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Rawre J, Khullar S, Gupta S, Khanna N, Dhawan B. Oropharyngeal Chlamydia in MSM attending STI clinic of India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 0:1-2. [PMID: 37317741 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1136_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rawre
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somesh Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Benu Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ahmed OB, Bahwerth FS. Detection of urogenital pathogens in sterile pyuria samples by polymerase chain reaction. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with sterile pyuria may be infected with sexually transmitted diseases or have renal tuberculosis. This study investigated the possibility of detecting sexually transmitted diseases and Mycobacterialtuberculosis in sterile pyuria samples with polymerase chain reaction.
Methods
Forty-four day-3 negative urine culture samples were investigated for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases and Mycobacterialtuberculosis.
Results
Among the 44 samples, 61.4% were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial DNA (either sexually transmitted diseases or Mycobacteria). Among the 27 positive samples, 37% were positive for Ureaplasmaurealyticum, 26% were positive for Chlamydiatrachomatis, 14.8% were positive for Neisseriagonorrhoeae, 11.1% were positive for Mycoplasmagenitalium, 7.4% were positive for Mycoplasmahominis, and only one sample (3.7%) was positive for Mycobacterialtuberculosis. No significant associations were found between PCR-positive urine samples and patient characteristics.
Conclusions
It was concluded that Ureaplasmaurealyticum was predominant in sterile pyuria followed by Chlamydiatrachomatis. There were no significant associations between PCR-positive samples and sex, symptomatic patients, or antibiotic use. PCR is an instant diagnostic tool for sexually transmitted diseases in sterile pyuria; hence, it is advised to be performed on negative culture samples as a routine laboratory screening test whenever possible.
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Darvishi F, Ganji A, Khansarinejad B, Sadoogh Abbasian S, Abtahi H. Cloning, expression and purification of antigenic fragments of the Ureaplasma urealyticum UreD protein and its value in serology. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 14:813-819. [PMID: 36721453 PMCID: PMC9867610 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum is usually done through culture. With the change of the smallest effective factor in culture, we face the lack of growth of these bacteria, which is one of the important reasons to find a suitable alternative for the diagnosis of this bacterium. UreD is a protected gene in this bacterium. The aim of this was to evaluate the ability of antigenic regions of UreD protein to bind to patients' serum antibodies. Materials and Methods Antigenic regions of UreD protein were predicted using IEDB software with five different methods: Emini Surface Accessibility Prediction, Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity, Chou and Fasman beta turn prediction, Karplus and Schulz flexibility scale, Ellipro-Epitope prediction based upon structural protrusion. Antigenic regions of UreD gene was clonned, expressed and purified. The antigenicity of this recombinant protein against the antibodies in the serum of people infected with U. urealyticum infections was checked in western blotting. Results The results showed that the antigenic regions of the UreD protein was producted and its antigenicity was demonstrated in western blotting. Moreover, all sera from patients infected with U. urealyticum reacted to the recombinant antigen. Conclusion Specimens from people infected with U. urealyticum infection was positive in Western blotting suggesting that UreD protein has antigenic properties. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable candidate for the design of diagnostic kits and U. urealyticum vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faleh Darvishi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Behzad Khansarinejad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,Corresponding author: Hamid Abtahi, Ph.D, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Tel: +98-8614173526 Fax: +98-8614173526
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Prevalence of Certain Urogenital Bacterial Mollicutes in Patients Suffering from Infertility. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2022:2812788. [PMID: 35360463 PMCID: PMC8964151 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2812788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mollicutes urogenital tract infections are considered a possible cause of infertility worldwide. Genital Mollicutes infections are difficult and impractical to diagnose by culturing or serology. Mollicutes included in this study were Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium genital infections among infertile males and females patients. Methods This study included 103 patients who visited Al-Shunar Clinic in Nablus city in Palestine and diagnosed with infertility during January 2018 to October 2018. The semen, urine, and/or vaginal swab specimens collected from patients were examined by PCR for detection of M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium. Results A total of 57 semen, 37 urine, and 16 vaginal swab specimens were collected. Out of the 110 examined specimens, 35 (31.8%) were PCR positive for at least one Mollicutes, which were 16 (14.6%) M. hominis, 11 (10%) U. urealyticum, and 8 (7.3%) M. genitalium. Significant association were found between infections of M. hominis and U. urealyticum (P=0.044) and between M. hominis and M. genitalium (P=0.005) infections. M. hominis infection was found in significantly (P=0.048) higher percentage in males (20.6%) in comparison with females (5.7%). On the other hand, M. genitalium infection rate in females (8.6%) was slightly higher than males (7.4%). M. hominis was more prevalent in all age groups except for patient's age group 40–50 years old, where M. genitalium was more prevalent. M. hominis was also more prevalent in all occupation types and among all smokers. Conclusion Urogenital infections caused by M. hominis, M. genitalium, and U. urealyticum could be a possible cause of infertility among patients with different age groups, genders, and occupations. Thus, more attention by infertility centers and physicians is required in adopting molecular methods for diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms.
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Maya-Rodríguez LM, Carrillo-Casas EM, Rojas-Trejo V, Trigo-Tavera F, Miranda-Morales RE. Prevalence of three Mycoplasma sp. by multiplex PCR in cattle with and without respiratory disease in central Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:394. [PMID: 36417039 PMCID: PMC9685072 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Mycoplasma bovis, Myc. dispar, and Myc. bovirhinis, which are involved in bovine respiratory disease through a multiplex PCR as an alternative to culture's features that hamper Mycoplasma isolation. Nasal swabs were taken from 335 cattle with and without respiratory disease background (RDB) from dairy herds in the central region of Mexico. Each sample was divided in two; the first part was processed for the direct DNA extraction of the nasal swab and the second for Mycoplasma isolation, culture, and then the multiplex PCR was performed. In the nasal swabs, Myc. bovis was identified in 21.1%; Myc. dispar, in 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis, in 10.8% in cattle with RDB. Isolates were identified as Myc. bovis, 20.1%; Myc. dispar, 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis, 6.1%. There is a strong correlation between the presence of Mycoplasma identified by PCR and the clinical history of the disease (ρ < 0.0000). In animals without RDB, Myc. bovirhinis was the only species detected in 6.1% of the samples processed directly for multiplex PCR, and in 2% of the isolates. There is an excellent correlation (kappa 0.803) between the isolation and the 16S PCR and a high correlation (kappa 0.75) between the isolation and the multiplex PCR. Therefore, we conclude that the PCR multiplex test is highly sensitive and may be used for the diagnosis and surveillance of the three species in biological samples and mycoplasma isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Maya-Rodríguez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - E. M. Carrillo-Casas
- grid.414754.70000 0004 6020 7521Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Depto. de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación, Calz. de Tlalpan 4800, Secc XVI, 14080 Tlalpan CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - V. Rojas-Trejo
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - F. Trigo-Tavera
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Patología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - R. E. Miranda-Morales
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
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Tjoa E, Joon S, Moehario LH. Diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211053278. [PMID: 34686092 PMCID: PMC8543565 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (genital mycoplasma) amongst Indonesian women is poorly understood because of limited availability of diagnostic techniques. We sought to compare the diagnostic parameters of the AF Genital System® with those of culture methods and PCR as the gold standard for identification of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in vaginal swab specimens. METHODS This was an observational diagnostic study. Eighty-eight specimens were collected from patients with abnormal vaginal discharge. Detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum was performed using the AF Genital System®, culture methods, and PCR. RESULTS Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had sensitivities of 66.6% and 57% (M. hominis) and 55.5% and 77.8% (U. urealyticum). Compared with PCR and culture methods, respectively, the AF Genital System® had specificities of 82.9% and 86.5% (M. hominis) and 82.3% and 84.8% (U. urealyticum). CONCLUSION The sensitivity of the AF Genital System® for detection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum from vaginal swab samples was lower than that of PCR, but specificity was reasonably good (82% to 83%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enty Tjoa
- Department of Microbiology, 64732Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Lucky H Moehario
- Department of Microbiology, 64732Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Rapid Detection of Urinary Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis Isolated from Pregnant Women and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Park S, Oh D, Heo H, Lee G, Kim SM, Ansari A, You YA, Jung YJ, Kim YH, Lee M, Kim YJ. Prediction of preterm birth based on machine learning using bacterial risk score in cervicovaginal fluid. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13435. [PMID: 33905152 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preterm birth (PTB) is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in newborns. The main cause of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) is the activation of an inflammatory response as a result of ascending genital tract infection. Despite various studies on the effects of the vaginal microbiome on PTB, a practical method for its clinical application has yet to be developed. METHOD OF STUDY In this case-control study, 94 Korean pregnant women with PTB (n = 38) and term birth (TB; n = 56) were enrolled. Their cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) was sampled, and a total of 10 bacteria were analyzed using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The PTB and TB groups were compared, and a PTB prediction model was created using bacterial risk scores using machine learning techniques (decision tree and support vector machine). The predictive performance of the model was validated using random subsampling. RESULTS Bacterial risk scoring model showed significant differences (P < 0.001). The PTB risk was low when the Lactobacillus iners ratio was 0.812 or more. In groups with a ratio under 0.812, moderate and high risk was classified as a U. parvum ratio of 4.6 × 10-3 . The sensitivity and specificity of the PTB prediction model using bacteria risk score were 71% and 59%, respectively, and 77% and 67%, respectively, when white blood cell (WBC) data were included. CONCLUSION Using machine learning, the bacterial risk score in CVF can be used to predict PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hanna Heo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gain Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School (BK21 Plus Program, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School (BK21 Plus Program, Seoul, Korea
| | - AbuZar Ansari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ah You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Ji Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School (BK21 Plus Program, Seoul, Korea
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A New Gold Rush: A Review of Current and Developing Diagnostic Tools for Urinary Tract Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030479. [PMID: 33803202 PMCID: PMC7998255 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in the United States and consequently are responsible for significant healthcare expenditure. The standard urine culture is the current gold standard for diagnosing urinary tract infections, however there are limitations of the test that directly contribute to increased healthcare costs. As a result, new and innovative techniques have been developed to address the inefficiencies of the current standard-it remains to be seen whether these tests should be performed adjunctly to, or perhaps even replace the urine culture. This review aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the newer and emerging diagnostic techniques such as PCR, expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC), and next generation sequencing (NGS).
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Moridi K, Ghazvini K, Hemmaty M, Hoseiniun H, Torkaman M, Fallah Mehrabadi MH. Prevalence Determination of m. Hominis and m. Genitalium in the Semen Samples in the Northeast of Iran Using Culture and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:41-49. [PMID: 33818956 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2019.125966.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Infertility has recently become a growing social and economic world problem. Genital mycoplasmas, such as Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium, are most frequently associated with several adverse effects on men&rsquo;s fertility. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hominis and M. genitalium in the semen samples in thenortheast of Iran. During thiscross-sectional study from February to May, 2018, 100 semen samples were collected from 100 infertile men in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi province, northeast of Iran. The presence of M. hominis and M. genitalium was detected by cultivation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Multiplex PCR assays. The colony of mycoplasma was confirmed by Diene&rsquo;s stain; moreover, arginine hydrolysis, glucose, and urea utilization were evaluated. The following semen indices were analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines for semen analysis: color, volume, appearance, liquefaction, viscosity, concentration, pH, leukocyte concentration, progressive motility, morphological normality, motile sperm concentration, functional sperm concentration, sperm motility index, and functional sperm. The gene of 16SrRNA (GPO1&amp; MGSO primers) was used as the target gene of the Mycoplasma genus in PCR assay. Multiplex-PCR was performed with a specific primer for conserved regions in the 16SrRNA gene for M. hominis (RNAH1&amp; RNAH2 primers) and the 140-kDa Adhesion Protein Gene for M. genitalium (MG1 &amp; MG2 primers).According to the results,9 (9%) samples were PCR-positive for Mycoplasma spp , while there were 7 (7%) cases isolated by cultivation. M. hominis was detected in 8 (8%) samples by Multiplex PCR, while there was no evidence for M. genitalium. The mean age scores of all infertile and infected men were obtained at 31 and 30 years, respectively. The study could not show any statistical correlation between mycoplasma infection and abnormal semen parameters. The heterogeneity of mycoplasma prevalence in the reports can be ascribed to differences in geographic areas, the sensitivity of the identification method, condition of the group (fertile/infertile), sample size, and operator proficiency. Various results have been reported in numerous studies conducted on the relationship between mycoplasma infection and abnormal semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh Moridi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - K Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Hemmaty
- Salim Immune Product Co., No.52, Sanabad 44, Sanabad St., Mashhad, Iran.,Salim Immune Product Co., No.52, Sanabad 44, Sanabad St., Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hoseiniun
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Torkaman
- Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M H Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Armeanu T, Anton E, Scripcariu I, Maftei R. The Prevalence of Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Mycoplasma Hominis Infections in Infertile Patients in the Northeast Region of Romania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:211. [PMID: 33652790 PMCID: PMC7996858 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) are two commensal microorganisms that form the urogenital microbiota. Under a state of dysbiosis, both bacteria cause intrauterine infection. Material and methods: Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of UU and MH among four hundred and eleven infertile women. Results: Women between thirty and thirty-five years old were the most affected group, followed by those that were 25 and 30 years old, respectively. Cumulatively, the prevalence of single UU and MH, and coinfection, was 28.46% (n = 117), (n = 2) 0.48%, and 2.91% (n = 12), respectively, with an overall detection rate of 31.87% (n = 131). To assess the associated drug susceptibility, endocervical samples were unequally sent to Regina Maria (n = 281) and Synevo (n = 130) laboratories for further analyses. Pristinamycin (100% vs. 100%) and Josamycin (100% vs. 98.00%) were the most efficient antibiotics in eradicating UU and MH, several others also displaying a high efficiency, among which can be mentioned Doxycycline (98.23%), Minocycline (96.00%), Tetracycline (96.48% vs. 68.00%), and Erythromycin (70.17% vs. 92.00%). Based on antibiograms, Clarithromycin (88.00%), Roxithromycin (88.00%), Levofloxacin (82.00%), and Azithromycin (78.94%) can be further used in treating such infections. On the other hand, Clindamycin (4.00%) and Ciprofloxacin (12.27% vs. 2.00%) are no longer viable because both UU and MH display an intermediate response towards gained resistance. Interestingly, the efficiency of Ofloxacin (22.79% vs. 60.00%) was conflicting, this possibly suggesting a transient stage to a gradual adaptability of these microorganisms to Ofloxacin. Conclusions: The most susceptible age groups in each case were women that were between twenty and forty years old. It can be concluded that four antibiotics can be safely used for treating UU, MH, or dual infections whose efficiency was over 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (T.A.); (E.A.); (I.S.); (R.M.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Theodora Armeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (T.A.); (E.A.); (I.S.); (R.M.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emil Anton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (T.A.); (E.A.); (I.S.); (R.M.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Scripcariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (T.A.); (E.A.); (I.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Radu Maftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (T.A.); (E.A.); (I.S.); (R.M.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
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12
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Molecular diagnostic of Ureaplasma urealyticum presence and tetracycline resistance in urine samples. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common infections in Romania. Infection with Ureaplasma urelyticum is one of the major causes of STIs and can cause serious complications. Although tetracycline is the drug commonly used to treat infections caused by U. urealyticum, several studies indicate the emergence and rapid development of strains resistant to these antibiotics in the United States or Europe. Tetracycline resistance in bacteria is encoded by a number of different genetic determinants but in mycoplasmas the only tetracycline resistance determinant that has been reported is the tetM gene. Tetracycline resistance among Ureaplasma spp. is associated with the presence of the horizontally acquired tetM resistance gene. Our study on bacterial DNA aimed to determine the presence of tetracycline-resistant U. urealyticum strains, by identifying the presence of the tetM gene. We used first void urine samples from 622 STI-suspected subjects. DNA was extracted, purified and amplified via PCR for the simultaneous detection of 6 STIs. 68 patients were diagnosed with U. urealyticum. DNA obtained from these samples was amplified using the tetM gene and U. urealyticum - specific urease gene primers. The urease gene was amplified in all samples, confirming the presence of U. urealyticum. The tetM gene was amplified in 2 samples considered tetracycline-resistant strains. The study confirmed the presence of U. urealyticum strains resistant to tetracycline in Romania. The employed technique can produce quick results both for U. urealyticum detection and determination of its resistance to tetracycline using a single easy-to-collect biological sample.
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Rodríguez-Granger J, Espadafor López B, Cobo F, Blasco Morente G, Sampedro Martinez A, Tercedor Sánchez J, Aliaga-Martinez L, Padilla-Malo de Molina A, Navarro-Marí J. Update on the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Rodríguez-Granger J, Espadafor López B, Cobo F, Blasco Morente G, Sampedro Martinez A, Tercedor Sánchez J, Aliaga-Martinez L, Padilla-Malo de Molina A, Navarro-Marí JM. Update on the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:711-724. [PMID: 32663448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the most frequent and universal Public Health problems. Health professionals should be aware of the possibility of STIs due to their high morbidity and the presence of sequelae. The delay in the diagnosis is one of the factors that justifies the difficulty to infections control. Diagnostic tests allow the introduction of aetiological treatment and also lead to treating symptomatic and asymptomatic patients more effectively, as well as to interrupt the epidemiological transmission chain without delay. In this review we have made an update of the main existing diagnostic methods for the more important STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez-Granger
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España.
| | - B Espadafor López
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - F Cobo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - G Blasco Morente
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - A Sampedro Martinez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - J Tercedor Sánchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - L Aliaga-Martinez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | | | - J M Navarro-Marí
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
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Moridi K, Hemmaty M, Azimian A, Fallah MH, Khaneghahi Abyaneh H, Ghazvini K. Epidemiology of genital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran; a systematic review and meta-analysis study (2000-2019). BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1020. [PMID: 32600306 PMCID: PMC7322857 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many species of mycoplasmas regard as normal flora, but some species causes serious genital disease. In Iran several epidemiological studies have documented the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital disorders. This meta-analysis is going to represent the prevalence of M. hominis, M. genitalium and U. urealyticum among Iranian couples and the correlation between mycoplasmas infection and infertility. METHODS We search online databases from January 2000 to June 2019. We used following MeSH keywords (Prevalence, M. hominis, M. genitalium, U. urealyticum, male, female, fertility, Infertility, genitourinary tract infection and Iran) with all possible combinations with "OR" and "AND". Finally, forty-four articles from 2670 were chosen for data extraction and analysis by software using STATA version 14.0. RESULTS This meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of U. urealyticum was 17.53% in Iran and the prevalence of M. genitalium and M. hominis were 11.33 and 9.68% respectively. The rate of M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infection in women with symptoms of genitourinary tract infection was higher than men with genitourinary tract infection (6.46% vs 5.4, 7.67% vs 5.88 and 21.04% vs 12.13%, respectively). As expected, the prevalence of M. genitalium, U. urealyticum and M. hominis among infertile women (12.73, 19.58 and 10.81%) were higher than fertile women (3%, 10. 85% and 4. 35%). Similarly, the prevalence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum among infertile men (14 and 21.18%) were higher than fertile men (4 and 3%). Based on this analysis, the rate of U. urealyticum was higher than M. genitalium and M. hominis among infertile men and women compared to the fertile group. The prevalence rate of M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum in central provinces is higher than other parts of Iran. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis reemphasizes a significant relationship between the infertility rate and U. urealyticum, M. genitalium and M. hominis infections. Our finding help to plan the prevalence map of M. hominis, M. genitalium and U. urealyticum in Iran but further studies are needed to suggest routine screening of the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Moridi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Buali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Vice Chancellory for Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hemmaty
- Branch Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
- Salim Immune Production Co.Technology Incbator of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ahmad abad str, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Azimian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Fallah
- Branch Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Khaneghahi Abyaneh
- Branch Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Buali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Klein C, Samwel K, Kahesa C, Mwaiselage J, West JT, Wood C, Angeletti PC. Mycoplasma Co-Infection Is Associated with Cervical Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1093. [PMID: 32353967 PMCID: PMC7281224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanzania faces one of the highest cervical cancer burdens in the world. Recent work has suggested that the bacterial family Mycoplasmataceae is associated with higher levels of human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Mycoplasmataceae infection in Tanzania is not well understood, especially when considering the differences between sexually transmitted species of Mycoplasmataceae. To establish the prevalence of common Mycoplasmataceae cervical infections and evaluate their relationship with risk factors for cervical cancer, 1160 Tanzanian women responded to an epidemiological questionnaire and were tested for HIV, HPV, cervical lesions, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp., and Lactobacillus iners. A subset of 134 women were used for 16s metagenomic sequencing of cervical DNA to establish the relative abundance of Mycoplasmataceae and Lactobacillus present. PCR detection of bacteria at the cervix found Ureaplasma spp. in 51.4% of women, M. hominis in 34%, M. genitalium in 2.3%, and L. iners in 75.6%. M. hominis and M. genitalium infection were significantly more prevalent among women with HPV and HIV. M. hominis prevalence was similar despite severity of cervical lesions; however, abundance of M. hominis increased significantly in women with cervical lesions. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the relationship between M. hominis and HPV-related cervical pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Klein
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Kandali Samwel
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam 3592, Tanzania
| | - Crispin Kahesa
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam 3592, Tanzania
| | | | - John T. West
- Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Peter C. Angeletti
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Khullar S, Rawre J, Khanna N, Sreenivas V, Dhawan B. Utility of polymerase chain reaction assays for confirmation of liquid culture test results for Ureaplasma spp. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:235-236. [PMID: 32883942 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Rawre
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Benu Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Rawre J, Dhawan B, Khanna N, Sreenivas V, Broor S, Chaudhry R. Distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis omp A genotypes in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease outpatient clinic in New Delhi, India. Indian J Med Res 2020; 149:662-670. [PMID: 31417035 PMCID: PMC6702700 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1171_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Limited data are available on the typing of Chlamydia trachomatis in India. Serovars D to K of C. trachomatis are chiefly responsible for urogenital infections. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the distribution of C. trachomatis serovars in patients with urogenital infections and to characterize ompA gene of the detected C. trachomatis isolates by sequence analysis. Presence of other co-infections was also evaluated. Methods: Endocervical swabs were collected from 324 women and urethral swabs/urine were collected from 193 men attending the sexually transmitted diseases outpatient clinic. The samples were screened for C. trachomatis by cryptic plasmid PCR and ompA gene PCR. Genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing of the ompA gene. Samples were screened for genital mycoplasmas, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Results: C. trachomatis was found in 15.0 per cent men and 10.8 per cent women. Serovar D was the most prevalent followed by serovars E, F, I and G. Twenty two C. trachomatis isolates were selected for ompA gene sequencing. No mixed infection was found. Variability in ompA sequences was seen in
31.8 per cent cases. Both PCR-RFLP and ompA gene sequencing showed concordant results. The presence of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis was observed in 18.7 and 9.5 per cent patients, respectively. Co-infection of C. trachomatis was significantly associated with Ureaplasma urealyticum and HIV. Interpretation & conclusions: The high occurence of C. trachomatis infections warrants its screening in addition to other sexually transmitted infections namely U. urealyticum and HIV. Genotyping of the ompA gene may provide additional information for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rawre
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Benu Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shobha Broor
- Department of Microbiology, SGT Medical College, Gurugram, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhao F, Feng X, Lv P, Xu X, Zhao Z. Real-time PCR assay may be used to verify suspicious test results of Ureaplasmas spp. from the liquid culture method. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 169:105831. [PMID: 31904441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma spp. are associated with female genital tract infections and are mainly tested by liquid culture in developing countries. To evaluate the accuracy of liquid culture, 686 vaginal swabs were collected and tested by using the Mycoplasma Culturing, Identification, Enumeration, and Susceptibility (IES) Kit. Then these culture broths were verified using real-time PCR. Among 368 Ureaplasma positive broths, 263 contained Ureaplasma parvum, 30 contained Ureaplasma urealyticum, 57 contained both, and 18 were negative by real-time PCR. In 318 Ureaplasmas negative broths, 78 were found to be Ureaplasma positive by real-time PCR. Using real-time PCR as the reference, the false positive rate of the liquid culture was 7.0%. It has been suggested that the liquid culture positive broth should be inoculated onto solid agar to eliminate false-positives. However, solid culture is rarely used due to low sensitivity and being time consuming. Real-time PCR may be performed to replace solid culture to verify suspicious liquid culture results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiaojing Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Panpan Lv
- Clinical Laboratory, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China.
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Investigating Chlamydia trachomatis and Genital Mycoplasma Prevalence and Apoptosis Markers in Infertile and Fertile Couples. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.84954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Ádám A, Pál Z, Terhes G, Szűcs M, Gabay ID, Urbán E. Culture- and PCR-based detection of BV associated microbiological profile of the removed IUDs and correlation with the time period of IUD in place and the presence of the symptoms of genital tract infection. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:40. [PMID: 30466466 PMCID: PMC6249738 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The long-term use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) may lead to biofilm formation on the surface. The aim of this study was to perform the culture- and PCR-based detection of bacteria/fungi from the biofilm of the removed IUDs with different time periods in place. Methods For a 2-year period, 100 IUD users were involved in the study. In the majority of the cases, IUDs were removed because of the patients’ complaints. Beside the aerobic and anaerobic culture, species-specific PCR was carried out to detect Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the “signalling” bacteria of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the biofilm removed by vortexing. Results Sixty-eight percent of IUDs were used for more than 5 years, 32% were removed after 10 years in place. In 28% of the IUDs ≥ 3 different anaerobic species typically found in BV with or without other aerobic bacteria were found by culture method. Streptococcus agalactiae (14%) and Actinomyces spp. (18%) were also isolated frequently. The PCR detection of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp. and Ureaplasma urealyticum were 62%, 32%, 23% and 16%, respectively. Seventy-six percent of the IUDs were PCR positive at least for one “signalling” bacterium of BV. C. trachomatis was detected by PCR only in one IUD together with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, while the presence of N. gonorrhoeae could not be confirmed from the biofilm of these removed devices. Conclusion Sexually transmitted infections (STI)-related bacteria—except for one patient—were not detected on the IUDs removed due to different reasons including clinical symptoms of infection. Presence of any BV “signaling” anaerobic bacteria were detected in a much higher number in the biofilm of the removed IUDs by PCR-based method compared to use culture method (76 versus 28 samples). Different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria colonized an equal number of IUDs, independent of the time-period in place, which may be relevant, if the IUD is removed due to planned pregnancy or due to a fear from upper genital tract infection caused by anaerobic bacteria including Actinomyces spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Ádám
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis St. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pál
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis St. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis St. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Márta Szűcs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis St. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Israel David Gabay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis St. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
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Sarier M, Sepin N, Duman I, Demir M, Hizel A, Göktaş Ş, Emek M, Kukul E, Soylu A. Microscopy of Gram-stained urethral smear in the diagnosis of urethritis: Which threshold value should be selected? Andrologia 2018; 50:e13143. [PMID: 30238498 DOI: 10.1111/and.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of GSS in the diagnosis of urethritis in patients who present to the outpatient clinic with symptoms of urethritis. Sixty-three male patients who presented to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of urethritis between January and March 2018 were evaluated. Urethral smear samples obtained from patients were evaluated both by GSS examination and by Real-time Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (rt-MPCR) assay. The sensitivity and specificity of GSS in detecting gonococcal urethritis (GU) and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) were calculated for threshold values of ≥5 and ≥2 PMNL/HPF. The mean age was 33.2 ± 7.1 years. According to the rt-MPCR results, 14 patients had GU and 27 patients had NGU. A threshold value of ≥5 PMNL/HPF in the GSS demonstrated 92.9% sensitivity in the diagnosis of GU and 55.6% sensitivity in the diagnosis of NGU. A threshold value of ≥2 PMNL/HPF reached 100% sensitivity for GU and 92.6% sensitivity for NGU. A cut-off value of ≥5 PMNL/HPF in the GSS has low sensitivity in the diagnosis of NGU. On the other hand, a threshold value of ≥2 PMNL/HPF seems to have higher sensitivity in the diagnosis of both GU and NGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sarier
- Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nevgun Sepin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Duman
- Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Meltem Demir
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aydan Hizel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Şafak Göktaş
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Gelisim Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mestan Emek
- Department of Public Health, Public Health Directorate, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kukul
- Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Soylu
- Department of Urology, Gözde Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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Prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum , Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in childbearing age women by a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR: An Italian observational multicentre study. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arif N, Sebastian S, Khanna N, Sood S, Dhawan B. Comparative analysis of syndromic case management and polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic assays for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas in patients of genitourinary discharge. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 35:286-289. [PMID: 28681823 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To respond to the situation of high prevalence and need for effective treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in low-resource settings, syndromic diagnostic approach was recommended by the World Health Organization and was adopted by National AIDS Control Organization at the primary health centre level. A retrospective study was undertaken in symptomatic patients attending an STI clinic to validate the syndromic approach for genitourinary discharge syndrome. For aetiological diagnosis, culture and/or polymerase chain reaction was used. An infective aetiology could be established in only 20% (106 of 530) patients. The present data call for an early appraisal and review of the diagnostic policy by national authorities on syndromic case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Arif
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sood
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Benu Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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25
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Suri NA, Sebastian S, Yadav D, Khanna N, Dhawan B. A case of oropharyngeal Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in a human immunodeficiency virus positive bisexual male co-infected with human papilloma virus and Treponema pallidum. JMM Case Rep 2018; 5:e005132. [PMID: 29623213 PMCID: PMC5884959 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Management strategies for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in their extragenital forms address Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis alone; whereas increased rates of isolation of other STI agents have been reported from various parts of the world. Their extragenital presence as a reservoir of infection emphasizes the need to screen and treat them at these sites. Case presentation A 35-year-old human immunodeficiency virus 1 infected bisexual male presented with urethral discharge and multiple ano-genital warts. He was reactive for the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test. He tested positive for Ureaplasma spp. both by culture and PCR at urethral and oropharyngeal sites, but was negative at the rectal site. The patient was successfully treated with doxycycline and penicillin, and was followed up with a test of cure at 6 weeks. Conclusion In view of the disseminating infections that can be caused by Ureaplasma spp., it makes it important to screen for these infections even at non-genital sites, especially in the immunocompromised. STIs may be asymptomatic and can serve as a reservoir of infection in a population. This report should promote all efforts to formulate guidelines for extragenital screening of all STI pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Arif Suri
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujeesh Sebastian
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Yadav
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Benu Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhou YH, Ma HX, Yang Y, Gu WM. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis isolated from semen samples of infertile men in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2016. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:729-734. [PMID: 29313203 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance rate of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis that were isolated from the semen samples of infertile males in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2016. A total of 5016 infertile males and 412 healthy male controls were examined. The cultivation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis were assessed by using a Mycoplasma IST kit that was performed in parallel to selective solid agar cultivation. The positive rate of genital Mycoplasma infections in infertile men from 2011 to 2016 was 30-55%, which initially decreased during the first four years and then increased in the last two. Two distinct high-risk age ranges of Mycoplasma infections were observed: 26-30 years (37.8%) and 31-35 years (30.7%). Semisynthetic tetracyclines and macrolide antibiotics were the most effective agents against Ureaplasma spp. Among the fluoroquinolones, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin were also effective. Antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma spp. against tetracyclines and macrolide antibiotics in the last six years did not vary significantly. However, the rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones (except norfloxacin) and spectinomycin decreased in the last two years. The rate of genital Mycoplasma presence in infertile patients between the ages of 26 and 35 years in Shanghai was high. The prevalence of genital Mycoplasma decreased during the first four years and then increased, with a peak in 2016. Doxycycline, minocycline, josamycin, and sparfloxacin can be recommended for first-line empirical treatment of Mycoplasma infections in infertile men in Shanghai, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Shanghai, China
| | - H-X Ma
- Department of Health Management Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - W-M Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Birger R, Saunders J, Estcourt C, Sutton AJ, Mercer CH, Roberts T, White PJ. Should we screen for the sexually-transmitted infection Mycoplasma genitalium? Evidence synthesis using a transmission-dynamic model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16162. [PMID: 29170443 PMCID: PMC5700964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern about Mycoplasma genitalium as a cause of urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are becoming available, and their use in screening for M. genitalium has been advocated, but M. genitalium's natural history is poorly-understood, making screening's effectiveness unclear. We used a transmission-dynamic compartmental model to synthesise evidence from surveillance data and epidemiological and behavioural studies to better understand M. genitalium's natural history, and then examined the effects of implementing NAAT testing. Introducing NAAT testing initially increases diagnoses, by finding a larger proportion of infections; subsequently the diagnosis rate falls, due to reduced incidence. Testing only symptomatic patients finds relatively little infection in women, as a large proportion is asymptomatic. Testing both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients has a much larger impact and reduces cumulative PID incidence in women due to M. genitalium by 31.1% (95% range:13.0%-52.0%) over 20 years. However, there is important uncertainty in M. genitalium's natural history parameters, leading to uncertainty in the absolute reduction in PID and sequelae. Empirical work is required to improve understanding of key aspects of M. genitalium's natural history before it will be possible to determine the effectiveness of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthie Birger
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis & Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Earth Institute & Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Saunders
- Centre for Immunology & Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, The Blizard Building, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Turner St, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Claudia Estcourt
- Centre for Immunology & Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, The Blizard Building, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Turner St, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew John Sutton
- Health Economics Unit, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Level 11, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-operative, Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, 3rd floor Mortimer Market Centre off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Tracy Roberts
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J White
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis & Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling Methodology, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Modelling & Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
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Should we screen for the sexually-transmitted infection Mycoplasma genitalium? Evidence synthesis using a transmission-dynamic model. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 29170443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-01716302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern about Mycoplasma genitalium as a cause of urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are becoming available, and their use in screening for M. genitalium has been advocated, but M. genitalium's natural history is poorly-understood, making screening's effectiveness unclear. We used a transmission-dynamic compartmental model to synthesise evidence from surveillance data and epidemiological and behavioural studies to better understand M. genitalium's natural history, and then examined the effects of implementing NAAT testing. Introducing NAAT testing initially increases diagnoses, by finding a larger proportion of infections; subsequently the diagnosis rate falls, due to reduced incidence. Testing only symptomatic patients finds relatively little infection in women, as a large proportion is asymptomatic. Testing both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients has a much larger impact and reduces cumulative PID incidence in women due to M. genitalium by 31.1% (95% range:13.0%-52.0%) over 20 years. However, there is important uncertainty in M. genitalium's natural history parameters, leading to uncertainty in the absolute reduction in PID and sequelae. Empirical work is required to improve understanding of key aspects of M. genitalium's natural history before it will be possible to determine the effectiveness of screening.
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Zhou YH, Ma HX, Shi XX, Liu Y. Ureaplasma spp. in male infertility and its relationship with semen quality and seminal plasma components. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 51:778-783. [PMID: 28739435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the prevalence of Ureaplasma spp. in semen samples of infertile men in Shanghai, China and evaluated the correlation between the sperm parameters (seminal volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility and non-progressive) and the secretary function in these infectious populations. METHODS Semens were collected from 540 infertile men and 260 fertile control group in shanghai, China and subjected to standard bacterial and Ureaplasma spp. culture. Positive Ureaplasma spp. isolates were further tested by PCR to detect the biovars and serotypes of Ureaplasma spp. Sperm seminological variabilities were analyzed by Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis according to the fifth edition of World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Seminal markers were measured by the automatic analyzer. RESULTS The prevalence of Ureaplasma spp. in semen specimens was 39.6% (214/540) and 19.2% (50/260) in infertile and control group, respectively. Significant difference was observed between the two groups (P < 0.001). Among all clinical isolates from infertile men (n = 214), 59.3% (n = 127) was Ureaplasma parvum (UPA), 26.2% (n = 56) was Ureaplasma urealyticum (UUR), and 14.5% (n = 31) was mixed species. While those numbers in control group (n = 50) were 64.0% (n = 32), 20.0% (n = 10), 16.0% (n = 8), respectively. There was no significant difference between any two groups (P > 0.05). The progressive motility and the NAG activity of infertile men infected with UPA and mixed species were significantly lower than those of UUR infected subgroup (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The infection of Ureaplasma spp. plays an important pathogenic role in male infertility. UPA has higher pathogenicity on the progressive motility and the secretary function of epididymis than UUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Heng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xia Ma
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xing Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Molecular Diagnostics Update for the Emerging (If Not Already Widespread) Sexually Transmitted Infection Agent Mycoplasma genitalium: Just About Ready for Prime Time. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2894-2902. [PMID: 28724558 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00818-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is an important and emerging agent of sexually transmitted infection in females and males, carrying the potential for postinfection genital tract sequelae. Past efforts to identify this organism on a routine basis, which were problematic due to the fastidious nature of the bacterium and its antigenic intricacies, have recently become supplemented by molecular diagnostics. A number of these assays are available commercially. This minireview describes the format and performance indices of a number of M. genitalium DNA- and RNA-based amplification assays; many of these assays have contributed to an improved clinical and epidemiologic understanding of this organism.
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Rawre J, Dhawan B, Malhotra N, Sreenivas V, Broor S, Chaudhry R. Prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis genovars in Indian infertile patients: a pilot study. APMIS 2017; 124:1109-1115. [PMID: 27859690 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To determine the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis genovars in patients with infertility by PCR-RFLP and ompA gene sequencing. Prevalence of other etiological agents (viz., Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis) were also assessed. Endocervical swabs were collected from 477 women and urine was collected from 151 men attending the Infertility Clinic. The samples were screened for C. trachomatis by cryptic plasmid, ompA gene and nested ompA gene PCR. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Samples were screened for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis. The prevalence of C. trachomatis in infertile women and their male partners were 15.7% (75 of 477) and 10.0% (15 of 151) respectively. Secondary infertility was significantly associated with chlamydial infection. Genovar E was the most prevalent followed by genovar D and F. Twenty-four C. trachomatis strains were selected for ompA gene sequencing. No mixed infection was picked. Variability in ompA sequences was seen in 50.0%. Both PCR-RFLP and ompA gene sequencing showed concordant results. High prevalence of C. trachomatis in infertile couples warrants routine screening for C. trachomatis infection in all infertile couples. Genotyping of the ompA gene of C. trachomatis may be a valuable tool in understanding the natural history of C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rawre
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Benu Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shobha Broor
- Department of Microbiology, SGT Medical College, Gurgaon, India
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Lee MY, Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY, Jeon YL. Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Pregnant Women. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1271-5. [PMID: 27401661 PMCID: PMC4960396 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and complicate pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, effects on pregnancy outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of M. hominis and U. urealyticum. We tested vaginal swabs obtained from 1035 pregnant women for the presence of genital mycoplasmas between June 2009 and May 2014. The laboratory and clinical aspects of genital mycoplasmas infection were reviewed retrospectively, and the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasmas were determined using the Mycoplasma IST-2 kit. A total of 571 instances of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum were detected. Of them, M. hominis was detected in two specimens, whereas U. urealyticum was detected in 472 specimens. The remaining 97 specimens were positive for both M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Preterm deliveries were frequently observed in cases of mixed infection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum, and instances of preterm premature rupture of membrane were often found in cases of U. urealyticum. The rates of non-susceptible isolates to erythromycin, empirical agents for pregnant women, showed increasing trends. In conclusion, the prevalence of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum infections in pregnant women is high, and the resistance rate of antimicrobial agents tends to increase. Therefore, to maintain a safe pregnancy, it is important to identify the isolates and use appropriate empirical antibiotics immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Woo In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - You La Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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AHMADI MH, MIRSALEHIAN A, BAHADOR A. Prevalence of Urogenital Mycoplasmas in Iran and Their Effects on Fertility Potential: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:409-22. [PMID: 27252910 PMCID: PMC4888168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urogenital mycoplasmas are potentially pathogenic species causing genitourinary tract infections that may be initially asymptomatic but can progress and lead to severe complications and threaten reproductive health. However, the overall prevalence rate of this bacterium and its probable impacts on fertility potential have yet to be determined. METHODS We searched both English and Persian electronic databases using key words such as "Mycoplasma," "Ureaplasma," "M. hominis," "M. genitalium," "U. urealyticum," "U. parvum," "prevalence," and "Iran". Finally, after some exclusion, 29 studies from different regions of Iran were included in our study, and a meta-analysis was performed on collected data. RESULTS Urogenital mycoplasmas prevalence for women and men was high and ranged from 2%-40.5% and 2%-44.3%, respectively. The pooled prevalence in the male population was 11.1% (95% CI, 7.4%-16.4%) and in female was 12.8% (95% CI, 9.8%-16.5%). The prevalence of these bacteria was significantly higher in infertile men compared with that in fertile men. A high level of heterogeneity was observed for both men (I(2) = 92.4%; P<0.001) and women (I(2) = 93.3%; P<0.001). Some evidence for publication bias was observed in both men [Egger's test (two-tailed P=0.0007), and Begg's test (two-tailed P=0.0151)] and women [Egger's test (two-tailed P=0.0006), and Begg's test (two-tailed P=0.0086)] analysis. CONCLUSION Since urogenital mycoplasmas may play a role in male infertility, screening strategies, particularly for asymptomatic individuals, and treatment of infected ones, which can reduce consequent complications, looks to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein AHMADI
- Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar MIRSALEHIAN
- Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas BAHADOR
- Dept. of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Talebi Farahani M, Hoseini F, Minai-Tehrani A, Ghafari Novin M. The Effect of Infection With Genital Mycoplasma hominis and the Presence of Antisperm Antibodies in Iranian Women With Unexplained Infertility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH AND REPRODUCTION SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15296/ijwhr.2016.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chang J, Yu JK, Song C, Park IY, Park YJ. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Genital Mycoplasmataceaein Korean Women: Correlation between Phenotypic Test and Resistance Genes. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2016.19.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Yang Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Joon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Irajian G, Sharifi M, Mirkalantari S, Mirnejad R, Jalali Nadoushan MR, Ghorbanpour N. Molecular Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum from Prostate Tissues using PCR-RFLP, Tehran, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 11:138-143. [PMID: 27499775 PMCID: PMC4939644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most cases, prostatitis can be caused by a bacterial agent such as Ureaplasma urealyticum. Considering to the cumbersome of the culture method for the detection of Ureaplasma species in clinical samples such as prostate; PCR method that is faster and more appropriate than the cultivation methods, can be utilized for the detection of U. urealyticum and U. parvum. PCR-RFLP method can differentiate both biovars and assist in studies of the clinical diagnosis, epidemiology and pathology of this species in human. The aim of this study was to molecular detection of U. urealyticumin in prostate tissue samples based on PCR- RFLP. METHODS Two hundred prostate tissue samples were collected from patient suffering from prostatitis. The PCR assay was used to amplify a 559 bp fragment of 16S-23SRNA interspace region of Ureaplasma. After sequencing, PCR products from positive samples were digested with TaqI restriction enzyme. RESULTS Seven cases (3.5%) out of 200 prostate tissue samples were positive for U. urealyticum. Results of PCR products sequencing demonstrated that all isolates were U. parvum biovar. PCR-RFLP results shown that there was not any differentiation in pattern of enzymatic digestion, in addition, all isolates were U. parvum, serovar 3. DISCUSSION U. urealyticum can be one of the causing agents of prostatitis. Using PCR-RFLP with specific primer and restriction enzyme is a rapid and cost-effect method for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Irajian
- Dept. of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehri Sharifi
- Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Dept. of Microbiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Nafiseh Ghorbanpour
- Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
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Redelinghuys MJ, Ehlers MM, Dreyer AW, Lombaard H, Olorunju SAS, Kock MM. A cross-sectional study on the relationship of age, gestational age and HIV infection to bacterial vaginosis and genital mycoplasma infection. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008530. [PMID: 26482771 PMCID: PMC4611850 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are especially at risk of developing complications when infected with reproductive tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and genital mycoplasmas in pregnant women and investigate the associations between BV, genital mycoplasmas, HIV infection, age and gestational age. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical components. SETTING Antenatal clinic of a tertiary academic hospital in South Africa. PARTICIPANTS 220 pregnant women older than 18 were included in the study and provided self-collected vaginal swabs. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES BV and genital mycoplasma colonisation and/or infection in women of differing age, gestational period and HIV status. RESULTS The prevalence of BV was 17.7% (39/220) (95% CI 12.9 to 23.4), intermediate vaginal flora (IVF) 15% (33/220) (95% CI 10.56 to 20.42), and the overall prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was 84% (185/220) (95% CI 78.47 to 88.58). BV was significantly associated with HIV infection with an OR of 2.84 (95% CI 1.08 to 7.46 and p value=0.034). However, BV was inversely associated with gestational age with an OR of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.42 and p value=0.003) for second trimester pregnancies and an OR of 0.03 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.17 and p value<0.001) for third trimester pregnancies using the first trimester as reference. IVF was significantly associated with HIV infection with an OR of 2.7 (95% CI 1.07 to 6.79 and p value=0.035) but not with age or gestational age. Genital mycoplasmas were not significantly associated with age, gestational age, HIV status, BV flora or IVF. CONCLUSIONS The high infection rate of genital mycoplasmas and the association of BV with HIV found in this study reiterate the importance of screening for these RTIs in high-risk groups such as pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andries W Dreyer
- Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hennie Lombaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Steve A S Olorunju
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
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Suzuki R, Takeuchi K, Gunji T, Murayama Y, Ando A, Hasegawa J, Saitoh A. Mycoplasma hominis as a cause of septic hip arthritis in a neonate. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, 2041 Kawasaki-cho, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, 2041 Kawasaki-cho, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Tetsuki Gunji
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, 2041 Kawasaki-cho, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Yumiko Murayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, 2041 Kawasaki-cho, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Akiko Ando
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, 2041 Kawasaki-cho, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Junichi Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, 2041 Kawasaki-cho, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Bakhshi A, Safari M, Erami M, Kheirkhah B, Pourbakhsh A, Pourbabei H. Sequences of Mycoplasma hominis in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in a Hospital in Kashan, Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2015.260.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Parvege MM, Rahman M, Hossain MS. Genome-wide Analysis of Mycoplasma hominis for the Identification of Putative Therapeutic Targets. Drug Target Insights 2014; 8:51-62. [PMID: 25574133 PMCID: PMC4263438 DOI: 10.4137/dti.s19728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever increasing propensity of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria raises the demand for the development of novel therapeutic agents to control this grave problem. Advances in the field of bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics have greatly facilitated the discovery of alternative drugs by swift identification of new drug targets. In the present study, we employed comparative genomics and metabolic pathway analysis with an aim of identifying therapeutic targets in Mycoplasma hominis. Our study has revealed 40 annotated metabolic pathways, including five unique pathways of M. hominis. Our study also identified 179 essential proteins, including 59 proteins having no similarity with human proteins. Further filtering by molecular weight, subcellular localization, functional analysis, and protein network interaction, we identified 57 putative candidates for which new drugs can be developed. Druggability analysis for each of the identified targets has prioritized 16 proteins as suitable for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Parvege
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monzilur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Payne MS, Feng Z, Li S, Doherty DA, Xu B, Li J, Liu L, Keelan JA, Zhou YH, Dickinson JE, Hu Y, Newnham JP. Second trimester amniotic fluid cytokine concentrations, Ureaplasma sp. colonisation status and sexual activity as predictors of preterm birth in Chinese and Australian women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:340. [PMID: 25273669 PMCID: PMC4261245 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested if second trimester amniotic fluid cytokine levels, Ureaplasma sp. colonisation and sexual activity predict preterm birth and explain the differential preterm birth rates in Chinese compared to Australian women. METHODS Amniotic fluid was collected by amniocentesis (Chinese 480, Australian 492). Cytokines were measured by multiplex assay and Ureaplasma sp. DNA was detected by PCR analysis. Lifestyle factors, including history of smoking and sexual activity during pregnancy, were obtained through completion of questionnaires upon recruitment to the study. RESULTS Inflammatory cytokine concentrations were poorly predictive of preterm birth. Ureaplasma sp. was detected in two of the Chinese pregnancies and none from Australia. Sexual activity was less frequent in Chinese, and was not associated with preterm birth or amniotic fluid findings in either population. DISCUSSION Second trimester amniocentesis for measurement of inflammatory markers and Ureaplasma sp. DNA was not indicative of risk of preterm birth, at least in these populations. The lower rate of preterm birth in China was not explained by differences in amniotic fluid inflammatory markers, Ureaplasma sp. colonisation, or sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, 374 Bagot Road, Subiaco 6008, Western Australia, Australia.
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Mohseni Moghadam N, Kheirkhah B, Mirshekari TR, Fasihi Harandi M, Tafsiri E. Isolation and molecular identification of mycoplasma genitalium from the secretion of genital tract in infertile male and female. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2014; 12:601-8. [PMID: 25469132 PMCID: PMC4248144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasmas can cause acute and chronic diseases at multiple sites with wide-range complications and have been implicated as cofactors in diseases. The infections influenced form genital mycoplasmas specifically Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium potentially affect reproductive disorders, and infertility. OBJECTIVE Isolation and molecular identification of Mycoplasma genitalium from the genital tract of infertile male and vaginal discharge of infertile female referred to Infertility Center of Kerman in 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a randomized, prospective study. We included 100 infertile male and 100 infertile female that were referred to the Infertility Center of Kerman. Then for isolation and molecular identification of Mycoplasma genitalium from urethral and vaginal discharge polymerase chain reaction was performed on Mycoplasma genus and genitalium. RESULTS From a total of 100 semen samples 45 patients (45%) were mycoplasma-positive and 13 (28.8%) were genitalium species positive. Also, from a total of 100 women samples 43 women (43%) were mycoplasma-positive and 10 (23.2%) were genitalium species positive. Positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic tree was drawn. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, a high percentage of infertile male and female were infected with the Mycoplasma genitalium. For prevention of harmful and significant consequences of this infection, we suggest a screening program in symptomatic infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Kheirkhah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | | | - Elham Tafsiri
- Department of Molecular Medical Genetic, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran.
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Khatib N, Bradbury C, Chalker V, Koh GCKW, Smit E, Wilson S, Watson J. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men with urethritis attending an urban sexual health clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 26:388-92. [PMID: 24925897 DOI: 10.1177/0956462414539464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) in men with urethritis, attending an urban sexual health clinic, in order to inform screening and treatment policies. Men attending an urban sexual health clinic between June 2011 and January 2012 were evaluated. Urine samples were collected from men with urethritis and tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and TV using transcription-mediated amplification and for MG and UU using polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-three samples were analysed. The prevalence of CT was 33.7% (28/83), GC was 16.8% (14/83), TV was 3.6% (3/83), MG was 12.0% (10/83) and UU was 4.8% (4/83). Fifteen men had recurrent urethritis. Of these, three were found to have had TV, five to have had MG and none to have had UU, at initial presentation. Given the prevalence of MG in this study, there is an urgent need for further larger studies looking at optimal treatment regimens and screening strategies in urethritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khatib
- Heart of England Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Bradbury
- Heart of England Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - G C K W Koh
- Heart of England Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Smit
- Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, Public Health England, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Wilson
- Public Health Laboratory Birmingham, Public Health England, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Watson
- Heart of England Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Redelinghuys MJ, Ehlers MM, Dreyer AW, Lombaard HA, Kock MM. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis in pregnant women. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:171. [PMID: 24679107 PMCID: PMC3976045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital mycoplasmas colonise up to 80% of sexually mature women and may invade the amniotic cavity during pregnancy and cause complications. Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in pregnancy and erythromycin is often used to treat patients. However, increasing resistance to common antimicrobial agents is widely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of genital mycoplasmas in pregnant women. METHODS Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained from 96 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Gauteng, South Africa. Specimens were screened with the Mycofast Revolution assay for the presence of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis. The antimicrobial susceptibility to levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were determined at various breakpoints. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was used to speciate Ureaplasma positive specimens as either U. parvum or U. urealyticum. RESULTS Seventy-six percent (73/96) of specimens contained Ureaplasma spp., while 39.7% (29/73) of Ureaplasma positive specimens were also positive for M. hominis. Susceptibilities of Ureaplasma spp. to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were 59% (26/44) and 98% (43/44) respectively. Mixed isolates (Ureaplasma species and M. hominis) were highly resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline (both 97% resistance). Resistance of Ureaplasma spp. to erythromycin was 80% (35/44) and tetracycline resistance was detected in 73% (32/44) of Ureaplasma spp. Speciation indicated that U. parvum was the predominant Ureaplasma spp. conferring antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSIONS Treatment options for genital mycoplasma infections are becoming limited. More elaborative studies are needed to elucidate the diverse antimicrobial susceptibility patterns found in this study when compared to similar studies. To prevent complications in pregnant women, the foetus and the neonate, routine screening for the presence of genital mycoplasmas is recommended. In addition, it is recommended that antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andries W Dreyer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hennie A Lombaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
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Nakashima K, Shigehara K, Kawaguchi S, Wakatsuki A, Kobori Y, Nakashima K, Ishii Y, Shimamura M, Sasagawa T, Kitagawa Y, Mizokami A, Namiki M. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the oropharynx and urine among sexually active men: a comparative study of infection by papillomavirus and other organisms, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:43. [PMID: 24468054 PMCID: PMC3907364 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has shown a gradual increase in male predominance due to the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated OSCC. However, the mode of HPV transmission to the oral cavity is poorly understood, and little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection in men. The prevalence rates of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. were compared in the oropharynx (oral cavity) and urine of male Japanese patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Methods The study population consisted of 213 men aged 16 – 70 years old (mean: 34.4 years old). Oropharyngeal gargles and urine were collected, and sedimented cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. After DNA extraction, β-globin and infectious organisms were analyzed by a PCR-based method. The HPV genotype was determined by HPV GenoArray test. Results β-Globin was positive in 100% and 97.7% of oral and urine samples, respectively. HPV detection rates were 18.8% and 22.1% in oral and urine samples, respectively, suggesting that the prevalence of HPV infection in the oral cavity was similar to that in the urinary tract. N. gonorrhoeae was more prevalent in oral (15.6%) than urine samples (9.1%), whereas C. trachomatis was detected more frequently in urine (15.9%) than oral samples (4.2%). The detection rates of M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. were 5.2%, 10.3%, and 16.0% in oral samples, and 7.7%, 6.3%, and 19.2% in urine, respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. between anatomical locations. The distribution of HPV types were similar in oral and urine samples, and HPV16 was the most common type. The majority of men with HPV infection in both the oral cavity and urine had concordant oral and urinary HPV infection. The presence of urinary HPV infection was an independent risk factor of oral HPV infection, with an odds ratio of 3.39 (95% CI: 1.49 – 7.71), whereas oral gonococcal infection was inversely correlated with oral HPV infection (odds ratio: 0.096; 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.77). Conclusions Oral HPV infection commonly occurs in sexually active men, and is significantly correlated with urinary HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Redelinghuys MJ, Ehlers MM, Dreyer AW, Lombaard HA, Kock MM. Comparison of the new Mycofast Revolution assay with a molecular assay for the detection of genital mycoplasmas from clinical specimens. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:453. [PMID: 24079603 PMCID: PMC3849776 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital mycoplasmas are opportunistic bacteria that are associated with undesirable gynaecologic and reproductive events. Mycoplasmas are fastidious bacteria with increasing resistance to routine antimicrobials and often fail to grow on conventional culture methods. The commercial Mycofast Revolution assay permits the phenotypic detection and identification of genital mycoplasmas. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against five antimicrobial agents with MICs corresponding to the CLSI guidelines can also be performed. This study aimed to compare the new commercially available Mycofast Revolution assay with a multiplex PCR assay. METHODS Self-collected swabs were obtained from pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary academic hospital in Pretoria, South Africa from October 2012 to November 2012. These swabs were used to seed UMMt and modified Amies transport media. The seeded UMMt transported medium was used to inoculate the Mycofast Revolution assay for the identification, enumeration and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of genital mycoplasmas. Following DNA extraction from the modified Amies transport medium, specimens were subjected to a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of genital mycoplasmas. RESULTS The Mycofast Revolution kit had a sensitivity and specificity of 77.3% (95% CI: 62.15% to 88.51%) and 80% (95% CI: 28.81% to 96.70%), respectively, against the PCR assay. The positive and negative predictive values were 97.1% (95% CI: 85.03% to 99.52%) and 28.6% (95% CI: 8.57% to 58.08%). Genital mycoplasmas were detected in 71.4% (35/49) of samples with the Mycofast Revolution assay with 49% (24/49) being Ureaplasma spp. and 22.4% (11/49) mixed strains. The multiplex PCR assay had a positivity rate of 89.8% (44/49) for genital mycoplasmas; mixed strains were present in 51% (25/49) of samples, Ureaplasma spp. in 16.3% (8/49) and M. hominis in 22.4% (11/49) of samples. CONCLUSIONS There was a fair agreement (κ = 0.319) between the Mycofast Revolution assay and the mPCR assay. With the high prevalence rates of genital mycoplasmas, fast and efficient diagnostic methods are imperative to treat infections and minimise complications. The Mycofast Revolution assay is simple to use, has a short turn-around time and interpretation of results are straightforward. This assay circumvents common problems experienced with conventional culture and molecular methods in diagnostic laboratories where skilled personnel are limited and can be used as an alternative diagnostic assay.
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of infectious and inflammatory conditions associated with male infertility. These conditions may affect several components of the male reproductive tract and therefore have the ability to potentially alter sperm function. The effect of these conditions on male fertility is poorly understood and often underestimated.
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Frequency of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Females With Urogenital Infections and Habitual Abortion History in Ahvaz, Iran; Using Multiplex PCR. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Comparison of three real-time PCR for the quantification of polyomavirus BK. J Clin Virol 2013; 56:354-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rapid PCR Detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2013; 2013:168742. [PMID: 26904723 PMCID: PMC4745450 DOI: 10.1155/2013/168742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for M. hominis and Ureaplasma culture. Methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for M. hominis and Ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. Nucleic acids were extracted using the Total Nucleic Acid Kit on the MagNA Pure 2.0. 5 μL of the extracts were combined with 15 μL of each of the two master mixes. Assays were performed on the LightCycler 480 II system. Culture was performed using routine methods. Results.
M. hominis PCR detected 38/42 M. hominis culture-positive specimens, as well as 2 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 99.2%). Ureaplasma PCR detected 139/144 Ureaplasma culture-positive specimens, as well as 9 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 96.5%; specificity, 93.6%). Of the specimens that tested positive for Ureaplasma species, U. urealyticum alone was detected in 33, U. parvum alone in 109, and both in 6. Conclusion. The described PCR assays are rapid alternatives to culture for detection of M. hominis and Ureaplasma species, and, unlike culture, the Ureaplasma assay easily distinguishes U. urealyticum from parvum.
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