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Yazlık MO, Müştak İB, Özkan H, Vural SA, Kaya U, Özöner Ö, Mutluer İ, Altınbaş YF, Soylu MS, Vural MR. The presence of virulence factor genes downregulates uterine AQP3 and alters glutathione peroxidase activity and uterine histopathology in canine pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14615. [PMID: 38798181 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate the role of virulence factor genes (papG, cnf1 and hylA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of virulence genes were performed Escherichia coli (E. coli) detected in uterine swab samples. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence (VF+, n:14) or absence (VF-, n:7) of the virulence factor genes papG, cnf1 and hylA. Blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity, uterine histopathologic analysis and AQP3, ESR1, PGR, OXTR gene expressions were determined in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin, whereas resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincomycin. None of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. E. coli isolates had at least one virulence gene. The most prevalent gene was fimH (100%), followed by fyuA (95.8%), usp (83.3%), sfa (75%), cnf1 and hlyA (70.8%) genes. Blood GPx activity was greater in VF+ animals. On the other hand, uterine tissue GPx activity was lower in VF+ group compared to the control group. Expression levels of AQP3 were upregulated more than fivefold in VF-dogs compared to the control group. In addition, AQP3 expression levels were found approximately threefold higher in VF (-) than VF (+) group (p < .05). Varying degree of inflammation noted for all animals with pyometra, but the presence of bacteria noted only in VF+ animals. In conclusion, the presence of virulence factor genes does not play a role in the histopathological degree of inflammation, the presence of bacteria was found to vary. Serum GPx activity increased in VF+ animals. While the hormone receptor expressions were similar, AQP expression was upregulated in the absence of virulence factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Onur Yazlık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Başak Müştak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Sevil Atalay Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özöner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - İpek Mutluer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Furkan Altınbaş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Miray Sevde Soylu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Vural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Pilch H, Aulik N, Sockett D, Czuprynski CJ. Survival of bovine-associated serotypes of Salmonella enterica in bedding sand. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 4:86-90. [PMID: 36974218 PMCID: PMC10039248 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cattle persistently infected with bovine-adapted serotypes of Salmonella enterica are an important animal health and food safety issue. One possible mechanism by which infection is sustained in a dairy herd is by survival of Salmonella in sand used as bedding material. In this study we assessed the survival of 107 to 108 cfu bovine-associated serotypes of Salmonella enterica (sv. Cerro, Dublin, and Heidelberg) in sterile sand, recycled bedding sand, and gray water collected from a Wisconsin dairy farm. All 3 serotypes persisted at relatively high numbers (>106 cfu/g) for at least 28 d in sterile sand, with Salmonella sv. Dublin decreasing less than 1 log10 over 70 d. To our surprise, when low numbers of Salmonella sv. Dublin (103 cfu) were inoculated into sterile sand, the organism multiplied within 3 d to approximately 106 cfu/g sand and persisted at that level for 28 d. When we inoculated Salmonella sv. Dublin into recycled bedding sand or sand taken directly from cow pens, we observed a significant decrease in colony-forming units by d 7. In contrast, we observed a significant increase in colony-forming units when Salmonella sv. Dublin was inoculated into gray water from the sand recycling system. These data demonstrate that Salmonella can persist for extended periods of time in bedding sand, although this is limited to some extent by the native microbiota in recycled bedding sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pilch
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Nicole Aulik
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Donald Sockett
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Charles J. Czuprynski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
- Food Research Institute, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
- Corresponding author
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Genotypic correlation between Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from broiler breeders and hatchery flocks. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from dust and environmental materials from different flocks located in Turkey’s Western Black Sea region were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 59 S. Enteritidis strains isolated from broiler breeder and hatchery flocks, and one S. Enteritidis strain isolated from a stool sample of a farm worker were examined. PFGE analysis revealed two major PFGE groups and nine different macro restriction profiles. It was determined that 85% (51/60) of the strains were close to each other and comprised Group I. All S. Enteritidis strains had the same sequence type (ST): ST11. Isolation of strains with a single genotype suggests that there may be a cross transmission between the flocks.
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Gutema FD, Agga GE, Abdi RD, De Zutter L, Duchateau L, Gabriël S. Prevalence and Serotype Diversity of Salmonella in Apparently Healthy Cattle: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies, 2000-2017. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:102. [PMID: 31037239 PMCID: PMC6476277 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in humans with cattle being one of the reservoirs for Salmonella. We estimated a pooled prevalence of Salmonella in apparently healthy cattle and examined serotype diversity through systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2017. Peer reviewed publications reporting the prevalence of Salmonella in cattle were searched through five electronic databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Agricola, Scopus, CAB direct) and through manual search. We obtained 71 publications with 75 datasets consisting a total of 52,766 animals examined and 5,010 Salmonella positive cattle from 29 countries in six continents (except from Antarctica). Pooled prevalence of Salmonella in cattle was 9% (95% confidence interval: 7-11%). Significantly high heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.7%, P < 0.01) was observed among all studies as well as within continents. Prevalence varied from 2% (Europe) to 16% (North America). Overall, 143 different serotypes were reported with the most diverse serotypes being reported from Africa (76 different serotypes) followed by North America (49 serotypes). The 10 most frequently reported serotypes (Montevideo, Typhimurium, Kentucky, Meleagridis, Anatum, Cerro, Mbandaka, Muenster, Newport, and Senftenberg) accounted for 65% of the isolates for which specific serotype information was reported. Salmonella Montevideo and S. Dublin are the most frequently reported serotypes in North America and Europe, respectively, while S. Typhimurium was the most frequent in Africa, Asia and Australasia. Our results indicated variability both in the prevalence and serotype diversity of Salmonella in cattle across continents. Although all Salmonella serotypes are potentially pathogenic to humans, five (Montevideo, Typhimurium, Anatum, Mbandaka, and Newport) of the top 10 serotypes identified in this study are among the serotypes most commonly associated with clinical illnesses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanta D. Gutema
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Getahun E. Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bowling Green, KY, United States
| | - Reta D. Abdi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Greenvale, NY, United States
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Kumar Y, Mani KR, Tahlan AK. Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) Profiling, Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Trop Life Sci Res 2019; 30:57-71. [PMID: 30847033 PMCID: PMC6396889 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of countries, including developed countries, still have typhoid fever as a major problem resulting in frequent outbreaks. The importance of controlling spread of typhoid fever is well known and necessitates periodic studies to delineate epidemiological relationships. Although phage typing remains to be the preferred conventional method for characterisation of typhoid bacilli, it is of limited use due to prevalence of few predominant phage types in the country like India. Therefore, an effort has been made to assess three molecular methods [Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) Profiling, Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)] for typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. 128 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates were identified using biotyping and serotyping followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. These isolates were further subjected to OMP analysis, RAPD and PFGE. PFGE (114 unique clusters) was found to be the most discriminatory method followed by RAPD (94 unique clusters) and OMP profiling (50 unique clusters). Multidrug resistant strains were well discriminated by all three methods used in the study. PFGE still remains the most preferred method for detailed epidemiological investigations. However, random amplification of polymorphic DNA and outer membrane protein profiling can also be considered for molecular discrimination of the isolates in the laboratories lacking high-end facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Kumar
- National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli-173204, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kavaratty Raju Mani
- National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli-173204, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Tahlan
- National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli-173204, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Elgroud R, Granier SA, Marault M, Kerouanton A, Lezzar A, Bouzitouna-Bentchouala C, Brisabois A, Millemann Y. Contribution of Avian Salmonella enterica Isolates to Human Salmonellosis Cases in Constantine (Algeria). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:352029. [PMID: 26543858 PMCID: PMC4620278 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological investigation was carried out on one hundred Salmonella isolates from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and human patients in the Constantine region of Algeria, in order to explore the contribution of avian strains to human salmonellosis cases in this region over the same period of time. The isolates were characterized by phenotypic as well as genotypic methods. A large variety of antimicrobial resistance profiles was found among human isolates, while only seven profiles were found among avian isolates. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), Insertion Sequence 200-PCR (IS200-PCR), and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in the allocation of the isolates to 16, 20, and 34 different profiles, respectively. The 3 genotyping methods led to complementary results by underlining the clonality of some serovars with the diffusion and persistence of a single clone in the Constantine area as well as stressing the polymorphism present in isolates belonging to other serovars, indicating the diversity of potential reservoirs of nontyphoidal Salmonella. Altogether, our results seem to indicate that nontyphoidal avian Salmonella may play an important role in human salmonellosis in the Constantine region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Elgroud
- Laboratory of Health Management and Animal Production, Veterinary Sciences Department, Constantine Mentouri University, Constantine, Algeria ; Alfort National Veterinary School, Paris-Est University, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Sophie A Granier
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Marault
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Anses Ploufragan Laboratory, European University of Brittany, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Abdesslem Lezzar
- Service de Microbiologie-Bactériologie, C.H.U. Ibn Badis, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Anne Brisabois
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Yves Millemann
- Alfort National Veterinary School, Paris-Est University, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France ; Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Paris-Est University, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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7
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Cosby DE, Cox NA, Harrison MA, Wilson JL, Buhr RJ, Fedorka-Cray PJ. Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in broilers: A review. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Hashemi A, Baghbani-Arani F. The effective differentiation of Salmonella isolates using four PCR-based typing methods. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1530-40. [PMID: 25809397 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Discrimination of Salmonella strains below the species level is very important to trace the source of outbreaks. To this end molecular typing methods can be successfully applied to routine analysis in nonspecialized laboratories due to their simplicity and speed. Here, the discriminatory ability of four molecular typing methods was investigated in 74 Salmonella enterica isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Salmonella strains isolated from human stool, blood, bone marrow, synovial fluid, ascites and urine sources in Iran during the years 2012 and 2013 were differentiated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and BOX repeat-based (BOXAIR) PCR methods. A total of 74 isolates were obtained, with 67 isolates belonging to eight serotypes/serogroups, while seven were nontypeable. The 74 strains produced 32 fingerprints with OPS-11 primers, 44 RAPD fingerprints using OPP-16 primers and 54 fingerprints with P1254 primers; their discriminatory index (DI) was 0·942, 0·978, and 0·984 respectively. BOXAIR fingerprinting produced 49 patterns (DI 0·985), while REP resulted in 55 patterns (DI 0·991) and ERIC in 48 fingerprints (DI 0·983). The discrimination of Salmonella isolates was improved when methods were combined. The combination of ERIC, REP and BOXAIR as well as the combination of BOXAIR with ERIC or REP could differentiate all 74 investigated Salmonella strains. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of RAPD and ERIC fingerprinting offers an excellent means of differentiating Salmonella strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The discrimination power of Salmonella molecular typing by combination of ERIC, REP and BOXAIR methods, or by combination of BOXAIR with ERIC or REP, is sufficient to determine genetic relationships for epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Baghbani-Arani
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Nath G, Maurya P, Gulati AK. ERIC PCR and RAPD based fingerprinting of Salmonella Typhi strains isolated over a period of two decades. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:530-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kumar R, Surendran PK, Thampuran N. Distribution and genotypic characterization of Salmonella serovars isolated from tropical seafood of Cochin, India. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 106:515-24. [PMID: 19200318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the distribution of Salmonella serovars in seafood and to examine the intraserovar genetic variations in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Rissen and Salmonella Weltevreden by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR methods. METHOD AND RESULTS A total of 417 seafood samples collected over 2003-2006 from fishing harbours and fish markets of Cochin (India) was studied for presence of Salmonella serovars. Seafood samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella by Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Food & Drug Administration (USFDA) method. The study indicated that 23.2% of the seafood samples were positive for Salmonella and a total of 241 Salmonella isolates comprising of 27 different serovars were isolated from seafood. S. Weltevreden, Salmonella Rissen, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Derby were found to be the most predominant serovars in seafood. PCR-ribotypes and ERIC-PCR profiles showed multiple genotypic profiles for S. Rissen and S. Weltevreden in seafood and the level of discrimination indices obtained was at 0.974 for S. Rissen and 0.988 for S. Weltevreden, respectively. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the major Salmonella serovars in the seafood of Cochin (India) and molecular fingerprinting pattern revealed genetic variation among S. Rissen and S. Weltevreden. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Widespread occurrence of Salmonella contamination in seafood and multiple clones of S. Rissen and S. Weltevreden detected in seafood, thus, indicated the diverse routes of Salmonella contamination in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Microbiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India.
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Gan E, Smooker PM, Coloe PJ. Molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia in Australia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive element PCR typing. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 109:292-303. [PMID: 20070444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we used two molecular fingerprinting methods to investigate the genetic and clonal relationship shared by Australian Salmonella Sofia isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 84 Australian Salm. Sofia isolates from various states in Australia were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (XbaI and SpeI) and repetitive element PCR (REP1R-I primer). The previous problem of DNA degradation of Salm. Sofia strains was solved by modifying the lysis solution used to treat the bacterial plugs, allowing Salm. Sofia to be subtyped using PFGE. Molecular typing of isolates resulted in the generation of eight XbaI, six SpeI and five REP1 pattern profiles. Individual typing methods showed low discrimination index values (<0·5), indicating the poor discriminatory ability of the methods. However, the combination of the typing methods was able to improve the discrimination of isolates, further dividing them into 16 subtypes and raising the index value to 0·721. CONCLUSIONS The combination of typing methods was shown to be the best approach to fingerprint Salm. Sofia. The Australian Salm. Sofia isolates only showed limited genetic diversity and probably share a clonal relationship. A majority of the Salm. Sofia isolates were not geographically restricted with the predominant pattern subtype observed amongst the isolates from various states. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We have successfully devised a PFGE protocol that counteracts DNase activity of Salm. Sofia, enabling typing of this serovar.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gan
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University (Bundoora West), Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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Rice WC. Evaluation of genome-derived amplicon length polymorphism PCR primers for the genetic evaluation of related strains of Salmonella. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 47:158-66. [PMID: 19552779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The intent of this study is to exploit both the genetic diversity and conservation demonstrated between the Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhi CT18 and Salm. enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 genomes by utilizing amplicon length polymorphism (ALP) to detect and differentiate various Salmonella strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Methods of ALP-PCR analysis were developed based on identifying DNA sequence deletions within highly homologous regions of the Salm. Typhi CT18 and Salm. Typhimurium LT2 genomes. This study describes the application of genome-based ALP-PCR using primer pairs designed to detect genomic differences present within both Salmonella genomes and evaluated against a reference set of Salmonella strains. CONCLUSIONS This study defines a collection of primer sequences broadly distributed along the Salmonella genome that can differentiate various Salmonella strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Genome-based ALP-PCR provides a useful and powerful analytical method to evaluate variability within a group of Salmonella strains independent of serological, phenotypic or other molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Rice
- USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX 79012-0010, USA.
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13
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Lee MF, Chen YH, Peng CF. Molecular characterisation of class 1 integrons in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from southern Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Kumar R, Surendran PK, Thampuran N. Molecular fingerprinting of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica derby isolated from tropical seafood in South India. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 40:95-100. [PMID: 18480975 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Derby strains isolated from different seafood were genotyped by PCR-ribotyping and ERIC-PCR assays. This study has ascertained the genetic relatedness among serovars prevalent in tropical seafood. PCR-ribotyping exhibited genetic variation in both Salmonella serovars, and ribotype profile (II) was most predominant, which was observed in 10/18 of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium and 7/17 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Derby isolates. Cluster analysis of ERIC-PCR for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium strains exhibited nine different banding patterns and four strains showed >95% genetic homology within the cluster pairs. ERIC-PCR produced more genetic variations in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium; nevertheless, both methods were found to be comparable for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Derby isolates. Discrimination index of PCR-ribotyping for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium isolates was obtained at 0.674 and index value 0.714 was observed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Derby strains. Molecular fingerprinting investigation highlighted the hypothesis of diverse routes of Salmonella contamination in seafood as multiple clones of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Derby were detected in same or different seafood throughout the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 682 029, India.
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Foley SL, Zhao S, Walker RD. Comparison of molecular typing methods for the differentiation of Salmonella foodborne pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2007; 4:253-76. [PMID: 17883310 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Salmonella are among the leading causes of foodborne disease of bacterial etiology. These bacteria are also widely disseminated throughout the animal kingdom. The ability to identify the food source from which a human pathogen originated would be of great value in reducing the incidence of foodborne disease and the extent of disease outbreaks due to Salmonella. To date, efforts to identify the origin of these pathogens have centered on phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella isolates. This review focuses molecular or genotypic techniques that are currently being used for typing, and examines their strengths and weaknesses for determining the source of Salmonella foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Foley
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA.
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Foley SL, White DG, McDermott PF, Walker RD, Rhodes B, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Simjee S, Zhao S. Comparison of subtyping methods for differentiating Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates obtained from food animal sources. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3569-77. [PMID: 17021084 PMCID: PMC1594788 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00745-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization (e.g., DNA-based typing methods) of Salmonella isolates is frequently employed to compare and distinguish clinical isolates recovered from animals and from patients with food-borne disease and nosocomial infections. In this study, we compared the abilities of different phenotyping and genotyping methods to distinguish isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from different food animal sources. One hundred twenty-eight S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains isolated from cattle, pigs, chickens, and turkeys or derived food products were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive element PCR (Rep-PCR), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), plasmid profiling, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among the 128 Salmonella isolates tested, we observed 84 Rep-PCR profiles, 86 PFGE patterns, 89 MLST patterns, 36 plasmid profiles, and 38 susceptibility profiles. The molecular typing methods, i.e., PFGE, MLST, and Rep-PCR, demonstrated the best discriminatory power among Salmonella isolates. However, no apparent correlation was evident between the results of one molecular typing method and those of the others, suggesting that a combination of multiple methods is needed to differentiate S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates that genetically cluster according to one particular typing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Foley
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
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17
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PALMGREN H, ASPÁN A, BROMAN T, BENGTSSON K, BLOMQUIST L, BERGSTRÖM S, SELLIN M, WOLLIN R, OLSEN B. Salmonella in Black-headed gulls ( Larus ridibundus); prevalence, genotypes and influence on Salmonella epidemiology. Epidemiol Infect 2005; 134:635-44. [PMID: 16238820 PMCID: PMC2870416 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268805005261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During a period of 3 years, 1998-2000, 1047 faecal swabs from Black-headed gulls were sampled at one location in Southern Sweden. Salmonella spp. was found in 28 individuals (2.7%) and the dominating serotype found was S. Typhimurium (83%). Twenty-five per cent of the Salmonella-infected gulls were later recaptured and re-sampled. We found that Salmonella infection in Black-headed gulls was of short duration, and that infection in this bird species was predominantly expressed as carriage without disease manifestations. All S. Typhimurium isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance profiling and molecular characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and IS200 polymerase chain reaction. The S. Typhimurium gull isolates were compared to human and domestic animal isolates of the same serotype and phage type. We found genetic relatedness of S. Typhimurium DT195 isolates from gulls, domestic animals and humans, indicating that Black-headed gulls might play a role in the spread of S. Typhimurium in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. PALMGREN
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A. ASPÁN
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. BROMAN
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - S. BERGSTRÖM
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M. SELLIN
- Department of Bacteriology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R. WOLLIN
- Swedish Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - B. OLSEN
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Section for Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Author for correspondence: Professor B. Olsen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden. ()
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18
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is widespread. Overuse or misuse of antimicrobial agents in veterinary and human medicine is responsible for increasing the crisis of resistance to antimicrobial agents. The American Academy of Pediatrics, in conjunction with the US Public Health Service, has begun to address this problem by disseminating policies on the judicious use of antimicrobial agents in humans. Between 40% and 80% of the antimicrobial agents used in the United States each year are used in food animals; many are identical or very similar to drugs used in humans. Most of this use involves the addition of low doses of antimicrobial agents to the feed of healthy animals over prolonged periods to promote growth and increase feed efficiency or at a range of doses to prevent disease. These nontherapeutic uses contribute to resistance and create health dangers for humans. This report will describe how antimicrobial agents are used in animal agriculture and review the mechanisms by which such uses contribute to resistance in human pathogens. Although therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents in agriculture clearly contributes to the development of resistance, this report will concentrate on nontherapeutic uses in healthy animals.
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Geimba MP, Tondo EC, de Oliveira FA, Canal CW, Brandelli A. Serological characterization and prevalence of spvR genes in Salmonella isolated from foods involved in outbreaks in Brazil. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1229-33. [PMID: 15222555 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella strains (n = 75) isolated from foods involved in foodborne outbreaks occurred in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during 1999 and 2000 were studied. Strains were serotyped and submitted to PCR analysis to verify the prevalence of Salmonella plasmid virulence (spvR) regulatory gene. Among the 75 isolates, 73 (97%) were classified as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. All of the Salmonella strains isolated in 1999 were classified as serotype Enteritidis, whereas in 2000 two isolates were serotyped as Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Typhimurium. Regarding the prevalence of spvR gene, 62 strains (82.7%) were PCR positive, and a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and the presence of spvR gene was demonstrated, which suggests that this gene is a characteristic of the Salmonella Enteritidis analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes P Geimba
- Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, prédio 12A, Cep 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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Winfield MD, Groisman EA. Role of nonhost environments in the lifestyles of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:3687-94. [PMID: 12839733 PMCID: PMC165204 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.7.3687-3694.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mollie D Winfield
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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21
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Beach JC, Murano EA, Acuff GR. Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in beef cattle from transport to slaughter. J Food Prot 2002; 65:1687-93. [PMID: 12430687 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.11.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of typical production practices during the transport of cattle on the resulting incidence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the feces, on the hides, and on the carcasses of these cattle and in the environment (trucks, holding pens, and knock boxes). Various factors were evaluated, including the type of animal (feedlot cattle vs. adult pasture cattle), the breed of cattle, the body condition of the animal, the age of the animal, the time of feed and water withdrawal, the contamination level of the transport vehicle at the feedlot or farm, the transport time, the time cattle were held in the holding pen at the plant, and the contamination level of the holding pen. Four groups of each type of animal were sampled on different days. Samples were collected from cattle prior to transport and after transport (rectal and hide swabs) as well as from the carcasses of these cattle. Pre- and posttransit samples were also taken from the transport vehicle and from the holding pen and knock box at the slaughter facility. For feedlot cattle, fecal shedding stayed fairly constant for both organisms before and after transport (3 to 5% for Salmonella and 64 to 68% for Campylobacter). However, the shedding rate for adult cattle increased from 1 to 21% for Salmonella but stayed constant for Campylobacter (6 to 7%). Contamination of hides with Salmonella increased for both animal types from a level of 18 to 20% to a level 50 to 56%. For Campylobacter, the contamination level decreased from 25 to 13% for feedlot cattle but remained unchanged for adult animals (1 to 2%). Nineteen percent of feedlot cattle carcasses and 54% of adult cattle carcasses tested positive for Salmonella, while only2% of feedlot cattle carcasses and none of the adult cattle carcasses tested positive for Campylobacter. Thus, for feedlot cattle, the factors considered in this study did not affect the shedding of either organism but did affect the contamination of hides with both. For adult animals, the factors increased both shedding of and hide contamination with Salmonella only, not Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Beach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471, USA
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Beach JC, Murano EA, Acuff GR. Serotyping and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella in feedlot and nonfeedlot beef cattle. J Food Prot 2002; 65:1694-9. [PMID: 12430688 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.11.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As part of a larger study to assess risk factors associated with hide and carcass contamination of beef cattle during transport to slaughter, a total of 281 salmonellae were isolated from 1,050 rectal, hide, carcass, and environmental samples. For feedlot cattle, salmonellae were recovered from 4.0% of rectal samples, 37.5% of hide samples, 19.0% of carcass samples, and 47.4% of environmental samples. For nonfeedlot cattle, salmonellae were recovered from 10.9% of rectal samples, 37.5% of hide samples, 54.2% of carcass samples, and 50.0% of environmental samples. Overall, the five serotypes most commonly associated with feedlot cattle and their environment were Salmonella Anatum (18.3% of the isolates), Salmonella Kentucky (17.5%), Salmonella Montevideo (9.2%), Salmonella Senftenberg (8.3%), and Salmonella Mbandaka (7.5%). The five serotypes most commonly associated with nonfeedlot cattle and their environment were Salmonella Kentucky (35.4%), Salmonella Montevideo (21.7%). Salmonella Cerro (7.5%), Salmonella Anatum (6.8%), and Salmonella Mbandaka (5.0%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all of the isolates associated with feedlot cattle revealed that 21.7% were resistant to tetracycline, compared with 11.2% of the isolates associated with nonfeedlot cattle. None of the other isolates from feedlot cattle were resistant to any of other antimicrobial agents tested, whereas 6.2% of nonfeedlot cattle isolates were resistant to more than four of the antimicrobial agents tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Beach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471, USA
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Liebana E. Molecular tools for epidemiological investigations of S. enterica subspecies enterica infections. Res Vet Sci 2002; 72:169-75. [PMID: 12076110 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2001.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella infection is one of the most prevalent reported food-borne diseases in industrialised countries, most often associated with eating contaminated eggs, poultry and pork. Traditionally, epidemiological investigations for Salmonella enterica have been based on phenotypic characteristics. However, the predominance of certain phenotypes within hosts or locations makes further epidemiological subgrouping necessary. The combination of conventional and molecular epidemiology data is yielding important insights into the understanding of the epidemiology of many infectious diseases, although at present there is no consensus on which molecular method is best suited for intraserotype differentiation within S. enterica. This paper reviews the current methodology for some of the most prevalent animal and human-associated serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liebana
- Department of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
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Abstract
As the number of completed genome sequences increases, there is increasing emphasis on comparative genomic analysis of closely related organisms. Comparison of the similarities and differences between the five publicly available Salmonella genome sequences reveals extensive sequence conservation among the Salmonella serovars. However, horizontal gene transfer has provided each genome with between 10% and 12% of unique DNA. Genome comparisons of the closely related salmonellae emphasize the insights that can be gleaned from sequencing genomes of a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Edwards
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, MSB 101 858 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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