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Quan Z, Li M, Chen Y, Liang J, Takiff H, Gao Q. Performance evaluation of core genome multilocus sequence typing for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in China: based on multicenter, population-based collection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:297-304. [PMID: 38041721 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) Strains in regions where the lineage 2 strains predominate. METHODS We compared clustering by whole-genome SNP typing with cgMLST clustering in the analysis of WGS data of 6240 strains from five regions of China. Using both the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and epidemiological investigation to determine the optimal threshold for defining genomic clustering by cgMLST. The performance of cgMLST was evaluated by quantifying the sensitivity, specificity and concordance of clustering between two methods. Logistic regression was used to gauge the impact of strain genetic diversity and lineage on cgMLST clustering. RESULTS The optimal threshold for cgMLST to define genomic clustering was determined to be ≤ 10 allelic differences between strains. The overall sensitivity and specificity of cgMLST averaged 99.6% and 96.3%, respectively; the concordance of clustering between two methods averaged 97.1%. Concordance was significantly correlated with strain genetic diversity and was 3.99 times (95% CI, 2.94-5.42) higher in regions with high genetic diversity (π > 1.55 × 10-4) compared to regions with low genetic diversity. The difference missed statistical significance, while concordance for lineage 2 strains (96.8%) was less than that for lineage 4 strains (98.3%). CONCLUSION : cgMLST showed a discriminatory power comparable to whole-genome SNP typing and could be used to genotype clinical M.tuberculosis strains in different regions of China. The discriminative power of cgMLST was significantly correlated with strain genetic diversity and was slightly lower with strains from regions with low genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Quan
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jialei Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Qian Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Mijiti P, Liu C, Hong C, Li M, Tan X, Zheng K, Li B, Ji L, Mao Q, Jiang Q, Takiff H, Fang H, Tan W, Gao Q. Implications for TB control among migrants in large cities in China: A prospective population-based genomic epidemiology study in Shenzhen. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 13:2287119. [PMID: 37990991 PMCID: PMC10810669 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Internal migrants are a challenge for TB control in large Chinese cities and understanding this epidemiology is crucial for designing effective control and prevention strategies. We conducted a prospective genomic epidemiological study of culture-positive TB patients diagnosed between June 1, 2018 and May 31, 2021 in the Longhua District of Shenzhen. Treatment status was obtained from local and national TB registries and all isolates were sequenced. Genomic clusters were defined as strains differing by ≤12 SNPs. Risk factors for clustering were identified with multivariable analysis and then Bayesian models and TransPhylo were used to infer the timing of transmission within clusters. Of the 2277 culture-positive patients, 70.1% (1596/2277) were migrants: 72.1% (1043/1446) of the migrants patients developed TB within two years of arriving in Longhua; 38.8% within 6 months of arriving; and 12.3% (104/843) had TB symptoms when they arrived. Only 15.4% of Longhua strains were in genomic clusters. More than one third (33.6%) of patients were not treated in Shenzhen but were involved in nearly one third of the recent transmission events. Clustering was associated with migrants not treated in Shenzhen, males, and teachers/trainers. TB in Longhua is prinicipally due to reactivation of infections in migrants, but a proportion may have had clinical or incipient TB upon arrival in the district. Patients diagnosed but not treated in Longhua were involved in recent local TB transmission. Controlling TB in Shenzhen will require strategies to comprehensively diagnose and treat active TB in the internal migrant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peierdun Mijiti
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Wulumuqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangyue Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiao Zheng
- Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lecai Ji
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hongxia Fang
- Longhua District Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Li M, Qiu Y, Guo M, Qu R, Tian F, Wang G, Wang Y, Ma J, Liu S, Takiff H, Tang YW, Gao Q. Evaluation of the Cepheid 3-gene host response blood test for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment response monitoring in a primary-level clinic in rural China. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0091123. [PMID: 37902328 PMCID: PMC10662368 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00911-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, accurate, non-sputum-based triage test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) is a high-priority need. Cepheid developed a novel prototype blood test, Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Response (Xpert-MTB-HR), which generates a TB score based on the mRNA expression of three genes. We conducted a case-control study with prospective recruitment to evaluate its accuracy in the clinic of the Wusheng County Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in China. We enrolled 149 TB patients, 248 other respiratory diseases (ORD) patients, and 193 healthy controls. In addition, whole-blood samples taken from TB patients after 2, 5, and 6 months of treatment were tested with Xpert-MTB-HR to evaluate its ability to monitor treatment response. Xpert-MTB-HR discriminated between TB and healthy controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.912 (95% CI, 0.878-0.945). With the specificity of 70% envisioned for a triage test, its sensitivity was 90.1% (84.9%-94.6%). Xpert-MTB-HR discriminated between TB and ORD with an AUC of 0.798 (0.750-0.847), and at specificity of 70%, the sensitivity was only 75.8% (68.5%-82.8%). In patients determined by Ultra to have medium or high sputum bacillary loads, with specificity of 70%, the sensitivity for discriminating patients with TB from healthy controls was 100.0% (100.0-100.0) and from patients with ORD, 95.1% (89.8-100.0). The TB scores generally increased by 2 months of treatment and then remained stable. Xpert-MTB-HR met the criteria for a triage test to discriminate between TB and healthy controls, but not between TB and ORD, except when limited to patients with high sputum bacillary loads. Xpert-MTB-HR showed promise for monitoring response to treatment but needs to be further evaluated in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang’an, China
| | - Mingcheng Guo
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang’an, China
| | - Rong Qu
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang’an, China
| | - Fajun Tian
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang’an, China
| | - Gengsheng Wang
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang’an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang’an, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Medical Affairs, Danaher Diagnostic Platform/Cepheid, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Medical Affairs, Danaher Diagnostic Platform/Cepheid, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Medical Affairs, Danaher Diagnostic Platform/Cepheid, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li M, Qiu Y, Guo M, Qu R, Tian F, Wang G, Wang Y, Ma J, Liu S, Takiff H, Tang YW, Gao Q. Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra with Xpert MTB/RIF for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in a primary-level clinic in rural China. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 142:102397. [PMID: 37597313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) is not yet used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in China. We compared the performance of the Xpert and Ultra for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in a primary-level clinic in rural China. Sputum samples from suspected pulmonary TB patients were collected and subjected to smear microscopy, liquid culture, Xpert and Ultra tests. We then compared the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert and Ultra for diagnosing TB against liquid culture. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to predict rifampicin resistance and the results were compared with the Xpert and Ultra tests. The sensitivities of Xpert and Ultra were 88.1% and 95.1%, and the specificities were 91.9% and 84.4%, respectively. Among the 61 smear-negative culture-positive patients, the sensitivities of Xpert and Ultra were 80.3% and 91.8%. All Xpert-positive patients were Ultra-positive. Among culture-negative Xpert or Ultra-positive patients, 69.6% were taking anti-TB drugs or had a previous history of TB. Of the samples that Ultra classified as trace, nearly 25% were probably false-positives. Both Xpert and Ultra accurately detected all rifampicin-resistant patients. In conclusion, Ultra was more sensitive than Xpert, especially for smear-negative patients but had decreased specificity with more false-positives, especially with Ultra trace results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Mingcheng Guo
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Rong Qu
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Fajun Tian
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Gengsheng Wang
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Medical Affairs, Danaher Diagnostic Platform/Cepheid, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Medical Affairs, Danaher Diagnostic Platform/Cepheid, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Medical Affairs, Danaher Diagnostic Platform/Cepheid, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li M, Lu L, Jiang Q, Jiang Y, Yang C, Li J, Zhang Y, Zou J, Li Y, Dai W, Hong J, Takiff H, Shen X, Guo X, Yuan Z, Gao Q. Genotypic and spatial analysis of transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: a 10-year prospective population-based surveillance study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2023; 38:100833. [PMID: 37790084 PMCID: PMC10544272 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background With improved tuberculosis (TB) control programs, the incidence of TB in China declined dramatically over the past few decades, but recently the rate of decrease has slowed, especially in large cities such as Shanghai. To help formulate strategies to further reduce TB incidence, we performed a 10-year study in Songjiang, a district of Shanghai, to delineate the characteristics, transmission patterns, and dynamic changes of the local TB burden. Methods We conducted a population-based study of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients diagnosed in Songjiang during 2011-2020. Genomic clusters were defined with a threshold distance of 12-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms based on whole-genome sequencing, and risk factors for clustering were identified by logistic regression. Transmission inference was performed using phybreak. The distances between the residences of patients were compared to the genomic distances of their isolates. Spatial patient hotspots were defined with kernel density estimation. Findings Of 2212 enrolled patients, 74.7% (1652/2212) were internal migrants. The clustering rate (25.2%, 558/2212) and spatial concentrations of clustered and unclustered patients were unchanged over the study period. Migrants had significantly higher TB rates but less clustering than residents. Clustering was highest in male migrants, younger patients and both residents and migrants employed in physical labor. Only 22.1% of transmission events occurred between residents and migrants, with residents more likely to transmit to migrants. The clustering risk decreased rapidly with increasing distances between patient residences, but more than half of clustered patient pairs lived ≥5 km apart. Epidemiologic links were identified for only 15.6% of clustered patients, mostly in close contacts. Interpretation Although some of the TB in Songjiang's migrant population is caused by strains brought by infected migrants, local, recent transmission is an important driver of the TB burden. These results suggest that further reductions in TB incidence require novel strategies to detect TB early and interrupt urban transmission. Funding Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (ZD2021CY001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272376), National Research Council of Science and Technology Major Project of China (2017ZX10201302-006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Renmin Hospital Public Health Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Zou
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Hong
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Xin Shen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengan Yuan
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li M, Lu L, Guo M, Jiang Q, Xia L, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Qiu Y, Yang C, Chen Y, Hong J, Guo X, Takiff H, Shen X, Chen C, Gao Q. Discrepancy in the transmissibility of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in urban and rural areas in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2192301. [PMID: 36924242 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The fitness of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is thought to be an important determinant of a strain's ability to be transmitted and cause outbreaks. Studies in the laboratory have demonstrated that MDR-TB strains have reduced fitness but the relative transmissibility of MDR-TB versus drug-susceptible (DS) TB strains in human populations remains unresolved. We used data on genomic clustering from our previous molecular epidemiological study in Songjiang (2011-2020) and Wusheng (2009-2020), China, to compare the relative transmissibility of MDR-TB versus DS-TB. Genomic clusters were defined with a threshold distance of 12-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms and the risk for MDR-TB clustering was analyzed by logistic regression. In total, 2212 culture-positive pulmonary TB patients were enrolled in Songjiang and 1289 in Wusheng. The clustering rates of MDR-TB and DS-TB strains were 19.4% (20/103) and 26.3% (509/1936), respectively in Songjiang, and 43.9% (29/66) and 26.0% (293/1128) in Wusheng. The risk of MDR-TB clustering was 2.34 (95% CI 1.38-3.94) times higher than DS-TB clustering in Wusheng and 0.64 (95% CI 0.38-1.06) times lower in Songjiang. Neither lineage 2, compensatory mutations nor rpoB S450L were significantly associated with MDR-TB transmission, and katG S315T increased MDR-TB transmission only in Wusheng (OR 5.28, 95% CI 1.42-19.21). MDR-TB was not more transmissible than DS-TB in either Songjiang or Wusheng. It appears that the different transmissibility of MDR-TB in Songjiang and Wusheng is likely due to differences in the quality of the local TB control programs. These results suggest that the most effective way to control MDR-TB is by improving local TB control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingcheng Guo
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Public Health, Renmin Hospital Public Health Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Xia
- Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Chongguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Hong
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Department of Tuberculosis Control, Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Xin Shen
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Li M, Guo M, Peng Y, Jiang Q, Xia L, Zhong S, Qiu Y, Su X, Zhang S, Yang C, Mijiti P, Mao Q, Takiff H, Li F, Chen C, Gao Q. High proportion of tuberculosis transmission among social contacts in rural China: a 12-year prospective population-based genomic epidemiological study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2102-2111. [PMID: 35950916 PMCID: PMC9448380 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is more prevalent in rural than urban areas in China, and delineating TB transmission patterns in rural populations could improve TB control. We conducted a prospective population-based study of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients diagnosed between July 1, 2009 and December 31, 2020 in two rural counties in China. Genomic clusters were defined with a threshold distance of 12-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, based on whole-genome sequencing. Risk factors for clustering were identified by logistic regression. Transmission links were sought through epidemiological investigation of genomic-clustered patients. Of 1517 and 751 culture-positive pulmonary TB patients in Wusheng and Wuchang counties, respectively, 1289 and 699 strains were sequenced. Overall, 624 (31.4%, 624/1988) patients were grouped into 225 genomic clusters. Epidemiological links were confirmed in 41.8% (196/469) of clustered isolates, including family (32.7%, 64/196) and social contacts (67.3%, 132/196). Social contacts were generally with relatives, within the community or in shared aggregated settings outside the community, but the proportion of clustered contacts in each category differed between the two sites. The time interval between diagnosis of student cases and contacts was significantly shorter than family and social contacts, probably due to enhanced student contact screening. Transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was likely responsible for 81.4% (83/102) of MDR-TB cases, with minimal acquisition of additional resistance mutations. A large proportion of TB transmission in rural China occurred among social contacts, suggesting that active screening and aggressive contact tracing could benefit TB control, but contact screening should be tailored to local patterns of social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingcheng Guo
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Xia
- Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Wuchang City Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Wusheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guang'an, China
| | - Xin Su
- Wuchang City Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peierdun Mijiti
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Fabin Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Harbin, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Falco A, Aranaga C, Ocampo I, Takiff H. Overexpression of mfpA Gene Increases Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6689186. [PMID: 33824663 PMCID: PMC8007378 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are antibiotics useful in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, but FQ-resistant mutants can be selected rapidly. Although mutations in the DNA gyrase are the principal cause of this resistance, pentapeptide proteins have been found to confer low-level FQ resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. MfpA is a pentapeptide repeat protein conserved in mycobacterial chromosomes, where it is adjacent to a group of four highly conserved genes termed a conservon. We wished to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the mfpA gene and relate its expression to ciprofloxacin resistance in M. smegmatis. Reverse transcription PCR showed that mfpA gene is part of an operon containing the conservon genes. Using a transcriptional fusion, we showed that a promoter was located 5' to the mfpEA operon. We determined the promoter activity under different growth conditions and found that the expression of the operon increases slightly in late growth phases in basic pH and in subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin. Finally, by cloning the mfpA gene in an inducible vector, we showed that induced expression of mfpA increases the ciprofloxacin Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. These results confirm that increased expression of the mfpA gene, which is part of the mfpEA operon, increases ciprofloxacin resistance in M. smegmatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Falco
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología, Industria y Ambiente (GIMIA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Km. 11, Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Aranaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ivan Ocampo
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología, Industria y Ambiente (GIMIA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Howard Takiff
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología, Industria y Ambiente (GIMIA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Lv C, Wu J, Pierre-Audigier C, Lu L, Alame-Emane AK, Takiff H, Xu Y, Wang J, Gicquel B, Liu S. Combination of Xpert MTB/RIF and MTBDRplus for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in a Chinese District. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923508. [PMID: 32504464 PMCID: PMC7297034 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) remains high in many countries, including some middle- and high-income countries without financial constraints for diagnosis and treatment. The implementation of an improved algorithm for diagnosis using 2 rapid molecular tests should help reduce the TB burden. Material/Methods Between April 2018 and March 2019, sputum samples from 711 patients suspected of TB in Nanshan, Shenzhen, China, were included in this prospective study. All sputum samples were examined by smear microscopy, Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF. The sputum remnants of Xpert MTB/RIF were used for MTBDRplus to confirm the Xpert results both for the presence of TB bacilli and for resistance to rifampicin (RIF), and also to diagnose multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Results In total, 200 (28.1%) of the 711 sputa were positive for TB by Xpert MTB/RIF, and the sputum remnants were used for MTBDRplus. The simultaneous use of Xpert MTB/RIF and MTBDRplus directly on sputum samples permitted accurate bacteriologic confirmation of TB in 64% (119/187) of cases and detection of 70% (7/10) of strains that were MDR. Conclusions The implementation of 2 rapid nucleic acid-based tests on sputum samples could facilitate the prompt and appropriate treatment of most TB cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | | | - Liuzhu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Amel Kévin Alame-Emane
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Howard Takiff
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yangfeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Pierre-Audigier C, Talla C, Alame-Emane AK, Audigier B, Grall N, Ruimy R, Andremont A, Cadet-Daniel V, Sola C, Takiff H, Gicquel B, Vray M, Armand-Lefevre L. Tuberculosis trends in a hot-spot region in Paris, France. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:428-435. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is declining overall in France, but not in Paris where some areas remain relative hot spots for TB.OBJECTIVES: To obtain a better knowledge of local TB epidemiology in order to facilitate control measures.DESIGN: Analysis
of demographic data of TB patients diagnosed at the Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital from 2007 to 2016, with spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates.RESULTS: During the study period, 1096 TB patients were analysed. The incidence of TB diagnosis was stable,
averaging 115 patients per year, predominantly males (71%), foreign-born (81%), with pulmonary TB (77%) and negative HIV serology (88%). The mean age of foreign-born TB patients decreased over the study period, most significantly in recent arrivals in France, whose average age decreased by
two years (P = 0.001). The time period between arrival in France and being diagnosed with active TB decreased annually significantly by 0.75 years (P = 0.02). The proportion of L4.6.2/Cameroon and L2/Beijing sub-lineages increased annually by 0.7% (P < 0.05). Multi-drug
resistant strains, representing 4% of all strains, increased annually by 0.75% (P = 0.03)CONCLUSION: The number of TB patients remained high in northern Paris and the surrounding suburbs, suggesting the need for increased control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pierre-Audigier
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France, Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center
for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - C. Talla
- Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A-K. Alame-Emane
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - B. Audigier
- Statistic Study Group, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
| | - N. Grall
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France, IAME, UMR 1137, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris
Cité F-75018, Paris
| | - R. Ruimy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Nice
| | - A. Andremont
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France, IAME, UMR 1137, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne
Paris Cité F-75018, Paris
| | | | - C. Sola
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H. Takiff
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Caracas,
Venezuela
| | - B. Gicquel
- Mycobacterial Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - M. Vray
- Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal
| | - L. Armand-Lefevre
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France, IAME, UMR 1137, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne
Paris Cité F-75018, Paris
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11
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Essone PN, Leboueny M, Maloupazoa Siawaya AC, Alame-Emane AK, Aboumegone Biyogo OC, Dapnet Tadatsin PH, Mveang Nzoghe A, Essamazokou DU, Mvoundza Ndjindji O, Padzys GS, Agnandji ST, Takiff H, Gicquel B, Djoba Siawaya JF. Publisher Correction: M. tuberculosis infection and antigen specific cytokine response in healthcare workers frequently exposed to tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15415. [PMID: 31645578 PMCID: PMC6811675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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12
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Essone PN, Leboueny M, Maloupazoa Siawaya AC, Alame-Emane AK, Aboumegone Biyogo OC, Dapnet Tadatsin PH, Mveang Nzoghe A, Essamazokou DU, Mvoundza Ndjindji O, Padzys GS, Agnandji ST, Takiff H, Gicquel B, Djoba Siawaya JF. M. tuberculosis infection and antigen specific cytokine response in healthcare workers frequently exposed to tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8201. [PMID: 31160610 PMCID: PMC6547719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death due to an infectious agent, but only a small fraction of those infected develop the disease. Cytokines are involved in the mediation and regulation of immunity, and their secretion patterns may reflect the infection status. To increase our understanding of immune response to M. tuberculosis infection, we conducted a cross-sectional study investigating M. tuberculosis infection status and comparing the release profiles of cytokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, in community controls (CCs) and healthy healthcare workers (HCWs) highly exposed to TB. Among HCWs and CCs, the probability of latent M. tuberculosis (LTB+) infection was respectively 5.4 (p = 0.002) and 3.4 (p = 0.006) times higher in men than women. The odds ratio of LTB infection was 4 times higher among HCWs in direct contact with active TB patients than other HCW (p = 0.01). Whole blood supernatant cytokine responses to M. tuberculosis antigens showed differential pro-inflammatory responses between HCWs and CCs. CCsLTB- had higher IL-1β responses than HCWsLTB- (p = 0.002). HCWsLTB+ had significantly higher IL-8 responses to M. tuberculosis antigens than HCWsLTB- (p = 0.003) and CCsLTB- (p = 0.015). HCWsLTB+/- showed weak but positive TNF-α responses to M. tuberculosis antigen stimulation compared to CCsLTB+/- (p ≤ 0.015). Looking at T-helper (1 and 2) responses, HCWsLTB+ and CCsLTB+ had significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-2 responses compared to HCWsLTB- and CCsLTB- (p < [0.0001-0.003]). Also, TB antigen induced IL-5 secretion was significantly higher in HCWsLTB+ and CCsLTB+ than in non-infected CCsLTB- (p < [0.005-0.04]). M. tuberculosis antigen specific responses in HCWsLTB+ varied based on active TB exposure gradient. HCWsLTB+ who were highly exposed to active TB (≥3 hours per day) had significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-8 responses (p ≤ 0.02) than HCWs LTB+ not in direct contact with active TB patients. HCWsLTB+ working with active TB patients for 5 to 31 years had a significantly enhanced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, TNF-α) compared to HCWsLTB- (p < [0.0001-0.01]). Secretion of anti-inflammatory/Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-10 was also higher in HCWsLTB+ than HCWsLTB-. In conclusion, LTBI individuals controlling the M. tuberculosis infection have an enhanced TB specific Th1-cytokines/proinflammatory response combined with selected Th2 type/anti-inflammatory cytokines induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin N Essone
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP 242, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Marielle Leboueny
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Amel Kévin Alame-Emane
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Cordelia Aboumegone Biyogo
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Amandine Mveang Nzoghe
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Dimitri Ulrich Essamazokou
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Physiologie Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Guy-Stéphane Padzys
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Physiologie Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP 242, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Howard Takiff
- Unité de Pathogenomique Mycobactérienne Intégrée, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Gicquel
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya
- Unité de Recherche et de Diagnostics Spécialisés, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Puche R, Ferrés I, Caraballo L, Rangel Y, Picardeau M, Takiff H, Iraola G. Leptospira venezuelensis sp. nov., a new member of the intermediate group isolated from rodents, cattle and humans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 68:513-517. [PMID: 29239713 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains, CLM-U50T, CLM-R50 and IVIC-Bov1, belonging to the genus Leptospira, were isolated in Venezuela from a patient with leptospirosis, a domestic rat (Rattus norvegicus) and a cow (Bos taurus), respectively. The initial characterisation of these strains based on the rrs gene (16S rRNA) suggested their designation as a novel species within the 'intermediates' group of the genus Leptospira. Further phylogenomic characterisation based on single copy core genes was consistent with their separation into a novel species. The average nucleotide identity between these three strains was >99 %, but below 89 % with respect to any previously described leptospiral species, also supporting their designation as a novel species. Given this evidence, these three isolates were considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Leptospiravenezuelensis sp. nov. is proposed, with CLM-U50T (=CIP 111407T=DSM 105752T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Puche
- Unidad de Estudios Genéticos y Forenses, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | - Ignacio Ferrés
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lizeth Caraballo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | - Yaritza Rangel
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela
| | | | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Venezuela and Unité de Genetique Mycobacterienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
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Falco A, Barrios Y, Torres L, Sandrea L, Takiff H. [Molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in two public hospitals in Carabobo and Zulia states, Venezuela]. Invest Clin 2017; 58:3-21. [PMID: 29938999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria (K. pneumonia carbapenemase) are the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections worldwide. These isolates have been identified in Venezuela, but little is known about their local spread. The aim of this study was to perform molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolated from two public hospitals in the Carabobo and Zulia states of Venezuela. Thirty-two K. pneumoniaei solates, phenotypically classified as KPC producers were subjected to PCR to detect the presence of blaKPC genes and their location within transposon Tn4401, and the blaKPC product was sequenced to identify the KPC allele. Genotypic analysis was performed using repeated extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) and Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). Finally, a conjugation assay determined whether the blaKPC genes were carried on transferable plasmids. The results indicate that the 32 isolates contained the blaKPC-2 variant associated with isoform Tn4401b, and were distributed in nine sequence types (ST), one of which was new. Conjugation assays indicate that 87.5% of the isolates contain the gene blaKPC on mobilizable plasmids. In these hospitals, the blaKPC-2 gene is spreading through the plasmids carrying the transposon Tn4401b. The most common ST belongs to Clonal Complexes CC258 and CC147, which play an important role in the dispersion of resistance to carbapenems worldwide.
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Falco A, Ramos Y, Franco E, Guzmán A, Takiff H. A cluster of KPC-2 and VIM-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST833 isolates from the pediatric service of a Venezuelan Hospital. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:595. [PMID: 27770796 PMCID: PMC5075218 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and is a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae have been isolated in many hospitals in Venezuela, but they have not been well-studied. The aim of this study was to characterize carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the pediatric service of a hospital located in Anzoategui State, in the eastern part of Venezuela. METHODS Nineteen Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in the hospital from April to July 2014 were evaluated phenotypically and molecularly for the presence of carbapenemases blaKPC, blaIMP and blaVIM. Molecular epidemiology was performed with Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). They were also studied for phenotypic and molecular resistance to a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) disinfectant. RESULTS All 19 isolates contained both bla VIM-2 and bla KPC-2 genes, and the bla KPC-2 gene was associated with Tn4401b. All isolates were phenotypically sensitive to QACs and contained qacΔE and addA2 genes typical of class 1 integrons. Analysis by REP-PCR and MLST showed that all isolates had identical profiles characteristic of sequence type ST833. CONCLUSION All 19 strains are bla VIM-2 and bla KPC-2-producing ST833 K. pneumoniae sensitive to QACs. This analysis may help to understand the routes of dissemination and confirms that QAC disinfectants can be used to help control their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Falco
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yusibeska Ramos
- Laboratorio B, Dirección de Energía y Ambiente, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Esther Franco
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico del anexo pediátrico "Dr. Rafael Tobías Guevara" del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario "Dr. Luis Razetti", Barcelona, Venezuela
| | - Alegría Guzmán
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico del anexo pediátrico "Dr. Rafael Tobías Guevara" del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario "Dr. Luis Razetti", Barcelona, Venezuela
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
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16
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Cortesia C, Bello T, Lopez G, Franzblau S, de Waard J, Takiff H. Use of green fluorescent protein labeled non-tuberculous mycobacteria to evaluate the activity quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants and antibiotics. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 48:151-158. [PMID: 27789202 PMCID: PMC5221367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although infections with NonTuberculous Mycobacteria have become less common in AIDS patients, they are important opportunistic infections after surgical procedures, likely because they are ubiquitous and not efficiently killed by many commonly used disinfectants. In Venezuela there have recently been many non-tuberculous mycobacteria soft tissue infections after minor surgical procedures, some apparently related to the use of a commercial disinfectant based on a Quaternary Ammonium Compound. We studied the activity of this and other quaternary ammonium compounds on different non-tuberculous mycobacteria by transforming the mycobacteria with a dnaA-gfp fusion and then monitoring fluorescence to gauge the capacity of different quaternary ammonium compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration varied for the different quaternary ammonium compounds, but M. chelonae and M. abscessus were consistently more resistant than M. smegmatis, and M. terrae more resistant than M. bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cortesia
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Teresita Bello
- Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gustavo Lopez
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Scott Franzblau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Chicago, United States
| | - Jacobus de Waard
- Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Howard Takiff
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela.
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Sánchez K, de Mendonca E, Matute X, Chaustre I, Villalón M, Takiff H. Analysis of the CFTR gene in Venezuelan cystic fibrosis patients, identification of six novel cystic fibrosis-causing genetic variants. Appl Clin Genet 2016; 9:33-8. [PMID: 27022295 PMCID: PMC4789841 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s78241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mutations in the CFTR gene found in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have geographic differences, but there are scant data on their prevalence in Venezuelan patients. This study determined the frequency of common CFTR gene mutations in a group of Venezuelan patients with CF. The 27 exons of the CFTR gene from 110 Venezuelan patients in the National CF Program were amplified and sequenced. A total of 36 different mutations were identified, seven with frequencies greater than 1%: p.Phe508del (27.27%), p.Gly542* (3.18%), c.2988+1G>A (3.18%), p.Arg334Trp (1.36%), p.Arg1162* (1.36%), c.1-8G>C (1.36%), and p.[Gly628Arg;Ser1235Arg](1.36). In 40% of patients, all with a clinical diagnosis of CF, no mutations were found. This report represents the largest cohort of Venezuelan patients with CF ever examined, and includes a wider mutation panel than has been previously studied in this population. Mutations common in Southern European populations predominate, and several new mutations were discovered, but no mutations were found in 40% of the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sánchez
- Unit of Genetic and Forensic Studies, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elizabeth de Mendonca
- Unit of Genetic and Forensic Studies, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Xiorama Matute
- Hospital JM de los Ríos, Algodonal, National Reference Unit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ismenia Chaustre
- Hospital JM de los Ríos, Algodonal, National Reference Unit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marlene Villalón
- Hospital José Ignacio Baldo, Algodonal, National Reference Unit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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18
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Takiff H, Alame-Emane AK, Pierre-Audigier C, Gicquel B. In reply. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 20:282-3. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Alame-Emane AK, Xu P, Pierre-Audigier C, Cadet-Daniel V, Shen X, Sraouia M, Siawaya JFD, Takiff H, Gao Q, Gicquel B. Pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis arises after rifampicin and fluoroquinolone resistance. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:679-84. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Carrère-Kremer S, Blaise M, Singh VK, Alibaud L, Tuaillon E, Halloum I, van de Weerd R, Guérardel Y, Drancourt M, Takiff H, Geurtsen J, Kremer L. A new dehydratase conferring innate resistance to thiacetazone and intra-amoebal survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:1085-102. [PMID: 25754266 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are innately resistant to most antibiotics, although the mechanisms responsible for their drug resistance remain poorly understood. They are particularly refractory to thiacetazone (TAC), a second-line antitubercular drug. Herein, we identified MSMEG_6754 as essential for the innate resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis to TAC. Transposon-mediated and targeted disruption of MSMEG_6754 resulted in hypersusceptibility to TAC. Conversely, introduction of MSMEG_6754 into Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased resistance 100-fold. Resolution of the crystal structure of MSMEG_6754 revealed a homodimer in which each monomer comprises two hot-dog domains characteristic of dehydratase-like proteins and very similar to the HadAB complex involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Gene inactivation of the essential hadB dehydratase could be achieved in M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis only when the strains carried an integrated copy of MSMEG_6754, supporting the idea that MSMEG_6754 and HadB share redundant dehydratase activity. Using M. smegmatis-Acanthamoeba co-cultures, we found that intra-amoebal growth of the MSMEG_6754 deleted strain was significantly reduced compared with the parental strain. This in vivo growth defect was fully restored upon complementation with catalytically active MSMEG_6754 or HadABC, indicating that MSMEG_6754 plays a critical role in the survival of M. smegmatis within the environmental host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.,INSERM U1058, Université de Montpellier and Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Mickael Blaise
- CARB Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Laeticia Alibaud
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- INSERM U1058, Université de Montpellier and Department of Bacteriology-Virology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Iman Halloum
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Robert van de Weerd
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 147, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- URMITE, UMR63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Howard Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Jeroen Geurtsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, case 107, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.,INSERM, DIMNP, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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21
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Patiño MA, Abadía E, Maes M, Muñoz M, Gómez D, Guzmán P, Méndez MV, Ramirez C, Mercedes E, de Waard J, Takiff H. Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure and molecular epidemiological analysis in Sucre municipality, Miranda state, Venezuela. Invest Clin 2014; 55:332-351. [PMID: 25558753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sucre municipality is a large, densely populated marginal area in the eastern part of Caracas, Venezuela that consistently has more cases of tuberculosis than other municipalities in the country. To identify the neighborhoods in the municipality with the highest prevalence of tuberculosis, and determine whether the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain distribution in this municipality is different from that previously found in the western part of Caracas and the rest of Venezuela, we collected data on all tuberculosis cases in the municipality diagnosed in 2005-6. We performed two separate molecular epidemiological studies, spoligotyping 44 strains in a first study, and spoligotyping 131 strains, followed by MIRU-VNTR 15 on 21 clustered isolates in the second. With spoligotyping, the most common patterns were Shared International Type SIT17 (21%); SIT42 (15%); SIT93 (11%); SIT20 (7%); SIT53 (6%), a distribution similar to other parts of Venezuela, except that SIT42 and SIT20 were more common. MIRU-VNTR 15 showed that six of seven SIT17 strains examined belonged to a large cluster previously found circulating in Venezuela, but all of the SIT42 strains were related to a cluster centered in the neighborhoods of Unión and Maca, with a MIRU-VNTR pattern not previously seen in Venezuela. It appears that a large percentage of the tuberculosis in the Sucre municipality is caused by the active transmission of two strain families centered within distinct neighborhoods, one reflecting communication with the rest of the country, and the other suggesting the insular, isolated nature of some sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth A Patiño
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientícas España, Altos de Pipe, Venezuela
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22
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Morcillo NS, Imperiale BR, Di Giulio Á, Zumárraga MJ, Takiff H, Cataldi ÁA. Fitness of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the impact on the transmission among household contacts. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:672-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Sánchez K, Arcia O, Matute X, Mindiola L, Chaustre I, Takiff H. Frequency of common CFTR gene mutations in Venezuelan patients with cystic fibrosis. Invest Clin 2014; 55:44-54. [PMID: 24758101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients have geographic differences and there is scant data on their prevalence in Venezuelan patients. This study determined the frequency of common CFTR gene mutations in these patients. We amplified and sequenced exons 7, 10, 11, 19, 20 and 21, which contain the most common CFTR mutations, from 105 Venezuelan patients in the National CF Program. Eleven different mutations were identified, four with frequencies greater than 1%: p.Phe508del (26,17%), p.Gly542X (3,33%), p.Arg334Trp (1,43%) and p.Arg1162X (1.43%). No mutations were found in 63.3% of patients. This report represents the largest group of Venezuelan CF patients ever examined and includes a wider mutation panel than has been previously studied in this population. Southern European CFTR mutations predominate in the Venezuelan population, but a high percentage of the causative alleles remain unidentified.
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24
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Sánchez K, Arcia O, Matute X, Mendiola L, Chaustre I, Villalon M, Takiff H. 18 Frequency of delta F508 mutation in Venezuelan patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Guerrero E, Lemus D, Yzquierdo S, Vílchez G, Muñoz M, Montoro E, Takiff H. Association between embB mutations and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Cuba and the Dominican Republic: reproducible patterns and problems. Rev Argent Microbiol 2013; 45:21-26. [PMID: 23560784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The relation of ethambutol resistance to embB mutations remains unclear, and there are no reports on ethambutol resistance from the caribbean. We examined the sequence of embB in 57 distinct Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and non-MDR strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mostly from Cuba and the Dominican Republic. embB306 codon mutations were found exclusively in MDR-TB, but in both ethambutol sensitive and resistant strains. Valine substitutions predominated in ethambutol resistant strains, while isoleucine replacements were more common in sensitive strains. Three ethambutol resistant MDR strains without embB306 substitutions had replacements in embB406 or embB497, but these were also found in ethambutol sensitive MDR strains. The results confirm previous findings that amino acid substitutions in EmbB306, EmbB406 and EmbB497 are found only in MDR-TB strains but in both phenotypically resistant and sensitive strains. One ethambutol resistant non-MDR strain did not have any embB mutation suggesting that other undefined mutations can also confer ethambutol resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Guerrero
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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26
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Mendoza R, De Donato M, de Waard JH, Takiff H, Bello T, Chirinos G. [Susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs as determined by two methods, in Sucre state, Venezuela]. Invest Clin 2010; 51:445-455. [PMID: 21365873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), streptomycin (STR) and ethambutol (EMB), with the Canetti's proportions method (PM) and the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) of 59 clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolated in the period of august 2005 to december 2006, in Sucre state, Venezuela. Primary and acquired drug resistance was 6.3% and 14.3%, respectively. Only one strain was found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The overall agreement between the NRA and PM was 100% for INH, RIF and EMB, and 96% for STR. The time to obtain results was 10 to 14 days for the NRA, compared to 42 days for the PM. The NRA was easy to perform and therefore represents a useful tool for rapid and accurate determination of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. The sequence of the rpoB gene of the RIF resistant strain demonstrated a never described mutation (change in the codon 456; TCG > CAG) in the hypervariable region of 81 base pairs where most of the mutations of the RIF resistant strains have been reported. Comparison of our results with those of the last resistance prevalence study carried out in the years 1998-1999, shows a decrease in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmy Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas "Dra. Susan Tai", Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Sucre, Cumaná, Venezuela
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27
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Loyo MA, Caraballo G, Sánchez K, Takiff H. PowerPlex® 16 HS: Internal validation of a new tool for genetic analysis of forensic and parentage testing. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Jaspe RC, Rojas YM, Flores LA, Sofia Toro E, Takiff H, de Waard JH. Evaluation of the Kudoh swab method for the culturing ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin rural areas. Trop Med Int Health 2009; 14:468-71. [PMID: 19302632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana C Jaspe
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Hospital Vargas, San José, Venezuela
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29
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Rodríguez-Díaz J, Querales L, Caraballo L, Vizzi E, Liprandi F, Takiff H, Betancourt WQ. Detection and characterization of waterborne gastroenteritis viruses in urban sewage and sewage-polluted river waters in Caracas, Venezuela. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:387-94. [PMID: 19028907 PMCID: PMC2620703 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02045-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and molecular characterization of pathogenic human viruses in urban sewage have been used extensively to derive information on circulating viruses in given populations throughout the world. In this study, a similar approach was applied to provide an overview of the epidemiology of waterborne gastroenteritis viruses circulating in urban areas of Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela in South America. Dry season sampling was conducted in sewers and in a major river severely polluted with urban sewage discharges. Nested PCR was used for detection of human adenoviruses (HAds), while reverse transcription plus nested or seminested PCR was used for detection of enteroviruses (HuEVs), rotaviruses (HRVs), noroviruses (HuNoVs), and astroviruses (HAstVs). HRVs were fully characterized with genotype-specific primers for VP4 (genotype P), VP7 (genotype G), and the rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4). HuNoVs and HAstVs were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The detection rates of all viruses were >or=50%, and all sampling events were positive for at least one of the pathogenic viruses studied. The predominant HRV types found were G1, P[8], P[4], and NSP4A and -B. Genogroup II of HuNoVs and HAstV type 8 were frequently detected in sewage and sewage-polluted river waters. This study reveals relevant epidemiological data on the distribution and persistence of human pathogenic viruses in sewage-polluted waters and addresses the potential health risks associated with transmission of these viruses through water-related environmental routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Sequera C M, Delgado S V, Araque M W, Torrealba O M, Núñez M R, Da Mata J O, Abadía P E, Takiff H, De Waard J. [Mycobacterium tuberculosis: spoligotypes in the Carabobo state, Venezuela]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2008; 25:362-367. [PMID: 18949149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the genetic variability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in the Carabobo State at Venezuela, 317 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients living in different health districts whose acid fast smears were positive, were included. Each strain was characterized by spoligotyping and the pattern compared with the national and worldwide SpolDB4.0 databases; 220 isolates (69.4%) were grouped in 24 clusters, being LAM the most common family (34%). In contrast to other Venezuelan regions, the most common Carabobo spoligotype was number 605, with 46 isolates (14.5%). In addition, there were 97 (30.6%) orphan spoligotypes, 19 of which are found in SpolDB4.0, and 78 non described. Co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus was detected in 11 patients (3.5%). These results show high genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis in the region, contributing with new information for a better understanding of tuberculosis transmission in Venezuela.
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Sequera C M, Delgado S V, Araque M W, Torrealba O M, Núñez M R, Da Mata J O, Abadía P E, Takiff H, De Waard J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Espoligotipos en el Estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Rev Chilena Infectol 2008. [DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182008000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Maes M, Kremer K, van Soolingen D, Takiff H, de Waard JH. 24-Locus MIRU-VNTR genotyping is a useful tool to study the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis among Warao Amerindians in Venezuela. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008; 88:490-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wehenkel A, Bellinzoni M, Graña M, Duran R, Villarino A, Fernandez P, Andre-Leroux G, England P, Takiff H, Cerveñansky C, Cole ST, Alzari PM. Mycobacterial Ser/Thr protein kinases and phosphatases: physiological roles and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1784:193-202. [PMID: 17869195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulation mechanism of fundamental biological processes, not only in eukaryotes but also in bacteria. A growing body of evidence suggests that Ser/Thr phosphorylation play important roles in the physiology and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. This pathogen uses 'eukaryotic-like' Ser/Thr protein kinases and phosphatases not only to regulate many intracellular metabolic processes, but also to interfere with signaling pathways of the infected host cell. Disrupting such processes by means of selective inhibitors may thus provide new pharmaceutical weapons to combat the disease. Here we review the current knowledge on Ser/Thr protein kinases and phosphatases in M. tuberculosis, their regulation mechanisms and putative substrates, and we explore their therapeutic potential as possible targets for the development of new anti-mycobacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wehenkel
- Unité de Biochimie Structurale, URA 2185 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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Méndez D, Giménez F, Escalona A, Da Mata O, González A, Takiff H, de Waard JH. Mycobacterium bovis cultured from commercially pasteurized cows’ milk: Laboratory cross-contamination. Vet Microbiol 2006; 116:325-8. [PMID: 16766143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to survive the commercial pasteurization process of raw milk remains controversial. In a study undertaken in Venezuela to culture M. paratuberculosis from commercially pasteurized cows' milk, 83-200 ml containers of milk were processed and cultured on Herrold's egg yolk slants. No M. paratuberculosis was cultured but a total of six colonies of Mycobacterium bovis were isolated from one container each from two different milk providers. Because laboratory cross-contamination was suspected, the laboratory records were reviewed and spoligotyping was carried out on the isolated individual colonies. On the day before these milk specimens were processed, the biological safety cabinet had been used for the isolation of M. bovis from lymph nodes from infected cattle. Spoligotyping showed that that the colonies isolated from the milk all had the same pattern as the strains isolated from the lymph nodes that were processed the previous day. As far as we know, this is the first report of cross-contamination in a veterinary mycobacterial laboratory. False-positive cultures in the mycobacterial laboratory are not rare. In this setting M. bovis was isolated because it is the most common manipulated organism in this laboratory. We believe that reports on the isolation of M. paratuberculosis from commercially pasteurized milk should exclude cross-contamination before reporting, especially when this organism is routinely isolated from animal material in the same lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling Méndez
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Angel Melénez, Decanato Veterinario Universidad Centrooccidente Lisandro Alvarez, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
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Martin A, Takiff H, Vandamme P, Swings J, Palomino JC, Portaels F. A new rapid and simple colorimetric method to detect pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using nicotinamide. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58:327-31. [PMID: 16751203 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop and assess a rapid method for pyrazinamide resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using nicotinamide in a colorimetric resazurin assay. METHODS We have tested M. tuberculosis isolates using nicotinamide in a 96-well format with the redox indicator resazurin (REMA) and compared results using the BACTEC 460-TB system with two concentrations of pyrazinamide (100 and 300 mg/L), as well as the Wayne method for detecting pyrazinamidase activity. Mutations in the pncA gene were detected by DNA sequencing of the pyrazinamide-resistant strains. RESULTS Out of 95 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis tested, 25 were determined to be resistant by the Wayne, BACTEC (300 mg/L), and the REMA nicotinamide methods. Using a nicotinamide MIC>250 mg/L as the cut-off for defining resistance, only one strain was falsely labelled as resistant. The REMA nicotinamide assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98%. The BACTEC (100 mg/L) falsely classified 8 strains as resistant. DNA sequencing detected mutations in 18/22 of the pncA genes from pyrazinamide-resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS The REMA plate using nicotinamide to detect resistance to pyrazinamide is a simple and rapid method that could be useful in limited-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Martin
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine Nationalestraat 155, Antwerpen, B-2000 Belgium.
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36
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Símboli N, Takiff H, McNerney R, López B, Martin A, Palomino JC, Barrera L, Ritacco V. In-house phage amplification assay is a sound alternative for detecting rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in low-resource settings. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:425-7. [PMID: 15616326 PMCID: PMC538913 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.1.425-427.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-house mycobacteriophage amplification assay for detecting rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed 100% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity, and 95.2% predictive value for resistance in a test of 129 isolates from a hot spot area of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis. The applicability of the test was demonstrated in the routine work flow of a low-resource reference laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Símboli
- INEI-ANLIS "Carlos G. Malbrán," Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Filliol I, Driscoll JR, van Soolingen D, Kreiswirth BN, Kremer K, Valétudie G, Dang DA, Barlow R, Banerjee D, Bifani PJ, Brudey K, Cataldi A, Cooksey RC, Cousins DV, Dale JW, Dellagostin OA, Drobniewski F, Engelmann G, Ferdinand S, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Gordon M, Gutierrez MC, Haas WH, Heersma H, Kassa-Kelembho E, Ho ML, Makristathis A, Mammina C, Martin G, Moström P, Mokrousov I, Narbonne V, Narvskaya O, Nastasi A, Niobe-Eyangoh SN, Pape JW, Rasolofo-Razanamparany V, Ridell M, Rossetti ML, Stauffer F, Suffys PN, Takiff H, Texier-Maugein J, Vincent V, de Waard JH, Sola C, Rastogi N. Snapshot of moving and expanding clones of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their global distribution assessed by spoligotyping in an international study. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1963-70. [PMID: 12734235 PMCID: PMC154710 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.5.1963-1970.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present update on the global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex spoligotypes provides both the octal and binary descriptions of the spoligotypes for M. tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, from >90 countries (13,008 patterns grouped into 813 shared types containing 11,708 isolates and 1,300 orphan patterns). A number of potential indices were developed to summarize the information on the biogeographical specificity of a given shared type, as well as its geographical spreading (matching code and spreading index, respectively). To facilitate the analysis of hundreds of spoligotypes each made up of a binary succession of 43 bits of information, a number of major and minor visual rules were also defined. A total of six major rules (A to F) with the precise description of the extra missing spacers (minor rules) were used to define 36 major clades (or families) of M. tuberculosis. Some major clades identified were the East African-Indian (EAI) clade, the Beijing clade, the Haarlem clade, the Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) clade, the Central Asian (CAS) clade, a European clade of IS6110 low banders (X; highly prevalent in the United States and United Kingdom), and a widespread yet poorly defined clade (T). When the visual rules defined above were used for an automated labeling of the 813 shared types to define nine superfamilies of strains (Mycobacterium africanum, Beijing, M. bovis, EAI, CAS, T, Haarlem, X, and LAM), 96.9% of the shared types received a label, showing the potential for automated labeling of M. tuberculosis families in well-defined phylogeographical families. Intercontinental matches of shared types among eight continents and subcontinents (Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia, and the Far East) are analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Filliol
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
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Filliol I, Driscoll JR, van Soolingen D, Kreiswirth BN, Kremer K, Valétudie G, Anh DD, Barlow R, Banerjee D, Bifani PJ, Brudey K, Cataldi A, Cooksey RC, Cousins DV, Dale JW, Dellagostin OA, Drobniewski F, Engelmann G, Ferdinand S, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Gordon M, Gutierrez MC, Haas WH, Heersma H, Källenius G, Kassa-Kelembho E, Koivula T, Ly HM, Makristathis A, Mammina C, Martin G, Moström P, Mokrousov I, Narbonne V, Narvskaya O, Nastasi A, Niobe-Eyangoh SN, Pape JW, Rasolofo-Razanamparany V, Ridell M, Rossetti ML, Stauffer F, Suffys PN, Takiff H, Texier-Maugein J, Vincent V, de Waard JH, Sola C, Rastogi N. Global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:1347-9. [PMID: 12453368 PMCID: PMC2738532 DOI: 10.3201/eid0811.020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a short summary of recent observations on the global distribution of the major clades of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the causative agent of tuberculosis. This global distribution was defined by data-mining of an international spoligotyping database, SpolDB3. This database contains 11708 patterns from as many clinical isolates originating from more than 90 countries. The 11708 spoligotypes were clustered into 813 shared types. A total of 1300 orphan patterns (clinical isolates showing a unique spoligotype) were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Filliol
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | | | - Dick van Soolingen
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kristin Kremer
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Karin Brudey
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | | | | | - Debby V. Cousins
- Australian Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Department of Agriculture, South Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Max Gordon
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | | | | | - Herre Heersma
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tuija Koivula
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ho Minh Ly
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Gerald Martin
- Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichenVerbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Moström
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Pasteur Institute of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Olga Narvskaya
- Pasteur Institute of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Jean W Pape
- Les Centres Gheskio, Institut National de Laboratoire et de Recherche, Port-au- Prince, Haïti
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fritz Stauffer
- Bundesstaatliche bakteriologisch-serologische Untersuchungsanstalt Wien, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Sola
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- Institut Pasteur, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
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Toro S, Armengol R, Convit J, de Salas AV, Takiff H, de Waard JH. The molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Caracas, Venezuela, with IS6110 DNA fingerprinting. Acta Cient Venez 2002; 52 Suppl 1:33-5. [PMID: 11899702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study we asses the molecular epidemiological situation of Tuberculosis of the city of Caracas, Venezuela in the year 1994, applying IS6110 DNA Fingerprinting of clinical isolates. Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of sixty-four patients TB patients from all the 5 districts of the city revealed fifty-one distinct IS6110 patterns. Isolates from 20 patients (30%) had fingerprints that were shared with at least one other patient. Based on this sampling we conclude that at least a third of the tuberculosis cases in Caracas in the year 1994 were the result of recent and ongoing transmission, indicating micro-epidemics in the town.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toro
- Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Departamento Bacteriología, Caracas, Venezuela
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Takiff H. [The role of human genetic factors in susceptibility to tuberculosis]. Acta Cient Venez 2002; 52 Suppl 1:16-8. [PMID: 11899696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis has been one of the most important illnesses in the history of the world, but it was never understood why only some people, and not others, develop the disease. It was assumed that human genetic factors play a role in susceptibility, but until the advent of molecular markers, it was never possible to convincingly separate inheritance from the compounding factors of environment and exposure to the bacillus. In recent years particular polymorphisms of several human genes have been shown to be correlated with susceptibility to TB: NRAMP1, Vitamin D receptor, Interferon gamma receptor, IL-12 and its receptor, several HLA haplotypes and there are probably several others that will be discovered. Nevertheless, no single gene appears to play a dominant role in the total TB burden of any population, and exposure of the individual to the bacillus and the environment and nutritional state of the individual also seem to play an important role in determining who will develop the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
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Arráiz N, Salazar L, López G, Rodríguez R, Casart Y, Takiff H. [Characterization of the expression and function of SigM an ECF sigma factor in mycobacteria]. Acta Cient Venez 2002; 52 Suppl 1:40-1. [PMID: 11899704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The survival of M. tuberculosis within the macrophage depends on its ability to respond to oxidative stress, and the ECF subfamily of sigma factors likely play an important role. We studied SigM, a sigma factor whose gene is located near the origin of DNA replication. In both M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG, the expression of sigM was induced at high temperature and in stationary phase. Mutants of M. smegmatis without an intact sigM were defective for survival in oxidative stress and also for the induction of thioredoxin reductase activity in oxidative stress. The thioredoxin system reduces disulfide bonds that are formed in oxidative stress. SigM thus appears to regulate thioredoxins and forms part of the bacteria's complex protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arráiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
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Takiff H, Heifets L. In search of rapid diagnosis and drug-resistance detection tools: is the FASTPlaqueTB test the answer? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6:560-1. [PMID: 12102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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43
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Montero C, Mateu G, Rodriguez R, Takiff H. Intrinsic resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis to fluoroquinolones may be influenced by new pentapeptide protein MfpA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:3387-92. [PMID: 11709313 PMCID: PMC90842 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.12.3387-3392.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluoroquinolones (FQ) are used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the development of resistance could limit their effectiveness. FQ resistance (FQ(R)) is a multistep process involving alterations in the type II topoisomerases and perhaps in the regulation of efflux pumps, but several of the steps remain unidentified. Recombinant plasmid pGADIV was selected from a genomic library of wild-type (WT), FQ-sensitive M. smegmatis by its ability to confer low-level resistance to sparfloxacin (SPX). In WT M. smegmatis, pGADIV increased the MICs of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by fourfold and of SPX by eightfold, and in M. bovis BCG it increased the MICs of both CIP and SPX by fourfold. It had no effect on the accumulation of (14)C-labeled CIP or SPX. The open reading frame responsible for the increase in FQ(R), mfpA, encodes a putative protein belonging to the family of pentapeptides, in which almost every fifth amino acid is either leucine or phenylalanine. Very similar proteins are also present in M. tuberculosis and M. avium. The MICs of CIP and SPX were lower for an M. smegmatis mutant strain lacking an intact mfpA gene than for the WT strain, suggesting that, by some unknown mechanism, the gene product plays a role in determining the innate level of FQ(R) in M. smegmatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montero
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
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44
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Caminero JA, Pena MJ, Campos-Herrero MI, Rodríguez JC, García I, Cabrera P, Lafoz C, Samper S, Takiff H, Afonso O, Pavón JM, Torres MJ, van Soolingen D, Enarson DA, Martin C. Epidemiological evidence of the spread of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain of the Beijing genotype on Gran Canaria Island. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:1165-70. [PMID: 11673204 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.7.2101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular epidemiological studies suggest that particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have an enhanced capacity to spread within a community. One strain, the Beijing genotype, has been associated with outbreaks in a number of communities throughout the world. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on M. tuberculosis isolates from 566 of the 721 patients (78.5%) diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) on Gran Canaria Island from 1993 to 1996, as well as 35% of isolates from 1991-1992 (85 strains). RFLP identification of the family of strains of the Beijing genotype was confirmed by spoligotyping. Medical records of all patients were reviewed and epidemiological links were identified. Of 566 M. tuberculosis isolates from 1993 to 1996 with RFLP available, 72% belonged to clusters. The largest contained 75 cases and was caused by a strain of the Beijing genotype that was introduced to the island in 1993. It was found in 10 patients in 1993 (5.5%), 12 in 1994 (8.1%), 18 in 1995 (16.4%), and 35 in 1996 (27.1%). Epidemiological linkage was confirmed for 68% of cases. This study has demonstrated rapid dissemination of this strain of the Beijing genotype. This genotype might play an important role in the future of the worldwide tuberculosis epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Caminero
- Service of Pneumology, Emergency Department, University General Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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45
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Romano E, Cesari I, Escalante A, Liprandi F, O'Daly JA, Perez H, Takiff H. Overview of some biomedical research projects in tropical medicine conducted at the Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 95 Suppl 1:33-40. [PMID: 11142721 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC) is a government-funded multidisciplinary academic institution dedicated to research, development and technology in many areas of knowledge. Biomedical projects and publications comprise about 40% of the total at IVIC. In this article, we present an overview of some selected research and development projects conducted at IVIC which we believe contain new and important aspects related to malaria, ancylostomiasis, dengue fever, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis. Other projects considered of interest in the general area of tropical medicine are briefly described. This article was prepared as a small contribution to honor and commemorate the centenary of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Romano
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
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46
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Sander P, De Rossi E, Böddinghaus B, Cantoni R, Branzoni M, Böttger EC, Takiff H, Rodriquez R, Lopez G, Riccardi G. Contribution of the multidrug efflux pump LfrA to innate mycobacterial drug resistance. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 193:19-23. [PMID: 11094273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria has been associated with efflux pumps that export structurally unrelated compounds and decrease cytoplasmic drug accumulation. To investigate MDR in mycobacteria, we studied the Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant mc(2)11, which is resistant to doxorubicin, tetracycline, rhodamine, ethidium bromide and the hydrophilic fluoroquinolones. A genomic library constructed from this mutant was used to select clones conferring resistance to doxorubicin. Surprisingly, the clone selected encodes the efflux pump LfrA, which has been reported to confer resistance to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones, ethidium bromide, rhodamine, and acriflavine. To define the contribution of LfrA to the innate mycobacterial drug resistance and to the MDR phenotype in mc(2)11, the lfrA gene was disrupted in both the mc(2)11 mutant and the mc(2)155 wild-type parent. LfrA disruption of the wild-type strain decreased resistance to ethidium bromide and acriflavine, and increased accumulation of ethidium bromide. However, disruption of lfrA gene results only in a 2-fold decrease in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ciprofloxacin, doxorubicin, rhodamine, and accumulation of [(14)C]ciprofloxacin was unchanged. LfrA disruption of the MDR strain mc(2)11 produced a similar phenotype. Thus, LfrA contributes significantly to the intrinsic MICs of M. smegmatis for ethidium bromide and acriflavine, but not for ciprofloxacin, doxorubicin or rhodamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
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Gaglio PJ, Regenstein F, Slakey D, Cheng S, Takiff H, Rinker R, Dick D, Thung SN. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and splenic artery aneurysm rupture: an association? Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1531-4. [PMID: 10894591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theoretically, patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency may be vulnerable to the development of splenic artery aneurysms. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can induce cirrhosis with portal hypertension, and resulting protease-antiprotease imbalances may exaggerate arterial wall weakness due to proteolysis of arterial structural proteins. A splenic artery aneurysm rupture 7 days after liver transplantation provoked a reassessment of the incidence of this phenomenon in a liver transplant population. METHODS Case records from three institutions and the results of a survey sent to 126 liver transplantation programs in the United Network for Organ Sharing database were reviewed. The incidence of splenic artery aneurysm rupture in the peritransplantation period, etiology of liver disease associated with this phenomenon, and recommendations regarding management of splenic artery aneurysms was assessed. RESULTS Twenty-one cases of splenic artery aneurysm rupture were identified. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency was the most common cause of cirrhosis in the majority of identified patients who presented with splenic artery aneurysm rupture, which was associated with a mortality rate of 57%. Respondents to the survey indicated that a preoperative evaluation was warranted if a splenic artery aneurysm was suspected; however, no consensus regarding management exists. CONCLUSIONS The presence and risk of rupture of splenic artery aneurysms may be greater in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. If identified before rupture, an aggressive approach to diagnosing and treating these aneurysms should be initiated. At present, no consensus exists regarding the management of splenic artery aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Gaglio
- Division of Transplantation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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48
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Rowland B, Purkayastha A, Monserrat C, Casart Y, Takiff H, McDonough KA. Fluorescence-based detection of lacZ reporter gene expression in intact and viable bacteria including Mycobacterium species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 179:317-25. [PMID: 10518732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of fluorescein di-beta-D-galactopyranoside (FDG)-based substrates were evaluated for measuring beta-galactosidase expression in bacteria. One substrate, 5-acetylamino-FDG (C2FDG), performed well in all bacteria tested, including the slow growing mycobacterium, Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The sensitivity of C2FDG in intact, viable BCG was similar to that of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside in cell lysates when used to measure lacZ reporter gene activity. C2FDG was approximately 70-fold more sensitive than green fluorescent protein (GFP) in BCG when assayed in a fluorescence plate reader, and comparable to GFP when measured by flow cytometry. These assays provide an important new alternative for the rapid measurement of reporter gene expression in viable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rowland
- David Axelrod Institute, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 22002, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava during fetal life and subsequently closes rapidly after birth. It is known as patent ductus venosus when it remains patent in adulthood. PATIENTS A 43 year old man with a history of panhypopituitarism presented with recurrent bouts of pedal oedema associated with fatigue, hypoalbuminaemia, and elevated prothrombin time. An ultrasound examination of his abdomen with Doppler revealed notable attenuation of the main portal vein with diminished intrahepatic branches; a computed tomography scan with angiography revealed a large collateral vein within the liver consistent with a patent ductus venosus. Sequential liver biopsies showed a considerable reduction in the calibre and number of the portal veins. His younger brother, who was diagnosed with alcohol related cirrhosis, suffered from intermittent bouts of encephalopathy and was found to have the same vascular lesion. A third brother was found to have a patent ductus venosus as well as two large hepatic masses consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia. CONCLUSION The syndrome of familial patent ductus venosus has only previously been described in three infant brothers who presented with hepatic encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the liver. This report documents three brothers with a patent ductus venosus presenting in adulthood with different manifestations of liver disease. The presence of the same vascular anomaly in three brothers is highly suggestive of a recessive genetic trait with an anatomical manifestation of patent ductus venosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jacob
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, 1520 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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50
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Takiff H, Regenstein F, Cheng SS, Blazek J, Kesler E, Dick D. Liver transplantation: perspectives after 250 liver transplants at the Ochsner Clinic. J La State Med Soc 1997; 149:234-8. [PMID: 9231625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
At the Ochsner Clinic we recently performed our 250th liver transplant. Reaching this milestone has led us to reflect back on the history of liver transplant, both at our own institution and nationally, noting the many achievements and improvements in liver transplantation during the relatively brief history of this therapeutic modality. Furthermore, there are a number of issues both medical and political which will likely be affecting how liver transplantation is performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takiff
- Ochsner Clinic Dept of Transplantation, New Oreleans, La., USA
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