1
|
Paudel R, Shrestha E, Chapagain B, Tiwari BR. Carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria: Review of resistance and detection methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116370. [PMID: 38924837 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Gram negative bacilli that are carbapenem resistant have emerged and are spreading worldwide. Infections caused by carbapenem resistant isolates posses a significant threat due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. Carbapenemases production by multi-drug resistant pathogens severely restricts treatment choices for illnesses caused by bacteria that are resistant to both carbapenems and majority of β-lactam antibiotics. Various phenotypic and genotypic methods for identification can distinguish between different classes of carbapenemase and identify pathogens that are resistant to carbapenems. The establishment of a quick, accurate and reliable test for identifying the clinical strains that produce the carbapenemase enzyme is essential for optimum diagnosis of microbial pathogens and management of the global rise in the prevalence of carbapenemase producing bacterial strains. The aim of this review was to summarize the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance and to provide an overview of different carbapenemase detection methods for carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacilli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Paudel
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Elina Shrestha
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bipin Chapagain
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bishnu Raj Tiwari
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin Y, Peng Y, Duan X, Song Z, Huang R, Rui Y. Characterization of bla AFM-1-positive carbapenem-resistant strains isolated in Guangzhou, China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:40. [PMID: 37198688 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. BlaAFM-1 gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70 strain isolated in Guangzhou of China and, was submitted to NCBI on 16 November 2018. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assay using BD Phoenix 100. The phylogenetic tree of AFM and other B1 metallo-β-lactamases was visualized by MEGA7.0. Whole-genome sequencing technology was used to sequence carbapenem-resistant strains including the blaAFM-1 gene. Cloning and expressing of blaAFM-1 were designed to verify the function of AFM-1 to hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP and Etest experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity of carbapenemase. Homology modeling was applied to predict the spatial structure of AFM-1. A conjugation assay was performed to test the ability of horizontal transfer of AFM-1 enzyme. The genetic context of blaAFM-1 was performed by Blast alignment. RESULTS Alcaligenes faecalis strain AN70, Comamonas testosteroni strain NFYY023, Bordetella trematum strain E202, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain NCTC10498 were identified as carrying the blaAFM-1 gene. All of these four strains were carbapenem-resistant strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AFM-1 shares little nucleotide and amino acid identity with other class B carbapenemases (the highest identity (86%) with NDM-1 at the amino acid sequence level). The spatial structure of the AFM-1 enzyme was predicted to be αβ/βα sandwich structure, with two zinc atoms at its active site structure. Cloning and expressing of blaAFM-1 verified AFM-1 could hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP test presented that the AFM-1 enzyme possesses carbapenemase activity. The successful transfer of pAN70-1(plasmid of AN70) to E.coli J53 suggested that the blaAFM-1 gene could be disseminated by the plasmid. The genetic context of blaAFM indicated that the downstream of the blaAFM gene was always adjacent to trpF and bleMBL. Comparative genome analysis revealed that blaAFM appeared to have been mobilized by an ISCR27-related mediated event. CONCLUSIONS The blaAFM-1 gene is derived from chromosome and plasmid, and the blaAFM-1 gene derived from the pAN70-1 plasmid can transfer carbapenem resistance to susceptible strains through horizontal transfer. Several blaAFM-1-positive species have been isolated from feces in Guangzhou, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng Qin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaonv Duan
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhenli Song
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yongyu Rui
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nicolau-Guillaumet N, Muggeo A, Moussalih S, de Champs C, Lozniewski A, Alauzet C, Guillard T. An upgraded version of carbapenem inactivation method to detect Bacteroides fragilis carbapenemase. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115857. [PMID: 36436310 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An increase of carbapenemase-producing Bacteroides fragilis infections is observed. To detect such a resistance in B. fragilis, several tests exist that are expensive or show poor sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we upgraded the Anaerobic Carbapenem Inactivation Method (Ana-CIM) to easily screen for carbapenemase-producing B. fragilis. The presence of carbapenemase cfiA gene was identified in 50 B. fragilis isolates by PCR. We modified the Ana-CIM by (1) increasing the bacterial inoculum, and (2) measuring the differences in diameter between the negative control and the testing disc. We correctly classified the cfiA-negative and positive isolates and could define a cut-off of positivity at 2 mm. Our modified Ana-CIM allowed to correctly discriminate the 31 cfiA-positive with meropenem MICs ranging from 1 to > 32 µg/mL. We anticipate that our modified Ana-CIM could be used in most clinical laboratories to easily screen for carbapenemase-producing B. fragilis, even at low levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nicolau-Guillaumet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France
| | - Anaëlle Muggeo
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France
| | - Sophie Moussalih
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France
| | - Alain Lozniewski
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, Stress Immunity Pathogens unit, Nancy, France; CHRU-Nancy, Service de Microbiologie, Nancy, France
| | - Corentine Alauzet
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, Stress Immunity Pathogens unit, Nancy, France; CHRU-Nancy, Service de Microbiologie, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parajuli R, Limbu T, Chaudhary R, Gautam K, Dahal P. Phenotypical Detection of β-Lactamases in a Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Chryseobacterium indologens: A Rare Human Pathogen With Special References to Risk Factor. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361221150755. [PMID: 36741473 PMCID: PMC9893352 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221150755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chryseobacterium indologenes is gram-negative bacteria that cause infection in humans. It is less frequently isolated in the laboratory. The development of drug-resistant and its intrinsic ability to resist a wide range of antimicrobials enables them to cause mortality in an immunocompromised patient with a longer hospital stay. Our study objectives are to investigate antimicrobial-resistant patterns, drug-resistant enzymes, and the risk factor analysis associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and Pan-drug resistant (PDR) within 2 years. Altogether 53 strains of Chryseobacterium indologens were obtained from 5000 specimens that were processed for routine bacterial culture. The bacterial identification was done using conventional techniques (colony morphology, gram staining, flexirubin test, and biochemical tests) as well as the VITEK-2 System to further confirm. The bacterial isolate were processed to observe antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using disk diffusion method. MDR XDR and PDR were classified following European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidelines. C. indologens strains with beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), metallo beta-lactamases (MBL), and Amp-C beta-lactamases (Amp-C) were detected phenotypically. The highest isolation of C. indologens was observed in a sputum sample. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed susceptibility to tigecycline followed by levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and piperacillin-tazobactam. From 53 isolates of C. indologens, MDR accounts for 56.60% and 22.64% for XDR. Combined antimicrobial therapy and longer hospital stay were found to be the leading risk factor. All 53 C. indologenes strains were detected as MBL. Total ESBL was detected in 16.98% of MBL producer strains and Amp-C was observed in 13.20% of MBL-producing strains. All 3 enzyme co-oproducers were seen in only 5.66% of C. indologens. Although it is rarely encountered in the laboratory, it showed a remarkable effect in patients with underlying predisposing factors and prolonged hospital stays. The presence of betalactamases determined the drug-resistant activity on a wide spectrum of tested antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Parajuli
- Department of Microbiology, Grande
International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Trishant Limbu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and
Critical Care Medicine, Grande International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Raina Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Nepalese
Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kundan Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Grande
International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pragyan Dahal
- Department of Microbiology, Grande
International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal,Pragyan Dahal, Grande International
Hospital, Kathmandu 44608, Nepal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguena-Dongue BN, Tchamgoue J, Ngandjui Tchangoue YA, Lunga PK, Toghueo KRM, Zeuko O ME, Melogmo YKD, Tchouankeu JC, Kouam SF, Fekam BF. Potentiation effect of mallotojaponin B on chloramphenicol and mode of action of combinations against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282008. [PMID: 36943826 PMCID: PMC10030026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, the causative agent of many infectious diseases has developed resistance to many antibiotics, even chloramphenicol which was the essential antibiotic recommended for the treatment of bacterial infection. Thus, other alternatives to fight against S. aureus infections are necessary; and combinatory therapy of antibiotics with natural compounds is one of the approaches. This study evaluated the activity of the combination of mallotojaponin B and chloramphenicol against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibacterial activities were evaluated by broth microdilution and the checkerboard methods. Modes of action as time-kill kinetic, Nucleotide leakage, inhibition and eradication of biofilm, and loss of salt tolerance were evaluated. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero and Raw cell lines. Mallotojaponin B showed good activity against MRSA with a MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL. MRSA showed high resistance to chloramphenicol (MIC = 250 μg/mL). The combination produced a synergistic effect with a mean FICI of 0.393. This combination was bactericidal, inducing nucleotide leakage, inhibiting biofilm formation, and eradicating biofilm formed by MRSA. The synergic combination was non-cytotoxic to Vero and Raw cell lines. Thus, the combination of mallotojaponin B and chloramphenicol could be a potential alternative to design a new drug against MRSA infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branly-Natalien Nguena-Dongue
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yvan Anderson Ngandjui Tchangoue
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Paul Keilah Lunga
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kouipou Rufin Marie Toghueo
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Menkem Elisabeth Zeuko O
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yanick Kevin Dongmo Melogmo
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Tchouankeu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Simeon Fogue Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Boyom Fabrice Fekam
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muntean M, Muntean AA, Preda M, Manolescu L, Dragomirescu C, Popa MI, Popa G. Phenotypic and genotypic detection methods for antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:508. [PMID: 35837033 PMCID: PMC9257796 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing public health problem worldwide. Infections with such bacteria lead to longer hospitalization times, higher healthcare costs and greater morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a greater need for rapid detection methods in order to limit their spread. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) are a series of epidemiologically-important microorganisms of great concern due to their high levels of resistance. This review aimed to update the background information on the ESKAPE pathogens as well as to provide a summary of the numerous phenotypic and molecular methods used to detect their AMR mechanisms. While they are usually linked to hospital acquired infections, AMR is also spreading in the veterinary and the environmental sectors. Yet, the epidemiological loop closes with patients which, when infected with such pathogens, often lack therapeutic options. Thus, it was aimed to give the article a One Health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mădălina Preda
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Manolescu
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasella Dragomirescu
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea-Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Popa
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kulkarni S, Mulay M. Phenotypic detection of metallo-beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_12_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
8
|
Reply to Rennie, "Zinc Concentration Affects Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Susceptibility Testing of Enterobacterales". J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0121121. [PMID: 34133890 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01211-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
9
|
Bahr G, González LJ, Vila AJ. Metallo-β-lactamases in the Age of Multidrug Resistance: From Structure and Mechanism to Evolution, Dissemination, and Inhibitor Design. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7957-8094. [PMID: 34129337 PMCID: PMC9062786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of approved antibiotics, narrowing the options for treatment. Resistance to carbapenems, last resort antibiotics, is a major concern. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze carbapenems, penicillins, and cephalosporins, becoming central to this problem. These enzymes diverge with respect to serine-β-lactamases by exhibiting a different fold, active site, and catalytic features. Elucidating their catalytic mechanism has been a big challenge in the field that has limited the development of useful inhibitors. This review covers exhaustively the details of the active-site chemistries, the diversity of MBL alleles, the catalytic mechanism against different substrates, and how this information has helped developing inhibitors. We also discuss here different aspects critical to understand the success of MBLs in conferring resistance: the molecular determinants of their dissemination, their cell physiology, from the biogenesis to the processing involved in the transit to the periplasm, and the uptake of the Zn(II) ions upon metal starvation conditions, such as those encountered during an infection. In this regard, the chemical, biochemical and microbiological aspects provide an integrative view of the current knowledge of MBLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bahr
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lisandro J. González
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qamar MU, Lopes BS, Hassan B, Khurshid M, Shafique M, Atif Nisar M, Mohsin M, Nawaz Z, Muzammil S, Aslam B, Ejaz H, Toleman MA. The present danger of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase: a threat to public health. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1759-1778. [PMID: 33404261 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is a substantial menace to public health sectors, notably in developing countries because of the scarcity of healthcare facilities. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is a potent β-lactam enzyme able to hydrolyze several available antibiotics. NDM was identified from the clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from a Swedish patient in New Delhi, India. This enzyme horizontally passed on to various Gram-negative bacteria developing resistance against a variety of antibiotics which cause treatment crucial. These bacteria increase fatality rates and play an integral role in the economic burden. The efficient management of NDM-producing isolates requires the coordination between each healthcare setting in a region. In this review, we present the prevalence of NDM in children, fatality and the economic burden of resistant bacteria, the clonal spread of NDM harboring bacteria and modern techniques for the detection of NDM producing pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bruno S Lopes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3DR, Scotland, UK
| | - Brekhna Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafique
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Nisar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, 5042, Australia
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark A Toleman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sadek M, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp. using the NitroSpeed-Carba NP test. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 99:115280. [PMID: 33321426 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The NitroSpeed-Carba NP test was used to rapidly detect and discriminate between the different types of carbapenemases (classes A, B, and D) within 30 minutes among a collection of 202 Pseudomonas sp. strains (mostly Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A total of 99 carbapenemase-(including enzymes exhibiting weak carbapenemase activity such as several Guyana Extended-Spectrum (GES)-ß-lactamases) and 103 non-carbapenemase producers were tested, and the overall specificity and sensitivity were 100% and 99%, respectively. The NitroSpeed-Carba NP test is a rapid, specific, sensitive, and easy-to-implement technique for identification of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sadek
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, Fribourg
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Institute for Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Variability in Zinc Concentration among Mueller-Hinton Broth Brands: Impact on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.02019-20. [PMID: 32999009 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02019-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc concentrations in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (caMHB) from different manufacturers have been found to differ. Here, we evaluated the impact of utilizing different brands and lots of commercially available caMHB on the classification of the antimicrobial susceptibility of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-harboring Enterobacteriaceae We also evaluated the addition of EDTA to caMHB as a means of achieving zinc-limited media. Fifteen clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates (harboring NDM [n = 7], VIM [n = 3], IMP [n = 2], or KPC [n = 3]) and nine different commercial lots from three caMHB manufacturers (Becton, Dickinson; Oxoid; and Sigma-Aldrich) were utilized. Zinc-limited media were prepared by the addition of EDTA at concentrations ranging from 3 to 300 μg/ml. Meropenem MICs were determined in triplicate for each lot of conventional caMHB and zinc-limited media by broth microdilution. The zinc concentration in each lot of conventional caMHB was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Up to 8-fold differences in meropenem MICs were observed between the commercial lots, resulting in different classifications of susceptibility among MBL-harboring isolates. Mean zinc concentrations were highest among conventional Becton, Dickinson caMHB lots relative to those for Oxoid and Sigma-Aldrich broth. Among MBL-harboring isolates, the impact of EDTA on MICs was dependent on the lot, correlating with initial zinc availability (i.e., less MIC reduction with higher initial zinc concentrations), while MICs for KPC-harboring isolates were unchanged. In summary, zinc variability was observed among commercial lots of caMHB, resulting in different classifications of susceptibility among MBL-harboring Enterobacteriaceae The addition of EDTA at concentrations of ≥30 μg/ml was sufficient to provide a zinc-limited medium, resulting in MICs that reflect in vivo meropenem activity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sachdeva R, Sharma B, Sharma R. Evaluation of different phenotypic tests for detection of metallo-β-lactamases in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Lab Physicians 2020; 9:249-253. [PMID: 28966485 PMCID: PMC5607752 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_118_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide spectrum of infections including bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, etc., Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing P. aeruginosa is an emerging threat and cause of concern as they have emerged as one of the most feared resistance mechanisms. This study was designed to know the prevalence of MBL production in P. aeruginosa and to evaluate the four phenotypic tests for detection of MBL production in imipenem-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. METHODS Totally, 800 isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and MBL production. All imipenem-resistant strains were tested for carabapenemase production by modified Hodge test. Screening for MBL production was done by double-disc synergy test and combined disc test (CDT). Confirmation of MBL production was done by the E-test (Ab BioDisk, Solna, Sweden). RESULTS Out of the 800 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 250 isolates were found resistant to imipenem. Based on the results of E-test, 147 (18.37%) isolates of P. aeruginosa were positive for MBL production. The CDT has the highest sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MBL production as compared to other tests. CONCLUSION The results of this study are indicative that MBL production is an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance among P. aeruginosa. Use of simple screening test like CDT will be crucial step toward large-scale monitoring of these emerging resistant determinants. Phenotypic test for MBL production has to be standardized, and all the isolates should be routinely screened for MBL production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sachdeva
- Department of Microbiology, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical Science and Research Institute, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Sawai ManSingh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Sawai ManSingh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bajpai V, Govindaswamy A, Khurana S, Batra P, Aravinda A, Katoch O, Hasan F, Malhotra R, Mathur P. Phenotypic & genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas species in hospitalized patients. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:216-221. [PMID: 31219086 PMCID: PMC6563739 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant, Pseudomonas species have become a major clinical and public health concern. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 126 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from various clinical samples were included in the study over a period of two years. Identification and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed using automated culture system according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), Amp-C β-lactamase (AmpC) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) were done by various combinations of disc-diffusion and E-test methods, followed by polymerase chain reaction-based detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes. Results: Among 126 clinical isolates, 121 (96.1%) isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most of the isolates were recovered from pus sample, 35 (27.8%) followed by urine, 25 (19.84%); endotracheal aspirate, 24 (19.04%); blood, 14 (11.11%) and sputum, four (3.17%). The highest rate of resistance was against ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, 113 (89.7%) followed by meropenem, 92 (72.5%) and ceftazidime, 91 (72.3%). Overall, ESBLs, AmpC and carbapenemase production was detected in 109 (96.4%), 64 (50.8%) and 105 (94.6%) isolates by phenotypic methods. The most prevalent ESBL gene was blaTEM in 72 (57.1%) and the least prevalent was blaSHV in 19 (15.1%) isolates. AmpC gene was seen less compared to ESBL gene. The most prevalent carbapenemases gene was blaNDM-1 41 (46.06%) followed by blaVIM and blaOXA-1. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings suggested that a high rate of ESBLs and carbapenemases production was observed in Pseudomonas spp. Therefore, phenotypic and genotypic detection of AMR needs to be combined for better characterization of resistance patterns in Pseudomonas spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijeta Bajpai
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Surbhi Khurana
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyam Batra
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Aravinda
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Omika Katoch
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahmi Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Malhotra
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Microbiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khaledi M, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Validi M, Zamanzad B, Vafapour R, Gholipour A. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:597. [PMID: 31533853 PMCID: PMC6751628 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. RESULTS A total of 100 A. baumanii were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests, and MBL screening was conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test. Using PCR technique the bla genes were detected. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and E-test MBL respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases isolates containing A. baumanii is increasing. Furthermore, the coexistence of various carbapenemases is dominantly act as a major problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections related to these bacteria should be considered to plan an alternative and new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Majid Validi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnam Zamanzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rezvan Vafapour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholipour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bahmani N. Detection of VIM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1 metallo- β-lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 11:225-231. [PMID: 31523406 PMCID: PMC6711869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of serious nosocomial infections among Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was evaluating the prevalence of VIM-1, VIM-2, and IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase genes in clinical specimens at two teaching hospitals in Sanandaj, Kurdistan west of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred different clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients or referred to hospitals from May 2013 to March 2014 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. MBLs - producing K. pneumoniae detected by Double Disk Synergy Test. The MBL positive isolates were examined for the presence of VIM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1 genes using PCR technique. RESULTS Of four hundred clinical specimens, 114 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. Twenty-eight (24.6%) isolates were resistant to imipenem and 15 strains (53.6%) were positive for MBL enzymes production. PCR results showed VIM-1 and IMP-1 genes frequencies are 4 (26.7%) and 1 (6.7%). Only one strain of K. pneumoniae was found to be MBL producer among the outpatients. CONCLUSION The study results exhibited a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and high prevalence of MBLs producing in K. pneumoniae at two hospitals. Thus, the infection control methods and the implementation of antibiotic agents should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Bahmani
- Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rakhi NN, Alam ARU, Sultana M, Rahaman MM, Hossain MA. Diversity of carbapenemases in clinical isolates: The emergence of blaVIM-5 in Bangladesh. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:444-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
18
|
Pharmacodynamic Attainment of the Synergism of Meropenem and Fosfomycin Combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Producing Metallo-β-Lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00126-19. [PMID: 30910903 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00126-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fosfomycin combined with other antimicrobials has shown good efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in both in vitro and clinical studies; however, the activity of fosfomycin combined with other antimicrobials against metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains has not been tested. The objective of this study was to determine the synergism and optimal intravenous dosing regimens of fosfomycin with meropenem against MDR and MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains. The MICs of both antimicrobials were determined by the checkerboard method and analyzed by two synergism tests with 19 clones of P. aeruginosa isolates, 10 of which were MBL producers. A pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis was performed for meropenem (administered at 1 g every 8 h [q8h], 1.5 g every 6 h [q6h], and 2 g q8h) and fosfomycin (administered at 4 g q8h, 4 g q6h, 6 g q8h, and 8 g q8h) regimens with a dose reduction for renal impairment by determining the probability of target attainment (PTA) for target PD indices of meropenem (the percentage of the time in a 24-h duration at which the free drug concentration remains above the MIC [fT >MIC], ≥40%) and fosfomycin (the ratio of the area under the free drug concentration-versus-time curve over 24 h and the MIC [fAUC/MIC], ≥40.8). The combination reduced the MIC50 and MIC90 by 8-fold. Seven (44%) isolates with MICs in the intermediate or resistant ranges became sensitive to meropenem. For the MBL-producing isolates, the combination resulted in 40% of isolates becoming sensitive to meropenem. The meropenem regimens reached a PTA of ≥90% (MIC = 4 μg/ml) in 6 (32%) isolates when they were used as monotherapy and 13 (68%) isolates when they were combined with fosfomycin. None of the fosfomycin monotherapy regimens reached the PTA of ≥90% (MIC = 16 μg/ml). When combined with meropenem, the fosfomycin regimens reached the PTA of ≥90% in 14 (74%) isolates. The increase in pharmacodynamic activities resulting from the synergistic action of meropenem with fosfomycin demonstrates the potential relevance of this combination to fight infections caused by MDR and MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shifman O, Steinberger-Levy I, Aloni-Grinstein R, Gur D, Aftalion M, Ron I, Mamroud E, Ber R, Rotem S. A Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Determining Yersinia pestis Susceptibility to Doxycycline by RT-PCR Quantification of RNA Markers. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:754. [PMID: 31040834 PMCID: PMC6477067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts are being made to develop new rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests to meet the demand for clinical relevance versus disease progression. This is important especially in diseases caused by bacteria such as Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, which grows rapidly in vivo but relatively slow in vitro. This compromises the ability to use standard growth-based susceptibility tests to obtain rapid and proper antibiotic treatment guidance. Using our previously described platform of quantifying antibiotic-specific transcriptional changes, we developed a molecular test based on changes in expression levels of doxycycline response-dependent marker genes that we identified by transcriptomic analysis. This enabled us to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of doxycycline within 7 h compared to the 24 h required by the standard CLSI test. This assay was validated with various Y. pestis strains. Moreover, we demonstrated the applicability of the molecular test, combined with a new rapid bacterial isolation step from blood cultures, and show its relevance as a rapid test in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Shifman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ida Steinberger-Levy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - David Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Izhar Ron
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Emanuelle Mamroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Raphael Ber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
21
|
Hadjadj L, Baron SA, Diene SM, Rolain JM. How to discover new antibiotic resistance genes? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:349-362. [PMID: 30895843 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1592678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern and the description of AR have been discovered mainly because of their implications in human medicine. Since the recent burden of whole-genome sequencing of microorganisms, the number of new AR genes (ARGs) have dramatically increased over the last decade. Areas covered: In this review, we will describe the different methods that could be used to characterize new ARGs using classic or innovative methods. First, we will focus on the biochemical methods, then we will develop on molecular methods, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. The use of various methods, including cloning, mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis, functional genomics, whole genome sequencing, metagenomic and functional metagenomics will be reviewed here, outlining the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Bioinformatics softwares used for resistome analysis and protein modeling will be also described. Expert opinion: Biological experiments and bioinformatics analysis are complementary. Nowadays, the ARGs described only account for the tip of the iceberg of all existing resistance mechanisms. The multiplication of the ecosystems studied allows us to find a large reservoir of AR mechanisms. Furthermore, the adaptation ability of bacteria facing new antibiotics promises a constant discovery of new AR mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hadjadj
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Sophie Alexandra Baron
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- a Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), IRD, APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie , Aix-Marseille-Univ , Marseille , France.,b IHU Méditerranée Infection , Marseille , France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bedenić B, Ladavac R, Vranić-Ladavac M, Barišić N, Karčić N, Sreter KB, Mihaljević S, Bielen L, Car H, Beader N. FALSE POSITIVE PHENOTYPIC DETECTION OF METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASES IN ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:113-118. [PMID: 31363333 PMCID: PMC6629212 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is a serious challenge to clinical microbiologists. MBLs are inhibited by metal chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) (EDTA). Production of MBLs cannot be recognized based on resistance phenotype. Therefore, phenotypic tests using EDTA are recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of inhibitor based tests (EDTA) for detection of MBL. A total of 172 A. baumannii strains (123 carbapenemase positive and 49 carbapenemase negative) were analyzed. Phenotypic detection of MBLs was performed by the combined disk test with EDTA (CDT-EDTA) and EPI-dilution test (EPI-DT). Both tests were positive in all 11 isolates possessing VIM-1 MBL, showing 100% sensitivity. However, false positive results were observed in strains with class D carbapenemases using both tests, i.e. all OXA-23 and OXA-24/40 producing organisms and most OXA-58 positive strains (77% with CDT-EDTA vs. 65% with EPI-DT). False positive results can occur because oxacillinases are converted to a less active state in the presence of EDTA, leading to augmentation of the inhibition zone around the carbapenem disk or reduction of carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations. This study showed high sensitivity but low specificity of phenotypic methods in the detection of MBLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranko Ladavac
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Vranić-Ladavac
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Barišić
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalie Karčić
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katherina Bernadette Sreter
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slobodan Mihaljević
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bielen
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Haris Car
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Beader
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 3Department of Nephrology, Pula General Hospital, Pula, Croatia; 4Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia; 5Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 8Zagreb Secondary Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms: What Method Should Your Laboratory Choose? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
24
|
Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms from Clinical Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01140-18. [PMID: 30158194 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01140-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms constitutes one of the greatest challenges to global health. While Gram-negative organisms have developed several mechanisms to avert the bactericidal effects of commonly prescribed antibiotic agents, the increasing prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) is particularly concerning given the rapid spread of mobile genetic elements containing carbapenemase genes, the limited treatment options for infections caused by these organisms, and the high mortality rates associated with CPO infections. Understanding if an organism is carbapenemase producing and, if so, the class of carbapenemase(s) produced has treatment implications, as some agents preferentially have activity against specific carbapenemases. Furthermore, CPO disseminate between patients with greater ease than non-CP-carbapenem-resistant organisms and warrant more intensive infection control measures than would be employed in the absence of carbapenemase production. Phenotypic assays currently used in clinical practice to detect CPO consist of the following: (i) growth-based assays which measure carbapenem resistance based on organism growth in the presence of a carbapenem antibiotic (e.g., modified Hodge test and modified carbapenem inactivation method), (ii) hydrolysis methods which detect carbapenem degradation products (e.g., Carba NP test and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry), and (iii) lateral flow immunoassays which detect carbapenemase enzymes through the use of specific antibodies. Although there is no single phenotypic test that meets all specifications of the ideal test, as we describe in this review, there are a number of tests that are user-friendly, affordable, accurate, and feasible for implementation in clinical microbiology laboratories of all sizes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Azimi A, Peymani A, Pour PK. Phenotypic and molecular detection of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with burns in Tehran, Iran. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:610-615. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0174-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
26
|
Guzel M, Afsar Y, Akdogan D, Moncheva P, Hristova P, Erdem G. Evaluation of metallo-beta-lactamase production in multiple antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Guzel
- Microbiology Laboratory, Private Maltepe Medical Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Afsar
- Microbiology Laboratory, Ağrı State Hospital, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Dogan Akdogan
- Microbiology Laboratory, 29 Mayıs State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Penka Moncheva
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Hristova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gul Erdem
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Determination for Yersinia pestis Using Flow Cytometry Spectral Intensity Ratio (SIR) Fluorescence Analysis. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1151-1161. [PMID: 30117073 PMCID: PMC6153737 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) are essential tool for proper treatment of patients infected by Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), the causative agent of plague, or for post-exposure prophylaxis of a population exposed to a naturally acquired or deliberately prepared resistant variant. The standard AST of Y. pestis is based on bacterial growth and requires 24–48 h of incubation in addition to the time required for prior isolation of a bacterial culture from the clinical or environmental sample, which may take an additional 24–48 h. In this study, we present a new and rapid AST method based on a fluorescence determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our method includes the incubation of bacteria with an antibiotic, followed by staining of the bacteria with oxonol dye (SynaptoGreen C4/FM1–43), which enables the rapid detection of an antibiotic’s effect on bacterial viability. We show that stained, non-viable bacteria exhibit a spectral redshift and an increase in fluorescence intensity compared to intact control bacteria. Based on these criteria, we developed a rapid flow cytometer measurement procedure and a unique spectral intensity ratio (SIR) analysis that enables determination of antibiotic susceptibility for Y. pestis within 6 h instead of the 24 to 48 h required for the standard AST. This new rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibility could be crucial for reducing mortality and preventing the spread of disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ladavac R, Bedenić B, Vranić-Ladavac M, Barišić N, Karčić N, Pompe K, Ferenčić A, Stojanović A, Seifert H, Katić S, Higgins PG. Emergence of different Acinetobacter baumannii clones in a Croatian hospital and correlation with antibiotic susceptibility. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:213-218. [PMID: 28735048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During routine diagnostic laboratory work, the clinical microbiologist observed an increase of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with three different carbapenem susceptibility patterns: susceptible, intermediate and resistant. Isolates belonging to the same carbapenem susceptibility phenotype exhibited identical susceptibility/resistance patterns to non-β-lactam antibiotics. This prompted us to analyse the mechanisms of carbapenem-resistance and the molecular epidemiology of the isolates. A total of 59 A. baumannii isolates were analysed and grouped according to their susceptibility to imipenem: group 1 were susceptible (N=24), group 2 were intermediate (N=8) and group 3 were resistant (N=27) to imipenem. MATERIAL AND METHODS PCR and sequencing was used to detect resistance genes. Genotyping of the isolates was performed by PFGE and MLST. RESULTS Out of 27 resistant isolates, 20 harboured blaOXA-40-like and 7 blaOXA-23-like genes. ISAba1 was found upstream of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes. PFGE genotyping demonstrated the existence of three major A. baumannii clones in GH Pula and determination of sequence groups showed that the isolates belonged to international clones commonly associated with multidrug-resistance. MLST (performed on six isolates) showed diverse population structure of isolates belonging to the same cluster, including ST 195, ST 231, ST 775 and ST 1095. CONCLUSIONS A previous study conducted in 2009-2010 showed that reduced susceptibility to carbapenems in GH Pula was only associated with upregulation of the intrinsic OXA-51 β-lactamase. In this study a shift to isolates with acquired oxacillinases, belonging to two major clones was reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Ladavac
- Department for Nephrology, General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Branka Bedenić
- Department for Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinical Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirna Vranić-Ladavac
- Department for Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia
| | - Nada Barišić
- Department for Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia
| | - Natalie Karčić
- Department for Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia
| | - Karoline Pompe
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstrasse 19-21, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antun Ferenčić
- School of Medicin, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Stojanović
- Department for Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia
| | - Harald Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstrasse 19-21, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stjepan Katić
- Clinical Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstrasse 19-21, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sakanashi D, Kawachi M, Uozumi Y, Nishio M, Hara Y, Suematsu H, Hagihara M, Nishiyama N, Asai N, Koizumi Y, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H. Evaluation of commercial phenotypic assays for the detection of IMP- or New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:474-480. [PMID: 28456489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the sodium mercaptoacetic acid double disk synergy test (SMA-DDST), the Etest metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) MP/MPI (Etest MP/MPI), and the Mastdiscs ID Carbapenemase Detection Disc Set (MAST-CDS) for the detection of MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Japan. METHODS Fifty-one clinical isolates and four reference strains were tested. These isolates included 40, 4, and 11 IMP-, New Delhi MBL (NDM)-, and non-MBL-producers, respectively. SMA-DDST was performed with meropenem (MEPM)-containing disks. RESULTS Sensitivities were 38/44 (86%), 40/44 (91%), and 15/44 (34%), and the cost ratio was 1:9.4:3.8 for MEPM-SMA-DDST:Etest MP/MPI:MAST-CDS, respectively. The specificity was 11/11 (100%) for all assays. MEPM-SMA-DDST detected IMP-producing isolates with high sensitivity (38/40; 95%), but the assay was inadequate for NDM-producing isolates (0/4; 0%). The Etest MP/MPI detected both IMP- (36/40; 90%) and NDM-producing isolates (4/4; 100%), but was the most expensive. MAST-CDS detected IMP-producing isolates with low sensitivity (11/40; 28%), but the assay worked well for NDM-producing isolates (4/4; 100%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that MEPM-SMA-DDST was the most cost-effective assay for the detection of IMP-producing isolates. Therefore, we conclude that MEPM-SMA-DDST is the optimal available assay for clinical first-line screening in IMP-endemic areas such as Japan. However, this assay could not detect NDM-producing isolates, whereas the Etest MP/MPI and MAST-CDS could. When MEPM-SMA-DDST is negative, the Etest MP/MPI and MAST-CDS could be used to obtain supportive data and prevent detection failure for NDM-producing isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawachi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Konan Kosei Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Uozumi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Konan Kosei Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nishio
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Komaki City Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishiyama
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koizumi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Opota O, Diene SM, Bertelli C, Prod'hom G, Eckert P, Greub G. Genome of the carbapenemase-producing clinical isolate Elizabethkingia miricola EM_CHUV and comparative genomics with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and Elizabethkingia anophelis: evidence for intrinsic multidrug resistance trait of emerging pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 49:93-97. [PMID: 27913093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Elizabethkingia miricola is a Gram-negative non-fermenting rod emerging as a life-threatening human pathogen. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) carbapenemase-producing clinical isolate E. miricola EM_CHUV was recovered in the setting of severe nosocomial pneumonia. In this study, the genome of E. miricola EM_CHUV was sequenced and a functional analysis was performed, including a comparative genomic study with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and Elizabethkingia anophelis. The resistome of EM_CHUV revealed the presence of a high number of resistance genes, including the presence of the blaGOB-13 and blaB-9 carbapenemase-encoding genes. Twelve mobility genes, with only two of them located in the proximity of resistance genes, and four potential genomic islands were identified in the genome of EM_CHUV, but no prophages or CRISPR sequences. Ten restriction-modification system (RMS) genes were also identified. In addition, we report the presence of a putative conjugative plasmid (pEM_CHUV) that does not encode any antibiotic resistance genes. Altogether, these findings point towards a limited number of DNA exchanges with other bacteria and suggest that multidrug resistance is an intrinsic trait of E. miricola owing to the presence of a high number of resistance genes within the bacterial core genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onya Opota
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy Prod'hom
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Eckert
- Service of Adult Intensive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schwensen SA, Acar Z, Sydenham TV, Johansson ÅC, Justesen US. Phenotypic detection of the cfiA metallo-β-lactamase in Bacteroides fragilis with the meropenem-EDTA double-ended Etest and the ROSCO KPC/MBL Confirm Kit. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:437-440. [PMID: 27798215 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the performance of the meropenem and imipenem double-ended Etest ± EDTA and the tablet-based (meropenem and meropenem + dipicolinic acid) KPC/MBL Confirm Kit to detect cfiA metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) in Bacteroides fragilis. METHODS Well-characterized B. fragilis isolates, most from previously published studies, harbouring the cfiA gene and covering a wide range of meropenem MICs were included (n = 21). RESULTS The imipenem double-ended Etest showed an indeterminate result in 95% of the included isolates with the cfiA gene (20 of 21), whereas the meropenem double-ended Etest gave an MIC ratio ≥8 (positive test) with all the isolates. All isolates that were meropenem intermediate or resistant had a zone diameter difference ≥6 mm with the KPC/MBL Confirm Kit. CONCLUSIONS The meropenem double-ended Etest and not imipenem should be preferred for phenotypic detection of MBLs in B. fragilis. The KPC/MBL Confirm Kit could be an alternative with isolates that are meropenem intermediate or resistant (MIC >2 mg/L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Schwensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ziyap Acar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas V Sydenham
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Åsa C Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjo, Sweden
| | - Ulrik S Justesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gniadek TJ, Carroll KC, Simner PJ. Carbapenem-Resistant Non-Glucose-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli: the Missing Piece to the Puzzle. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:1700-1710. [PMID: 26912753 PMCID: PMC4922101 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03264-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-glucose-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are increasingly acquiring carbapenem resistance. Given their intrinsic antibiotic resistance, this can cause extremely difficult-to-treat infections. Additionally, resistance gene transfer can occur between Gram-negative species, regardless of their ability to ferment glucose. Thus, the acquisition of carbapenemase genes by these organisms increases the risk of carbapenemase spread in general. Ultimately, infection control practitioners and clinical microbiologists need to work together to determine the risk carried by carbapenem-resistant non-glucose-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (CR-NF) in their institution and what methods should be considered for surveillance and detection of CR-NF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Gniadek
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia J Simner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aitken SL, Tarrand JJ, Deshpande LM, Tverdek FP, Jones AL, Shelburne SA, Prince RA, Bhatti MM, Rolston KVI, Jones RN, Castanheira M, Chemaly RF. High Rates of Nonsusceptibility to Ceftazidime-avibactam and Identification of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Production inEnterobacteriaceaeBloodstream Infections at a Major Cancer Center: Table 1. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:954-958. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
34
|
Shoja S, Moosavian M, Rostami S, Abbasi F, Tabatabaiefar MA, Peymani A. Characterization of Oxacillinase and Metallo-β-Lactamas Genes and Molecular Typing of Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ahvaz, South-West of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32388. [PMID: 27540456 PMCID: PMC4976075 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen associated with a variety of infections. Objectives: The current study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility, analyze the prevalence of oxacillinase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes and molecular typing of clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 non-repetitive isolates of A. baumannii were collected from various clinical specimens in two teaching hospitals in Ahvaz, south-west of Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, colistin and tigecycline were determined using E-test. To screen for MBL production, double disk synergy (DDs) test and MBL E-test were performed. The presence of blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM genes was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To identify clonal relatedness, all isolates were subjected to repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) Results: Based on disk diffusion results, the highest rate of resistance was observed in rifampin (96.8%). Colistin and polymyxin-B were the most effective agents in vitro. According to the MIC results, the rate of resistance to imipenem, meropenem, colistin and tigecycline were 78.2%, 73.4%, 0.8% and 0, respectively. Metallo-β-lactamase production was positive in 42.3% and 79.4% of the isolates by DDs test and E-test, respectively. All isolates (100%) carried blaOXA-51-like gene. According to the results of multiplex PCR, blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like genes were detected in 85.6% and 6.2% of carbapenem resistant isolates, respectively. No blaOXA-58- like, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM were detected. By rep-PCR, carbapenem resistant isolates were separated into six genotypes (A to F). Genotype A (30.9%) was the most prevalent (P value < 0.001). Genotypes B and C were found in 28.9% and 26.8% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions: The rate of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates were high in this study. Since, blaOXA-58-like or MBL genes were not detected, it seems that resistance to carbapenems is related to blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like. Moreover, blaOXA-23-like was the most prevalent oxacillinase (OXA) gene. Most of the isolates belonged to one of the four dominant genotypes indicating clonal dissemination in the hospitals under study. In order to control the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, infection- control strategies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shoja
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Saeed Shoja, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 7919693116, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7633668357, E-mail:
| | - Mojtaba Moosavian
- Microbiology Department, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Soodabeh Rostami
- Nosocomial Infections Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Fariba Abbasi
- Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Amir Peymani
- Microbiology Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdalhamid B, Elhadi N, Alabdulqader N, Alsamman K, Aljindan R. Rates of gastrointestinal tract colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 10:77-83. [PMID: 26933499 PMCID: PMC4765740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPAE) are globally a major medical issue, especially in intensive care units. The digestive tract is the main reservoir for these isolates; therefore, rectal swab surveillance is highly recommended. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract colonization of CRE and CRPAE in patients admitted to intensive care units in Saudi Arabia. This project also aimed to characterize carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme production in these isolates. From February to May 2015, 200 rectal swab specimens were screened by CHROMagar KPC. Organism identification and susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek 2 system. One CRE and 13 CRPAE strains were identified, for a prevalence of 0.5% (1/200) and 6.5% (13/200) respectively. Strains showed high genetic diversity using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-based PCR. NDM type and VIM type were detected by PCR in four and one CRPAE isolates respectively. ampC overexpression was detected in eight CRPAE isolates using Mueller-Hinton agar containing 1000 μg/mL cloxacillin. CTX-M-15 type was detected in 1 CRE by PCR. The prevalence of CRE strain colonization was lower than that of CRPAE isolates. The detection of NDM and VIM in the colonizing CRPAE strains is a major infection control concern. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Saudi Arabia and the gulf region focusing on digestive tract colonization of CRE and CRPAE organisms and characterizing the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Abdalhamid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Alabdulqader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Alsamman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Iman FEG, Marwa AM, Doaa AY. Phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of metallo beta lactamases among carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in Alexandria Main University Hospital. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
37
|
Fazeli H, Norouzi-Barough M, Ahadi AM, Shokri D, Solgi H. Detection of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1) in carbapenem- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a university hospital in Iran. Hippokratia 2015; 19:205-209. [PMID: 27418777 PMCID: PMC4938465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1(NDM-1) is a novel type of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) which inactivates all β-lactam antibiotics except aztreonam. Enterobacteriaceae expressing NDM-1 have been identified worldwide. The aim of this study was to detect MBLs in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in one of the university hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS Of the 112 isolates obtained from various clinical samples, 49 were selected for carbapenemase detection based on their reduced susceptibility to imipenem or meropenem according to the disc diffusion method. These isolates were screened for carbapenemase and MBL production using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and Epsilometer test (E-test) MBL strips. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on all 49 isolates using specific primers to detect genes encoding IMP (active on imipenem), VIM (Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase), SPM-1 (Sao Paulo metallo-β-lactamase) and NDM-1. RESULTS Among 49 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 32 (65.3 %) were positive for MHT and 6 (12.2 %) were found positive for blaNDM-1. Other MBL genes were not detected. CONCLUSION This is the second report on the detection of blaNDM-1 in Iran since it was first reported by Shahcheraghi and colleagues in 2012. This study indicated that resistance to carbapenems and isolation of bacteria producing NDM-1 is increasing. Therefore, the rapid detection of isolates expressing NDM-1 is essential to control their spread. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (3): 205-209.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Fazeli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Norouzi-Barough
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, Faculty of Science, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - A M Ahadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - D Shokri
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Solgi
- Department of Bacteriology and Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bedenić B, Beader N, Godič-Torkar K, Vranić-Ladavac M, Luxner J, Veir Z, Grisold AJ, Zarfel G. Nursing Home as a Reservoir of Carbapenem-ResistantAcinetobacter baumannii. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:270-8. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Bedenić
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Beader
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karmen Godič-Torkar
- Department for Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mirna Vranić-Ladavac
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istria County, Pula, Croatia
| | - Josefa Luxner
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zoran Veir
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea J. Grisold
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Evaluation of phenotypic screening tests for carbapenemase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:105-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
40
|
Alcántar-Curiel MD, García-Torres LF, González-Chávez MI, Morfín-Otero R, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Giono-Cerezo S, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Santos-Preciado JI. Molecular mechanisms associated with nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Mexico. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:553-60. [PMID: 25450581 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging pathogen worldwide that is most commonly associated with nosocomial infections and multi-drug resistance. In the present study we determined the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance and clonal diversity of A. baumannii nosocomial isolates in Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Mexico. METHODS A total of 303 clinical isolates of A. baumannii identified during a period expanding from 2004-2011 were analyzed for carbapenem resistance using several microbiological and molecular methods. Clonal relatedness of these isolates was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Of the 303 isolates, 84% were resistant to meropenem, 71.3% to imipenem and 78.3% the resistant isolates were positive for metallo-β-lactamases as determined by the phenotypic assay. In addition, 49.6% of carbapenem-intermediate or -resistant isolates carried the blaOXA-72 gene and 1.2% carried the blaVIM-1 gene. Efflux pump phenotype was responsible for reduced susceptibility to meropenem in 14.5% and to imipenem in 31.6% of the resistant isolates, respectively in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. Strains representing different carbapenem-resistant patterns exhibited reduced expression of 22, 29, 33, and 43 kDa OMPs. Among the bacterial collection studied, 48 different clones were identified, two of which were predominant and persistently transmitted. CONCLUSIONS Carbapenemase production in combination with efflux pump expression, reduction in OMPs expression and the cross-transmission of clones appear to be major contributors to the high frequency of carbapenem-resistance observed in A. baumannii. To our knowledge, this is the first study to define the molecular mechanisms associated with carbapenem-resistance in A. baumannii in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México.
| | - Luis Francisco García-Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México; Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | - María Inés González-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México; Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara FAA, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa CUCS, UDG, Jalisco, México
| | - Catalina Gayosso-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - José Luis Fernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Silvia Giono-Cerezo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | | | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
S J, M J. Plasmid Profile Analysis and bla VIM Gene Detection of Metalo β-lactamase (MBL) Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Clinical Samples. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:DC16-9. [PMID: 25120980 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8096.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent colonizer of hospitalized patients. They are responsible for serious infections such as meningitis, urological infections, septicemia and pneumonia. Carbapenem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is currently increasingly reported which is often mediated by production of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates may involve reduced cell wall permeability, production of chromosomal and plasmid mediated β lactamases, aminoglycosides modifying enzymes and an active multidrug efflux mechanism. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to detect the presence and the nature of plasmids among metallo-β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Also to detect the presence of bla VIM gene from these isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showing the metalo-β-lactamase enzyme (MBL) production were isolated. The MBL production was confirmed by three different methods. From the MBL producing isolates plasmid extraction was done by alkaline lysis method. Plasmid positive isolates were subjected for blaVIM gene detection by PCR method. RESULTS Two thousand seventy six clinical samples yielded 316 (15.22%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, out of which 141 (44.62%) were multidrug resistant. Among them 25 (17.73%) were metallo-β-lactamase enzyme producers. Plasmids were extracted from 18 out of 25 isolates tested. Five out of 18 isolates were positive for the blaVIM gene detection by the PCR amplification. CONCLUSION The MBL producers were susceptible to polymyxin /colistin with MIC ranging from 0.5 - 2μg/ml. Molecular detection of specific genes bla VIM were positive among the carbapenem resistant isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi S
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai , Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeya M
- Professor, Head of Department, Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai , Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Extensively drug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates containing blaVIM-2 and elements of Salmonella genomic island 2: a new genetic resistance determinant in Northeast Ohio. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5929-35. [PMID: 25070102 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02372-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are a mainstay of treatment for infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbapenem resistance mediated by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) remains uncommon in the United States, despite the worldwide emergence of this group of enzymes. Between March 2012 and May 2013, we detected MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in a university-affiliated health care system in northeast Ohio. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients, defined the resistance determinants and structure of the genetic element harboring the blaMBL gene through genome sequencing, and typed MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seven patients were affected that were hospitalized at three community hospitals, a long-term-care facility, and a tertiary care center; one of the patients died as a result of infection. Isolates belonged to sequence type 233 (ST233) and were extensively drug resistant (XDR), including resistance to all fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams; two isolates were nonsusceptible to colistin. The blaMBL gene was identified as blaVIM-2 contained within a class 1 integron (In559), similar to the cassette array previously detected in isolates from Norway, Russia, Taiwan, and Chicago, IL. Genomic sequencing and assembly revealed that In559 was part of a novel 35-kb region that also included a Tn501-like transposon and Salmonella genomic island 2 (SGI2)-homologous sequences. This analysis of XDR strains producing VIM-2 from northeast Ohio revealed a novel recombination event between Salmonella and P. aeruginosa, heralding a new antibiotic resistance threat in this region's health care system.
Collapse
|
43
|
Shivaprasad A, Antony B, Shenoy P. Comparative Evaluation of Four Phenotypic Tests for Detection of Metallo-β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Production in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:DC05-8. [PMID: 24995173 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/6447.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of nosocomial infections. In recent years, carbapenem resistance in A.baumannii has increased due to Ambler class B Metallo β-lactamases or class D OXA Carbapenemases. OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to detect and compare the various phenotypic methods for MBL production in nosocomial A.baumannii isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred sixty eight A.baumannii isolates were subjected to disc diffusion assay. Imipenem resistant isolates were subjected to 4 different phenotypic tests. MBL screening was done by Imipenem-EDTA double disc synergy test, Imipenem-EDTA combined disc test, Modified Hodge test and MBL E-test. RESULTS Out of 168 A.baumannii isolates, 85 (50.59%) were imipenem resistant. Among these 85 isolates, 57 (67.05%) were MBL positive by DDST, 69 (81.18%) by CDT, 85 (100%) by MHT and all these 85 isolates were confirmed to be MBL positive by MBL E-test method. CONCLUSION Combined disc test, Modified Hodge test & E-test are equally effective to detect MBL production. However, considering the cost constraints of E-test, simple MHT and CDT can be used. They are easy, economical and can be incorporated into routine testing in laboratories to monitor the emergence of MBLs in MDR A.baumannii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shivaprasad
- Assisstant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Father Muller Medical College , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Beena Antony
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Father Muller Medical College , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Shenoy
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Father Muller Medical College , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dortet L, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Worldwide dissemination of the NDM-type carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:249856. [PMID: 24790993 PMCID: PMC3984790 DOI: 10.1155/2014/249856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of one of the most recently described carbapenemases, namely, the New Delhi metallo-lactamase (NDM-1), constitutes a critical and growingly important medical issue. This resistance trait compromises the efficacy of almost all lactams (except aztreonam), including the last resort carbapenems. Therapeutical options may remain limited mostly to colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. The main known reservoir of NDM producers is the Indian subcontinent whereas a secondary reservoir seems to have established the Balkans regions and the Middle East. Although the spread of bla NDM-like genes (several variants) is derived mostly by conjugative plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae, this carbapenemase has also been identified in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. Acinetobacter sp. may play a pivotal role for spreading bla NDM genes for its natural reservoir to Enterobacteriaceae. Rapid diagnostic techniques (Carba NP test) and screening of carriers are the cornerstone to try to contain this outbreak which threatens the efficacy of the modern medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dortet
- INSERM U914 “Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics”, 78 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Poirel
- INSERM U914 “Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics”, 78 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, 3 Rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- INSERM U914 “Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics”, 78 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Medical and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, 3 Rue Albert Gockel, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nordmann P, Dortet L, Poirel L. Infections Due to NDM-1 Producers. Emerg Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416975-3.00021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
46
|
Kumar S, Bandyopadhyay M, Mondal S, Pal N, Ghosh T, Bandyopadhyay M, Banerjee P. Tigecycline activity against metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Avicenna J Med 2013; 3:92-6. [PMID: 24327967 PMCID: PMC3841483 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0770.120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgound: Treatment of serious life-threatening multi-drug-resistant organisms poses a serious problem due to the limited therapeutic options. Tigecycline has been recently marketed as a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Even though many studies have demonstrated the activity of tigecycline against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, its activity is not well-defined against micro-organisms producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), as there are only a few reports and the number of isolates tested is limited. Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of tigecycline against MBL-producing bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: The isolates were tested for MBL production by (i) combined-disk test, (ii) double disc synergy test (DDST), (iii) susceptibility to aztreonam (30 μg) disk. Minimum inhibitory concentration to tigecycline was determined according to agar dilution method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Disc diffusion susceptibility testing was also performed for all these isolates using tigecycline (15 μg) discs. Results: Among the total 308 isolates included in the study, 99 were found to be MBL producers. MBL production was observed mostly in isolates from pus samples (40.47%) followed by urine (27.4%) and blood (13.09%). MBL production was observed in E. coli (41.48%), K. pneumoniae (26.67%), Proteus mirabilis (27.78%), Citrobacter spp. (41.67%), Enterobacter spp. (25.08%), and Acinetobacter spp. (27.27%). The result showed that tigecycline activity was unaffected by MBL production and it was showed almost 100% activity against all MBL-producing isolates, with most of the isolates exhibiting an MIC ranging from 0.25-8 μg/ml, except 2 MBL-producing E. coli isolates who had an MIC of 8 μg/ml. Conclusion: To conclude, tigecycline was found to be highly effective against MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter isolates, but the presence of resistance among organisms, even before the mass usage of the drug, warrants the need of its usage as a reserve drug. The study also found that the interpretative criteria for the disc diffusion method, recommended by the FDA, correlates well with the MIC detection methods. So, the microbiology laboratories might use the relatively easier method of disc diffusion, as compared to the comparatively tedious method of MIC determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simit Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yousefi S, Nahaei M, Farajnia S, Akhi M, Ghotaslou R, Lotfipour F, Soroush M. Metallo-β-Lactamase-ProducingPseudomonas aeruginosain Two Iranian Teaching Hospitals, Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Serotypes. J Chemother 2013; 23:114-6. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2011.23.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
48
|
Morfín-Otero R, Alcántar-Curiel M, Rocha M, Alpuche-Aranda C, Santos-Preciado J, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Araiza-Navarro J, Flores-Vaca M, Esparza-Ahumada S, González-Díaz E, Pérez-Gómez H, Rodríguez-Noriega E. Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico over the Past 13 Years. Chemotherapy 2013; 59:57-65. [DOI: 10.1159/000351098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Martins AF, Borges A, Pagano M, Dalla-Costa LM, Barth AL. False-positive results in screening for metallo-β-lactamase are observed in isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii due to production of oxacilinases. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:500-1. [PMID: 23850322 PMCID: PMC9428052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
50
|
Detection of β-lactamase residues in milk by sandwich ELISA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2688-98. [PMID: 23812026 PMCID: PMC3734450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10072688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactamase residues in milk represent a public health risk. The cylinder plate detection method, which is based on bacterial growth, is laborious and time consuming. In this study, 15 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were selected against Temoneira (TEM) 1 β-lactamase. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on an optimum mAb pair was developed and validated for the detection of β-lactamase. The limit of detection and linear dynamic range of the method were 4.17 ng/mL and 5.5–100 ng/mL, respectively. β-Lactamase recovery in pure milk was 96.82–103.13%. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 6.21–7.38% and 12.96–13.74%, respectively. Our developed sandwich ELISA can be used as a rapid detection method of β-lactamase in milk.
Collapse
|