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Dudhane RA, Bankar NJ, Shelke YP, Badge AK. The Rise of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infections in India: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention. Cureus 2023; 15:e46699. [PMID: 38021876 PMCID: PMC10630329 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections (NTS) are a growing concern in India, posing a significant health risk to the population. These infections are becoming more common at worrisome rates, primarily because of inadequate surveillance. Salmonella non-typhoidal causes severe gastroenteritis and can even cause invasive infections, such as bacteremia, and focal infections, such as meningitis and septic arthritis, and is acquired through contaminated food and water sources. From moderate to severe, the symptoms might vary. Certain serovars exhibit a stronger propensity for specific syndromes, with serious infections more commonly observed in vulnerable populations. Consuming contaminated food, using inadequate sanitation procedures while handling meat from animals slaughtered, and contaminated water supplies are some of the causes of these diseases. Proper food and water treatment, better sanitary facilities, public awareness campaigns, and adherence to food safety laws are all part of prevention measures. The issue of antimicrobial resistance further emphasizes the necessity for prudent antibiotic usage. The Indian government has put in place programs including public awareness campaigns, better sanitary facilities, and stricter food safety laws. In the future, efforts should, however, concentrate on improving laws, boosting hygienic practices, and funding the development of new medicines and vaccines. These actions will lessen the burden of NTS infections in India by assisting in their prevention and management. This review aims to understand the reasons for this growing tendency, which is essential for creating efficient control and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika A Dudhane
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nandkishor J Bankar
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Yogendra P Shelke
- Microbiology, Bhaktshreshtha Kamalakarpant Laxmanrao Walwalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, IND
| | - Ankit K Badge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Syed Abu Thahir S, Rajendiran S, Shaharudin R, Veloo Y. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1330. [PMID: 37627750 PMCID: PMC10451245 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and persistent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in low-income countries have received growing attention among the public and scientific community. Notably, the excessive use of antibiotics in chicken feed for the purpose of treatment or as prophylaxis in the poultry industry have led to a rising rate of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella species and its mobile genetic elements from soil and effluent samples of 33 randomly selected poultry farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Salmonella species were isolated on selective media (CHROMagar™ Salmonella). VITEK® 2 system was used to identify the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Subsequently, eight isolates were subjected to the whole genome sequencing (WGS). Based on the results, Salmonella spp. was detected in 38.1% (24/63) of samples, with the highest resistance to ampicillin (62.5%), followed by ampicillin/sulbactam (50.0%) and ciprofloxacin (45.8%). Meanwhile, the identified serovars were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden), S. Jedburgh, and S. Brancaster. The most prevalent resistance genes detected include qnrS1, blaTEM-176, dfrA14, and tet(A). The IncX1 plasmid, with encoded resistance genes, was also detected in four isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the quinolone resistant-determining regions (QRDR) were discovered, specifically in the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes. In short, surveillance such as continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and emerging trends in resistance patterns through farm environmental samples could provide information to formulate public health interventions for effective infection prevention and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Sakshaleni Rajendiran
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Rafiza Shaharudin
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
| | - Yuvaneswary Veloo
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40107, Malaysia
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3
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Tan IYL, Gendeh H, Mat Baki M, Md Zin RR, Goh BS. A Diagnostic Conundrum: Tuberculosis or Salmonella Neck Abscess? Cureus 2023; 15:e37224. [PMID: 37159791 PMCID: PMC10163961 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous neck abscesses are commonly associated with tuberculosis (TB). These chronic inflammatory reactions are rarely seen in Salmonella non-typhi (SN) infections. We report two cases of SN granuloma presenting as neck abscesses in poultry farmers. TB polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were negative. Histopathology reported necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Salmonella species are known to cause true granulomas in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. To the best of our knowledge, true granulomas have not been described in cervical lymph nodes. The aim of this report was to highlight the importance of considering other causative microbiological agents in cases of granulomatous neck abscesses. The patients recovered after receiving treatment with surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotics.
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Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections across India: emergence of a neglected group of enteric pathogens. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:747-754. [PMID: 36050954 PMCID: PMC9396057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) are a neglected group of enteric pathogens whose prevalence is increasing at alarming rates across India. The disease burden is being underestimated because of a lack of effective surveillance of NTS infections in the Indian population. This study depicts the acquisition of NTS infection, and its persistence and spread through a diverse range of hosts, including humans and animals, and food and environmental sources. Methods During the study period from 2016 to 2018, a total of 999 suspected NTS isolates were received from across India and were phenotypically and serologically characterized for the presence of NTS. Results Of the 999 isolates, 539 (53.95%) were confirmed as NTS, consisting of 17 different NTS serovars. The majority were isolated from human samples (n = 319, 59.18%), followed by food products (n = 99, 18.37%), animals (n = 83, 15.4%) and the environment (n = 38, 7.05%). Some predominant serovars obtained included S. Typhimurium (n = 167, 30.98%), S. Lindenberg (n = 135, 25.05%), S. Enteritidis (n = 56, 10.39%), S. Weltevreden (n = 44, 8.16%), S. Choleraesuis (n = 41, 7.61%) and S. Mathura (n = 33, 6.12%). Conclusion This study depicts the NTS disease burden across India, on the basis of the isolation of NTS serovars across diverse geographic locations. The emergence of newer or less common NTS serovars implicated in human infection poses a potential challenge to the healthcare system in India. Therefore, national and regional level surveillance is needed to implement effective control strategies and safeguard community health in India.
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Karabasanavar N, Sivaraman GK, S P S, Nair AS, Vijayan A, Rajan V, P S G. Non-diarrhoeic pigs as source of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1039-1049. [PMID: 35128626 PMCID: PMC9151962 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-producing animals act as reservoirs of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars with potential food safety and public health implications. The present cross-sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in non-diarrhoeic pigs and characterizing the isolates using molecular tools. Salmonella isolates (n = 22) recovered from faecal samples of 194 randomly selected pigs were characterized for virulence and antimicrobial resistance and subtyped using XbaI-PFGE. The prevalence of Salmonella in apparently healthy non-diarrhoeic pigs was 11.3% (95%CI, 4.3-19.5%), with S. Weltevreden (81.8%) and S. Enteritidis (18.2%) being the serotypes detected. Salmonella isolates harboured virulence genes such as invA (100%), stn (100%), spvR/spvC (86.3%) and fimA (22.7%). Phenotypically, isolates showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin (100%), streptomycin (86.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (63.6%), cefotaxime (22.7%) and ceftriaxone (9.1%). Notably, 18.2% isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥ 3 antimicrobial class) with multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index of 0.56-0.67 (18.2%), 0.44 (45.5%), 0.33 (31.8%) and 0.22 (4.5%). Genotypically, isolates carried various antibiotic resistance genes: ESBL (blaTEM and blaOXA), aminoglycoside (strA, strB and aadA1), sulphonamide (sul1, sul2 and dfrA1), tetracycline (tetA and tetB) and plasmid AmpC beta-lactamase (ACC, FOX, MOX, DHA, CIT and EBC). The present investigation emphasizes the epidemiological significance of PFGE typing in the detection of emerging strains of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant S. Weltevreden and S. Enteritidis in non-diarrhoeic pigs that pose serious public health implications in the pork supply chain environment. More extensive longitudinal study is warranted to provide epidemiological links between environmental reservoirs and animal and human infections in piggery settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagappa Karabasanavar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University), Vidyanagar, Hassan, 573 202, Karnataka, India.
| | - G K Sivaraman
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 682 029, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesha S P
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University), Vidyanagar, Hassan, 573 202, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana S Nair
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University), Vidyanagar, Hassan, 573 202, Karnataka, India
| | - Ardhra Vijayan
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 682 029, Kerala, India
| | - Vineeth Rajan
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, 682 029, Kerala, India
| | - Girish P S
- ICAR National Research Centre On Meat, Hyderabad, 500 092, Telangana, India
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6
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Mao P, Deng X, Yan L, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Yang C, Xu Y, Liu X, Li Y. Whole-Genome Sequencing Elucidates the Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an Intensive Care Unit. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715568. [PMID: 34589072 PMCID: PMC8473952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is a frequent cause of healthcare-acquired infections, particularly in critically ill patients, and is of serious concern due to its potential for acquired multidrug resistance. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used to obtain a high-resolution view of relationships between isolates, which helps in controlling healthcare-acquired infections. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to identify epidemic situations and assess the percentage of transmission in intensive care units (ICUs). Multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB) were continuously isolated from the lower respiratory tract of different patients (at the first isolation in our ICU). We performed WGS, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) analyses to elucidate bacterial relatedness and to compare the performance of conventional methods with WGS for typing MDR-AB. From June 2017 to August 2018, A. baumannii complex strains were detected in 124 of 796 patients during their ICU stays, 103 of which were MDR-AB. Then we subjected 70 available MDR-AB strains to typing with WGS, PFGE, and MLST. Among the 70 A. baumannii isolates, 38 (54.29%) were isolated at admission, and 32(45.71%) were acquisition isolates. MLST identified 12 unique sequence types, a novel ST (ST2367) was founded. PFGE revealed 16 different pulsotypes. Finally, 38 genotypes and 23 transmissions were identified by WGS. Transmission was the main mode of MDR-AB acquisition in our ICU. Our results demonstrated that WGS was a discriminatory technique for epidemiological healthcare-infection studies. The technique should greatly benefit the identification of epidemic situations and controlling transmission events in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Nguyen KT, Hasegawa M, Vo TMT, Huynh TL, Nagata E, Ly TLK, Taniguchi T, Hayashidani H. Wild geckos considered as the natural reservoir of Salmonella Weltevreden in Southeast Asian countries. Zoonoses Public Health 2021; 68:815-822. [PMID: 34151522 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1,318 wild geckos were collected in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam (Hue and the Mekong Delta) from 2012 to 2015 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Weltevreden. Those geckos belong to three species: common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), flat-tailed house gecko (Hemidactylus platyurus) and four-clawed gecko (Gehyra mutilata). Of 1,318 gecko samples, 293 (22.2%) samples were positive for Salmonella in this study. The prevalence of Salmonella in geckos was 46.0% in Thailand, 17.3% in Cambodia and 16.3% in Vietnam. Among the Salmonella isolates, S. Weltevreden was the most predominant serovar (32.1%) isolated from wild geckos in these countries. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Salmonella among gecko species. All S. Weltevreden isolates (100%) were susceptible to the nine antibiotics examined in this study. The PFGE assay by XbaI enzyme identified 19 different patterns from 75 S. Weltevreden isolates. These isolates showed high genetic heterogenicity, and there were specific types prevalent in each region. Furthermore, S. Weltevreden has been prevalent since the ancient times in this region. The results indicate that wild gecko seems to be an important natural reservoir for S. Weltevreden as well as a source of Salmonella infections in humans in Southeast Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Thuan Nguyen
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Mizuki Hasegawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thi Minh Tam Vo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam
| | | | - Emi Nagata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Baert L, Gimonet J, Barretto C, Fournier C, Jagadeesan B. Genetic changes are introduced by repeated exposure of Salmonella spiked in low water activity and high fat matrix to heat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8144. [PMID: 33854082 PMCID: PMC8046991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
WGS is used to define if isolates are "in" or "out" of an outbreak and/or microbial root cause investigation. No threshold of genetic differences is fixed and the conclusions on similarity between isolates are mainly based on the knowledge generated from previous outbreak investigations and reported mutation rates. Mutation rates in Salmonella when exposed to food processing conditions are lacking. Thus, in this study, the ability of heat and dry stress to cause genetic changes in two Salmonella serotypes frequently isolated from low moisture foods was investigated. S. enterica serovars S. Agona ATCC 51,957 and S. Mbandaka NCTC 7892 (ATCC 51,958) were repeatedly exposed to heat (90 °C for 5 min) in a low water activity and high fat matrix. No increased fitness of the strains was observed after 10 repeated heat treatments. However, genetic changes were introduced and the number of genetic differences increased with every heat treatment cycle. The genetic changes appeared randomly in the genome and were responsible for a population of diverse isolates with 0 to 28 allelic differences (0 to 38 SNPs) between them. This knowledge is key to interpret WGS results for source tracking investigations as part of a root cause analysis in a contamination event as isolates are exposed to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Baert
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johan Gimonet
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barretto
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Fournier
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Al-Maqbali AA, Al-Abri SS, Vidyanand V, Al-Abaidani I, Al-Balushi AS, Bawikar S, El Amir E, Al-Azri S, Kumar R, Al-Rashdi A, Al-Jardani AK. Community Foodborne of Salmonella Weltevreden Outbreak at Northern Governorate, Sultanate of Oman. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:224-229. [PMID: 33969949 PMCID: PMC8242109 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.210404.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the course of a community gastroenteritis outbreak by Salmonella and implement interventional activities and roles to prevent occurring such an outbreak in the future. METHODS From August 27 to 2 September 2015, 101 individuals were reported among a local community. All affected individuals had a history of food consumption at a local restaurant. A rapid response team conducted active surveillance and interview with the affected individuals and workers of the restaurant. Food items and stools from food handlers and affected individuals were cultured and sent for genotyping. An environmental audit of the restaurant had been conducted. RESULTS The total majority of the affected individuals were male and more than 70% belonged to the young age group from 15 to 45 years. Out of the total, 97% had diarrhea, 70% fever, 56% abdominal cramps and 49% vomiting. All those affected were managed symptomatically except for 14 cases admitted for intravenous rehydration. Breakdown of food safety and basic personal hygiene were detected in the environment of the restaurant and among the workers. There are 39 out of 49 stool cultures of cases, six out of 18 food handlers, and five food samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The identical DNA fingerprinting pattern among S. Weltevreden strains originating from human cases and food was detected. CONCLUSION This is the first reported community foodborne of S. Weltevreden outbreak in Oman. The importance of food safety and rigors environmental safety is emphasized. Basic personal hygiene and training of food handlers in restaurants are recommended with public health measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Al-Maqbali
- Ministry of Health, Directorate of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control-NBG, Sohar, Oman
| | - Seif S Al-Abri
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Disease Surveillance and Control, Muscat, Oman
| | - V Vidyanand
- Ministry of Health, Directorate of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control-NBG, Sohar, Oman
| | - Idris Al-Abaidani
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Disease Surveillance and Control, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amal S Al-Balushi
- Ministry of Health, Directorate of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control-NBG, Sohar, Oman
| | - Shyam Bawikar
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Disease Surveillance and Control, Muscat, Oman
| | - Emadeldin El Amir
- Ministry of Health, Directorate of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Control-NBG, Sohar, Oman
| | - Saleh Al-Azri
- Ministry of Health, Central Public Health Laboratory, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ministry of Health, Central Public Health Laboratory, Muscat, Oman
| | - Azza Al-Rashdi
- Ministry of Health, Central Public Health Laboratory, Muscat, Oman
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10
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Tarazi YH, Dwekat AFA, Ismail ZB. Molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates from river and dam water, irrigated vegetables, livestock, and poultry manures in Jordan. Vet World 2021; 14:813-819. [PMID: 33935432 PMCID: PMC8076478 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.813-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Salmonellosis is an important food-borne and zoonotic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. The objectives of this study were to isolate, serotype, and genetically characterize Salmonella spp. from Zarqa river and King Talal dam waters, vegetables irrigated by such waters, and manure of poultry and livestock farms located in the Zarqa river basin in Jordan. In addition, certain virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella strains were determined. Materials and Methods A total of 250 samples were cultured using routine microbiological methods. Suspected Salmonella spp. were identified based on colony morphology and confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. Virulence genes including invA, stn, and pCT plasmid were detected using multiplex PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results In total, 32/250 (12.8%) Salmonella spp. isolates were recovered from different sources. Of these, the most common serotype was Salmonella subspecies 1 (23 isolates), followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (4 isolates), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (3 isolates), and finally Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (2 isolates). The PFGE indicated that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from poultry manure and from parsley were closely related (84.6%). Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from the dam water was closely related to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from spearmint (73.8%). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from the river and dam water were 100% related to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from lettuce. In the antimicrobial sensitivity test, 14 out of 32 (43.8%) isolated Salmonella strains were resistant to two or more of the major antimicrobial agent groups. However, the majority of isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin (97%, 93.8%, and 87.5%, 84.4%, respectively). All isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxicillin. Conclusion Results of this study indicate a serious potential threat to public health associated with consuming leafy green vegetables grown on the banks of Zarqa river and its dam because of widespread Salmonella spp. contamination. Appropriate monitoring of irrigation water must be applied to reduce the possibility of cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser H Tarazi
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Abdallah F Al Dwekat
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Zuhair Bani Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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11
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Gunasena JB, De Silva ST. An unusual case of sepsis due to Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden, an emerging pathogen of non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Trop Doct 2021; 51:634-637. [PMID: 33530877 DOI: 10.1177/0049475520979302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden is identified as an emerging pathogen, especially in the South and Southeast Asian regions. A 45-year-old male presented with an acute febrile illness, disoriented and confused. Blood culture became positive for Salmonellae enterica serovar Weltevreden. The patient was started on intravenous Ceftriaxone. Despite aggressive management, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome with septic shock, which required intubation and mechanical ventilation. On the 11th day of admission, he succumbed due to sepsis from peritonitis with bowel infarction. Severe sepsis due to S. Weltevreden is rare. Diabetes, malignancy, therapeutic immune suppression may predispose to invasive disease. Biochemical similarities to other Salmonella species may lead to S. Weltevreden being overlooked by clinicians. Isolates from around the world remain sensitive to most freely available antibiotics. Emergence of resistance to common antimicrobial agents could pose an obvious public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha B Gunasena
- Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department, University Medical Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Shamila T De Silva
- Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department, University Medical Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
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12
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Nguyen TK, Bui HT, Truong TA, Lam DN, Ikeuchi S, Ly LKT, Hara-Kudo Y, Taniguchi T, Hayashidani H. Retail fresh vegetables as a potential source of Salmonella infection in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 341:109049. [PMID: 33493824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
From July 2017 to Jan 2019, a total of 572 retail fresh vegetables were collected to clarify the contamination of Salmonella in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Salmonella was isolated from 74 (12.9%) of 572 samples. The isolation rate of Salmonella from retail fresh vegetables in the rainy season (15.3%) was significantly higher than that in the dry season (7.6%) (P < 0.05). Of 74 Salmonella isolates, Salmonella Weltevreden was the most predominant serovar (35.1%) identified from retail fresh vegetables in all of the wet markets. All S. Weltevreden isolates (100%) were susceptible to nine antibiotics examined. Thus, retail fresh vegetables were considered as an important potential vehicle of Salmonella transmission to humans in the Mekong Delta. These results provide important data for preventing and controlling human salmonellosis in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Khanh Nguyen
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; Can Tho University, Capus II, 3/2 street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Hien Thi Bui
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thy Anh Truong
- Can Tho University, Capus II, 3/2 street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Diep Ngoc Lam
- Can Tho University, Capus II, 3/2 street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Shunsuke Ikeuchi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lien Khai Thi Ly
- Can Tho University, Capus II, 3/2 street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takahide Taniguchi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashidani
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan.
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Distribution of Salmonella Serovars in Humans, Foods, Farm Animals and Environment, Companion and Wildlife Animals in Singapore. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165774. [PMID: 32785026 PMCID: PMC7460486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the epidemiological distribution of Salmonella serovars in humans, foods, animals and the environment as a One-Health step towards identifying risk factors for human salmonellosis. Throughout the 2012-2016 period, Salmonella ser. Enteritidis was consistently the predominating serovar attributing to >20.0% of isolates in humans. Other most common serovars in humans include Salmonella ser. Stanley, Salmonella ser. Weltevreden, Salmonella ser. Typhimurium and Salmonella ser. 4,5,12:b:-(dT+). S. Enteritidis was also the most frequent serovar found among the isolates from chicken/chicken products (28.5%) and eggs/egg products (61.5%) during the same period. In contrast, S. Typhimurium (35.2%) and Salmonella ser. Derby (18.8%) were prevalent in pork/pork products. S. Weltevreden was more frequent in seafood (19.2%) than others (≤3.0%). Most isolates (>80.0%) from farms, companion and wildlife animals belonged to serovars other than S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium. Findings demonstrate the significance of a One-Health investigative approach to understand the epidemiology Salmonella for more effective and integrated surveillance systems.
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Contamination Status of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in Surface and Groundwater of the Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12082187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Waterborne diseases are a global problem that causes more than 2.2 million deaths annually. Therefore, the present study was focused on microbiological contamination of both ground and surface water by means of total coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Seventy two groundwater and 45 surface water sampling locations were selected to collect water from the head, transitional and meandering regions of the Kelani River Basin for a period of one year (both dry and wet seasons). The results of the study revealed that the entire Kelani River basin was contaminated with total coliform and E. coli bacteria and almost all the sampling locations exceed Sri Lanka Standards Institute (SLSI) guideline value given for drinking water (0 CFU/100 mL). Further, in groundwater, 17 locations were positive for Salmonella spp., whereas only 2 locations were positive for Campylobacter spp. In surface water, 26 and three sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp., respectively. In this study, 23 different human pathogenic serovars were isolated and the Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky was identified as the commonest type. Thus, the result of the study revealed that the consumption of raw water from the Kelani River Basin is unsafe and possible to cause gastrointestinal diseases.
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Salmonella in Retail Food and Wild Birds in Singapore-Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Sequence Types. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214235. [PMID: 31683716 PMCID: PMC6862270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne zoonosis. To better understand the epidemiology of human salmonellosis, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and sequence types of Salmonella in retail food and wild birds (proximity to humans) in Singapore. We analyzed 21,428 cooked and ready-to-eat food and 1,510 residual faecal samples of wild birds collected during 2010–2015. Thirty-two Salmonella isolates from food and wild birds were subjected to disc diffusion and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Salmonella was isolated from 0.08% (17/21,428) of food and 0.99% (15/1510) of wild birds. None of the isolates from wild birds (n = 15) exhibited phenotypic resistance, while the isolates from food (47.1%, 8/17) showed a high prevalence of phenotypic resistance to, at least, one antimicrobial. These findings suggested that the avian Salmonella isolates had been subjected to less antimicrobial selection pressure than those from food samples. MLST revealed specific sequence types found in both food and wild birds. The study can guide future studies with whole-genome analysis on a larger number of isolates from various sectors for public health measures.
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Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B isolated from vegetables and processing environment in Malaysia. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 290:180-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Sudhaharan S, Kanne P, Vemu L, Bhaskara A. Extraintestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella from a tertiary care center in India. J Lab Physicians 2018; 10:401-405. [PMID: 30498311 PMCID: PMC6210840 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_79_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infection with Salmonella has become an increasing problem worldwide. Recently, nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) has become a global concern causing threat to the health of human. It causes gastrointestinal infection which may be self-limiting, but invasive infections may be fatal, requiring appropriate therapy. This study was done to analyze the spectrum of NTS infections causing extraintestinal infections and its susceptibility pattern from a tertiary care center in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 27 patients whose cultures were positive for NTS between the years 2013–2016 were included in this retrospective study. The relevant demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 27 patients, predominant patients were in the age group of 20–30 years. The male to female ratio is 1.7:1. Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant NTS isolated among 15/27 (55.5%), followed by Salmonella enteritidis 4/27 (14.8%). 18/27 (66.6%) of NTS were isolated from blood. Nalidixic acid was sensitive in 2/15 of S. typhimurium, 2/4 of S. enteritidis and 1/3 of Salmonella weltevreden, while others are nalidixic acid-resistant implying resistance to quinolones. They were sensitive to other antibiotics reported. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the spectrum of NTS causing extraintestinal infections which is an emerging infection occurring mostly in immunosuppressed individuals. There should be a high degree of clinical suspicion which would help in the early diagnosis and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sudhaharan
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Kanne
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshmi Vemu
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aparna Bhaskara
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Srisanga S, Angkititrakul S, Sringam P, Le Ho PT, T Vo AT, Chuanchuen R. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica isolated from pet dogs and cats. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:273-281. [PMID: 27586467 PMCID: PMC5639079 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica isolates (n = 122), including 32 serotypes from 113 dogs and 9 cats, were obtained from household dogs (n = 250) and cats (n = 50) during 2012-2015. The isolates were characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial resistance phenotyping and genotyping, and virulence gene screening. Serovars Weltevreden (15.6%) and Typhimurium (13.9%) were the most common. The majority (43%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The dog isolates (12.3%) harbored class 1 integrons, of which the dfrA12-aadA2 cassette was most frequent (66.7%). The only class integron in serovar Albany was located on a conjugative plasmid. Two ESBL-producing isolates (i.e., a serovar Krefeld and a serovar Enteritridis) carried blaTEM and blaCTX-M, and the blaTEM gene in both was horizontally transferred. Of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes tested, only qnrS (4.9%) was detected. Most Salmonella isolates harbored invA (100%), prgH (91.8%), and sipB (91%). Positive associations between resistance and virulence genes were observed for blaPSE-1/orgA, cmlA/span, tolC, and sul1/tolC (p < 0.05). The results suggest that companion dogs and cats are potential sources of S. enterica strains that carry resistance and virulence genes and that antimicrobial use in companion animals may select for the examined Salmonella virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsak Srisanga
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Foodborne Pathogens (in cooperation with WHO), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Research Group for Prevention Technology in Livestock, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Sringam
- Research Group for Prevention Technology in Livestock, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phuong T Le Ho
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - An T T Vo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring in Foodborne Pathogens (in cooperation with WHO), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Chuah LO, Shamila Syuhada AK, Mohamad Suhaimi I, Farah Hanim T, Rusul G. Genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Salmonella isolated from naturally contaminated poultry and their processing environment in northern Malaysia. Food Res Int 2018; 105:743-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Li K, Petersen G, Barco L, Hvidtfeldt K, Liu L, Dalsgaard A. Salmonella Weltevreden in integrated and non-integrated tilapia aquaculture systems in Guangdong, China. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:19-24. [PMID: 28400002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrated tilapia-pig farming, which uses manure from pigs as fertilizers in fish pond, is a traditional and common production system practised by small-scale farmers in South-east Asia. Although such systems may be environmentally sustainable, they also pose potential food safety hazards including transmission of faecal zoonotic pathogens and accumulation of antimicrobial and other chemical residues. This study aimed to determine differences in occurrence and characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from tilapia-pig and non-integrated aquaculture systems in Guangdong province, China. A total of 77 samples (9 pig feed, 19 fish feed, 9 pig faeces, 20 fish mucus and 20 fish intestine) from 10 tilapia-pig ponds and 10 non-integrated ponds were analysed. Salmonella spp. was found in fish mucus (20.0%), fish intestine (40.0%) and pig faeces (11.1%) from integrated ponds, and from fish mucus (40.0%) and fish intestine (40.0%) from non-integrated ponds. S. Weltevreden (76.5%) was by far the most common serovar showing limited antimicrobial resistance. One pig faeces sample contained S. Typhimurium whereas feed samples were found free of Salmonella spp.. DNA fingerprinting by the PFGE method showed a clonal relationship of S. Weltevreden which was supported by similar antimicrobial resistance patterns (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim resistance) as well as most isolates harbouring a 147-kb sized plasmid. The common finding of S. Weltevreden in both tilapia production systems indicates that this serovar may have a different ecology and increased survival in aquaculture environments in comparison with other Salmonella serovars. Further in vivo studies of the ecology of S. Weltevreden in aquaculture environments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gitte Petersen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lisa Barco
- OIE, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Kristian Hvidtfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Zishiri OT, Mkhize N, Mukaratirwa S. Prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical isolates from South Africa and Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 83:a1067. [PMID: 27247072 PMCID: PMC6238664 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a significant public health concern around the world. The injudicious use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production for treatment, growth promotion and prophylaxis has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes from Salmonella isolated from South African and Brazilian broiler chickens as well as human clinical isolates. Out of a total of 200 chicken samples that were collected from South Africa 102 (51%) tested positive for Salmonella using the InvA gene. Of the overall 146 Salmonella positive samples that were screened for the iroB gene most of them were confirmed to be Salmonella enterica with the following prevalence rates: 85% of human clinical samples, 68.6% of South African chicken isolates and 70.8% of Brazilian chicken samples. All Salmonella isolates obtained were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with 10 antibiotics. Salmonella isolates from South African chickens exhibited resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents used, such as tetracycline (93%), trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (84%), trimethoprim (78.4%), kanamycin (74%), gentamicin (48%), ampicillin (47%), amoxicillin (31%), chloramphenicol (31%), erythromycin (18%) and streptomycin (12%). All samples were further subjected to PCR in order to screen some common antimicrobial and virulence genes of interest namely spiC, pipD, misL, orfL, pse-1, tet A, tet B, ant (3")-la, sul 1 and sul. All Salmonella positive isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent; however, antimicrobial resistance patterns demonstrated that multiple drug resistance was prevalent. The findings provide evidence that broiler chickens are colonised by pathogenic Salmonella harbouring antimicrobial resistance genes. Therefore, it is evident that there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems in order to mitigate the proliferation of multiple drug resistance across species.
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22
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Budiati T, Rusul G, Wan-Abdullah WN, Chuah LO, Ahmad R, Thong KL. Genetic Relatedness of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) Obtained from Wet Markets and Ponds in Penang, Malaysia. J Food Prot 2016; 79:659-65. [PMID: 27052872 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A total of 43 Salmonella enterica isolates belonging to different serovars (Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Corvallis, Salmonella Stanley, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Mikawasima, and Salmonella Bovismorbificans) were isolated from catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) obtained from nine wet markets and eight ponds in Penang, Malaysia. Thirteen, 19, and 11 isolates were isolated from 9 of 32 catfish, 14 of 32 tilapia, and 11 of 44 water samples, respectively. Fish reared in ponds were fed chicken offal, spoiled eggs, and commercial fish feed. The genetic relatedness of these Salmonella isolates was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) using primer OPC2, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Composite analysis of the RAPD-PCR, REP-PCR, and PFGE results showed that the Salmonella serovars could be differentiated into six clusters and 15 singletons. RAPD-PCR differentiated the Salmonella isolates into 11 clusters and 10 singletons, while REP-PCR differentiated them into 4 clusters and 1 singleton. PFGE differentiated the Salmonella isolates into seven clusters and seven singletons. The close genetic relationship of Salmonella isolates from catfish or tilapia obtained from different ponds, irrespective of the type of feed given, may be caused by several factors, such as the quality of the water, density of fish, and size of ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titik Budiati
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Food Technology Department, State Polytechnic of Jember, 68121 Jember, Indonesia
| | - Gulam Rusul
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Nadiah Wan-Abdullah
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Li-Oon Chuah
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosma Ahmad
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jain P, Nandy S, Bharadwaj R, Niyogi SK, Dutta S. Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden ST1500 associated foodborne outbreak in Pune, India. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:239-41. [PMID: 25900961 PMCID: PMC4418162 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.155595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Saikia L, Sharma A, Nath R, Choudhury G, Borah AK. Salmonella Weltevreden food poisoning in a tea garden of Assam: An outbreak investigation. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33:503-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.167347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Jiménez RR, Barquero-Calvo E, Abarca JG, Porras LP. SalmonellaIsolates in the Introduced Asian House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) with Emphasis onSalmonellaWeltevreden, in Two Regions in Costa Rica. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:550-5. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Randall R. Jiménez
- International Institute for Wildlife Conservation and Management, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Juan G. Abarca
- Center of Research in Microscopic Structure, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Laura P. Porras
- International Institute for Wildlife Conservation and Management, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Noor Uddin GM, Larsen MH, Barco L, Minh Phu T, Dalsgaard A. Clonal Occurrence of Salmonella Weltevreden in Cultured Shrimp in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222547 PMCID: PMC4519254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, serovar and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in shrimp samples from intensive and extensive farms located in three different provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Shrimp from 11 of the 48 farms all contained S. Weltevreden, except for one farm yielding S. Agona, with no difference in Salmonella occurrence between the two production systems. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of S. Weltevreden showed closely related XbaI pulse types, suggesting a clonal relationship despite the farms and shrimp samples being epidemiologically unrelated. S. Weltevreden was susceptible to most antimicrobials tested, with a few strains being resistant to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim. Future studies of the ecology of S. Weltevreden should establish if this serovar may survive better and even multiply in warm-water shrimp farm environments compared to other Salmonella serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Md. Noor Uddin
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Halberg Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Barco
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Tran Minh Phu
- College of Aquaculture & Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Abakpa G, Umoh V, Ameh J, Yakubu S, Kwaga J, Kamaruzaman S. Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from fresh produce and environmental samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Application of whole-genome sequencing for bacterial strain typing in molecular epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:1072-9. [PMID: 25631811 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03385-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections pose a significant threat to patient health; however, the gold standard laboratory method for determining bacterial relatedness (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) remains essentially unchanged 20 years after its introduction. Here, we explored bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as an alternative approach for molecular strain typing. We compared WGS to PFGE for investigating presumptive outbreaks involving three important pathogens: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (n=19), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=17), and Acinetobacter baumannii (n=15). WGS was highly reproducible (average≤0.39 differences between technical replicates), which enabled a functional, quantitative definition for determining clonality. Strain relatedness data determined by PFGE and WGS roughly correlated, but the resolution of WGS was superior (P=5.6×10(-8) to 0.016). Several discordant results were noted between the methods. A total of 28.9% of isolates which were indistinguishable by PFGE were nonclonal by WGS. For A. baumannii, a species known to undergo rapid horizontal gene transfer, 16.2% of isolate pairs considered nonidentical by PFGE were clonal by WGS. Sequencing whole bacterial genomes with single-nucleotide resolution demonstrates that PFGE is prone to false-positive and false-negative results and suggests the need for a new gold standard approach for molecular epidemiological strain typing.
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Food safety in raw milk production: risk factors associated to bacterial DNA contamination. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:877-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abbassi-Ghozzi I, Jaouani A, Hammami S, Martinez-Urtaza J, Boudabous A, Gtari M. Molecular analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates recovered from raw meat marketed in the area of “Grand Tunis”, Tunisia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:e49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from chicken carcasses and environment at slaughter in Reunion Island: prevalence, genetic characterization and antibiotic susceptibility. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:317-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Smith KF, Yabsley MJ, Sanchez S, Casey CL, Behrens MD, Hernandez SM. SalmonellaIsolates from Wild-Caught Tokay Geckos (Gekko gecko) Imported to the U.S. from Indonesia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012; 12:575-82. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F. Smith
- Brown University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michael J. Yabsley
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Christine L. Casey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Sonia M. Hernandez
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Brotes por Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus y Listeria monocytogenes asociados al consumo de pollo. Revisión sistemática de la literatura. BIOMÉDICA 2012. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bhowmick PP, Srikumar S, Devegowda D, Shekar M, Ruwandeepika HD, Karunasagar I. Serotyping & molecular characterization for study of genetic diversity among seafood associated nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. Indian J Med Res 2012; 135:371-81. [PMID: 22561625 PMCID: PMC3361875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Infections due to seafood associated Salmonella serovars are great risk to public health. Different phenotypic characteristics have been used previously for epidemiological investigation of Salmonella. Beyond the phenotypic characterization, a reliable genetic level discriminatory method is required. Therefore, this study was attempted to use different phenotypic and molecular fingerprinting methods for investigation of genetic diversity among seafood associated nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. METHODS Fifty eight seafood associated Salmonella isolates were included in this study. All isolates were serotyped and epidemiological investigation was carried out using molecular fingerprinting methods, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence based-PCR (ERIC-PCR) along with whole cell protein profiling using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in our study. RESULTS Among the 58 Salmonella isolates, S. Weltevreden was observed to be the most predominant serovar. Typing of Salmonella serovars using RAPD and ERIC-PCR suggested the existence of a genetic diversity. Though both PCR based techniques were found to have a good discriminatory index, a better discriminatory ability was observed when the results obtained by the two techniques were combined and taken for composite analysis. Protein profiling of whole cells using SDS-PAGE demonstrated the presence of several bands with two bands of sizes 38 kDa and 46 kDa common among all 58 isolates. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that use of protein profiling in combination with established typing methods such as RAPD and ERIC-PCR may provide useful information in typing of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates associated with seafood and to develop strategies to protect public from Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patit Paban Bhowmick
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India
| | - Shabarinath Srikumar
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India
| | - Devananda Devegowda
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India
| | - Malathi Shekar
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India
| | - H.A. Darshanee Ruwandeepika
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India,Reprint requests: Dr Indrani Karunasagar, Professor & Head, Department of Fishery Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore 575 002, India e-mail:
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Callaway Z, Thomas A, Melrose W, Buttner P, Speare R. SalmonellaVirchow andSalmonellaWeltevreden in a Random Survey of the Asian House Gecko,Hemidactylus frenatus, in Houses in Northern Australia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:621-5. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zak Callaway
- Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Asthma and Allergy Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Annette Thomas
- Tropical and Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Animal Biosecurity, Oonoonba, Townsville, Australia
| | - Wayne Melrose
- Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Petra Buttner
- Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Rick Speare
- Anton Breinl Centre for Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed – Field Gel Electrophoretic analysis of Salmonella in a tertiary hospital in northern Malaysia. J Infect Public Health 2011; 4:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wouafo M, Nzouankeu A, Kinfack JA, Fonkoua MC, Ejenguele G, Njine T, Ngandjio A. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes in chickens from retail markets in Yaounde (Cameroon). Microb Drug Resist 2010; 16:171-6. [PMID: 20438345 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2009.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
From February 2006 to January 2007, 150 chickens were collected from eight retail markets in Yaounde, and 90 (60%) tested positive for Salmonella. Seventy-nine chickens were contaminated with only one Salmonella serotype, 10 with two different serotypes, and 1 with four serotypes. The most prevalent serotypes were Enteritidis (47 strains) and Hadar (29 strains). The isolates were tested for their susceptibilities to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethazole by disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and nalidixic acid were determined for the resistant strains by agar dilution method. Eleven isolates (10.7%) of the 103 tested were susceptible to all antimicrobials. Resistance was most observed to tetracycline (84.5%), streptomycin (44.7%), and nalidixic acid (34%). Forty-one isolates (39.8%) were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more antimicrobials from different classes), of which 68.3% were Hadar and 21.9% Enteritidis. The most frequent resistant pattern in Hadar was streptomycin-tetracycline-nalidixic acid. These results highlight once more the need for surveillance of Salmonella contamination in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Wouafo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Pasteur Centre of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Chimalizeni Y, Kawaza K, Molyneux E. The epidemiology and management of non typhoidal salmonella infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 659:33-46. [PMID: 20204753 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0981-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Antony B, Dias M, Shetty AK, Rekha B. FOOD POISONING DUE TO SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROTYPE WELTEVREDEN IN MANGALORE. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:257-8. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.53211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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41
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Virulotyping of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from indigenous vegetables and poultry meat in Malaysia using multiplex-PCR. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2009; 96:441-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-009-9358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boonmar S, Markvichitr K, Chaunchom S, Chanda C, Bangtrakulnonth A, Pornrunangwong S, Yamamoto S, Suzuki D, Kozawa K, Kimura H, Morita Y. Salmonella prevalence in slaughtered buffaloes and pigs and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 70:1345-8. [PMID: 19122403 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report regarding isolation of Salmonella from cecum samples of buffaloes and pigs and characterization of the isolates in Laos. The organisms were isolated from 8% (4/50) of buffaloes and 76% (37/49) of pigs. In buffaloes, 3 animals harbored serotype 9,12: -:1,5, and 1 animal harbored both S. Derby and S. Javiana. In pigs, the most predominant serotypes were S. Derby (51%) followed by S. Anatum (45%), S. Weltevreden (15%) and S. Stanley (5%). The buffalo isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested, whereas the pig isolates showed 10 resistance patterns to 1-5 antibiotics. Of the 59 pig isolates, the resistance rates to tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nalidixic acid were 24%, 22%, 14%, 5%, 2%, 2% and 2%, respectively. The results suggest that pigs and buffaloes harbor Salmonella, with a higher prevalence especially in pigs, and all the isolates showed sensitivity to cefotaxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumalee Boonmar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900
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Asai Y, Kaneko M, Ohtsuka K, Morita Y, Kaneko S, Noda H, Furukawa I, Takatori K, Hara-Kudo Y. Salmonella prevalence in seafood imported into Japan. J Food Prot 2008; 71:1460-4. [PMID: 18680947 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.7.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 353 samples of 29 types of seafood were tested for Salmonella prevalence and total microbial population. Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden was isolated from 2 of 47 black tiger prawn samples. The contamination levels of Salmonella were in a range of <30 to 40 most probable number per 100 g. In addition, one sample of black tiger prawns and two samples of white shrimp were positive for Salmonella invA gene on PCR assay. Although the mean aerobic bacterial count was greater than 4 log CFU/g in most of the sample types, those in the two Salmonella-isolated samples of black tiger prawn were 7.48 and 5.18 log CFU/g, respectively. These results indicate the possibility that shrimp and prawns contribute to foodborne infections. The improvement of seafood quality is an important issue, and the information on contamination by pathogens should be provided as feedback to the originating country, with the aim of increasing safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Asai
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Simomachiya, Chigasaki 253-0087, Japan
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Analysis of Salmonella Agona and Salmonella Weltevreden in Malaysia by PCR fingerprinting and antibiotic resistance profiling. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 94:377-87. [PMID: 18548329 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona and 33 strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Weltevreden were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting using 3 different arbitrary primer, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. By using RAPD, 81 strains (44 strains of S. Agona and 33 strains of S. Weltevreden) can be clustered into 14 groups and 6 single isolates whereas ERIC-PCR produced 7 clusters and 3 single isolates. Thirteen antimicrobial agents were used and all the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and showed Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance indexes, ranging from 0.08 to 0.62. Poultry still remain as the common reservoir for multi-drug-resistant Salmonella. On the other hand, vegetables contaminated with S. Weltevreden showed a gain in antimicrobial resistance. Besides that, consistent antibiograms were observed from S. Weltevreden isolated at Kajang wet market on 2000/08/02.
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Ponce E, Khan AA, Cheng CM, Summage-West C, Cerniglia CE. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from imported seafood. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ben Aissa R, Al-Gallas N, Troudi H, Belhadj N, Belhadj A. Trends in Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from human, food, animal, and environment in Tunisia, 1994–2004. J Infect 2007; 55:324-39. [PMID: 17706289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to investigate, for the first time in Tunisia, the current trends in Salmonella enterica serotypes in Tunisia (human, food, animal, and environment) which would help to improve the control and prevention of Salmonella infections. METHODS Data from 1994 to 2004 from the National Centre of Enteropathogenic Bacteria - Pasteur Institute - Tunis, were analysed a total of 16,214 Salmonella isolates that were reported from all over Tunisia and serotyped according to the Kauffman-White scheme. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS v.11.5 software. RESULTS The isolation rate was decreasing in the human and food categories only. The top three frequently isolated serotypes during the 11-years were: Enteritidis (25.5%), Anatum (14%), and Corvallis (13.2%), indicating Tunisia as an endemic area for these serotypes. Among human isolates, Enteritidis was the most common serotype, accounting for 24% of all isolates. Among nonhuman isolates, Anatum (28%), Enteritidis (69%), and Corvallis (17.3%) were reported as the first common serotypes for food, animal and environmental samples, respectively. Percentage of Salmonella isolates demonstrated a marked pattern of seasonality, increasing in the warm spring months for human, food and animal isolates. Except for environmental isolates which increased in the spring season. Human salmonellosis outbreak by serotypes Mbandaka, Livingstone, and Typhi Vi+ had been reported during the years: 1997, 1999, 2002 and 2004. CONCLUSION Importance of enhancing the Salmonella surveillance system not only in Tunisia but also in the neighboring countries, and the need to get a better monitoring of trends in serotypes over time which would provide information about emerging serotypes and about the efficacy of prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Ben Aissa
- Laboratoire de Contrôle des Eaux et Denrées Alimentaires de l'Institut pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie.
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Ben Aissa R, Al-Gallas N. Molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Corvallis, Anatum and Typhimurium from food and human stool samples in Tunisia, 2001-2004. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 136:468-75. [PMID: 17568477 PMCID: PMC2870838 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268807008916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the period from 2001 to 2004, a total of 72 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars: Anatum (n=40), Enteritidis (n=18), Corvallis (n=8), and Typhimurium (n=6), of various origins (mainly food and diarrhoeagenic stool samples), were collected and further characterized by antibiotic resistance, plasmid analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Forty-five isolates presented multidrug resistance to antibiotics. Among which one S. enterica serovar Anatum isolate was resistant to 11 antibiotics, and one S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 isolate was resistant to eight antibiotics. Plasmid profiling identified eight plasmid profiles (with 1-5 plasmids) among the isolates, of which one plasmid profile (P01) was predominant. XbaI PFGE analysis revealed the presence of a predominant clone of the four studied Salmonella serovars circulating in Tunisia throughout the years 2001-2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ben Aissa
- Laboratoire de Contrôle des Eaux et Denrées Alimentaires, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisie.
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Shahane V, Muley V, Kagal A, Bharadwaj R. Non-typhoid Salmonellosis: Emerging Infection in Pune? Indian J Med Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhao S, McDermott PF, Friedman S, Qaiyumi S, Abbott J, Kiessling C, Ayers S, Singh R, Hubert S, Sofos J, White DG. Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolated from imported foods. J Food Prot 2006; 69:500-7. [PMID: 16541678 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two-hundred eight Salmonella isolates recovered from over 5,000 imported foods entering the United States in 2001 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities and further characterized for quinolone resistance mechanisms, integron carriage, and genetic relatedness. Salmonella Weltevreden (20%), Salmonella Newport (6%), Salmonella Lexington (5%), and Salmonella Thompson (4%) were the four most common serotypes recovered. Twenty-three (11%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and seven (3.4%) to three or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most often observed to tetracycline (9%), followed by sulfamethoxazole (5%), streptomycin (4%), nalidixic acid (3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (2%). One Salmonella Schwarzengrund isolate recovered from squid imported from Taiwan exhibited resistance to eight antimicrobials, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Six isolates (Salmonella Bareilly, Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Ohio and three Salmonella Schwarzengrund) contained class 1 integrons, which carried several resistance genes including dhfrI/dhfrXII, aadA, pse-1, and sat1, conferring resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin, and streptothricin, respectively. Five of six nalidixic acid-resistant isolates possessed DNA point mutations at either Ser83 or Asp87 in DNA gyrase. One ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate possessed double mutations in DNA gyrase at positions Ser83 and Asp87 as well as a single mutation at Ser80 in parC. The top three serotypes identified, Salmonella Weltevreden (n = 41), Salmonella Newport (n = 13), and Salmonella Lexington (n = 11), were further characterized for genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Fifty-five distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were observed among the 65 isolates, indicating extensive genetic diversity among these Salmonella serotypes contaminating imported foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA
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Kim S, Kim SH, Chun SG, Choi ES, Lee BK. Prevalence ofSalmonellaSerovars Isolated from Domestic Residents and Overseas Travelers in Korea, 2004~2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2006.36.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shukho Kim
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hun Kim
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Guen Chun
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Bok-Kwon Lee
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
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