beta-lactamases produced by the Enterobacteriaceae is the SHV family. The first reported SHV beta-lactamase had a narrow spectrum of activity. By the accumulation of point mutations at sites that affect the active site of the enzyme, a family of derivatives of SHV-1 has evolved. Derivatives of SHV-1 either have an extended spectrum of activity, capable of inactivating third-generation cephalosporins, or are resistant to beta-lactamase inhibitors. This review describes the evolution and spread of the SHV family of beta-lactamases, introducing the structure-function analysis made possible by DNA sequence analysis. It also reviews the methods used to characterize members of this family of beta-lactamases, indicating some of the difficulties involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heritage
- Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Antimicrobial Research Centre, University of Leeds, UK.
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