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Okutani A, Taira M, Iida S, Park ES, Tokuyoshi M, Watari Y, Suzuki T, Maeda K. Draft genome sequence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from a wild rat in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0126923. [PMID: 38597639 PMCID: PMC11080552 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01269-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a draft genome sequence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from the spleen of a wild rat from Mikura-shima Island, Japan. The bacterium was identified as serotype O:4b using PCR-based O-genotyping. These genomic data provide insights into the pathogenic potential of this strain in spontaneous outbreaks among wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okutani
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Taira
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikuni Tokuyoshi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Watari
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Scarpellini R, Giunti M, Bulgarelli C, Mondo E, Esposito E, Assirelli G, Piva S. Case report: First isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from the blood of a cat. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1261925. [PMID: 38249564 PMCID: PMC10796726 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1261925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old female domestic short-haired cat with a diagnosed diabetes mellitus and acromegaly was presented for lethargy and dysorexia. On clinical presentation, the patient showed hyperglycemia, hyperthermia, dull mentation, and dehydration. With the suspicion of an inflammatory or infectious complication of diabetes, she was hospitalized with constant rate infusion of insulin, and empirical ampicillin sulbactam was started. Blood culture revealed positivity for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the septic picture was confirmed by blood analysis, with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and an increased serum amyloid A concentration. The isolated Y. pseudotuberculosis strain showed susceptibility to every antimicrobial tested. During the second day of hospitalization, the onset of hypoglycemia and hypotension was treated with norepinephrine and glucose in fluid therapy. The cat recovered well and was discharged with insulin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. This is the first case of septicemia associated with Y. pseudotuberculosis in a cat, suspected of developing the infection after contact with natural reservoirs such as rodents or birds. This route of transmission should be highlighted especially in relation to the zoonotic potential of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Scarpellini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Assessment of the Role of Free-living and Farmed Fallow Deer (Dama dama) as A Potential Source of Human Infection with Multiple-Drug-Resistant Strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111266. [DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria that cause yersiniosis—one of the most important zoonotic diseases of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of potentially human-pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains in free-living and farmed fallow deer, and to evaluate their sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. A total of 372 rectal swabs were analyzed, including 262 from free-living and 110 from farmed fallow deer. Due to the psychrophilic properties of Yersinia, two samples were collected from each animal. Seven Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated from free-living fallow deer, while two strains were isolated from farmed fallow deer. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains were not identified. All isolated Y. enterocolitica strains were ystB-positive, and phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of this gene revealed the presence of two phylogenetic groups. Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from fallow deer belonged to biotype 1A, and serotyping analysis demonstrated that the vast majority did not agglutinate with any diagnostic sera. All strains were multiple drug resistant and were not sensitive to at least four of the tested chemotherapeutics (amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefalexin, and streptomycin). One Y. enterocolitica strain isolated from a free-living animal was resistant to nine out of the 13 analyzed chemotherapeutics and was intermediately sensitive to the four remaining chemotherapeutics. The highest sensitivity was noted in case of ciprofloxacin (five strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (three strains). Only one strain isolated from a free-living animal was sensitive to three out of the 13 examined antibiotics, whereas the remaining strains were sensitive to only one drug or were not sensitive to any of the chemotherapeutics used. The results of this study indicate that multiple drug-resistant Y. enterocolitica strains can be carried by free-living and farmed fallow deer. This observation gives serious cause for concern because the meat of fallow deer and other ruminants is often consumed semi-raw (steak) or raw (tartar steak).
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Yu H, Jin M. Applications of polymerase chain reaction‑based methods for the diagnosis of plague (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:511. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- General Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Huhehot, Inner Mongolia 010031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
| | - Min Jin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
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Lipopolysaccharide of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Complex. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101410. [PMID: 34680043 PMCID: PMC8533242 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), localized in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, serves as the major surface component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope responsible for the activation of the host's innate immune system. Variations of the LPS structure utilized by Gram-negative bacteria promote survival by providing resistance to components of the innate immune system and preventing recognition by TLR4. This review summarizes studies of the biosynthesis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex LPSs, and the roles of their structural components in molecular mechanisms of yersiniae pathogenesis and immunogenesis.
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Analysis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Isolates Recovered from Deceased Mammals of a German Zoo Animal Collection. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.03125-20. [PMID: 33789956 PMCID: PMC8315957 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03125-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an important pathogen for both humans and animals. It can infect livestock, as well as pets and wild animals. During recent years, a number of reports have described the isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis from zoo animals, mainly birds and mammals, for which the infection was mostly lethal. Between 2005 and 2019, there were at least 17 cases of deceased mammals, belonging to five different species, which suffered from a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection at the Zoo Wuppertal, Germany. Since only scarce information exists on the properties of Y. pseudotuberculosis from zoo animals, we characterized eight isolates, covering all infected species, in detail. All isolates were members of biotype 1, but belonged to five serotypes, five sequence types (STs), and seven core-genome multilocus sequence types (cgMLSTs). Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the seven isolates could be discriminated from each other. They differed significantly regarding their virulence genes and mobile genetic elements. While the virulence plasmid pYV existed in all serotypes (five isolates), a complete high-pathogenicity island (HPI) was detected only in the serotypes O:1a, O:1b, and O:13 (four isolates), but not in O:2a and O:2b. Similarly, the content of other plasmids and prophages varied greatly between the isolates. The data demonstrate that the deceased mammals were infected by seven individual isolates and not by a single type predominating in the zoo animals.
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Pang Y, Guo X, Tian X, Liu F, Wang L, Wu J, Zhang S, Li S, Liu B. Developing a novel molecular serotyping system based on capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 309:108332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Prevalence and Diversity in Wild Boars in Northeast Germany. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00675-18. [PMID: 29980552 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00675-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in wild boars in northeast Germany was determined. For that purpose, the tonsils of 503 wild boars were sampled. The presence of Y. pseudotuberculosis was studied by diagnostic PCR. Positive samples were analyzed by cultural detection using a modified cold enrichment protocol. Ten Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were obtained, which were characterized by biotyping, molecular serotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In addition, whole-genome sequences and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were analyzed. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from male and female animals, most of which were younger than 1 year. A prevalence of 2% (10/503) was determined by cultural detection, while 6.4% (32/503) of the animals were positive by PCR. The isolates belonged to the biotypes 1 and 2 and serotypes O:1a (n = 7), O:1b (n = 2), and O:4a (n = 1). MLST analysis revealed three sequence types, ST9, ST23, and ST42. Except one isolate, all isolates revealed a strong resistance to colistin. The relationship of the isolates was studied by whole-genome sequencing demonstrating that they belonged to four clades, exhibiting five different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) restriction patterns and a diverse composition of virulence genes. Six isolates harbored the virulence plasmid pYV. Besides two isolates, all isolates contained ail and inv genes and a complete or incomplete high-pathogenicity island (HPI). None of them possessed a gene for the superantigen YPM. The study shows that various Y. pseudotuberculosis strains exist in wild boars in northeast Germany, which may pose a risk to humans.IMPORTANCEYersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne pathogen whose occurrence is poorly understood. One reason for this situation is the difficulty in isolating the species. The methods developed for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica are not well suited for Y. pseudotuberculosis We therefore designed a protocol which enabled the isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis from a relatively high proportion of PCR-positive wild boar tonsils. The study indicates that wild boars in northeast Germany may carry a variety of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, which differ in terms of their pathogenic potential and other properties. Since wild boars are widely distributed in German forests and even populate cities such as Berlin, they may transmit yersiniae to other animals and crop plants and may thus cause human infections through the consumption of contaminated food. Therefore, the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis should be determined also in other animals and regions to learn more about the natural reservoir of this species.
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Seecharran T, Kalin-Manttari L, Koskela K, Nikkari S, Dickins B, Corander J, Skurnik M, McNally A. Phylogeographic separation and formation of sexually discrete lineages in a global population of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microb Genom 2017; 3:e000133. [PMID: 29177091 PMCID: PMC5695210 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative intestinal pathogen of humans and has been responsible for several nationwide gastrointestinal outbreaks. Large-scale population genomic studies have been performed on the other human pathogenic species of the genus Yersinia, Yersinia pestis and Yersinia enterocolitica allowing a high-resolution understanding of the ecology, evolution and dissemination of these pathogens. However, to date no purpose-designed large-scale global population genomic analysis of Y. pseudotuberculosis has been performed. Here we present analyses of the genomes of 134 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from around the world, from multiple ecosystems since the 1960s. Our data display a phylogeographic split within the population, with an Asian ancestry and subsequent dispersal of successful clonal lineages into Europe and the rest of the world. These lineages can be differentiated by CRISPR cluster arrays, and we show that the lineages are limited with respect to inter-lineage genetic exchange. This restriction of genetic exchange maintains the discrete lineage structure in the population despite co-existence of lineages for thousands of years in multiple countries. Our data highlights how CRISPR can be informative of the evolutionary trajectory of bacterial lineages, and merits further study across bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Seecharran
- 1Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | | | - Katja Koskela
- 3Centre for Military Medicine, Tykkikentäntie 1, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Simo Nikkari
- 3Centre for Military Medicine, Tykkikentäntie 1, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Benjamin Dickins
- 1Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | | | - Mikael Skurnik
- 2University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan McNally
- 5Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
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Yu X, Torzewska A, Zhang X, Yin Z, Drzewiecka D, Cao H, Liu B, Knirel YA, Rozalski A, Wang L. Genetic diversity of the O antigens of Proteus species and the development of a suspension array for molecular serotyping. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183267. [PMID: 28817637 PMCID: PMC5560731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus species are well-known opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with skin wound and urinary tract infections in humans and animals. O antigen diversity is important for bacteria to adapt to different hosts and environments, and has been used to identify serotypes of Proteus isolates. At present, 80 Proteus O-serotypes have been reported. Although the O antigen structures of most Proteus serotypes have been identified, the genetic features of these O antigens have not been well characterized. The O antigen gene clusters of Proteus species are located between the cpxA and secB genes. In this study, we identified 55 O antigen gene clusters of different Proteus serotypes. All clusters contain both the wzx and wzy genes and exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity. Potential functions of O antigen-related genes were proposed based on their similarity to genes in available databases. The O antigen gene clusters and structures were compared, and a number of glycosyltransferases were assigned to glycosidic linkages. In addition, an O serotype-specific suspension array was developed for detecting 31 Proteus serotypes frequently isolated from clinical specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report to describe the genetic features of Proteus O antigens and to develop a molecular technique to identify different Proteus serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Agnieszka Torzewska
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Department of General Microbiology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dominika Drzewiecka
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Department of General Microbiology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hengchun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Antoni Rozalski
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Department of General Microbiology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Kenyon JJ, Cunneen MM, Reeves PR. Genetics and evolution of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides: a novel pattern of O-antigen diversity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:200-217. [PMID: 28364730 PMCID: PMC5399914 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
O-antigen polysaccharide is a major immunogenic feature of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, and most species produce a large variety of forms that differ substantially from one another. There are 18 known O-antigen forms in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, which are typical in being composed of multiple copies of a short oligosaccharide called an O unit. The O-antigen gene clusters are located between the hemH and gsk genes, and are atypical as 15 of them are closely related, each having one of five downstream gene modules for alternative main-chain synthesis, and one of seven upstream modules for alternative side-branch sugar synthesis. As a result, many of the genes are in more than one gene cluster. The gene order in each module is such that, in general, the earlier a gene product functions in O-unit synthesis, the closer the gene is to the 5΄ end for side-branch modules or the 3΄ end for main-chain modules. We propose a model whereby natural selection could generate the observed pattern in gene order, a pattern that has also been observed in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J. Kenyon
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology. Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Monica M. Cunneen
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter R. Reeves
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Detection, seroprevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in pig tonsils in Northern Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 235:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhao N, Li M, Amer S, Liu S, Luo J, Wang S, He H. Mortality in Captive Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in China Due to Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Serotype O:1a. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:597-601. [PMID: 27535288 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common serotypes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infecting non-human primates are serotypes O:1b, O:3, O:4, and O:7. The O:1a serotype has never been reported in non-human primates. The present study describes an outbreak of serotype O:1a with high fatality (6/18) in captive rhesus monkeys in China. Bacteria were isolated from different organs of the carcasses using standard microbiological procedures. The strain was identified using conventional and molecular techniques such as morphological and biochemical identification, serotype determination, PCR-sequence analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene, detection of virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The pathogenicity was determined after experimental infection in mice. Taken together, the obtained data indicate that Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1a is a pathogen of concern and represents a potential threat to monkey conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Said Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Shelan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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Li J, Xue F, Yang Z, Zhang X, Zeng D, Chao G, Jiang Y, Li B. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains of Pandemic Serotypes Identified from Clinical and Environmental Samples from Jiangsu, China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:787. [PMID: 27303379 PMCID: PMC4885827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a major foodborne pathogen in China, Japan, Thailand, and other Asian countries. In this study, 72 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from clinical and environmental samples between 2006 and 2014 in Jiangsu, China. The serotypes and six virulence genes including thermostable direct hemolysin (TDR) and TDR-related hemolysin (TRH) genes were assessed among the isolates. Twenty five serotypes were identified and O3:K6 was one of the dominant serotypes. The genetic diversity was assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, and 48 sequence types (STs) were found, suggesting this V. parahaemolyticus group is widely dispersed and undergoing rapid evolution. A total of 25 strains of pandemic serotypes such as O3:K6, O5:K17, and O1:KUT were identified. It is worth noting that the pandemic serotypes were not exclusively identified from clinical samples, rather, nine strains were also isolated from environmental samples; and some of these strains harbored several virulence genes, which may render those strains pathogenicity potential. Therefore, the emergence of these "environmental" pandemic V. parahaemolyticus strains may poses a new threat to the public health in China. Furthermore, six novel serotypes and 34 novel STs were identified among the 72 isolates, indicating that V. parahaemolyticus were widely distributed and fast evolving in the environment in Jiangsu, China. The findings of this study provide new insight into the phylogenic relationship between V. parahaemolyticus strains of pandemic serotypes from clinical and environmental sources and enhance the MLST database; and our proposed possible O- and K- antigen evolving paths of V. parahaemolyticus may help understand how the serotypes of this dispersed bacterial population evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Li
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine BureauNanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University Yanghzou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Beijing Kemufeng Biopharmaceutical Company Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Zeng
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Chao
- Yangzhou Key Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Yanghzou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguang Li
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
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Kenyon JJ, Duda KA, De Felice A, Cunneen MM, Molinaro A, Laitinen J, Skurnik M, Holst O, Reeves PR, De Castro C. Serotype O:8 isolates in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex have different O-antigen gene clusters and produce various forms of rough LPS. Innate Immun 2016; 22:205-17. [PMID: 26873504 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916631403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, the O-antigen of LPS is used for the serological characterization of strains, and 21 serotypes have been identified to date. The O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster and corresponding O-antigen structure have been described for 18, leaving O:8, O:13 and O:14 unresolved. In this study, two O:8 isolates were examined. The O-antigen gene cluster sequence of strain 151 was near identical to serotype O:4a, though a frame-shift mutation was found in ddhD, while No. 6 was different to 151 and carried the O:1b gene cluster. Structural analysis revealed that No. 6 produced a deeply truncated LPS, suggesting a mutation within the waaF gene. Both ddhD and waaF were cloned and expressed in 151 and No. 6 strains, respectively, and it appeared that expression of ddhD gene in strain 151 restored the O-antigen on LPS, while waaF in No. 6 resulted in an LPS truncated less severely but still without the O-antigen, suggesting that other mutations occurred in this strain. Thus, both O:8 isolates were found to be spontaneous O-antigen-negative mutants derived from other validated serotypes, and we propose to remove this serotype from the O-serotyping scheme, as the O:8 serological specificity is not based on the O-antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katarzyna A Duda
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Antonia De Felice
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica M Cunneen
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Juha Laitinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Holst
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Napoli, Portici, Italy
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Arrausi-Subiza M, Gerrikagoitia X, Alvarez V, Ibabe JC, Barral M. Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in wild boars in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:4. [PMID: 26790625 PMCID: PMC4719535 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yersiniosis is a zoonosis widely distributed in Europe and swine carry different serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis in wild boars in northern Spain. The blood of wild boars (n = 505) was sampled between 2001 and 2012. Seroprevalence was determined in 490 serum samples with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventy-two of the animals were also examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica or Y. pseudotuberculosis in the tonsils with real-time polymerase chain reaction. All the tonsils were analysed twice, directly and after cold enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 1 % mannitol and 0.15 % bile salts. Results Antibodies directed against Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis were detected in 52.5 % of the animals. Yersinia enterocolitica was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction in 33.3 % of the wild boars and Y. pseudotuberculosis in 25 %. Significant differences were observed according to the sampling year, and the highest prevalence was during winter and spring. The highest antibody levels and Y.enterocolitica prevalence were observed in mountainous areas at altitudes higher than 600 m, with very cold winters, and with the highest annual rainfall for each dominant climate. Areas with low and medium livestock populations were associated with the highest seroprevalence of Yersinia spp. in wild boars, whereas areas with high ovine populations had the highest prevalence of Y. enterocolitica. Conclusions This study shows that Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are highly prevalent among wild boars in the Basque country, with Y. enterocolitica most prevalent. The risk of infection among wild boars is influenced by the season and the area in which they live. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-016-0184-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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17
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Horinouchi T, Nozu K, Hamahira K, Inaguma Y, Abe J, Nakajima H, Kugo M, Iijima K. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in Kawasaki disease and its clinical characteristics. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:177. [PMID: 26561332 PMCID: PMC4642785 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. Reportedly, there is an association between KD and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPT). Steroid therapy for KD patients with high risk of cardiac sequelae (CS) has been reported; however, the number of reports is limited. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 108 patients with newly diagnosed KD in one year to determine how many KD patients have positive anti-YPT antibody titers and/or positive anti-YPT-derived mitogen (YPM) antibody titers. In addition, we tried to identify clinical differences between KD patients in whom YPT infection was or not a contributing factor. We also compared clinical characteristics of patients treated with the protocol of the Randomized controlled trial to Assess Immunoglobulin plus Steroid Efficacy for Kawasaki disease (RAISE) study (RAISE group) and with the conventional Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) protocol (conventional group). Results Eleven patients (10 %) were positive for anti-YPT and/or anti-YPM antibodies (positive group) and 97 (90 %) were negative (negative group). Cardiac sequelae (CS) occurred significantly more frequently in the positive than the negative group (two patients, 18 % vs one patient, 1 %, p = 0.027). Forty patients were in the RAISE group. Two of 40 (5 %) in the RAISE group and one of 68 (1.47 %) in the conventional group had CS (p = 0.55). Conclusions KD patients with YPT infection had CS significantly more frequently and treatment with RAISE protocol did not decrease the frequency of CS in our cohort, nor did YPT infection affect risk scores of no response to IVIG. However, our sample size was overly small to draw such conclusions. Further investigation in a larger cohort is necessary to confirm our findings. Additionally, further research is needed to determine whether early diagnosis of YPT can prevent KD from developing and reduce the incidence of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Horinouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Hamahira
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Inaguma
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama Prefectural Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Kugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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18
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Magistrali C, Cucco L, Pezzotti G, Farneti S, Cambiotti V, Catania S, Prati P, Fabbi M, Lollai S, Mangili P, Sebastiani C, Bano L, Dionisi A, Luzzi I. Characterisation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from animals with yersiniosis during 1996–2013 indicates the presence of pathogenic and Far Eastern strains in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2015; 180:161-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Xie T, Wu Q, Xu X, Zhang J, Guo W. Prevalence and population analysis ofVibrio parahaemolyticusin aquatic products from South China markets. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv178. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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20
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Koskela KA, Mattinen L, Kalin-Mänttäri L, Vergnaud G, Gorgé O, Nikkari S, Skurnik M. Generation of a CRISPR database forYersinia pseudotuberculosiscomplex and role of CRISPR-based immunity in conjugation. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4306-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja A. Koskela
- Research and Development Department; Centre for Military Medicine; Helsinki Finland
| | - Laura Mattinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit; Immunobiology; University of Helsinki; PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Laura Kalin-Mänttäri
- Research and Development Department; Centre for Military Medicine; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit; Immunobiology; University of Helsinki; PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Univ Paris-Sud; Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie; UMR8621; Orsay France
- CNRS; Orsay France
- ENSTA ParisTech; Palaiseau France
| | - Olivier Gorgé
- Univ Paris-Sud; Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie; UMR8621; Orsay France
- CNRS; Orsay France
- DGA/MNRBC; Vert le Petit France
| | - Simo Nikkari
- Research and Development Department; Centre for Military Medicine; Helsinki Finland
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology; Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit; Immunobiology; University of Helsinki; PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics; Helsinki Finland
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21
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Laukkanen-Ninios R, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Korkeala H. EnteropathogenicYersiniain the Pork Production Chain: Challenges for Control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Laukkanen-Ninios
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Univ. of Helsinki; P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Univ. of Helsinki; P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Univ. of Helsinki; P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki Finland
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22
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Wang X, Liang J, Xi J, Yang J, Wang M, Tian K, Li J, Qiu H, Xiao Y, Duan R, Yang H, Li K, Cui Z, Qi M, Jing H. Canis lupus familiaris involved in the transmission of pathogenic Yersinia spp. in China. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Atypical Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:3 isolated from hunted wild boars in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:227-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang H, Feng J, Xue R, Du XJ, Lu X, Wang S. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detecting Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in milk powders. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M967-71. [PMID: 24697660 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative foodborne pathogen that causes several diseases, such as enteritis, septicemia, and reactive arthritis. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was developed to detect Y. pseudotuberculosis in milk powder. The DNA amplification could be completed in 1 h, and detected by produced white precipitate visible to naked eyes. The detection limit of LAMP assay was 10(0) fg/reaction for genomic DNA, and 10(0) CFU/100 g milk powder coupled with 12 h enrichment. LAMP assay is 100 times more sensitive than conventional polymerase chain reaction method for detecting Y. pseudotuberculosis, and correctly identified 18 cases of Y. pseudotuberculosis contaminations from 236 commercial milk powder products. In conclusion, the developed LAMP assay may facilitate rapid detection of Y. pseudotuberculosis contaminations in agricultural and food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Rapid and accurate detection of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Univ. of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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25
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Typing and clustering of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using insertion sequences. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1978-89. [PMID: 24671793 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00397-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteropathogen that has an animal reservoir and causes human infections, mostly in temperate and cold countries. Most of the methods previously used to subdivide Y. pseudotuberculosis were performed on small numbers of isolates from a specific geographical area. One aim of this study was to evaluate the typing efficiency of restriction fragment length polymorphism of insertion sequence hybridization patterns (IS-RFLP) compared to other typing methods, such as serotyping, ribotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), on the same set of 80 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis of global origin. We found that IS100 was not adequate for IS-RFLP but that both IS285 and IS1541 efficiently subtyped Y. pseudotuberculosis. The discriminatory index (DI) of IS1541-RFLP (0.980) was superior to those of IS285-RFLP (0.939), ribotyping (0.944), MLST (0.861), and serotyping (0.857). The combination of the two IS (2IS-RFLP) further increased the DI to 0.998. Thus, IS-RFLP is a powerful tool for the molecular typing of Y. pseudotuberculosis and has the advantage of exhibiting well-resolved banding patterns that allow for a reliable comparison of strains of worldwide origin. The other aim of this study was to assess the clustering power of IS-RFLP. We found that 2IS-RFLP had a remarkable capacity to group strains with similar genotypic and phenotypic markers, thus identifying robust populations within Y. pseudotuberculosis. Our study thus demonstrates that 2IS- and even IS1541-RFLP alone might be valuable tools for the molecular typing of global isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis and for the analysis of the population structure of this species.
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26
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The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex: characterization and delineation of a new species, Yersinia wautersii. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:452-63. [PMID: 24598372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Yersinia contains three species pathogenic for humans, one of which is the enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. A recent analysis by Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) of the 'Y. pseudotuberculosis complex' revealed that this complex comprises three distinct populations: the Y. pestis/Y. pseudotuberculosis group, the recently described species Yersinia similis, and a third not yet characterized population designated 'Korean Group', because most strains were isolated in Korea. The aim of this study was to perform an in depth phenotypic and genetic characterization of the three populations composing the Y. pseudotuberculosis complex (excluding Y. pestis, which belonged to the Y. pseudotuberculosis cluster in the MLST analysis). Using a set of strains representative of each group, we found that the three populations had close metabolic properties, but were nonetheless distinguishable based on D-raffinose and D-melibiose fermentation, and on pyrazinamidase activity. Moreover, high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry highlighted protein peaks characteristic of each population. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences shared high identity (≥99.5%), but specific nucleotide signatures for each group were identified. Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis also identified three genetically closely related but distinct populations. Finally, an Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis performed after sequencing the genomes of a subset of strains of each group also showed that intragroup identity (average for each group ≥99%) was higher than intergroup diversity (94.6-97.4%). Therefore, all phenotypic and genotypic traits studied concurred with the initial MLST data indicating that the Y. pseudotuberculosis complex comprises a third and clearly distinct population of strains forming a novel Yersinia species that we propose to designate Yersinia wautersii sp. nov. The isolation of some strains from humans, the detection of virulence genes (on the pYV and pVM82 plasmids, or encoding the superantigen ypmA) in some isolates, and the absence of pyrazinamidase activity (a hallmark of pathogenicity in the genus Yersinia) argue for the pathogenic potential of Y. wautersii.
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27
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Kubicek-Sutherland JZ, Heithoff DM, Ersoy SC, Shimp WR, Mahan MJ. Immunization with a DNA adenine methylase over-producing Yersinia pseudotuberculosis vaccine confers robust cross-protection against heterologous pathogenic serotypes. Vaccine 2014; 32:1451-9. [PMID: 24508035 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne pathogen that can cause serious human illness. Although the source and route of transmission often remain obscure, livestock have been implicated in some cases. The diversity of yersiniae present on farms and their widespread distribution in animal and environmental reservoirs necessitates the use of broad prophylactic strategies that are efficacious against many serotypes simultaneously. Herein, immunization of mice with a modified, live attenuated Y. pseudotuberculosis vaccine that overproduces the DNA adenine methylase (Dam(OP)) conferred robust protection against virulent challenge (150-fold LD50) with homologous and heterologous serotypes that have been associated with human disease (O:1, O:1a, O:3). Further, the dam gene was shown to be essential for cell viability in all (7 of 7) Y. pseudotuberculosis strains tested. Direct selection for the inheritance of dam mutant alleles in Y. pseudotuberculosis resulted in dam strain variants that contained compensatory (second-site suppressor) mutations in genes encoding methyl-directed mismatch repair proteins (mutHLS) that are involved in suppression of the non-viable cell phenotype in all (19/19) strains tested. Such dam mutH variants exhibited a significant increase in virulence and spontaneous mutation frequency relative to that of a Dam(OP) vaccine strain. These studies indicate that Y. pseudotuberculosis Dam(OP) strains conferred potent cross-protective efficacy as well as decreased virulence and spontaneous mutation frequency relative to those that lack Dam, which have compensatory mutations in mutHLS loci. These data suggest that development of yersiniae livestock vaccines based on Dam overproduction is a viable mitigation strategy to reduce these potential foodborne contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z Kubicek-Sutherland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Douglas M Heithoff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Selvi C Ersoy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - William R Shimp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael J Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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28
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Beczała A, Ovchinnikova OG, Datta N, Mattinen L, Knapska K, Radziejewska-Lebrecht J, Holst O, Skurnik M. Structure and genetic basis of Yersinia similis serotype O:9 O-specific polysaccharide. Innate Immun 2013; 21:3-16. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425913514783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide (OPS, O-Ag) cap of LPS is a major virulence factor of Yersinia species and also serves as a receptor for the binding of lytic bacteriophage φR1-37. Currently, the OPS-based serotyping scheme for the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex includes 21 known O-serotypes that follow three distinct lineages: Y. pseudotuberculosis sensu stricto, Y. similis and the Korean group of strains. Elucidation of the Y. pseudotuberculosis complex OPS structures and characterization of the OPS genetics (altogether 18 O-serotypes studied thus far) allows a better understanding of the relationships among the various O serotypes and will facilitate the analysis of the evolutionary processes giving rise to new serotypes. Here we present the characterization of the OPS structure and gene cluster of Y. similis O:9. Bacteriophage φR1-37, which uses the Y. similis O:9 OPS as a receptor, also infects a number of Y. enterocolitica serotypes, including O:3, O:5,27, O:9 and O:50. The Y. similis O:9 OPS structure resembled none of the receptor structures of the Y. enterocolitica strains, suggesting that φR1-37 can recognize several surface receptors, thus promoting broad host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Beczała
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Olga G Ovchinnikova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Neeta Datta
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Mattinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Knapska
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Radziejewska-Lebrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Otto Holst
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, and Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
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Zao CL, Tomanek L, Hurtado-McClure G, Cooke A, Berger R, Boulineau TM, Turner OC, Covington DE. Fatal atypical O:3 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:681-5. [PMID: 23932075 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fatal Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques was diagnosed based upon pathology, microbiology and PCR for this study. Pathological findings included acute, erosive to ulcerative, necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis. Genotyping by PCR showed an O:3 pattern (gmd-fcl(+), ddhC-prt(+), manB(+), ddhA-B(+)), but an additional gene, wbyK, was detected. This is the second report to identify wbyK+ O:3 genotype as the cause of fatal yersiniosis. The first case was reported in 2008, and involved farm deer in the U.S. As the frequency of wbyK+ O:3 genotype is found more often in different carriers, O:3 genotype is proposed to be divided into two subtypes: O:3a without wbyK and O:3b with wbyK. Virulence gene analysis showed the presence of inv, ypmC, irp1, ybtP-ybtQ, yadA, yopB, yopH, lcrF, and suggested that this O:3b isolate could be a highly pathogenic strain to cynomolgus macaques.
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Garzetti D, Susen R, Fruth A, Tietze E, Heesemann J, Rakin A. A molecular scheme for Yersinia enterocolitica patho-serotyping derived from genome-wide analysis. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 304:275-83. [PMID: 24246413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a food-borne, gastro-intestinal pathogen with world-wide distribution. Only 11 serotypes have been isolated from patients, with O:3, O:9, O:8 and O:5,27 being the serotypes most commonly associated with human yersiniosis. Serotype is an important characteristic of Y. enterocolitica strains, allowing differentiation for epidemiology, diagnosis and phylogeny studies. Conventional serotyping, performed by slide agglutination, is a tedious and laborious procedure whose interpretation tends to be subjective, leading to poor reproducibility. Here we present a PCR-based typing scheme for molecular identification and patho-serotyping of Y. enterocolitica. Genome-wide comparison of Y. enterocolitica sequences allowed analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of different serotypes, uncovering their formerly unknown genomic locations, and selection of targets for serotype-specific amplification. Two multiplex PCRs and one additional PCR were designed and tested on various reference strains and isolates from different origins. Our genotypic assay proved to be highly specific for identification of Y. enterocolitica species, discrimination between virulent and non-virulent strains, distinguishing the main human-related serotypes, and typing of conventionally untypeable strains. This genotyping scheme could be applied in microbiology laboratories as an alternative or complementary method to the traditional phenotypic assays, providing data for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Garzetti
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosa Susen
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Division Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Erhard Tietze
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Division Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Rakin
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Homology analysis of pathogenic Yersinia species Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia pestis based on multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:20-9. [PMID: 24131695 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02185-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme and used it to study the population structure and evolutionary relationships of three pathogenic Yersinia species. MLST of these three Yersinia species showed a complex of two clusters, one composed of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis and the other composed of Yersinia enterocolitica. Within the first cluster, the predominant Y. pestis sequence type 90 (ST90) was linked to Y. pseudotuberculosis ST43 by one locus difference, and 81.25% of the ST43 strains were from serotype O:1b, supporting the hypothesis that Y. pestis descended from the O:1b serotype of Y. pseudotuberculosis. We also found that the worldwide-prevalent serotypes O:1a, O:1b, and O:3 were predominated by specific STs. The second cluster consisted of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains, two of which may not have identical STs. The pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains formed a relatively conserved group; most strains clustered within ST186 and ST187. Serotypes O:3, O:8, and O:9 were separated into three distinct blocks. Nonpathogenic Y. enterocolitica STs were more heterogeneous, reflecting genetic diversity through evolution. By providing a better and effective MLST procedure for use with the Yersinia community, valuable information and insights into the genetic evolutionary differences of these pathogens were obtained.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ST43 (O:1b) Strains, B-7194 and B-7195. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/4/e00510-13. [PMID: 23868131 PMCID: PMC3715673 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00510-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first draft genome sequences of two Yersinia pseudotuberculosis sequence type 43 (ST43) (O:1b) strains, B-7194 and B-7195, isolated in Russia. The total lengths of the assemblies are 4,427,121 bp and 4,608,472 bp, and 3,819 and 4,018 coding sequences, respectively, were predicted within the genomes.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Five Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ST19 Isolates and One Isolate Variant. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:e0012213. [PMID: 23580708 PMCID: PMC3624682 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00122-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the first draft genome sequences of five Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates of sequence type (ST) 19 and of a variant from one of the five isolates. The total length of assemblies ranged from 4,226,485 bp to 4,274,148 bp, including between 3,808 and 3,843 predicted coding sequences.
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De Castro C, Kenyon JJ, Cunneen MM, Molinaro A, Holst O, Skurnik M, Reeves PR. The O-specific polysaccharide structure and gene cluster of serotype O:12 of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, and the identification of a novel L-quinovose biosynthesis gene. Glycobiology 2012; 23:346-53. [PMID: 23077132 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A major virulence factor for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is lipopolysaccharide, including O-polysaccharide (OPS). Currently, the OPS based serotyping scheme for Y. pseudotuberculosis includes 21 known O-serotypes, with genetic and structural data available for 17 of them. The completion of the OPS structures and genetics of this species will enable the visualization of relationships between O-serotypes and allow for analysis of the evolutionary processes within the species that give rise to new serotypes. Here we present the OPS structure and gene cluster of serotype O:12, thus adding one more to the set of completed serotypes, and show that this serotype is present in both Y. pseudotuberculosis and the newly identified Y. similis species. The O:12 structure is shown to include two rares ugars: 4-C[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexose(D-yersiniose) and 6-deoxy-L-glucopyranose (L-quinovose).We have identified a novel putative guanine diphosphate(GDP)-L-fucose 4-epimerase gene and propose a pathway for the synthesis of GDP-L-quinovose, which extends the known GDP-L-fucose pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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35
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Souza RA, Falcão JP. A novel high-resolution melting analysis-based method for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis genotyping. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 91:329-35. [PMID: 23041267 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric pathogen that is environmentally widespread and is known to cause human and animal infections. The development of a fast and inexpensive typing system is necessary to facilitate epidemiological studies of Y. pseudotuberculosis infections. In this study, we aimed to develop a method of Y. pseudotuberculosis genotyping based on determining differences in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA). Using a set of nine primer pairs, ten SNPs were screened from sequences in the 16S rRNA, glnA, gyrB and recA sequences of 12 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains that were deposited in the GenBank database. The genetic diversity of a collection of 40 clinical Y. pseudotuberculosis strains was determined using the HRMA method and the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique was used for comparison. Different melting profiles were found in five out of a total of nine analyzed fragments. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the nucleotides that were identified in the nine analyzed fragments, and the tree demonstrated that Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were separated into two groups. The first cluster was composed of strains from the 1/O:1a serogroup and the second of strains from the 2/O:3 serogroup. The separation into two clusters based on distinct bio-serogroups of Y. pseudotuberculosis was consistent with the results in the MLST database. The simple and highly reproducible HRMA assay developed by us may be used as a rapid and cost-effective method to genotype Y. pseudotuberculosis strains of O:1 and O:3 serogroups and it can complement sequence-based methods facilitating epidemiological studies of this Yersinia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Souza
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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36
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Chen M, Guo D, Wong HC, Zhang X, Liu F, Chen H, Chen M, Liu B, Wang L, Wu F, Feng L. Development of O-serogroup specific PCR assay for detection and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 159:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fredriksson-Ahomaa M. Isolation of Enteropathogenic Yersinia from Non-human Sources. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 954:97-105. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Tseneva GY, Chesnokova MV, Timofeevich KV, Aleksandrovna VE, Burgasova OA, Sayapina LV, Aleksandrovna TK, Karimova TV. Pseudotuberculosis in the Russian federation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 954:63-8. [PMID: 22782748 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Yakovlevna Tseneva
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14, Mira ul, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
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Skurnik M. Yersinia surface structures and bacteriophages. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 954:293-301. [PMID: 22782776 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Laukkanen-Ninios R, Didelot X, Jolley KA, Morelli G, Sangal V, Kristo P, Imori PFM, Fukushima H, Siitonen A, Tseneva G, Voskressenskaya E, Falcao JP, Korkeala H, Maiden MCJ, Mazzoni C, Carniel E, Skurnik M, Achtman M. Population structure of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex according to multilocus sequence typing. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:3114-27. [PMID: 21951486 PMCID: PMC3988354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus sequence analysis of 417 strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis revealed that it is a complex of four populations, three of which have been previously assigned species status [Y. pseudotuberculosis sensu stricto (s.s.), Yersinia pestis and Yersinia similis] and a fourth population, which we refer to as the Korean group, which may be in the process of speciation. We detected clear signs of recombination within Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. as well as imports from Y. similis and the Korean group. The sources of genetic diversification within Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. were approximately equally divided between recombination and mutation, whereas recombination has not yet been demonstrated in Y. pestis, which is also much more genetically monomorphic than is Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. Most Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. belong to a diffuse group of sequence types lacking clear population structure, although this species contains a melibiose-negative clade that is present globally in domesticated animals. Yersinia similis corresponds to the previously identified Y. pseudotuberculosis genetic type G4, which is probably not pathogenic because it lacks the virulence factors that are typical for Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s. In contrast, Y. pseudotuberculosis s.s., the Korean group and Y. pestis can all cause disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Laukkanen-Ninios
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Keith A. Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Giovanna Morelli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vartul Sangal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Kristo
- Sequencing Core Facility, Haartman Institute, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Priscilla F. M. Imori
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hiroshi Fukushima
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - Anja Siitonen
- Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Juliana P. Falcao
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin C. J. Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Camila Mazzoni
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Carniel
- Institut Pasteur, Yersinia research Unit, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris France
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Achtman
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
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41
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Fukushima H, Shimizu S, Inatsu Y. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Detection in Foods. J Pathog 2011; 2011:735308. [PMID: 22567341 PMCID: PMC3335482 DOI: 10.4061/2011/735308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis which can cause yersiniosis in humans and animals are thought to be significant food-borne pathogens and be important as hygiene indicator in food safety. The pathogenic Y. enterocolitica serotypes/biotypes are O:3/4 and 3 variant VP negative, O:5, 27/2, O:8/1b, and O:9/2, have been reported worldwide. Y. pseudotuberculosis is distributed less widely than Y. enterocolitica. Isolation methods usually involve selective and recovery enrichment of the food sample followed by plating onto selective media, confirmation of typical colonies and testing for virulence properties of isolated strains. Recently, DNA-based methods, such as PCR assays, have been developed to detect pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis in foods more rapidly, and sensitivity than can be achieved by conventional culture methods. This paper reviews commercially available conventional and PCR-based procedures for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia in food. These methods are effective as the isolation and detection methods to target pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fukushima
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment Science, Izumo 690-0122, Japan
| | - S. Shimizu
- Food Hygiene Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
- Food Safety Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Y. Inatsu
- Food Hygiene Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
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42
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Kenyon JJ, De Castro C, Cunneen MM, Reeves PR, Molinaro A, Holst O, Skurnik M. The genetics and structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:10 and its relationship with Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cunneen MM, Pacinelli E, Song WC, Reeves PR. Genetic analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1140-6. [PMID: 21325338 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 21 O-polysaccharide (OPS) O-antigen-based serotypes described for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, those of O:6 and O:7 are unusual in that both contain colitose (4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-d-mannose or 4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexose), which has not otherwise been reported for this species, and the O:6 OPS also contains yersiniose A (4-C[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose), another unusual dideoxyhexose sugar. In Y. pseudotuberculosis, the genes for OPS synthesis generally cluster together between the hemH and gsk loci. Here, we present the sequences of the OPS gene clusters of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7, and the location of the genes required for synthesis of these OPSs, except that there is still ambiguity regarding allocation of some of the glycosyltransferase functions. The O:6 and O:7 gene clusters have much in common with each other, but differ substantially from the group of 13 gene clusters already sequenced, which share several features and sequence similarities. We also present a possible sequence of events for the derivation of the O:6 and O:7 gene clusters from the most closely related set of 13 sequenced previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Cunneen
- Division of Microbiology, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Ch'ng SL, Octavia S, Xia Q, Duong A, Tanaka MM, Fukushima H, Lan R. Population structure and evolution of pathogenicity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:768-75. [PMID: 21131531 PMCID: PMC3028722 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01993-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric human pathogen but is widespread in the environment. Pathogenicity is determined by a number of virulence factors, including the virulence plasmid pYV, the high-pathogenicity island (HPI), and the Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (YPM), a superantigen. The presence of the 3 virulence factors varies among Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates. We developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to address the population structure of Y. pseudotuberculosis and the evolution of its pathogenicity. The seven housekeeping genes selected for MLST were mdh, recA, sucA, fumC, aroC, pgi, and gyrB. An MLST analysis of 83 isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis, representing 19 different serotypes and six different genetic groups, identified 61 sequence types (STs) and 12 clonal complexes. Out of 26 allelic changes that occurred in the 12 clonal complexes, 13 were mutational events while 13 were recombinational events, indicating that recombination and mutation contributed equally to the diversification of the clonal complexes. The isolates were separated into 2 distinctive clusters, A and B. Cluster A is the major cluster, with 53 STs (including Y. pestis strains), and is distributed worldwide, while cluster B is restricted to the Far East. The YPM gene is widely distributed on the phylogenetic tree, with ypmA in cluster A and ypmB in cluster B. pYV is present in cluster A only but is sporadically absent in some cluster A isolates. In contrast, an HPI is present only in a limited number of lineages and must be gained by lateral transfer. Three STs carry all 3 virulence factors and can be regarded as high-pathogenicity clones. Isolates from the same ST may not carry all 3 virulence factors, indicating frequent gain or loss of these factors. The differences in pathogenicity among Y. pseudotuberculosis strains are likely due to the variable presence and instability of the virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shear Lane Ch'ng
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - Qiuyu Xia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - An Duong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - Mark M. Tanaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukushima
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan
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De Castro C, Skurnik M, Molinaro A, Holst O. Characterization of the specific O-polysaccharide structure and biosynthetic gene cluster of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:15. Innate Immun 2010; 15:351-9. [PMID: 19723831 DOI: 10.1177/1753425909105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotyping scheme contains 21 serotypes based on the distribution of about 30 different O-factors within the species. The chemical structures of LPSs and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis has been determined for a number of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains representing different serotypes; thus, an overall picture of the relationship between genetics and structures is emerging. In this work, we have performed a structural and genetic analysis of the Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:15 O-specific polysaccharide. Our results showed that the set-up of the Y. pseudotuberculosis O:15 gene cluster is a hybrid between those of Y. pseudotuberculosis serotypes O:1b and O:5a, possibly due to a single recombination event. The hybrid nature could also be seen in the structure of the O-specific polysaccharide repeating unit pentasaccharide. It contains a tetrameric backbone identical to that of O:5a while the branching paratofuranose residue is identical to that of O:1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Castro
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
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De Castro C, Kenyon JJ, Cunneen MM, Reeves PR, Molinaro A, Holst O, Skurnik M. Genetic characterisation and structural analysis of the O-specific polysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1c. Innate Immun 2010; 17:183-90. [PMID: 20418261 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910364425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many, but not all, of the current 21 serotypes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been investigated with regard to the chemical structures of their O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis. Completion of the genetics and structures of the remaining serotypes will enhance our understanding of the emerging relationship between genetics and structures within this species. Here, we present a structural and genetic analysis of the Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1c OPS. Our results showed that this OPS has the same backbone as Y. pseudotuberculosis O:2b, but with a 3,6-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexofuranose (paratofuranose, Parf) side-branch instead of a 3,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexopyranose (abequopyranose, Abep). The 3'-end of the gene cluster is the same as for O:2b and has the genes for synthesis of the backbone and for processing the completed repeat unit. The 5'-end of the cluster consists of the same genes as O:1b for synthesis of Parf and a related gene for its transfer to the repeating unit backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Castro
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Cai CS, Zhu YZ, Zhong Y, Xin XF, Jiang XG, Lou XL, He P, Qin JH, Zhao GP, Wang SY, Guo XK. Development of O-antigen gene cluster-specific PCRs for rapid typing six epidemic serogroups of Leptospira in China. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:67. [PMID: 20196873 PMCID: PMC2843611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis. The O-antigen is the distal part of the lipopolysaccharide, which is a key component of outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and confers serological specificity. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of leptospirosis are relative to the serology based taxonomic unit. Identification of Leptospira strains by serotyping is laborious and has several drawbacks. Results In this study, the O-antigen gene clusters of four epidemic Leptospira serogroups (serogroup Canicola, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis) in China were sequenced and all genes were predicted in silico. Adding published sequences of two serogroups, Icterohaemorrhagiae (strain Lai and Fiocruz L1-130) and Sejroe (strain JB197 and L550), we identified six O-antigen-specific genes for six epidemic serogroups in China. PCR assays using these genes were developed and tested on 75 reference strains and 40 clinical isolates. Conclusion The results show that the PCR-based assays can be reliable and alternative means for rapid typing of these six serogroups of Leptospira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Song Cai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Nakamura SI, Hayashidani H, Iwata T, Takada M, Une Y. Spontaneous Yersiniosis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 7 in a squirrel monkey. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 71:1657-9. [PMID: 20046036 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A captive male Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) of less than 1 year of age died following diarrhea and debilitation on the day of death. At necropsy, necrotizing enteritis accompanied with enlarged Peyer's patches, solitary lymphatic follicles and mesenteric lymph nodes, and multiple yellowish-white nodules in the spleen and liver were found. Histopathologically, these lesions were necrotizing inflammation containing Gram-negative bacilli. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 7 was isolated from the spleen and liver. The virF gene, which is an essential virulent plasimid (pYV) in pathogenic Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates, and the ypmA gene, which is a superantigenic toxin, were detected in the isolates. This is the first report of a fatal case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 7 infection in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan
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Abstract
The O antigen, consisting of many repeats of an oligosaccharide unit, is part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is on the cell surface and appears to be a major target for both immune system and bacteriophages, and therefore becomes one of the most variable cell constituents. The variability of the O antigen provides the major basis for serotyping schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. The genes responsible for the synthesis of O antigen are usually in a single cluster known as O antigen gene cluster, and their location on the chromosome within a species is generally conserved. Three O antigen biosynthesis pathways including Wzx/Wzy, ABC-transporter and Synthase have been discovered. In this chapter, the traditional and molecular O serotyping schemes are compared, O antigen structures and gene clusters of well-studied species are described, processes for formation and distribution of the variety of O antigens are discussed, and finally, the role of O antigen in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. The most important bacterial warfare agents — review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:263-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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