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Becker K. Detection, Identification and Diagnostic Characterization of the Staphylococcal Small Colony-Variant (SCV) Phenotype. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1446. [PMID: 37760742 PMCID: PMC10525764 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While modern molecular methods have decisively accelerated and improved microbiological diagnostics, phenotypic variants still pose a challenge for their detection, identification and characterization. This particularly applies if they are unstable and hard to detect, which is the case for the small-colony-variant (SCV) phenotype formed by staphylococci. On solid agar media, staphylococcal SCVs are characterized by tiny colonies with deviant colony morphology. Their reduced growth rate and fundamental metabolic changes are the result of their adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle, regularly leading to specific auxotrophies, such as for menadione, hemin or thymidine. These alterations make SCVs difficult to recognize and render physiological, biochemical and other growth-based methods such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing unreliable or unusable. Therefore, diagnostic procedures require prolonged incubation times and, if possible, confirmation by molecular methods. A special approach is needed for auxotrophy testing. However, standardized protocols for SCV diagnostics are missing. If available, SCVs and their putative parental isolates should be genotyped to determine clonality. Since their detection has significant implications for the treatment of the infection, which is usually chronic and relapsing, SCV findings should be specifically reported, commented on, and managed in close collaboration with the microbiological laboratory and the involved clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße 1, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Volokhov DV, Zagorodnyaya TA, Furtak VA, Nattanmai G, Randall L, Jose S, Gao Y, Eisenberg T, Delmonte P, Blom J, Mitchell KK. Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov., Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov., isolated from faeces of eastern grey squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37578899 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One novel Streptococcus strain (SQ9-PEAT) and two novel Staphylococcus strains (SQ8-PEAT and GRT3T) were isolated from faeces of a wild eastern grey squirrel. The strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-positive cocci, facultative anaerobes. The genomes for these strains were sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene and core-genome-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strain SQ9-PEAT was closely related to Streptococcus hyointestinalis, strain SQ8-PEAT to Staphylococcus pettenkoferi and Staphylococcus argensis, and strain GRT3T to Staphylococcus rostri, Staphylococcus muscae and Staphylococcus microti. Average nucleotide identity and pairwise digital DNA-DNA hybridization values calculated for these novel strains compared to type strain genomes of phylogenetically related species within the genera Streptococcus and Staphylococcus clearly revealed that strain SQ9-PEAT represents a novel species of the genus Streptococcus and strains SQ8-PEAT and GRT3T represent two novel species of the genus Staphylococcus. Phenotypical features of these novel type strains differed from the features of the type strains of other phylogenetically related species. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry supported identification of these novel species. Based on these data, we propose one novel species of the genus Streptococcus, for which the name Streptococcus sciuri sp. nov. with the type strain SQ9-PEAT (=DSM 114656T=CCUG 76426T=NCTC 14727T) is proposed, and two novel species of the genus Staphylococcus, for which the names Staphylococcus marylandisciuri sp. nov. with the type strain SQ8-PEAT (=DSM 114685T=CCUG 76423T=NCTC 14723T) and Staphylococcus americanisciuri sp. nov. with the type strain GRT3T (=DSM 114696T=CCUG 76427T=NCTC 14722T) are proposed. The genome G+C contents are 38.29, 36.49 and 37.26 mol% and complete draft genome sizes are 1 692 266, 2 371 088 and 2 237 001 bp for strains SQ9-PEAT, SQ8-PEAT and GRT3T, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Volokhov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tatiana A Zagorodnyaya
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Vyacheslav A Furtak
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Geetha Nattanmai
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, the New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Linnell Randall
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, the New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Sherly Jose
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, the New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yamei Gao
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Schubertstrasse 60, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Delmonte
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kara K Mitchell
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, the New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Carroll LM, Pierneef R, Mafuna T, Magwedere K, Matle I. Genus-wide genomic characterization of Macrococcus: insights into evolution, population structure, and functional potential. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1181376. [PMID: 37547688 PMCID: PMC10400458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrococcus species have been isolated from a range of mammals and mammal-derived food products. While they are largely considered to be animal commensals, Macrococcus spp. can be opportunistic pathogens in both veterinary and human clinical settings. This study aimed to provide insight into the evolution, population structure, and functional potential of the Macrococcus genus, with an emphasis on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence potential. Methods All high-quality, publicly available Macrococcus genomes (n = 104, accessed 27 August 2022), plus six South African genomes sequenced here (two strains from bovine clinical mastitis cases and four strains from beef products), underwent taxonomic assignment (using four different approaches), AMR determinant detection (via AMRFinderPlus), and virulence factor detection (using DIAMOND and the core Virulence Factor Database). Results Overall, the 110 Macrococcus genomes were of animal commensal, veterinary clinical, food-associated (including food spoilage), and environmental origins; five genomes (4.5%) originated from human clinical cases. Notably, none of the taxonomic assignment methods produced identical results, highlighting the potential for Macrococcus species misidentifications. The most common predicted antimicrobial classes associated with AMR determinants identified across Macrococcus included macrolides, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides (n = 81, 61, and 44 of 110 genomes; 73.6, 55.5, and 40.0%, respectively). Genes showing homology to Staphylococcus aureus exoenzyme aureolysin were detected across multiple species (using 90% coverage, n = 40 and 77 genomes harboring aureolysin-like genes at 60 and 40% amino acid [AA] identity, respectively). S. aureus Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin-associated lukF-PV and lukS-PV homologs were identified in eight M. canis genomes (≥40% AA identity, >85% coverage). Using a method that delineates populations using recent gene flow (PopCOGenT), two species (M. caseolyticus and M. armenti) were composed of multiple within-species populations. Notably, M. armenti was partitioned into two populations, which differed in functional potential (e.g., one harbored beta-lactamase family, type II toxin-antitoxin system, and stress response proteins, while the other possessed a Type VII secretion system; PopCOGenT p < 0.05). Discussion Overall, this study leverages all publicly available Macrococcus genomes in addition to newly sequenced genomes from South Africa to identify genomic elements associated with AMR or virulence potential, which can be queried in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Carroll
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, SciLifeLab, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Integrated Science Lab, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rian Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Thendo Mafuna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Itumeleng Matle
- Bacteriology Division, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Adeghate JO, Yadav S, Kowalski RP, Juhász E, Kristóf K, Olsen KR, Bergren RL, Knickelbein JE, Chhablani J, Martel JN, Anetakis A, Dansingani KK, Rosin B, Gallagher DS, Prensky C, Eller AW, Friberg T, Sahel JA, Errera MH. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal endophthalmitis: clinical severity and outcomes based on speciation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023:S0008-4182(23)00175-8. [PMID: 37321555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify characteristics and visual outcomes of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) endophthalmitis in the era after the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. DESIGN Single-centre retrospective analysis. PARTICIPANTS Forty-two samples from 40 patients with documented CoNS endophthalmitis. METHODS Visual acuity outcomes of patients with CoNS endophthalmitis were assessed in relation to species and type of treatment instituted (e.g., pars plana vitrectomy [PPV] versus tap and injection of intravitreal antibiotics [T&I]). Strains were speciated using Gram and Giemsa staining and were further identified using API Staph and Biolog GEN III microplates. Genetic analysis was performed via polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed with disk diffusion. RESULTS Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent CoNS in our study. Cataract surgery and intravitreal injections were the most common sources for acute CoNS endophthalmitis. Eyes presenting with hand motion or better vision had similar mean final vision after either intravitreal antibiotics or PPV, whereas those with light perception or worse vision at onset had better outcomes after PPV only. Subanalysis showed that patients with S. epidermidis endophthalmitis (n = 39 eyes) had similar visual outcomes with either intravitreal injections or PPV regardless of visual acuity. Hypopyon and vitritis are not always present. CONCLUSIONS Patients with S. epidermidis endophthalmitis may benefit similarly from either early vitrectomy or intravitreal antibiotic injections regardless of visual acuity. This finding complements the management standards set forth by the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Adeghate
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sanya Yadav
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Regis P Kowalski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Charles T. Campbell Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Emese Juhász
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kristóf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Joseph N Martel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | | | - Boris Rosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Colin Prensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Andrew W Eller
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Thomas Friberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
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Nam-Cha SH, Ocaña AV, Pérez-Tanoira R, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Domb AJ, Ruiz-Grao MC, Cebada-Sánchez S, López-Gónzalez Á, Molina-Alarcón M, Pérez-Martínez J, Pérez-Martínez FC. Methacrylate Cationic Nanoparticles Activity against Different Gram-Positive Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030533. [PMID: 36978400 PMCID: PMC10044577 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a developing field that has boomed in recent years due to the multiple qualities of nanoparticles (NPs), one of which is their antimicrobial capacity. We propose that NPs anchored with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) have antibacterial properties and could constitute an alternative tool in this field. To this end, the antimicrobial effects of three quaternised NPs anchored with DMAEMA were studied. These NPs were later copolymerized using different methylmethacrylate (MMA) concentrations to evaluate their role in the antibacterial activity shown by NPs. Clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis and Enterococcus faecalis were used to assess antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined at the different concentrations of NPs to appraise antibacterial activity. The cytotoxic effects of the NPs anchored with DMAEMA were determined in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cultures by MTT assays. All the employed NPs were effective against the studied bacterial strains, although increasing concentrations of the MMA added during the synthesis process diminished these effects without altering toxicity in cell cultures. To conclude, more studies with other copolymers are necessary to improve the antibacterial effects of NPs anchored with DMAEMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syong H. Nam-Cha
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana V. Ocaña
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02001 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine y Biotechnology Department, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, 28054 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Marta C. Ruiz-Grao
- Department of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | | | | | - Milagros Molina-Alarcón
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02001 Albacete, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-A.); (F.C.P.-M.)
| | - Juan Pérez-Martínez
- BIOTYC Foundation, C/Blasco de Garay 27, 02003 Albacete, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco C. Pérez-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02001 Albacete, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- BIOTYC Foundation, C/Blasco de Garay 27, 02003 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-A.); (F.C.P.-M.)
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Louail R, Florin F, Bernard S, Michaud JB, Breton J, Achamrah N, Tavolacci MP, Coëffier M, Ribet D. Invasion of intestinal cells by Staphylococcus warneri, a member of the human gut microbiota. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36707889 PMCID: PMC9881306 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that colonize different types of human epithelia. These bacteria have a highly variable pathogenic potential ranging from avirulent species to major nosocomial pathogens. Staphylococcus warneri is a CoNS species considered to be nonpathogenic. Here, we identify that S. warneri is a natural member of both human and mouse gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrate that this bacterium is able to get internalized into human cells. We show that S. warneri efficiently invades several human cell types and, more specifically, intestinal epithelial cells, using actin-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to bona fide pathogens, S. warneri does not actively replicate within intestinal cells or resist killing by macrophages. Together, our results highlight that bacteria from the human gut microbiota that are not associated with a high pathogenic potential, can actively invade intestinal cells and may, in this way, impact intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Louail
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Franklin Florin
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034Univ Rouen Normandie, PRIMACEN, HeRacLeS INSERM US51 CNRS UAR2026, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michaud
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034INSERM UMR1073 – Université de Rouen, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
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Jenkins CL, Bean HD. Current Limitations of Staph Infection Diagnostics, and the Role for VOCs in Achieving Culture-Independent Detection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020181. [PMID: 36839453 PMCID: PMC9963134 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are broadly adaptable and their ability to grow in unique environments has been widely established, but the most common and clinically relevant staphylococcal niche is the skin and mucous membranes of mammals and birds. S. aureus causes severe infections in mammalian tissues and organs, with high morbidities, mortalities, and treatment costs. S. epidermidis is an important human commensal but is also capable of deadly infections. Gold-standard diagnostic methods for staph infections currently rely upon retrieval and characterization of the infectious agent through various culture-based methods. Yet, obtaining a viable bacterial sample for in vitro identification of infection etiology remains a significant barrier in clinical diagnostics. The development of volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles for the detection and identification of pathogens is an area of intensive research, with significant efforts toward establishing breath tests for infections. This review describes the limitations of existing infection diagnostics, reviews the principles and advantages of VOC-based diagnostics, summarizes the analytical tools for VOC discovery and clinical detection, and highlights examples of how VOC biomarkers have been applied to diagnosing human and animal staph infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Jenkins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Heather D. Bean
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Klempt M, Franz CMAP, Hammer P. Characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci and macrococci isolated from cheese in Germany. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7951-7958. [PMID: 35965117 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cheese, especially ripened varieties, harbor a very complex and heterogeneous microbiota. In addition to the desired microorganisms (starter cultures) added during cheese production, potentially harmful bacteria may also enter the production chain. Regarding the latter, the focus of this study was on coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Macrococcus caseolyticus. Both are known to harbor a variety of genes coding for antibiotic resistance, including mecA, mecB, mecC, and mecD. Coagulase-negative staphylococci or macrococci carrying such genes or other virulence factors should not be present in cheese. Cheese samples (101 in total) were collected from retail sources. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and M. caseolyticus were isolated utilizing selective agars, and species were identified by phenotypical tests and partial sequencing of the sodA gene. The results allowed identification of 53 CNS strains and 19 M. caseolyticus strains. Among the CNS, 11 isolates of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and one Staphylococcus epidermidis isolate were obtained. Both species are potential human pathogens and may thus adversely affect the safety of these food products. Screening for antimicrobial resistance was performed by application of disc diffusion tests, a gradient strip-test, and 14 different PCR tests. Evidence for methicillin resistance (by either positive disc diffusion assay for cefoxitin or by mec PCR) was found in CNS isolates and M. caseolyticus (9 isolates each). Regarding other virulence factors, no genetic determinants for coagulase or the most common staphylococcal enterotoxins sea, seb, sec, sed, and see were detected in any of the CNS or M. caseolyticus isolates by PCR testing. In conclusion, the presence of facultatively pathogenic CNS and carriers of genes for antibiotic resistance in both groups of microorganisms, especially mec genes, and the respective food safety issues need further evaluation and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klempt
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - C M A P Franz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - P Hammer
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
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9
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Regecová I, Výrostková J, Zigo F, Gregová G, Pipová M, Jevinová P, Becová J. Detection of Resistant and Enterotoxigenic Strains of Staphylococcus warneri Isolated from Food of Animal Origin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101496. [PMID: 35627066 PMCID: PMC9141015 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The topic of this work is the detection of antimicrobial resistance to Staphylococcus warneri strains and the genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins. It is considered a potential pathogen that can cause various—mostly inflammatory—diseases in immunosuppressed patients. The experimental part of the paper deals with the isolation of individual isolates from meat samples of Oryctolagus cuniculus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Scomber scombrus, chicken thigh, beef thigh muscle, pork thigh muscle, and bryndza cheese. In total, 45 isolates were obtained and subjected to phenotypic (plasma coagulase activity, nuclease, pigment, hemolysis, lecithinase, and lipase production) and genotypic analyses to confirm the presence of the S. warneri species. The presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins A (three isolates) and D (six isolates) was determined by PCR. Using the Miditech system, the minimum inhibitory concentration for various antibiotics or antibiotics combinations was determined, namely for ampicillin; ampicillin + sulbactam; oxacillin; cefoxitin; piperacillin + tazobactam; erythromycin; clindamycin; linezolid; rifampicin; gentamicin; teicoplanin; vancomycin; trimethoprim; chloramphenicol; tigecycline; moxifloxacin; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline; trimethoprim + sulfonamide; and nitrofurantoin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was most common (73%). At the same time, out of a total of 45 isolates, 22% of the isolates were confirmed as multi-resistant. Isolates that showed phenotypic resistance to β-lactam antibiotics were subjected to mecA gene detection by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.P.); (P.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.P.); (P.J.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-907-185-658
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Gabika Gregová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Pipová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.P.); (P.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Pavlina Jevinová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.P.); (P.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Jana Becová
- Department of Food Hygiene Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.P.); (P.J.); (J.B.)
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10
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Kong H, Jeong DW, Kim N, Lee S, Sul S, Lee JH. Safety and Technological Characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus pseudoxylosus Isolates from Fermented Soybean Foods of Korea. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:458-463. [PMID: 35001006 PMCID: PMC9628813 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the antibiotic susceptibilities, hemolytic activities, and technological properties of 36 Staphylococcus xylosus strains and 49 S. pseudoxylosus strains predominantly isolated from fermented soybean foods from Korea. Most of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. However, 23 strains exhibited potential phenotypic acquired resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline. Based on breakpoint values for staphylococci from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, >30% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G, but the population distributions in minimum inhibitory concentration tests were clearly different from those expected for acquired resistance. None of the strains exhibited clear α- or β-hemolytic activity. S. xylosus and S. pseudoxylosus exhibited salt tolerance on agar medium containing 20% and 22% (w/v) NaCl, respectively. S. xylosus and S. pseudoxylosus strains possessed protease and lipase activities, which were affected by the NaCl concentration. Protease activity of S. pseudoxylosus was strain-specific, but lipase activity might be a characteristic of both species. This study confirms the potential of both species for use in high-salt soybean fermentation, but the safety and technological properties of strains must be determined to select suitable starter candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haram Kong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Namwon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Sul
- Division of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
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11
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Arora RK, Mordan NJ, Spratt DA, Ng YL, Gulabivala K. Bacteria in the cavity-restoration interface after varying periods of clinical service - SEM description of distribution and 16S rRNA gene sequence identification of isolates. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5029-5044. [PMID: 35359188 PMCID: PMC9276561 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To use extracted human teeth with amalgam (n = 26) or GIC (n = 3) restorations in service up to 20 years to evaluate microbiota at the cavity/restoration interface by SEM or culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted teeth with intracoronal restorations (n = 20) of known history (2-20 years) were fixed, split, and prepared for SEM to ascertain the pattern and structure of bacterial aggregates on cavity and restoration surfaces. Another 9 teeth were anaerobically decontaminated, split and sampled (cavity/restorations), and cultured (anaerobically, aerobically); recovered isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS SEM showed rods, cocci, and filaments in 11/20 teeth (55%) on cavity and corresponding restoration surfaces; 4/20 (20%) on neither surface; 1/20 (5%) on just cavity; and 4/20 (20%) on just restoration. Microbial growth extended from marginal openings into the deeper interfacial microspace to varying extents but was not always evident. Restoration size or age did not predict bacterial presence. Bacteria-free surfaces (cavity/amalgam) showed possible calcification. Cultivation yielded 160 isolates, mainly Gram-positive (86%) and facultative (81%); and morphotypes of rods (43%), cocci (36%), and cocco-bacilli (18%) belonging to Actinobacteria (45%) and Firmicutes (50%). The most frequent genera were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus. Biofilms on cavity and restoration appeared independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS Cavity and amalgam surfaces were independently colonised and some not. The penetration of microbiota into marginal gaps varied; resembled root caries and was dominated by Gram-positive species. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Marginal gaps around restorations are unavoidable but are not always colonised by bacteria after long-term clinical service. Calcification of biofilms in the restorative interface may prevent further colonisation. The viable microbiota in the restorative interface resembled root caries and may be subject to ecological fluxes of activity and arrest and therefore preventative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopinder Kaur Arora
- Unit of Endodontology, Departments of Restorative Dentistry, Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Nicola J Mordan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Spratt
- Unit of Endodontology, Departments of Restorative Dentistry, Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Yuan Ling Ng
- Unit of Endodontology, Departments of Restorative Dentistry, Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Kishor Gulabivala
- Unit of Endodontology, Departments of Restorative Dentistry, Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Bloomsbury Campus, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.
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12
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Keller JE, Schwendener S, Overesch G, Perreten V. Macrococcus armenti sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the skin and nasal cavities of healthy pigs and calves. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive coccoid bacteria were isolated from the nasal cavities of pigs and calves as well as from axillar and inguinal skin regions of pigs. Phylogenetic analysis of seven strains based on complete genome, 16S rRNA, hsp60, dnaJ, rpoB and sodA gene sequences and MALDI-TOF MS profiles revealed that they belonged to the genus
Macrococcus
with the closest relatedness to
Macrococcus canis
,
Macrococcus caseolyticus
subsp.
caseolyticus
and
Macrococcus caseolyticus
subsp.
hominis
. DNA relatedness of the type strain JEK37T with the type strains of
M. canis
,
M. caseolyticus
subsp.
caseolyticus
and
M. caseolyticus
subsp.
hominis
was 23.4, 23.1 and 23.0 % by digital DNA–DNA hybridization and 80.39, 80.45 and 80.87 % by average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculations, confirming that they do not belong to the same species. The DNA G+C content of JEK37T was 35.65 mol%. The novel strains can be differentiated from
M. canis
KM 45013T by the ability to fermentate d-ribose and by the absence of DNAase production and haemolysis, from
M. caseolyticus
subsp.
caseolyticus
CCUG 15606T by the ability to fermentate sucrose and from both species by the inability to grow in 9 and 12% NaCl. They differ from M. caseolyiticus subsp. hominis by the presence of α-glucosidase. The most common fatty acids of JEK37T were C14 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c and C18 : 0. Known polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid, aminoglycolipid, aminophospholipid, glycolipid and phospholipid. Cell-wall peptidoglycan of JEK37T was of type A3α l-Lys–Gly2–L-Ser–Gly (similar to A11.3) and the respiratory quinolone was menaquinone 6. Based on their genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, these strains represent a novel species of the genus
Macrococcus
, for which we propose the name Macrococcus armenti sp. nov. The type strain is JEK37T (=DSM 112712T=CCOS 1982T).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sybille Schwendener
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Overesch
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Garbacz K, Kotłowski R, Kwapisz E. Novel staphylococci nucH taxonomical marker used in identification of human-associated Staphylococcus succinus subsp. casei. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:735-743. [PMID: 34318624 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the sequencing of unique nucH gene fragment based on performed bioinformatics analysis as a novel diagnostic method for the identification of difficult to identify staphylococcal human pathogenic strains. Initially, PCR-RFLP-rrn analysis specific to the spacers between 16SrDNA and 23SrDNA followed by HhaI restriction analysis was performed. Further, sequencing of nucH and 16S rDNA genes fragments was carried out. Blast analysis from the NCBI showed 99% similarity of nucH gene fragment with reference genomic DNA for S. succinus with the accession no. CP018199. This result was also confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA gene fragment allowed for 100% identification of two strains isolated from human samples as Staphylococus succinus subsp. casei. Sequencing of identified unique nucH gene fragment seems to be a promising diagnostic assay for the identification of Staphylococcus species. Based on our results, we can assume that probably other Staphylococcus species originated from different clinical samples could be identified using nucH gene sequencing method we developed. However, an extension of the genetic databases with a substantially bigger number of reference staphylococcal species for nucH gene is needed to make this method better than widely used standard 16S rDNA sequencing assay. To the best of our knowledge, it is the second published isolation of S. succinus subsp. casei from human clinical specimens. Moreover, possibility of decreasing the number of dimensions from multi-PCR-bands results using ribotyping analysis is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman Kotłowski
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Kwapisz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Ahle CM, Stødkilde-Jørgensen K, Poehlein A, Streit WR, Hüpeden J, Brüggemann H. Comparison of three amplicon sequencing approaches to determine staphylococcal populations on human skin. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:221. [PMID: 34320945 PMCID: PMC8320028 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococci are important members of the human skin microbiome. Many staphylococcal species and strains are commensals of the healthy skin microbiota, while few play essential roles in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. To study the involvement of staphylococci in health and disease, it is essential to determine staphylococcal populations in skin samples beyond the genus and species level. Culture-independent approaches such as amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) are time- and cost-effective options. However, their suitability depends on the power of resolution. Results Here we compare three amplicon NGS schemes that rely on different targets within the genes tuf and rpsK, designated tuf1, tuf2 and rpsK schemes. The schemes were tested on mock communities and on human skin samples. To obtain skin samples and build mock communities, skin swab samples of healthy volunteers were taken. In total, 254 staphylococcal strains were isolated and identified to the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A subset of ten strains belonging to different staphylococcal species were genome-sequenced. Two mock communities with nine and eighteen strains, respectively, as well as eight randomly selected skin samples were analysed with the three amplicon NGS methods. Our results imply that all three methods are suitable for species-level determination of staphylococcal populations. However, the novel tuf2-NGS scheme was superior in resolution power. It unambiguously allowed identification of Staphylococcus saccharolyticus and distinguish phylogenetically distinct clusters of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusions Powerful amplicon NGS approaches for the detection and relative quantification of staphylococci in human samples exist that can resolve populations to the species and, to some extent, to the subspecies level. Our study highlights strengths, weaknesses and pitfalls of three currently available amplicon NGS approaches to determine staphylococcal populations. Applied to the analysis of healthy and diseased skin, these approaches can be useful to attribute host-beneficial and -detrimental roles to skin-resident staphylococcal species and subspecies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02284-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Marie Ahle
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development, Front End Innovation, 20245, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hüpeden
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development, Front End Innovation, 20245, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Brüggemann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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15
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Romanowski JE, Nayyar SV, Romanowski EG, Jhanji V, Shanks RMQ, Kowalski RP. Speciation and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Ocular Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060721. [PMID: 34208455 PMCID: PMC8234609 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently occurring ocular opportunistic pathogens that are not easily identifiable to the species level. The goal of this study was to speciate CoNS and document antibiotic susceptibilities from cases of endophthalmitis (n = 50), keratitis (n = 50), and conjunctivitis/blepharitis (n = 50) for empiric therapy. All 150 isolates of CoNS were speciated using (1) API Staph (biochemical system), (2) Biolog GEN III Microplates (phenotypic substrate system), and (3) DNA sequencing of the sodA gene. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibilities for topical and intravitreal treatment were determined based on serum standards. CoNS identification to the species level by all three methods indicated that S. epidermidis was the predominant species of CoNS isolated from cases of endophthalmitis (84-90%), keratitis (80-86%), and conjunctivitis/blepharitis (62-68%). Identifications indicated different distributions of CoNS species among endophthalmitis (6), keratitis (10), and conjunctivitis/blepharitis (13). Antibiotic susceptibility profiles support empiric treatment of endophthalmitis with vancomycin, and keratitis treatment with cefazolin or vancomycin. There was no clear antibiotic choice for conjunctivitis/blepharitis. S. epidermidis was the most frequently found CoNS ocular pathogen, and infection by other CoNS appears to be less specific and random. Antibiotic resistance does not appear to be a serious problem associated with CoNS.
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16
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Michalik M, Kosecka-Strojek M, Wolska M, Samet A, Podbielska-Kubera A, Międzobrodzki J. First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030335. [PMID: 33805734 PMCID: PMC8000362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Linezolid is currently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Both linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains have been collected worldwide. Two isolates carrying linezolid resistance genes were recovered from laryngological patients and characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as spa typing, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of virulence genes and ica operon expression, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Both isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin. The S. aureus strain was identified as ST-398/t4474/SCCmec IVe, harboring adhesin, hemolysin genes, and the ica operon. The S. haemolyticus strain was identified as ST-42/mecA-positive and harbored hemolysin genes. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus strain was associated with the mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, and in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of cfr gene. Moreover, S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes. We identified the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Since both S. aureus and CoNS are the most common etiological factors in laryngological infections, monitoring of such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is important to decrease the number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalik
- MML Medical Centre, Bagno 2, 00-112 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.P.-K.)
| | - Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariola Wolska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Alfred Samet
- MML Medical Centre, Bagno 2, 00-112 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.P.-K.)
| | | | - Jacek Międzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (J.M.)
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17
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Cole K, Atkins B, Llewelyn M, Paul J. Genomic investigation of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33704043 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been recognized both as emerging pathogens and contaminants of clinical samples. High-resolution genomic investigation may provide insights into their clinical significance.Aims. To review the literature regarding coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and the utility of genomic methods to aid diagnosis and management, and to identify promising areas for future research.Methodology. We searched Google Scholar with the terms (Staphylococcus) AND (sequencing OR (infection)). We prioritized papers that addressed coagulase-negative staphylococci, genomic analysis, or infection.Results. A number of studies have investigated specimen-related, phenotypic and genetic factors associated with colonization, infection and virulence, but diagnosis remains problematic.Conclusion. Genomic investigation provides insights into the genetic diversity and natural history of colonization and infection. Such information allows the development of new methodologies to identify and compare relatedness and predict antimicrobial resistance. Future clinical studies that employ suitable sampling frames coupled with the application of high-resolution whole-genome sequencing may aid the development of more discriminatory diagnostic approaches to coagulase-staphylococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cole
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Martin Llewelyn
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - John Paul
- Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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18
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Kobayashi T, Nakajima K, Oshima Y, Ikeda M, Kitaura S, Ikeuchi K, Okamoto K, Okada Y, Ohama Y, Higurashi Y, Okugawa S, Moriya K. First Reported Human Case of Spondylodiscitis by Staphylococcus condimenti: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2021; 60:635-637. [PMID: 33028768 PMCID: PMC7946508 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5180-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus condimenti is a Gram-positive coccus that was first isolated from soy sauce mash. Only four cases of human S. condimenti infections have been reported to date. We herein report the first case of spondylodiscitis caused by S. condimenti. A 72-year-old Japanese man complaining of lower back pain and numbness in his legs was diagnosed with spondylodiscitis. A computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy was performed. A culture of the intravertebral disc aspirate yielded S. condimenti. The result was confirmed using gene sequencing methods. The patient was successfully treated without relapse. This case shows that S. condimenti can be pathogenic and cause invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Koji Nakajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Koh Okamoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuta Okada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohama
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Higurashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Shu Okugawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
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19
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Pain M, Wolden R, Jaén-Luchoro D, Salvà-Serra F, Iglesias BP, Karlsson R, Klingenberg C, Cavanagh JP. Staphylococcus borealis sp. nov., isolated from human skin and blood. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 70:6067-6078. [PMID: 33048039 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When analysing a large cohort of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, using whole-genome sequencing, five human isolates (four from the skin and one from a blood culture) with aberrant phenotypic and genotypic traits were identified. They were phenotypically similar with yellow colonies, nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and initially speciated as S. haemolyticus based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and MALDI-TOF MS. However, compared to S. haemolyticus, these five strains demonstrate: (i) considerable phylogenetic distance with an average nucleotide identity <95 % and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization <70 %; (ii) a pigmented phenotype; (iii) urease production; and (iv) different fatty acid composition. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic results, we conclude that these strains represent a novel species, for which the name Staphylococcus borealis sp. nov. is proposed. The novel species belong to the genus Staphylococcus and is coagulase- and oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The type strain, 51-48T, is deposited in the Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG 73747T) and in the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT 30011T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pain
- Pediatric Infection Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Runa Wolden
- Pediatric Infection Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniel Jaén-Luchoro
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Salvà-Serra
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Piñeiro Iglesias
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Pediatric Infection Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Pediatric Infection Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Rendboe AK, Johannesen TB, Ingham AC, Månsson E, Iversen S, Baig S, Edslev S, Jensen JS, Söderquist B, Andersen PS, Stegger M. The Epidome - a species-specific approach to assess the population structure and heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization and infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:362. [PMID: 33243146 PMCID: PMC7691061 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although generally known as a human commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an opportunistic pathogen that can cause nosocomial infections related to foreign body materials and immunocompromized patients. Infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineages that are difficult and costly to treat, and can have a major adverse impact on patients' quality of life. Heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in both carriage and infection, but present methodology for detection of this is laborious or expensive. In this study, we present a culture-independent method, labelled Epidome, based on an amplicon sequencing-approach to deliver information beyond species level on primary samples and to elucidate clonality, population structure and temporal stability or niche selection of S. epidermidis communities. RESULTS Based on an assessment of > 800 genes from the S. epidermidis core genome, we identified genes with variable regions, which in combination facilitated the differentiation of phylogenetic clusters observed in silico, and allowed classification down to lineage level. A duplex PCR, combined with an amplicon sequencing protocol, and a downstream analysis pipeline were designed to provide subspecies information from primary samples. Additionally, a probe-based qPCR was designed to provide valuable absolute abundance quantification of S. epidermidis. The approach was validated on isolates representing skin commensals and on genomic mock communities with a sensitivity of < 10 copies/μL. The method was furthermore applied to a sample set of primary skin and nasal samples, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity in the S. epidermidis populations. Additionally, the qPCR showed a high degree of variation in absolute abundance of S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS The Epidome method is designed for use on primary samples to obtain important information on S. epidermidis abundance and diversity beyond species-level to answer questions regarding the emergence and dissemination of nosocomial lineages, investigating clonality of S. epidermidis communities, population dynamics, and niche selection. Our targeted-sequencing method allows rapid differentiation and identification of clinically important nosocomial lineages in low-biomass samples such as skin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Katrine Rendboe
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Bech Johannesen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Cäcilia Ingham
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emeli Månsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Hospital of Västmanland, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Søren Iversen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharmin Baig
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Edslev
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skov Jensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Söderquist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Perreten V, Kania SA, Bemis D. Staphylococcus ursi sp. nov., a new member of the ' Staphylococcus intermedius group' isolated from healthy black bears. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4637-4645. [PMID: 32672529 PMCID: PMC7660245 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Six Staphylococcus strains were isolated from healthy black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome, 16S rRNA, dnaJ, hsp60, rpoB and sodA genes, and MALDI-TOF-MS main spectral profiles revealed that the strains belonged to one species and showed the closest relatedness to members of the 'Staphylococcus intermedius group' (SIG), which include Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus delphini and Staphyloccoccus cornubiensis. The strains were positive in SIG-specific and negative in individual species-specific PCR assays for the nuc gene. The strains can be differentiated from the other SIG species by the absence of sucrose fermentation, from S. intermedius DSM 20373T, S. pseudintermedius CCUG 49543T and S. cornubiensis DSM 105366T by the absence of methyl β-d-glucopyranoside fermentation and from S. delphini DSM 20771T by fermentation of trehalose. DNA relatedness of the type strain MI 10-1553T with the type strains of S. delphini, S. pseudintermedius, S. intermedius and S. cornubiensis was ≤48.2 % by digital DNA-DNA hybridization and ≤92.3 % by average nucleotide identity calculations. Iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 were the most common fatty acids. Polar lipids consisted of phosphadidylglycerols, phospholipids, glycolipid, diphosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipid. Cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type A3α l-Lys-Gly3 (Ser; similar to A11.2 and A11.3). The respiratory quinone belonged to menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The G+C content of MI 10-1553T was 39.3 mol%. The isolated strains represent a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus, for which we propose the name Staphylococcus ursi sp. nov. The type strain is MI 10-1553T (=ATCC TSD-55T=CCOS 1900T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Performance and Application of 16S rRNA Gene Cycle Sequencing for Routine Identification of Bacteria in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00053-19. [PMID: 32907806 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00053-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a state-of-the-art description of the performance of Sanger cycle sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for routine identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory. A detailed description of the technology and current methodology is outlined with a major focus on proper data analyses and interpretation of sequences. The remainder of the article is focused on a comprehensive evaluation of the application of this method for identification of bacterial pathogens based on analyses of 16S multialignment sequences. In particular, the existing limitations of similarity within 16S for genus- and species-level differentiation of clinically relevant pathogens and the lack of sequence data currently available in public databases is highlighted. A multiyear experience is described of a large regional clinical microbiology service with direct 16S broad-range PCR followed by cycle sequencing for direct detection of pathogens in appropriate clinical samples. The ability of proteomics (matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight) versus 16S sequencing for bacterial identification and genotyping is compared. Finally, the potential for whole-genome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to replace 16S sequencing for routine diagnostic use is presented for several applications, including the barriers that must be overcome to fully implement newer genomic methods in clinical microbiology. A future challenge for large clinical, reference, and research laboratories, as well as for industry, will be the translation of vast amounts of accrued NGS microbial data into convenient algorithm testing schemes for various applications (i.e., microbial identification, genotyping, and metagenomics and microbiome analyses) so that clinically relevant information can be reported to physicians in a format that is understood and actionable. These challenges will not be faced by clinical microbiologists alone but by every scientist involved in a domain where natural diversity of genes and gene sequences plays a critical role in disease, health, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and other aspects of life-forms. Overcoming these challenges will require global multidisciplinary efforts across fields that do not normally interact with the clinical arena to make vast amounts of sequencing data clinically interpretable and actionable at the bedside.
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23
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Conesa A, Dieser S, Barberis C, Bonetto C, Lasagno M, Vay C, Odierno L, Porporatto C, Raspanti C. Differentiation of non-aureus staphylococci species isolated from bovine mastitis by PCR-RFLP of groEL and gap genes in comparison to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104489. [PMID: 32910983 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intramammary infections (IMI) cause serious economic losses for farmers and the dairy industry. Cases of subclinical mastitis are commonly the result of infection by minor pathogens such as non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), so their correct identification is important for appropriate therapeutic intervention and management. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the groEL and gap genes to discriminate between bovine-associated NAS species, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as the reference method. MALDI-TOF MS was able to correctly identify 112 NAS isolates from bovine IMI at species level out of a total of 115 (97.4%). These results were considered definitive and thus compared with those from the PCR-RFLP analyses. Only 50% (56/112) of the samples classified through groEL PCR-RFLP matched the molecular identity determined by MALDI-TOF MS, whereas coincidence rose to 96.4% (108/112) when comparing results from gap PCR-RFLP and the spectral analysis. This study demonstrates that gap PCR-RFLP is a useful and reliable tool for the identification of NAS species isolated from bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Conesa
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, X5900KBJ, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvana Dieser
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, X5806JRA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, C1113AAD, Caba, Argentina
| | - Cesar Bonetto
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, X5900KBJ, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mirta Lasagno
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, X5806JRA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, C1113AAD, Caba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Odierno
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, X5806JRA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IAPCByA), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, X5900KBJ, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Raspanti
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km 601, X5806JRA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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24
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da Silva Cândido TJ, da Silva AC, de Matos LG, da Silva do Nascimento M, Camargo CH, Cobo Zanella R, Mores Rall VL, Cirone Silva NC. Enterotoxigenic potential and molecular typing of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from organic and conventional fresh minas cheese in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Epidemiology of β-Lactamase-Producing Staphylococci and Gram Negative Bacteria as Cause of Clinical Bovine Mastitis in Tunisia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2165316. [PMID: 31534954 PMCID: PMC6732581 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2165316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the species distribution of Staphylococcus, Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and the occurrence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing GNB. Bacterial culture of 300 clinical mastitis milk samples from 30 different farms across different regions of Tunisia during four seasons was realized. The obtained results showed the presence of high frequency of the tested samples with a positive growth for bacteria (64%). In addition a high recovery rate of Staphylococci and/or GNB in these clinical mastitis milk samples (87%) was detected. In addition, a high percentage of GNB (68.2%) compared to Staphylococcus species (32%) was noted. Moreover, a significant variation of the number of these bacteria according to the farm location, the seasons, and cows age was detected. The highest percentage was observed in the North of Tunisia during the winter and the spring seasons in adult cows with a dominance of GNB growth. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) (n=11) and GNB (n=16) species were identified. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most frequently found bacterium followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The dominant Staphylococcus isolates was S. xylosus followed by S. aureus the major pathogen isolated. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene in 3 S. aureus and 14 CNS isolates; all of these isolates were lacking the mecC gene. Various species of GNB, resistant to cefotaxime, were detected (n=15). ESBLs were detected on selective medium in 10 E. coli and 4 K. pneumoniae. All ESBL producers strains carry the blaCTX-M. The presence of different resistant mastitis pathogens in dairy farms may complicate therapeutic options and contaminated animals could become zoonotic agent reservoir for human.
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26
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Hammer P, Jordan J, Jacobs C, Klempt M. Characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci from brining baths in Germany. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8734-8744. [PMID: 31421877 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brining is an important step in cheese making, and using brine baths for this purpose is common practice in German dairies. Time of brining, brine concentration, and composition of the complex and heterogeneous microbiota, including coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), contribute to the ripening and taste of cheese. As well as producing staphylococcal enterotoxins, some CNS show antibiotic resistance; therefore, we isolated 52 strains of presumptive CNS from cheese brines from 13 factories in Germany. Species identification by sodA gene sequencing revealed that 50 isolates were CNS: 31 Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 4 Staphylococcus carnosus, 4 Staphylococcus equorum, 3 Staphylococcus sciuri, 2 Staphylococcus hominis, and 2 Staphylococcus warneri. One isolate each was identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pasteurii, Staphylococcus succinus, and Staphylococcus xylosus. Further subtyping of the Staph. saprophyticus isolates to the subspecies level revealed the presence of 6 Staph. saprophyticus ssp. saprophyticus. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with the identified Staph. saprophyticus strains, 12 independent clones were identified, resulting in the exclusion of 18 strains from further testing. In 19 of the remaining 32 CNS isolates, resistance to antibiotics was observed. Resistance was found against oxacillin (17), penicillin (5), and cefoxitin (1). Four isolates expressed resistance to both oxacillin and penicillin. No resistance was found to enrofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, or erythromycin. Then, PCR analysis for antibiotic resistance genes was performed for 22 different genes. Only genes blaZ and blaTEM were found in 7 isolates. These isolates were selected for challenge tests with different concentrations of lactic acid and NaCl to examine whether expression of antibiotic resistance was influenced by these stressors. An increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration from 0 to 2.0 µg/mL was seen for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole only in one isolate of Staph. saprophyticus at an increased lactic acid concentration. Finally, all isolates were tested for genetic determinants (entA, entB, entC, entD, and entE) of the most common staphylococcal enterotoxins; none of these genes were detected. We found no indication for unacceptable risks originating from the isolated CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hammer
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - J Jordan
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - C Jacobs
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Klempt
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 24103 Kiel, Germany
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27
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Kosecka-Strojek M, Sabat AJ, Akkerboom V, Becker K, van Zanten E, Wisselink G, Miedzobrodzki J, Kooistra-Smid AMDM, Friedrich AW. Development and Validation of a Reference Data Set for Assigning Staphylococcus Species Based on Next-Generation Sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA Region. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:278. [PMID: 31456949 PMCID: PMC6698797 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many members of the Staphylococcus genus are clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens that warrant accurate and rapid identification for targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a careful assignment scheme for staphylococcal species based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S-23S rRNA region. All reference staphylococcal strains were identified at the species level using Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA, sodA, tuf, and rpoB genes and NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region. To broaden the database, an additional 100 staphylococcal strains, including 29 species, were identified by routine diagnostic methods, 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing and NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region. The results enabled development of reference sequences encompassing the 16S-23S rRNA region for 50 species (including one newly proposed species) and 6 subspecies of the Staphylococcus genus. This study showed sodA and rpoB targets were the most discriminative but NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region was more discriminative than tuf gene sequencing and much more discriminative than 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Almost all Staphylococcus species could be distinguished when the max score was 99.0% or higher and the sequence similarity between the best and second best species was equal to or >0.2% (min. 9 nucleotides). This study allowed development of reference sequences for 21 staphylococcal species and enrichment for 29 species for which sequences were publicly available. We confirmed the usefulness of NGS of the 16S-23S rRNA region by identifying the whole species content in 45 clinical samples and comparing the results to those obtained using routine diagnostic methods. Based on the developed reference database, all staphylococcal species can be reliably detected based on the 16S-23S rRNA sequences in samples composed of both single species and more complex polymicrobial communities. This study will be useful for introduction of a novel diagnostic tool, which undoubtedly is an improvement for reliable species identification in polymicrobial samples. The introduction of this new method is hindered by a lack of reference sequences for the 16S-23S rRNA region for many bacterial species. The results will allow identification of all Staphylococcus species, which are clinically relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Artur J Sabat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Akkerboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Evert van Zanten
- Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Guido Wisselink
- Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacek Miedzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M D Mirjam Kooistra-Smid
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander W Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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28
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Ata Z, Buyukcangaz E. A 13-Plex PCR for high-resolution melting-based screening of clinically important Staphylococcus species in animals. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 164:105673. [PMID: 31348952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single-tube multiplex real-time PCR targeting the nuclease (nuc) gene and subsequent high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) were used to identify 13 different Staphylococcus species. The nuc gene was targeted due to its low intraspecies variation and the greater interspecies variation than the 16S rRNA gene in Staphylococcus. We used HRMA software that can store and compare HRMA profiles from different runs as long as the runs contain the same reference reaction. Thus, we reduced the 14 PCRs to 2 different PCRs, one targeting the unknown sequence and the other targeting the reference sequences to screen 13 different Staphylococcus species. The specificity of the developed method was tested on 16 different Staphylococcus reference strains and 115 different field strains that were isolated from the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis. We conclude that the method can be used to quickly and cost-effectively differentiate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from other Staphylococcus species (S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, S. hyicus, S. chromogenes, S. lentus, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, S. simulans and S. hominis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Ata
- (Military Veterinary School and Educational Central Commandership, Gemlik, Bursa, Turkey).
| | - Esra Buyukcangaz
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nilufer, 16059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
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29
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Gómez-Sanz E, Ceballos S, Ruiz-Ripa L, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Clonally Diverse Methicillin and Multidrug Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Are Ubiquitous and Pose Transfer Ability Between Pets and Their Owners. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:485. [PMID: 30972035 PMCID: PMC6443710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty-eight owners and 66 pets, from 43 unrelated pet-owning households were screened for methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), potential cases of MRCoNS interspecies transmission (IT), and persistence. MRCoNS isolates were identified by microbiological and molecular tests. MLST-based phylogenetic analysis was performed in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using phenotypic and molecular methods. SCCmec type and the presence of biofilm-related ica locus was PCR-tested. Isolates suspected for MRCoNS IT cases were subjected to SmaI-PFGE analysis and individuals from positive households were followed-up for 1 year for carriage dynamics (every 3 months, T0-T4). Nineteen MRCoNS isolates from owners (27.9%) and 12 from pets (16.7%) were detected, coming from 20 households (46.5%). S. epidermidis was predominant (90 and 67% of human and animal strains, respectively), showing high phylogenetic diversity (16 STs among 24 strains). Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) strains belonged to CC5 (75%), CC11 (12.5%), singleton S556 (8.3%), and S560 (4.17%). Significant host-associated differences were observed for resistance to aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol (higher in animal isolates) and tetracycline (higher among human strains). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was common (68.4%) and associated with human strains. Great diversity of ccr and mec complexes were detected, most strains being non-typeable, followed by SCCmecIV and V. Over one third of isolates (most from owners), carried the ica locus, all MRSE CC5. Two sporadic IT cases (T0) were identified in owners and dogs from two households (4.7%), with diverse interspecies-exchanged clones detected along the sampling year, especially in dogs. A comparative analysis of all MRCoNS, with all nasal coagulase positive staphylococci (CoPS) recovered from the same individuals at T0, revealed that CoPS alone was predominant in owners and pets, followed by co-carriage of CoPS and MRCoNS in owners but single MRCoNS in pets. Statistical analyses revealed that owners are more prone to co-carriage and that co-existence of IT cases and co-carriage are positively interrelated. MRCoNS from healthy owners and their pets are genetically heterogeneous MDR strains that are spread in the community. Therefore, pets also contribute to the dissemination of successful human clones. Owner-pet inhabitancy increases the risk for staphylococcal temporal concomitance with its subsequent risk for bacterial infection and genetic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gómez-Sanz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Sara Ceballos
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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30
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Abstract
A diagnosis of mastitis is based on clinical observations or direct/indirect measures of the inflammatory response to infection, whereas a diagnosis of an intramammary infection is based on identification of the infectious agent. Somatic cell count/somatic cell score are common diagnostic tests for the detection of subclinical mastitis. Culture and polymerase chain reaction can be useful in the diagnosis of an intramammary infection; however, both have their advantages and disadvantages. Diagnosing the bacterial agent causing the intramammary infection can help to determine treatment and prevention strategies on the farm, which in turn can help to reduce incidence and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R F Adkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - John R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Schmidt T, Kock MM, Ehlers MM. Identification and characterization of Staphylococcus devriesei isolates from bovine intramammary infections in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:324. [PMID: 30390671 PMCID: PMC6215665 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the leading bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in many dairy-producing countries. Among the challenges associated with the specific diagnosis of CoNS infections is the biochemical heterogeneity of the species in the genus and the unavailability of accurate, cost-effective and up-to-date diagnostic tests. A previous study investigating the diversity of CoNS associated with cases of bovine mastitis in South Africa, resulted in six CoNS isolates which could not be identified despite the use of a combination of different molecular assays. The identification and characterisation of the isolates was pursued further in this study. RESULTS The six CoNS isolates in question were identified by sequencing multiple housekeeping genes (dnaJ, hsp60, rpoB, 16S rRNA) and characterized through the use of matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the Biolog GEN III Microplate™ bacterial identification system. Sequencing of housekeeping genes identified the isolates as S. devriesei. This Staphylococcus species was only described in 2010 and this is the first report documenting the isolation of S. devriesei from cases of bovine IMIs in South Africa. Analysis of mass spectra generated by the six isolates showed intra-species variation which was also observed when evaluating the metabolic profiles of the isolates using the Biolog GEN III system. Neither the MALDI-TOF MS nor the Biolog database are currently populated with data relating to S. devriesei, resulting in the isolates not being identified, in the case of MALDI-TOF MS analysis, or mis-identified as was observed with the Biolog GEN III system. CONCLUSIONS The phenotyping data collected during this investigation provides useful information concerning Staphylococcus devriesei which could be used to populate user system databases thereby ensuring the accurate identification of isolates in future. The availability of improved diagnostics will in turn facilitate studies to elucidate the epidemiology, pathogenicity and true prevalence of this species in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Schmidt
- Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Okoli CE, Njoga EO, Enem SI, Godwin EE, Nwanta JA, Chah KF. Prevalence, toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus isolated from ready-to-eat meats. Vet World 2018; 11:1214-1221. [PMID: 30410224 PMCID: PMC6200574 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1214-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim An epidemiological surveillance for Staphylococci contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) meats from Enugu State, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the prevalence, species distribution, toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the organisms and hence the microbiological and toxicological safety of the meats. Materials and Methods Isolation and phenotypic Staphylococcus detection were done according to standard microbiological methods. Phenotypic resistance to 17 commonly used antimicrobial agents was determined by disc diffusion method. Molecular characterization of the isolates to species level and detection of selected toxigenic and antimicrobial-resistance genes were done by PCR methods. Results Twenty-four (9.4%) of the 255 meat samples investigated were contaminated with Staphylococcus species. Twenty-four Staphylococcus isolates belonging to six species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) were identified. Four (16.7%) isolates harbored genes coding for exfoliative toxin-A. Ten (41.7%) isolates were multidrug resistant, while mecA, tetK, mphC, ermT and ermC were the antimicrobial-resistance genes detected in the isolates. Meat samples sourced from motor parks (16.7%) and open markets (8.5%) were the most contaminated. Conclusion 9.4% of RTE meats sampled were contaminated with toxigenic and multidrug resistance CoNS. Beef was the most contaminated RTE meat type and harbored all the toxigenic and most of the antibiotic-resistant genes detected. Meat samples from motor parks had the highest staphylococcal contamination (16.7%), while those from mechanic village had the least (2.4%). Majority (79.2%) of the isolates were not susceptible to fusidic acid but none exhibited antimicrobial-resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, linezolid or teicoplanin. Food safety authorities in the study area should work proactively to massively improve the hygienic practices of meat vendors; in order to limit staphylococcal contamination of RTE meats and the associated public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe E Okoli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Simon I Enem
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Enid E Godwin
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John A Nwanta
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy F Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Klibi A, Maaroufi A, Torres C, Jouini A. Detection and characterization of methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk from cows with clinical mastitis in Tunisia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:930-935. [PMID: 30077662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MR) and methicillin-susceptible (MS) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and the implicated mechanisms of resistance and virulence in milk of mastitis cows. In addition, the presence of SCCmec type was analyzed in MR Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). RESULTS Three hundred milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis were obtained from 30 dairy farms in different regions of Tunisia. Sixty-eight of the 300 tested samples contained CNS strains. Various CNS species were identified, with Staphylococcus xylosus being the most frequently found (40%) followed by Staphylococcus warneri (12%). The mecA gene was present in 14 of 20 MR-CNS isolates. All of them were lacking the mecC gene. The SCCmecIVa was identified in four MRSE isolates. Most of CNS isolates showed penicillin resistance (70.6%) and 58.3% of them carried the blaZ gene. MR-CNS isolates (n = 20) showed resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole harboring different resistance genes such us erm(B), erm(T), erm(C), mph(C) or msr(A), tet(K) and dfr(A). However, a lower percentage of resistance was observed among 48 MS-CNS isolates: erythromycin (8.3%), tetracycline (6.2%), streptomycin (6.2%), clindamycin (6.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole (2%). The Inu(B) gene was detected in one Staphylococcus xylosus strain that showed clindamycin resistance. The virulence gene tsst-1 was observed in one MR-CNS strain. DISCUSSION Coagulase-negative staphylococci containing a diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes are frequently detected in milk of mastitis cows. This fact emphasizes the importance of identifying CNS when an intramammary infection is present because of the potential risk of lateral transfer of resistant genes among staphylococcal species and other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klibi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Developement, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Abderrazek Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Developement, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Developement, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie.
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Kim J, Hong J, Lim JA, Heu S, Roh E. Improved multiplex PCR primers for rapid identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:73-83. [PMID: 28795230 PMCID: PMC5758691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are opportunistic pathogens that are currently emerging as causative agents of human disease. Though CNS are widespread in the clinic and food, their precise identification at species level is important. Here, using 16S rRNA sequencing, 55 staphylococcal isolates were identified as S. capitis, S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. pasteuri, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, and S. xylosus. Although 16S rRNA sequencing is universally accepted as a standard for bacterial identification, the method did not effectively discriminate closely related species, and additional DNA sequencing was required. The divergence of the sodA gene sequence is higher than that of 16S rRNA. To devise a rapid and accurate identification method, sodA-specific primers were designed to demonstrate that species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used for the identification of CNS species. The accuracy of this method was higher than that of phenotypic identification; the method is simple and less time-consuming than 16S rRNA sequencing. Of the 55 CNS isolates, 92.72% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 60% were resistant to three or more antibiotics. CNS isolates produced diverse virulence-associated enzymes, including hemolysin (produced by 69.09% of the isolates), protease (65.45%), lipase (54.54%), lecithinase (36.36%), and DNase (29.09%); all isolates could form a biofilm. Because of the increasing pathogenic significance of CNS, the efficient multiplex PCR detection method developed in this study may contribute to studies for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Hong
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Lim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggi Heu
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 16613, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Evolutionary Origin of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02302-16. [PMID: 28373201 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02302-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that the most primitive staphylococcal species, those of the Staphylococcus sciuri group, were involved in the first stages of evolution of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), the genetic element carrying the β-lactam resistance gene mecA However, many steps are still missing from this evolutionary history. In particular, it is not known how mecA was incorporated into the mobile element SCC prior to dissemination among Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic staphylococcal species. To gain insights into the possible contribution of several species of the Staphylococcus sciuri group to the assembly of SCCmec, we sequenced the genomes of 106 isolates, comprising S. sciuri (n = 76), Staphylococcus vitulinus (n = 18), and Staphylococcus fleurettii (n = 12) from animal and human sources, and characterized the native location of mecA and the SCC insertion site by using a variety of comparative genomic approaches. Moreover, we performed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the genomes in order to understand SCCmec evolution in relation to phylogeny. We found that each of three species of the S. sciuri group contributed to the evolution of SCCmec: S. vitulinus and S. fleurettii contributed to the assembly of the mec complex, and S. sciuri most likely provided the mobile element in which mecA was later incorporated. We hypothesize that an ancestral SCCmec III cassette (an element carried by one of the most epidemic methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones) originated in S. sciuri possibly by a recombination event in a human host or a human-created environment and later was transferred to S. aureus.
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Rolo J, Worning P, Boye Nielsen J, Sobral R, Bowden R, Bouchami O, Damborg P, Guardabassi L, Perreten V, Westh H, Tomasz A, de Lencastre H, Miragaia M. Evidence for the evolutionary steps leading to mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance in staphylococci. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006674. [PMID: 28394942 PMCID: PMC5402963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiologically most important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with mecA–an acquired gene encoding an extra penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) with low affinity to virtually all β-lactams. The introduction of mecA into the S. aureus chromosome has led to the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pandemics, responsible for high rates of mortality worldwide. Nonetheless, little is known regarding the origin and evolution of mecA. Different mecA homologues have been identified in species belonging to the Staphylococcus sciuri group representing the most primitive staphylococci. In this study we aimed to identify evolutionary steps linking these mecA precursors to the β-lactam resistance gene mecA and the resistance phenotype. We sequenced genomes of 106 S. sciuri, S. vitulinus and S. fleurettii strains and determined their oxacillin susceptibility profiles. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the core genome was performed to assess the genetic relatedness of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the mecA gene homologues and promoters was achieved through nucleotide/amino acid sequence alignments and mutation rates were estimated using a Bayesian analysis. Furthermore, the predicted structure of mecA homologue-encoded PBPs of oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant strains were compared. We showed for the first time that oxacillin resistance in the S. sciuri group has emerged multiple times and by a variety of different mechanisms. Development of resistance occurred through several steps including structural diversification of the non-binding domain of native PBPs; changes in the promoters of mecA homologues; acquisition of SCCmec and adaptation of the bacterial genetic background. Moreover, our results suggest that it was exposure to β-lactams in human-created environments that has driven evolution of native PBPs towards a resistance determinant. The evolution of β-lactam resistance in staphylococci highlights the numerous resources available to bacteria to adapt to the selective pressure of antibiotics. The emergence and rise of mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance in staphylococci has been one of the greatest concerns of the scientific and medical communities worldwide. However, little is known regarding the origin of the mecA gene determinant. In this study we demonstrate that antibiotic pressure in the human environment and in food additives used in livestock was the major driving force of the evolution and spread of resistance to β-lactams. Furthermore, we confirm the previous findings suggesting that the development of resistance occurs in primitive species of staphylococci through diversification of a native penicillin binding protein involved in cell wall synthesis. We also demonstrate that resistance was achieved through four distinct mechanisms: accumulation of substitutions in a specific domain of the protein; diversification of the promoter of the gene; acquisition of SCCmec, and adaptation of the genetic background. Our results highlight the resources that primitive bacteria used to thrive in a changing environment that has led to the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peder Worning
- MRSA Knowledge Center, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesper Boye Nielsen
- MRSA Knowledge Center, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Rita Sobral
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rory Bowden
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ons Bouchami
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Westh
- MRSA Knowledge Center, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Tomasz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Miragaia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Pizauro LJL, de Almeida CC, Soltes GA, Slavic D, Rossi-Junior OD, de Ávila FA, Zafalon LF, MacInnes JI. Species level identification of coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. from buffalo using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and cydB real-time quantitative PCR. Vet Microbiol 2017; 204:8-14. [PMID: 28532810 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Incorrect identification of Staphylococcus spp. can have serious clinical and zoonotic repercussions. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine if matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and/or cydB real- time quantitative PCR (qPCR) could be used to accurately identify coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS) obtained from buffalo milk and milking environment samples. Seventy-five of 84 CoNS isolates could be identified to the species level (score value >1.99) using MALDI-TOF MS. However, as determined by cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase subunit II (cydB) qPCR and by 16S RNA and cydB gene sequencing, 10S. agnetis strains were wrongly identified as S. hyicus by MALDI-TOF MS. In addition, 9 isolates identified by MALDI-TOF only to the genus level (score values between 1.70 and 1.99) could be identified to species by cydB qPCR. Our findings suggest that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable method for rapid identification of S. chromogenes and S. epidermidis (species of interest both in human and veterinary medicine) and may be able to correctly identify other Staphylococcus spp. However, at present not all Staphylococcus spp. found in buffalo milk can be accurately identified by MALDI-TOF MS and for these organisms, the cydB qPCR developed in the current study may provide a reliable alternative method for rapid identification of CoNS species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J L Pizauro
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila C de Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Glenn A Soltes
- University of Guelph, Department of Pathobiology, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Post Office 3612, Guelph, Ontario, N1H 6R8, Canada
| | - Oswaldo D Rossi-Junior
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Fernando A de Ávila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Zafalon
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Washington Luiz road, Km 234, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janet I MacInnes
- University of Guelph, Department of Pathobiology, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Gabrielsen C, Kols NI, Øye C, Bergh K, Afset JE. Characterization of the virulence potential of Staphylococcus condimenti isolated from a patient with severe soft tissue infection. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 18:8-14. [PMID: 28480044 PMCID: PMC5406524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coagulase-negative bacterium Staphylococcus condimenti and closely related species are commonly isolated from or found in starter cultures of fermented sausage as well as fish and soy sauces, and have traditionally been considered nonpathogenic. Recently, however, a case of catheter-related bacteraemia caused by S. condimenti was reported. In the present study we identified and characterized a strain of S. condimenti isolated from a patient with a severe soft tissue infection, comparing it to S. condimenti and S. carnosus type strains in order to elucidate the virulence potential of the clinical strain. Genome comparison showed high degree of conservation between the clinical strain and the type strain used in food industry, as well as with S. carnosus. The genome of the clinical S. condimenti strain contains few horizontally transferred regions and 37 putative virulence genes, including genes with similarity to leucocidin and genes involved in immune evasion, proinflammatory and cytolytic activity. However, it remains to be tested whether these putative virulence genes are expressed and functional. Although uncommon, S. condimenti may cause severe infection in previously healthy persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, Norway
| | - N I Kols
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, Norway
| | - C Øye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinic of Orthopedy, Rheumatology and Dermatology, St Olavs University Hospital, Norway
| | - K Bergh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, Norway
| | - J E Afset
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Potential Impact of Rapid Blood Culture Testing for Gram-Positive Bacteremia in Japan with the Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Test. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:4896791. [PMID: 28316631 PMCID: PMC5337849 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4896791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Early detection of Gram-positive bacteremia and timely appropriate antimicrobial therapy are required for decreasing patient mortality. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the performance of the Verigene Gram-positive blood culture assay (BC-GP) in two special healthcare settings and determine the potential impact of rapid blood culture testing for Gram-positive bacteremia within the Japanese healthcare delivery system. Furthermore, the study included simulated blood cultures, which included a library of well-characterized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates reflecting different geographical regions in Japan. Methods. A total 347 BC-GP assays were performed on clinical and simulated blood cultures. BC-GP results were compared to results obtained by reference methods for genus/species identification and detection of resistance genes using molecular and MALDI-TOF MS methodologies. Results. For identification and detection of resistance genes at two clinical sites and simulated blood cultures, overall concordance of BC-GP with reference methods was 327/347 (94%). The time for identification and antimicrobial resistance detection by BC-GP was significantly shorter compared to routine testing especially at the cardiology hospital, which does not offer clinical microbiology services on weekends and holidays. Conclusion. BC-GP generated accurate identification and detection of resistance markers compared with routine laboratory methods for Gram-positive organisms in specialized clinical settings providing more rapid results than current routine testing.
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40
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Martins KB, Faccioli PY, Bonesso MF, Fernandes S, Oliveira AA, Dantas A, Zafalon LF, Cunha MDLRS. Characteristics of resistance and virulence factors in different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from milk of healthy sheep and animals with subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2184-2195. [PMID: 28109594 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are among the main responsible agents for mastitis in sheep. Cure rates can be reduced due to several causes, such as those related to virulence factors presented by microorganisms. This study aims at characterizing the virulence and resistance factors to antimicrobial agents in different CNS species isolated from sheep milk. After collecting milk samples, the samples were analyzed and the CNS species were identified. After identification, the susceptibility-sensitivity profile was examined using the disk diffusion technique for 10 antimicrobial agents. The DNA was extracted to detect the presence of the mecA gene, biofilm (icaADBC, bap, and bhp) and toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, tst, and luk-PV) by PCR. Samples carrying toxin genes had their expression assessed using the reverse-transcription PCR technique. The biofilm production was assessed using the adherence method on a polystyrene plate. One hundred twelve CNS samples were isolated, 53 (47.3%) from animals with subclinical mastitis and 59 (52.7%) from healthy animals. Drugs tested have shown to be efficient for most CNS samples. The largest resistance percentage of CNS was found for the penicillin (17.0%) and tetracycline (10.7%) and 4 samples carried the mecA gene. As for the biofilm genes, the icaADBC operon was found in 10 (8.9%) samples, the bap gene was found in 16 (14.3%), and the bhp gene was found in 3 (2.7%). In addition, 69 (61.6%) samples produced biofilm. The survey of toxin genes has shown that 70 (62.5%) samples showed some toxin-encoding gene. However, none of the samples has expressed any of the genes from those toxins studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne B Martins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510.
| | - Patricia Y Faccioli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510
| | - Mariana F Bonesso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510
| | - Simone Fernandes
- Department of Livestock, Lageado Farm, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 237
| | - Aline A Oliveira
- Department of Livestock, Lageado Farm, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 237
| | - Ariane Dantas
- Department of Livestock, Lageado Farm, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 237
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes R S Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil 510
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Švec P, Petráš P, Pantůček R, Doškař J, Sedláček I. High intraspecies heterogeneity within Staphylococcus sciuri and rejection of its classification into S. sciuri subsp. sciuri, S. sciuri subsp. carnaticus and S. sciuri subsp. rodentium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:5181-5186. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Bld. A25, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petráš
- Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pantůček
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doškař
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Bld. A25, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Guimarães FF, Joaquim SF, Manzi MP, Silva RCD, Bruder-Nascimento ACMDO, Costa EO, Langoni H. Comparison phenotypic and genotypic identification of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016001200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: In addition to Staphylococcus aureus nowadays other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), earlier considered of minor importance, are now accepted as relevant pathogens for humans and animals. The involvement of these microorganisms in bovine mastitis etiology and the possibility their transmission through milk to humans justify the requirement of developing reliable methods for identification of the most frequent species among them. The purpose of this study was to compare the phenotypic techniques with the genotypic method carried out by sequencing of the rpoB gene in identification of several species of the genus Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis. A total of 300 staphylococci isolates of bovine mastitis cases from several Brazilian dairy herds were studied by phenotypic and genotypic techniques, respectively: 150 CoPS and 150 CoNS strains. A total of 18 CoNS different species and 4 CoPS species were identified. Among the CoNS the following species were recognized: 48 (32%) Staphylococcus warneri, 22(15%) S. epidermidis, 20(13%) S. hyicus, 10(7%) S. xylosus, 7(5%) S. haemolyticus, 6(4%) S. simulans, 6(4%) S. schleiferi subsp schleiferi, 6(4%) S. hominis, 5(3%) S. pasteuri, 4(2.7%) S. cohnii, 3(2%) S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus 3(2%) S. chromogenes 3(2%) S. sciuri, 2(1%) S. saccharolyticus, 2(1%) S. lugdunensi, 1(0,7%) S. auricularis, 1(70%) S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis, 1(0.7%) S. capitis. And among the 150 CoPS were identified respectively: 105 (70%) S. aureus, 21(14%), S. hyicus, 19(13%) S. intermedius e 5(3%) S. schleiferi subsp coagulans. Considering the 150 CoNS isolates, the identifications performed by phenotypic and genotypic tests presented 96.7% of concordance, kappa coefficient of agreement = 0.933, SE (standard error) of kappa=0.021 (95% confidence interval: 0.893 to 0.974), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9977, (confidence interval 95%: 0.9938 a 0.9992) and in relation to 150 CPS isolates it was detected an agreement of 98.7%, kappa = 0.960, SE of kappa = 0.016, (95% confidence interval: 0.929 to 0.992) Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9994 (95% confidence interval: 0.9681 to 1.0000). The verified agreement strength between the identification methods can be considered as excellent. These results assure that according to laboratory resources any of them will be suitable to perform the staphylococci identification.
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Gómez P, Casado C, Sáenz Y, Ruiz-Ripa L, Estepa V, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Diversity of species and antimicrobial resistance determinants of staphylococci in superficial waters in Spain. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw208. [PMID: 27798063 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to determine the presence and diversity of staphylococcal species in surface waters in La Rioja region (Spain), and to characterize recovered isolates. Staphylococci were detected in 42 of 47 evaluable samples, and 72 isolates were obtained, of which 13 were coagulase-positive (CoPS) and 59 were coagulase-negative (CoNS). Twelve CoPS were identified as S. aureus and typed as follows (number of strains): t002/t502/ST5 (four), t10668/ST425 (one), t10712//ST1643 (one), t843/ST130 (one), t10855/ST2461 (one), t3369/ST2657 (one), t1166/ST133 (one), t8083/ST2049 (one) and t045/ST2460 (one); and one as S. pseudintermedius ST147. Virulence genes tst, cna and lukS/F-I were detected, and one strain showed the immune evasion cluster type F. Regarding CoNS, 12 different species were recovered (number of strains): S. epidermidis (11), S. vitulinus (10), S. sciuri (nine), S. fleurettii (seven), S. lentus (six), S. simulans (five), S. xylosus (four), S. chromogenes (two), S. hominis (two), and S. equorum, S. succinus and S. warneri (one each). Fourteen CoNS isolates presented a multidrug resistance phenotype, with the following resistance genes: blaZ, mecA, fusB, fusC, erm(C), mph(C), erm(A), msr(A)/(B), mph(C), ant(4')-Ia, tet(K), tet(L), catpc194 and str The high diversity of staphylococcal species, as well as multiple resistance and virulence genes, highlights the importance of surface waters as a temporary reservoir and source of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Cristina Casado
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Vanesa Estepa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain .,Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Arbulu S, Jiménez JJ, Gútiez L, Campanero C, Del Campo R, Cintas LM, Herranz C, Hernández PE. Evaluation of bacteriocinogenic activity, safety traits and biotechnological potential of fecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus subsp. fulvus). BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:228. [PMID: 27688001 PMCID: PMC5041338 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are part of the gut microbiota and produce ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins with interest as natural food preservatives and therapeutic agents. Bacteriocin-producing LAB are also attractive as probiotics. Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus subspecies fulvus) are scavenger birds that feed almost exclusively on carrion without suffering apparent ill effects. Therefore, griffon vultures might be considered a reservoir of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential biotechnological applications. Results Griffon vulture feces were screened for LAB with antimicrobial activity, genes encoding bacteriocins, potential virulence determinants, susceptibility to antibiotics, genotyping and characterization of bacteriocins. In this study, from 924 LAB evaluated 332 isolates (36 %) showed direct antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria only. The molecular identification of the most antagonistic 95 isolates showed that enterococci was the largest LAB group with antimicrobial activity (91 %) and E. faecium (40 %) the most identified antagonistic species. The evaluation of the presence of bacteriocin structural genes in 28 LAB isolates with the highest bacteriocinogenic activity in their supernatants determined that most enterococcal isolates (75 %) encoded multiple bacteriocins, being enterocin A (EntA) the largest identified (46 %) bacteriocin. Most enterococci (88 %) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. ERIC-PCR and MLST techniques permitted genotyping and recognition of the potential safety of the bacteriocinogenic enterococci. A multiple-step chromatographic procedure, determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified bacteriocins by Edman degradation and a MALDI TOF/TOF tandem MS procedure permitted characterization of bacteriocins present in supernatants of producer cells. Conclusions Enterococci was the largest LAB group with bacteriocinogenic activity isolated from griffon vulture feces. Among the isolates, E. faecium M3K31 has been identified as producer of enterocin HF (EntHF), a bacteriocin with remarkable antimicrobial activity against most evaluated Listeria spp. and of elevated interest as a natural food preservative. E. faecium M3K31 would be also considered a safe probiotic strain for use in animal nutrition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0840-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arbulu
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Gútiez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campanero
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo E Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Divergent Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Pathways in Staphylococcus Species Constitute a Drug Target for Treating Infections in Companion Animals. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00258-16. [PMID: 27704053 PMCID: PMC5040788 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00258-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Staphylococcus species are a major concern in human and veterinary medicine. There is a need for new antibiotics that exhibit a selective effect in treating infections in companion and livestock animals and that would not be used to treat human bacterial infections. We have identified fosmidomycin as an antibiotic that selectively targets certain Staphylococcus species that are often encountered in skin infections in cats and dogs. These findings expand our understanding of Staphylococcus evolution and may have direct implications for treating staphylococcal infections in veterinary medicine. Staphylococcus species are a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in humans and animals, and the antibiotics used to treat these infections are often the same. Methicillin- and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections are becoming more common in human and veterinary medicine. From a “One Health” perspective, this overlap in antibiotic use and resistance raises concerns over the potential spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis revealed that Staphylococcus species use divergent pathways to synthesize isoprenoids. Species frequently associated with skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, including S. schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius, use the nonmevalonate pathway. In contrast, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. lugdunensis use the mevalonate pathway. The antibiotic fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of the nonmevalonate pathway, was effective in killing canine clinical staphylococcal isolates but had no effect on the growth or survival of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. These data identify an essential metabolic pathway in Staphylococcus that differs among members of this genus and suggest that drugs such as fosmidomycin, which targets enzymes in the nonmevalonate pathway, may be an effective treatment for certain staphylococcal infections. IMPORTANCE Drug-resistant Staphylococcus species are a major concern in human and veterinary medicine. There is a need for new antibiotics that exhibit a selective effect in treating infections in companion and livestock animals and that would not be used to treat human bacterial infections. We have identified fosmidomycin as an antibiotic that selectively targets certain Staphylococcus species that are often encountered in skin infections in cats and dogs. These findings expand our understanding of Staphylococcus evolution and may have direct implications for treating staphylococcal infections in veterinary medicine.
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Collaborative Interferon-γ and Interleukin-17 Signaling Protects the Oral Mucosa from Staphylococcus aureus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2337-52. [PMID: 27470712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Staphylococcus aureus are a continuing and growing problem in community and hospital settings. Preclinical animal modeling of S. aureus relies on experimental infection, which carries some limitations. We describe here a novel, spontaneous model of oral staphylococcal infection in double knockout mice, deficient in the receptors for IL-17 (IL-17RA) and interferon (IFN)-γ (IFNγRI), beginning at 6 to 8 weeks of age. IFNγRI(-/-)IL17RA(-/-) (GRAKO) mice developed progressive oral abscesses. Cytometric methods revealed extensive neutrophilic infiltration of oral tissues in GRAKO mice; further investigation evidenced that IL-17 predominated neutrophil defects in these mice. To investigate the contribution of IFN-γ signaling to this native host defense to S. aureus, we observed perturbations of monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation in the oral tissues of GRAKO mice, and CXCL9/chemokine ligand receptor (CXCR)3-driven recruitment of T-cell oral tissues and draining lymph nodes. To address the former finding, we depleted macrophages and monocytes in vivo from IL17RA(-/-) mice using liposomes loaded with clodronate. This treatment elicited oral abscesses, recapitulating the phenotype of GRAKO mice. From these findings, we propose novel collaborative functions of IL-17 and IFN-γ, acting through neutrophils and macrophages, respectively, in native mucocutaneous host defenses to S. aureus.
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Han HW, Chang HC, Chang TC. Identification of Staphylococcus spp. and detection of mecA by an oligonucleotide array. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:23-9. [PMID: 27342780 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is difficult and many staphylococcal species carry mecA. This study developed an array that was able to detect mecA and identify 30 staphylococcal species by targeting the internal transcribed spacer regions. A total of 129 target reference strains (30 species) and 434 clinical isolates of staphylococci were analyzed. Gene sequencing of 16S rRNA, gap or tuf genes was the reference method for species identification. All reference strains (100%) were correctly identified, while the identification rates of clinical isolates of S. aureus and CoNS were 98.9% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for mecA detection were 99% and 100%, respectively, in S. aureus isolates, and both values were 100% in isolates of CoNS. The assay takes 6 h from a purified culture isolate, and so far it has not been performed directly on patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wen Han
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien Chang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung Chain Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Gómez P, Lozano C, Benito D, Estepa V, Tenorio C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Characterization of staphylococci in urban wastewater treatment plants in Spain, with detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:71-76. [PMID: 26840519 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus in urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTP) of La Rioja (Spain), and to characterize de obtained isolates. 16 wastewater samples (8 influent, 8 effluent) of six UWTPs were seeded on mannitol-salt-agar and oxacillin-resistance-screening-agar-base for staphylococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovery. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined for 16 antibiotics and the presence of 35 antimicrobial resistance genes and 14 virulence genes by PCR. S. aureus was typed by spa, agr, and multilocus-sequence-typing, and the presence of immune-evasion-genes cluster was analyzed. Staphylococcus spp. were detected in 13 of 16 tested wastewater samples (81%), although the number of CFU/mL decreased after treatment. 40 staphylococci were recovered (1-5/sample), and 8 of them were identified as S. aureus being typed as (number of strains): spa-t011/agr-II/ST398 (1), spa-t002/agr-II/ST5 (2), spa-t3262/agr-II/ST5 (1), spa-t605/agr-II/ST126 (3), and spa-t878/agr-III/ST2849 (1). S. aureus ST398 strain was methicillin-resistant and showed a multidrug resistance phenotype. Virulence genes tst, etd, sea, sec, seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and seu, were detected among S. aureus and only ST5 strains showed genes of immune evasion cluster. Thirty-two coagulase-negative Staphylococcus of 12 different species were recovered (number of strains): Staphylococcus equorum (7), Staphylococcus vitulinus (4), Staphylococcus lentus (4), Staphylococcus sciuri (4), Staphylococcus fleurettii (2), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2), Staphylococcus hominis (2), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (2), Staphylococcus succinus (2), Staphylococcus capitis (1), Staphylococcus cohnii (1), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1). Five presented a multidrug resistance phenotype. The following resistance and virulence genes were found: mecA, lnu(A), vga(A), tet(K), erm(C), msr(A)/(B), mph(C), tst, and sem. We found that Staphylococcus spp. are normal contaminants of urban wastewater, including different lineages of S. aureus and a high diversity of coagulase-negative species. The presence of multiple resistance and virulence genes, including mecA, in staphylococci of wastewater can be a concern for the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gómez
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Daniel Benito
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Vanesa Estepa
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Tenorio
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Food and Agriculture, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Sousa M, Silva N, Igrejas G, Sargo R, Benito D, Gómez P, Lozano C, Manageiro V, Torres C, Caniça M, Poeta P. Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Among Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Recovered from Birds of Prey in Portugal. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:727-730. [PMID: 26990729 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animal populations in contact with antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant bacteria that are daily released into the environment are able to become unintentional hosts of these resistant microorganisms. To clarify this issue, our study evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants on coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from birds of prey and studied their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The unusual vga(A) and erm(T) genes, which confer resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively, were detected in Staphylococcus sciuri or Staphylococcus xylosus strains and the tet(K) gene in Staphylococcus kloosii. The PFGE patterns showed that three S. xylosus (isolated of Strix aluco and Otus scops) and two S. sciuri (recovered from Strix aluco and Milvus migrans) were clonally indistinguishable. These animals could be a source of unusual antimicrobial resistance determinants for highly used antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Sousa
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .,2 Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,3 Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain .,5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Silva
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .,2 Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,6 Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, UK
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- 3 Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,7 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal .,8 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon , Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Roberto Sargo
- 9 Wild Birds' Recovering Center (CRAS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniel Benito
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Gómez
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Vera Manageiro
- 5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .,10 Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA/ICETA), University of Oporto , Oporto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- 4 Department of Food and Agriculture (FCEAI), Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, University of La Rioja (UR) , Logroño, Spain
| | - Manuela Caniça
- 5 National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AR-HAI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (NIH) , Lisboa, Portugal .,10 Centre for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA/ICETA), University of Oporto , Oporto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) , Vila Real, Portugal .,8 UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon , Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Rahman B, Ownagh A, Mardani K, Farrokhi Ardebili F. Prevalence and molecular characterization of staphylococci isolated from sheep with subclinical mastitis in West-Azerbaijan province, Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2016; 7:155-62. [PMID: 27482361 PMCID: PMC4959344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp. in ewes in West-Azerbaijan province of Iran. Molecular characterization of isolated Staphylococcus spp. from diseased ewes were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gap) gene. Also, antibiotic resistance of staphylococcal isolates against different antibiotics was investigated. A total number of 900 milk samples from 450 native ewes in their mid-lactation period were examined by the California mastitis test (CMT). The CMT positive samples were cultured and bacteria were isolated from 86 (9.50%) glands and 74 (16.40%) ewes. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the examined ewes was 16.40%. Microbiological analysis of milk samples revealed that 27 out of 74 sheep with subclinical mastitis were infected with Staphylococcus spp. Amplification of gap gene of 27 Staphylococcus isolates generated a single amplicon of 933 bp in size confirming that isolates were belonged to Staphylococcus genus. Digestion of PCR products by AluI endonuclease generated different RFLP patterns for each species. Nucleotide sequencing of gap gene followed by phylogenetic analysis showed that the most dominant Staphylococcus species were S. epidermidis, S. xylosus and S. chromogenes. Staphylococcal isolates showed the highest resistance to penicillin and ampicillin. In conclusion, Staphylococcus species, except for the southern parts of the province, play an important role in the development of subclinical mastitis in sheep in West-Azerbaijan province of Iran. Also, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and neomycin are the most effective antibiotics for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentolhoda Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Abdolghaffar Ownagh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;,Correspondence: Abdolghaffar Ownagh. DVM, DVSc, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Karim Mardani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,
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