1
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Taefehshokr N, Lac A, Vrieze AM, Dickson BH, Guo PN, Jung C, Blythe EN, Fink C, Aktar A, Dikeakos JD, Dekaban GA, Heit B. SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 antagonizes MHC II expression by subverting histone deacetylase 2. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262172. [PMID: 38682259 PMCID: PMC11166459 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 interferes with antigen presentation by downregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II on antigen-presenting cells, but the mechanism mediating this process is unelucidated. Herein, analysis of protein and gene expression in human antigen-presenting cells reveals that MHC II is downregulated by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, NSP5. This suppression of MHC II expression occurs via decreased expression of the MHC II regulatory protein CIITA. CIITA downregulation is independent of the proteolytic activity of NSP5, and rather, NSP5 delivers HDAC2 to the transcription factor IRF3 at an IRF-binding site within the CIITA promoter. Here, HDAC2 deacetylates and inactivates the CIITA promoter. This loss of CIITA expression prevents further expression of MHC II, with this suppression alleviated by ectopic expression of CIITA or knockdown of HDAC2. These results identify a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 limits MHC II expression, thereby delaying or weakening the subsequent adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Alex Lac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Angela M. Vrieze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Brandon H. Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Peter N. Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Catherine Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Eoin N. Blythe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Corby Fink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Amena Aktar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Gregory A. Dekaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 5C1
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A 3K7
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2
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Ayukawa S, Kamoshita N, Maruyama T. Epithelial recognition and elimination against aberrant cells. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:521-532. [PMID: 38411739 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cells, which are non-immune cells, not only function as a physical defence barrier but also continuously monitor and eliminate aberrant epithelial cells in their vicinity. In other words, it has become evident that epithelial cells possess immune cell-like functions. In fact, recent research has revealed that epithelial cells recognise the Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC-I) of aberrant cells as a mechanism for surveillance. This cellular defence mechanism of epithelial cells probably detects aberrant cells more promptly than the conventional immune response, making it a novel and primary biological defence. Furthermore, there is the potential for this new immune-like biological defence mechanism to establish innovative treatment for disease prevention, leading to increasing anticipation for its future medical applications. In this review, we aim to summarise the recognition and attack mechanisms of aberrant cells by epithelial cells in mammals, with a particular focus on the field of cancer. Additionally, we discuss the potential therapeutic applications of epithelial cell-based defence against cancer, including novel prophylactic treatment methods based on molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ayukawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Kamoshita
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan.
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Agac A, Kolbe SM, Ludlow M, Osterhaus ADME, Meineke R, Rimmelzwaan GF. Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1999. [PMID: 37896776 PMCID: PMC10611157 DOI: 10.3390/v15101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed among other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses, can only be observed for RSV to a limited extent, reinfections may result from short-term or incomplete immunity. After decades of research, two RSV vaccines were approved to prevent lower respiratory tract infections in older adults. Recently, the FDA approved a vaccine for active vaccination of pregnant women to prevent severe RSV disease in infants during their first RSV season. This review focuses on the host response to RSV infections mediated by epithelial cells as the first physical barrier, followed by responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We address possible RSV-mediated immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms during infections and discuss the current vaccine candidates and alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.); (S.M.K.); (M.L.); (A.D.M.E.O.); (R.M.)
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4
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Singh S, Maheshwari A, Namazova I, Benjamin JT, Wang Y. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Neonates: A Persisting Problem. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:222-234. [PMID: 38348152 PMCID: PMC10860331 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young infants. It is an enveloped, single-stranded, nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, a member of the family Pneumoviridae. Globally, RSV is responsible for 2.3% of deaths among neonates 0-27 days of age. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is most common in children aged below 24 months. Neonates present with cough and fever. Respiratory syncytial virus-associated wheezing is seen in 20% infants during the first year of life of which 2-3% require hospitalization. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gives fast results and has higher sensitivity compared with culture and rapid antigen tests and are not affected by passively administered antibody to RSV. Therapy for RSV infection of the LRT is mainly supportive, and preventive measures like good hygiene and isolation are the mainstay of management. Standard precautions, hand hygiene, breastfeeding and contact isolation should be followed for RSV-infected newborns. Recent AAP guidelines do not recommend pavilizumab prophylaxis for preterm infants born at 29-35 weeks without chronic lung disease, hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease and coexisting conditions. RSV can lead to long-term sequelae such as wheezing and asthma, associated with increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Singh
- Neonatologist, Kailash Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Global Newborn Society (https://www.globalnewbornsociety.org/)
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society (https://www.globalnewbornsociety.org/)
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ilhama Namazova
- Global Newborn Society (https://www.globalnewbornsociety.org/)
- Department of Pediatrics, Azerbaijan Tibb Universiteti, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - John T Benjamin
- Global Newborn Society (https://www.globalnewbornsociety.org/)
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
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5
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Hao J, Li J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Wu T, Chen T, Wu Z, Zhang P, Cui J, Li YP. NLRC5 restricts dengue virus infection by promoting the autophagic degradation of viral NS3 through E3 ligase CUL2 (cullin 2). Autophagy 2023; 19:1332-1347. [PMID: 36126167 PMCID: PMC10012957 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRC5 has been reported to be involved in antiviral immunity; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the functional role of NLRC5 in the infection of a flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV). We found that the expression of NLRC5 was strongly induced by virus infection and IFNB or IFNG stimulation in different cell lines. Overexpression of NLRC5 remarkably suppressed DENV infection, whereas knockout of NLRC5 led to a significant increase in DENV infection. Mechanistic study revealed that NLRC5 interacted with the viral nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) protease domain and mediated degradation of NS3 through a ubiquitin-dependent selective macroautophagy/autophagy pathway. We demonstrated that NLRC5 recruited the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL2 (cullin 2) to catalyze K48-linked poly-ubiquitination of the NS3 protease domain, which subsequently served as a recognition signal for cargo receptor TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Together, we have demonstrated that NLRC5 exerted an antiviral effect by mediating the degradation of a multifunctional protein of DENV, providing a novel antiviral signal axis of NLRC5-CUL2-NS3-TOLLIP. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory network of NLRC5 in the host defense against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hao
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqian Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongling Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Strickland BA, Rajagopala SV, Kamali A, Shilts MH, Pakala SB, Boukhvalova MS, Yooseph S, Blanco JCG, Das SR. Species-specific transcriptomic changes upon respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16579. [PMID: 36195733 PMCID: PMC9531660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cotton rat (Sigmodon) is the gold standard pre-clinical small animal model for respiratory viral pathogens, especially for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). However, without a reference genome or a published transcriptome, studies requiring gene expression analysis in cotton rats are severely limited. The aims of this study were to generate a comprehensive transcriptome from multiple tissues of two species of cotton rats that are commonly used as animal models (Sigmodon fulviventer and Sigmodon hispidus), and to compare and contrast gene expression changes and immune responses to RSV infection between the two species. Transcriptomes were assembled from lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and intestines for each species with a contig N50 > 1600. Annotation of contigs generated nearly 120,000 gene annotations for each species. The transcriptomes of S. fulviventer and S. hispidus were then used to assess immune response to RSV infection. We identified 238 unique genes that are significantly differentially expressed, including several genes implicated in RSV infection (e.g., Mx2, I27L2, LY6E, Viperin, Keratin 6A, ISG15, CXCL10, CXCL11, IRF9) as well as novel genes that have not previously described in RSV research (LG3BP, SYWC, ABEC1, IIGP1, CREB1). This study presents two comprehensive transcriptome references as resources for future gene expression analysis studies in the cotton rat model, as well as provides gene sequences for mechanistic characterization of molecular pathways. Overall, our results provide generalizable insights into the effect of host genetics on host-virus interactions, as well as identify new host therapeutic targets for RSV treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton A Strickland
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seesandra V Rajagopala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 21st Avenue South, S2108 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Arash Kamali
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Meghan H Shilts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 21st Avenue South, S2108 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Suman B Pakala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 21st Avenue South, S2108 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Marina S Boukhvalova
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Department of Computer Science, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jorge C G Blanco
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Suman R Das
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 21st Avenue South, S2108 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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7
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Godkowicz M, Druszczyńska M. NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC5 Receptors in Antiviral and Antimycobacterial Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091487. [PMID: 36146565 PMCID: PMC9503463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular motifs through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that induce inflammasome assembly in macrophages and trigger signal transduction pathways, thereby leading to the transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) represent a family of cytosolic PRRs involved in the detection of intracellular pathogens such as mycobacteria or viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of NOD1, NOD2, and NLRC5 receptors in regulating antiviral and antimycobacterial immune responses by providing insight into molecular mechanisms as well as their potential health and disease implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Godkowicz
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Druszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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8
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Hu Y, Shen Y, Wu X, Ba R, Xu H, Lu K, Shao Y, Sun C, Zhang Y, Miao F, Shen Y, Zhang J. Expression pattern of NLRC5 in the postnatal mouse brain. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151939. [PMID: 35952483 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), belonging to a large family of pattern recognition receptors, participate in the host's first line of defense against invading pathogens. Caspase recruitment domain containing 5 (NLRC5), the largest member in the NLR family, is demonstrated to be involved in the innate immune response and inflammatory diseases far and wide. Recent studies report that NLRC5 is associated with some central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides, NLRC5 is a mastery regulator for the expression of MHC class I both in the immune system and the CNS, while MHC class I is expressed and exerts its function in the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the expression pattern of NLRC5 in the developing and adult CNS. In our study, postnatal brain sections of C57BL/6 J mice are analyzed for the expression of NLRC5 protein by immunofluorescence. In the postnatal stages of developing telencephalon, NLRC5 exhibits a spatial and temporal expression pattern. NLRC5 is time-specifically expressed in subfields of hippocampus and different layers of prefrontal cortex. Moreover, it is shown that NLRC5 is highly cell type specific. It can be expressed in large quantities by neurons and microglia, but rarely expressed by astrocytes. Taken together, our research is important for further understanding the biological characteristics of NLRC5 and its function in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Zhang D, Yang J, Zhao Y, Shan J, Wang L, Yang G, He S, Li E. RSV Infection in Neonatal Mice Induces Pulmonary Eosinophilia Responsible for Asthmatic Reaction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817113. [PMID: 35185908 PMCID: PMC8847141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Severe respiratory viral infection in early life is intimately associated with childhood recurrent wheezing and is a risk factor for asthma later in life. Although eosinophilic airway inflammation is an important trait in asthma of children, the roles of pulmonary eosinophils in the disease have been inadequately understood. Here, we show that RSV infection in neonatal mice causes eosinophilia after allergen stimulation. We showed that RSV infection in neonatal mice exacerbated allergic asthma to allergen stimulation that was accompanied with increased detection of eosinophils in the lungs. In addition, we also detected accumulation of ILC2, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages. Importantly, adoptive transfer of eosinophils from asthmatic mice with early-life RSV infection exacerbated pulmonary pathologies associated with allergic respiratory inflammation in naive mice in response to foreign antigen. The induction of asthmatic symptoms including AHR, tracheal wall thickening, and mucus production became more severe after further stimulation in those mice. The expression of antigen presentation-related molecules like CD80, CD86, and especially MHC II was markedly induced in eosinophils from OVA-stimulated asthmatic mice. The accumulation of CD4+ T cells in the lungs was also significantly increased as a result of adoptive transfer of eosinophils. Importantly, the deterioration of lung pathology caused by adoptive transfer could be effectively attenuated by treatment with indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Our findings highlight the significance of eosinophil-mediated proinflammatory response in allergic disease associated with early-life infection of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Medical Virology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Centre of Pediatric Diseases, College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Susu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Erguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Medical Virology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Coronavirus Porcine Deltacoronavirus Upregulates MHC Class I Expression through RIG-I/IRF1-Mediated NLRC5 Induction. J Virol 2022; 96:e0015822. [PMID: 35311551 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00158-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II molecules, mainly being responsible for the processing and presentation of intracellular or extracellular antigen, respectively, are critical for antiviral immunity. Here, we reported that porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) with the zoonotic potential and potential spillover from pigs to humans, upregulated the expressions of porcine MHC-I (swine leukocyte antigen class I, SLA-I) molecules and SLA-I antigen presentation associated genes instead of porcine MHC-II (SLA-II) molecules both in primary porcine enteroids and swine testicular (ST) cells at the late stage of infection, and this finding was verified in vivo. Moreover, the induction of SLA-I molecules by PDCoV infection was mediated through enhancing the expression of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family caspase recruitment domain-containing 5 (NLRC5). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PDCoV infection robustly elevated retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) expression, and further initiated the downstream type I interferon beta (IFN-β) production, which led to the upregulation of NLRC5 and SLA-I genes. Likewise, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) elicited by PDCoV infection directly activated the promoter activity of NLRC5, resulting in an increased expression of NLRC5 and SLA-I upregulation. Taken together, our findings advance our understanding of how PDCoV manipulates MHC molecules, and knowledge that could help inform the development of therapies and vaccines against PDCoV. IMPORTANCE MHC-I molecules play a crucial role in antiviral immunity by presenting intracellular antigens to CD8+T lymphocytes and eliminating virus-infected cells by natural killer cells' "missing-self recognition." However, the manipulation of MHC molecules by coronaviruses remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that PDCoV, a zoonotic potential coronavirus efficiently infecting cells from broad species, greatly increased the expressions of porcine MHC-I (SLA-I) molecules and MHC-I antigen presentation associated genes but not porcine MHC-II (SLA-II) molecules both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the upregulation of MHC-I molecules by PDCoV infection required the master transactivator of MHC-I, NLRC5, which was mediated not only by RIG-I-initiated type I IFN signaling pathway but also by IRF1 induced by PDCoV as it could activate NLRC5 promoter activity. These results provide significant insights into the modification of the MHC class I pathway and may provide a potential therapeutic intervention for PDCoV.
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Yin L, Liu X, Hu D, Luo Y, Zhang G, Liu P. Swine Enteric Coronaviruses (PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV) Induce Divergent Interferon-Stimulated Gene Responses and Antigen Presentation in Porcine Intestinal Enteroids. Front Immunol 2022; 12:826882. [PMID: 35126380 PMCID: PMC8810500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.826882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), account for the majority of lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and pose significant economic and public health burdens in the world. While the three SECoVs primarily infect intestinal epithelia in vivo and cause similar clinical signs, there are evident discrepancies in their cellular tropism and pathogenicity. However, the underlying mechanisms to cause the differences remain unclear. Herein, we employed porcine enteroids that are a physiologically relevant model of the intestine to assess the host epithelial responses following infection with the three SECoVs (PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV). Although SECoVs replicated similarly in jejunal enteroids, a parallel comparison of transcriptomics datasets uncovered that PEDV and TGEV infection induced similar transcriptional profiles and exhibited a more pronounced response with more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in jejunal enteroids compared with PDCoV infection. Notably, TGEV and PDCoV induced high levels of type I and III IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) responses, while PEDV displayed a delayed peak and elicited a much lesser extent of IFN responses. Furthermore, TGEV and PDCoV instead of PEDV elicited a substantial upregulation of antigen-presentation genes and T cell-recruiting chemokines in enteroids. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that IFNs treatment markedly elevated the expression of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family NLRC5 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. Together, our results indicate unique and common viral strategies for manipulating the global IFN responses and antigen presentation utilized by SECoVs, which help us a better understanding of host-SECoVs interactions.
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12
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Zhang H, He F, Li P, Hardwidge PR, Li N, Peng Y. The Role of Innate Immunity in Pulmonary Infections. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6646071. [PMID: 33553427 PMCID: PMC7847335 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity forms a protective line of defense in the early stages of pulmonary infection. The primary cellular players of the innate immunity against respiratory infections are alveolar macrophages (AMs), dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). They recognize conserved structures of microorganisms through membrane-bound and intracellular receptors to initiate appropriate responses. In this review, we focus on the prominent roles of innate immune cells and summarize transmembrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling recognition mechanisms during pulmonary microbial infections. Understanding the mechanisms of PRR signal recognition during pulmonary pathogen infections will help us to understand pulmonary immunopathology and lay a foundation for the development of effective therapies to treat and/or prevent pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Brazee PL, Morales-Nebreda L, Magnani ND, Garcia JG, Misharin AV, Ridge KM, Budinger GRS, Iwai K, Dada LA, Sznajder JI. Linear ubiquitin assembly complex regulates lung epithelial-driven responses during influenza infection. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1301-1314. [PMID: 31714898 DOI: 10.1172/jci128368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is among the most common causes of pneumonia-related death worldwide. Pulmonary epithelial cells are the primary target for viral infection and replication and respond by releasing inflammatory mediators that recruit immune cells to mount the host response. Severe lung injury and death during IAV infection result from an exuberant host inflammatory response. The linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), composed of SHARPIN, HOIL-1L, and HOIP, is a critical regulator of NF-κB-dependent inflammation. Using mice with lung epithelial-specific deletions of HOIL-1L or HOIP in a model of IAV infection, we provided evidence that, while a reduction in the inflammatory response was beneficial, ablation of the LUBAC-dependent lung epithelial-driven response worsened lung injury and increased mortality. Moreover, we described a mechanism for the upregulation of HOIL-1L in infected and noninfected cells triggered by the activation of type I IFN receptor and mediated by IRF1, which was maladaptive and contributed to hyperinflammation. Thus, we propose that lung epithelial LUBAC acts as a molecular rheostat that could be selectively targeted to modulate the immune response in patients with severe IAV-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Brazee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joe Gn Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Laura A Dada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Such L, Zhao F, Liu D, Thier B, Le-Trilling VTK, Sucker A, Coch C, Pieper N, Howe S, Bhat H, Kalkavan H, Ritter C, Brinkhaus R, Ugurel S, Köster J, Seifert U, Dittmer U, Schuler M, Lang KS, Kufer TA, Hartmann G, Becker JC, Horn S, Ferrone S, Liu D, Van Allen EM, Schadendorf D, Griewank K, Trilling M, Paschen A. Targeting the innate immunoreceptor RIG-I overcomes melanoma-intrinsic resistance to T cell immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4266-4281. [PMID: 32427578 PMCID: PMC7410049 DOI: 10.1172/jci131572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding tumor resistance to T cell immunotherapies is critical to improve patient outcomes. Our study revealed a role for transcriptional suppression of the tumor-intrinsic HLA class I (HLA-I) antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM) in therapy resistance. Low HLA-I APM mRNA levels in melanoma metastases before immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) correlated with nonresponsiveness to therapy and poor clinical outcome. Patient-derived melanoma cells with silenced HLA-I APM escaped recognition by autologous CD8+ T cells. However, targeted activation of the innate immunoreceptor RIG-I initiated de novo HLA-I APM transcription, thereby overcoming T cell resistance. Antigen presentation was restored in interferon-sensitive (IFN-sensitive) but also immunoedited IFN-resistant melanoma models through RIG-I-dependent stimulation of an IFN-independent salvage pathway involving IRF1 and IRF3. Likewise, enhanced HLA-I APM expression was detected in RIG-Ihi (DDX58hi) melanoma biopsies, correlating with improved patient survival. Induction of HLA-I APM by RIG-I synergized with antibodies blocking PD-1 and TIGIT inhibitory checkpoints in boosting the antitumor T cell activity of ICB nonresponders. Overall, the herein-identified IFN-independent effect of RIG-I on tumor antigen presentation and T cell recognition proposes innate immunoreceptor targeting as a strategy to overcome intrinsic T cell resistance of IFN-sensitive and IFN-resistant melanomas and improve clinical outcomes in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Such
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Derek Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beatrice Thier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalia Pieper
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Howe
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Halime Kalkavan
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, and
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cathrin Ritter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Brinkhaus
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Köster
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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15
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Chothe SK, Nissly RH, Lim L, Bhushan G, Bird I, Radzio-Basu J, Jayarao BM, Kuchipudi SV. NLRC5 Serves as a Pro-viral Factor During Influenza Virus Infection in Chicken Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:230. [PMID: 32509599 PMCID: PMC7248199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause major economic losses to the global poultry industry. Many host factors have been identified that act as regulators of the inflammatory response and virus replication in influenza A virus (IAV) infected cells including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptor (NLR) family proteins. Evidence is emerging that NLRC5, the largest NLR member, is a regulator of host immune responses against invading pathogens including viruses; however, its role in the avian immune system and AIV pathogenesis has not been fully explored. In this study, we found that NLRC5 is activated by a range of low and highly pathogenic AIVs in primary chicken lung cells and a chicken macrophage cell line. Further, siRNA mediated NLRC5 knockdown in chicken macrophages resulted in a significant reduction in AIV replication which was associated with the upregulation of genes associated with activated NFκB signaling pathway. The knockdown of NLRC5 enhanced the expression of genes known to be associated with viral defense and decreased innate cytokine gene expression following AIV infection. Overall, our investigation strongly suggests that NLRC5 is a pro-viral factor during IAV infection in chicken and may contribute to pathogenesis through innate cytokine regulation. Further studies are warranted to investigate the IAV protein(s) that may regulate activation of NLRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada K Chothe
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ruth H Nissly
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Levina Lim
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Gitanjali Bhushan
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ian Bird
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Radzio-Basu
- Applied Biological and Biosecurity Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Bhushan M Jayarao
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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16
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Brasier AR. RSV Reprograms the CDK9•BRD4 Chromatin Remodeling Complex to Couple Innate Inflammation to Airway Remodeling. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040472. [PMID: 32331282 PMCID: PMC7232410 DOI: 10.3390/v12040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus infection is responsible for seasonal upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, causing substantial morbidity. Self-inoculation of the virus into the nasopharynx results in epithelial replication and distal spread into the lower respiratory tract. Here, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activates sentinel cells important in the host inflammatory response, resulting in epithelial-derived cytokine and interferon (IFN) expression resulting in neutrophilia, whose intensity is associated with disease severity. I will synthesize key findings describing how RSV replication activates intracellular NFκB and IRF signaling cascades controlling the innate immune response (IIR). Recent studies have implicated a central role for Scg1a1+ expressing progenitor cells in IIR, a cell type uniquely primed to induce neutrophilic-, T helper 2 (Th2)-polarizing-, and fibrogenic cytokines that play distinct roles in disease pathogenesis. Molecular studies have linked the positive transcriptional elongation factor-b (P-TEFb), a pleiotrophic chromatin remodeling complex in immediate-early IIR gene expression. Through intrinsic kinase activity of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 9 and atypical histone acetyl transferase activity of bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), P-TEFb mediates transcriptional elongation of IIR genes. Unbiased proteomic studies show that the CDK9•BRD4 complex is dynamically reconfigured by the innate response and targets TGFβ-dependent fibrogenic gene networks. Chronic activation of CDK9•BRD4 mediates chromatin remodeling fibrogenic gene networks that cause epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mesenchymal transitioned epithelial cells elaborate TGFβ and IL6 that function in a paracrine manner to expand the population of subepithelial myofibroblasts. These findings may account for the long-term reduction in pulmonary function in children with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Modifying chromatin remodeling properties of the CDK9•BRD4 coactivators may provide a mechanism for reducing post-infectious airway remodeling that are a consequence of severe RSV LRTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research; University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison, WI 53705, USA
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17
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Wang JQ, Liu YR, Xia Q, Chen RN, Liang J, Xia QR, Li J. Emerging Roles for NLRC5 in Immune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1352. [PMID: 31824312 PMCID: PMC6880621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity activates the corresponding immune response relying on multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that includes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), like NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which could accurately recognize invasive pathogens. In particular, NLRs belong to a large protein family of pattern recognition receptors in the cytoplasm, where they are highly correlated with activation of inflammatory response system followed by rapid clearance of invasive pathogens. Among the NLRs family, NLRC5, also known as NOD4 or NOD27, accounts for a large proportion and involves in immune responses far and wide. Notably, in the above response case of inflammation, the expression of NLRC5 remarkably increased in immune cells and immune-related tissues. However, the evidence for higher expression of NLRC5 in immune disease still remains controversial. It is noted that the growing evidence further accounts for the participation of NLRC5 in the innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, NLRC5 has also been confirmed to exert a critical role in the control of regulatory diverse signaling pathways. Together with its broad participation in the occurrence and development of immune diseases, NLRC5 can be consequently treated as a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the paucity of absolute understanding of intrinsic characteristics and underlying mechanisms of NLRC5 still make it hard to develop targeting drugs. Therefore, current summary about NLRC5 information is indispensable. Herein, current knowledge of NLRC5 is summarized, and research advances in terms of NLRC5 in characteristics, biological function, and regulatory mechanisms are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Ru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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18
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An Acute Stress Model in New Zealand White Rabbits Exhibits Altered Immune Response to Infection with West Nile Virus. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040195. [PMID: 31635289 PMCID: PMC6963736 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune competence of an individual is a major determinant of morbidity in West Nile virus (WNV)-infection. Previously, we showed that immunocompetent New Zealand White rabbits (NZWRs; Oryctolagus cuniculus) are phenotypically resistant to WNV-induced disease, thus presenting a suitable model for study of virus-control mechanisms. The current study used corticosteroid-treated NZWRs to model acute “stress”-related immunosuppression. Maximal effects on immune parameters were observed on day 3 post dexamethasone-treatment (pdt). However, contrary to our hypothesis, intradermal WNV challenge at this time pdt produced significantly lower viremia 1 day post-infection (dpi) compared to untreated controls, suggestive of changes to antiviral control mechanisms. To examine this further, RNAseq was performed on RNA extracted from draining lymph node—the first site of virus replication and immune detection. Unaffected by dexamethasone-treatment, an early antiviral response, primarily via interferon (IFN)-I, and induction of a range of known and novel IFN-stimulated genes, was observed. However, treatment was associated with expression of a different repertoire of IFN-α-21-like and IFN-ω-1-like subtypes on 1 dpi, which may have driven the different chemokine response on 3 dpi. Ongoing expression of Toll-like receptor-3 and transmembrane protein-173/STING likely contributed to signaling of the treatment-independent IFN-I response. Two novel genes (putative HERC6 and IFIT1B genes), and the SLC16A5 gene were also highlighted as important component of the transcriptomic response. Therefore, the current study shows that rabbits are capable of restricting WNV replication and dissemination by known and novel robust antiviral mechanisms despite environmental challenges such as stress.
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19
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Sun T, Ferrero RL, Girardin SE, Gommerman JL, Philpott DJ. NLRC5 deficiency has a moderate impact on immunodominant CD8 + T-cell responses during rotavirus infection of adult mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:552-562. [PMID: 30768806 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family plays an important role in innate immunity. Class II transactivator and NOD-like receptor caspase activation and recruitment domain CARD containing 5 (NLRC5) are unusual members of the NLR family that instead of recognizing pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns, form enhanceosomes with adaptor molecules and modulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC class I expression, respectively. While NLRC5 has been shown to play a role during intracellular pathogen infection and tumor cell immune evasion, its role in regulating antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses at the intestinal mucosa has not been investigated. Here, we take advantage of the rotavirus model in adult mice to dissect the impact of NLRC5 on CD8+ T-cell responses to this viral infection at the gut mucosa. We show that while Nlrc5-/- mice exhibited normal proportions of T-cell subpopulations in the intraepithelial and lamina propria compartments, these mice had decreased baseline MHC class I expression on various immune cells in the lamina propria. Upon rotavirus infection, Nlrc5 deficiency resulted in impaired H2-Kb -restricted antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, which were recapitulated in mice deficient for Nlrc5 within the dendritic cell compartment. The impaired CD8+ T-cell response in Nlrc5-/- mice was not significant enough to impact viral titers, suggesting compensation in Nlrc5-/- mice, perhaps as a result of higher numbers of activated B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and normal rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A responses. Collectively, our results demonstrate a minor role for NLRC5 in modulating H2-Kb -restricted antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the small intestine during rotavirus infection in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Wu Y, Shi T, Li J. NLRC5: A paradigm for NLRs in immunological and inflammatory reaction. Cancer Lett 2019; 451:92-99. [PMID: 30867141 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family of proteins is mainly involved in microbial pathogen recognition, inflammatory responses, and cell death. NLRC5, the largest member of the NLR family, is currently receiving an increasing level of attention. NLRC5 has been demonstrated to be a potent negative regulator of NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory response. Moreover, accumulating evidence has indicated that NLRC5 is closely related to pathological processes of various cancers. In this review, we present an overview on NLRC5, addressing its underlying molecular mechanisms and implications in host defense, inflammatory response, and associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China.
| | - Tianlu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR China.
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21
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Vijayan S, Sidiq T, Yousuf S, van den Elsen PJ, Kobayashi KS. Class I transactivator, NLRC5: a central player in the MHC class I pathway and cancer immune surveillance. Immunogenetics 2019; 71:273-282. [PMID: 30706093 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules play critical roles in the activation of the adaptive immune system by presenting antigens to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Although it has been well known that CIITA (MHC class II transactivator), an NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat containing) protein, as a master regulator of MHC class II gene expression, the mechanism of MHC class I gene transactivation was unclear. Recently, another NLR protein, NLRC5 (NLR family, CARD domain-containing 5), was identified as an MHC class I transactivator (CITA). NLRC5 is a critical regulator for the transcriptional activation of MHC class I genes and other genes involved in the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. CITA/NLRC5 plays a crucial role in human cancer immunity through the recruitment and activation of tumor killing CD8+ T cells. Here, we discuss the molecular function and mechanism of CITA/NLRC5 in the MHC class I pathway and its role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptha Vijayan
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tabasum Sidiq
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Suhail Yousuf
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koichi S Kobayashi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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22
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Cai L, Michelakos T, Deshpande V, Arora KS, Yamada T, Ting DT, Taylor MS, Castillo CFD, Warshaw AL, Lillemoe KD, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR. Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Clinical Course of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PanNETs). Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2644-2655. [PMID: 30670493 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the potential role of immune cells and molecules in the pathogenesis and clinical course of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Surgically resected PanNETs (N = 104) were immunohistochemically analyzed for Ki67 index, mitotic rate, macrophage, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, as well as HLA class I, PD-L1, and B7-H3 expression. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics as well as with disease-free (DFS) and disease-specific (DSS) survival. RESULTS The median age of the 57 WHO grade 1 and 47 WHO grade 2 patients was 55 years. High intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration correlated with prolonged DFS (P = 0.05), especially when the number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) was low. In contrast, high peritumoral CD4+ cell and TAM infiltration was associated with a worse DFS and DSS. PD-L1 and B7-H3 were expressed in 53% and 78% PanNETs, respectively. HLA class I expression was defective in about 70% PanNETs. HLA-A expression correlated with favorable DSS in PD-L1-negative tumors (P = 0.02). TAM infiltration (P = 0.02), WHO grade (P = 0.04), T stage (P = 0.01), and lymph node positivity (P = 0.04) were independent predictors of DFS. TAM infiltration (P = 0.026) and T stage (P = 0.012) continued to be predictors of DFS in WHO grade 1 PanNET patients. TAM infiltration was the sole independent predictor of DSS for WHO grade 1 and 2 patients (P = 0.02). Therefore, this biomarker may contribute to identifying WHO grade 1 patients with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS TAM infiltration appears to be the most informative prognostic biomarker in PanNET. It may represent a useful immunotherapeutic target in patients with PanNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kshitij S Arora
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marty S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew L Warshaw
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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23
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Magro-Lopez E, Guijarro T, Martinez I, Martin-Vicente M, Liste I, Zambrano A. A Two-Dimensional Human Minilung System (Model) for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120379. [PMID: 29232863 PMCID: PMC5744153 DOI: 10.3390/v9120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of serious pediatric respiratory diseases that lacks effective vaccine or specific therapeutics. Although our understanding about HRSV biology has dramatically increased during the last decades, the need for adequate models of HRSV infection is compelling. We have generated a two-dimensional minilung from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The differentiation protocol yielded at least six types of lung and airway cells, although it is biased toward the generation of distal cells. We show evidence of HRSV replication in lung cells, and the induction of innate and proinflammatory responses, thus supporting its use as a model for the study of HRSV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Magro-Lopez
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases (UFIEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Guijarro
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases (UFIEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isidoro Martinez
- Spanish National Center for Microbiology (CNM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Martin-Vicente
- Spanish National Center for Microbiology (CNM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Liste
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases (UFIEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Zambrano
- Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases (UFIEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Salas A, Pardo-Seco J, Cebey-López M, Gómez-Carballa A, Obando-Pacheco P, Rivero-Calle I, Currás-Tuala MJ, Amigo J, Gómez-Rial J, Martinón-Torres F. Whole Exome Sequencing reveals new candidate genes in host genomic susceptibility to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15888. [PMID: 29162850 PMCID: PMC5698448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants. Several studies have shown evidence pointing to the genome of the host as an important factor determining susceptibility to respiratory disease caused by RSV. We sequenced the complete exomes of 54 patients infected by RSV that needed hospitalization due to development of severe bronchiolitis. The Iberian sample (IBS) from The 1000 Genomes Project (1000G) was used as control group; all the association results were pseudo-replicated using other 1000G-European controls and Spanish controls. The study points to SNP rs199665292 in the olfactory receptor (OR) gene OR13C5 as the best candidate variant (P-value = 1.16 × 10-12; OR = 5.56). Genetic variants at HLA genes (HLA-DQA1, HLA-DPB1), and in the mucin 4 gene (MUC4) also emerge as susceptibility candidates. By collapsing rare variants in genes and weighing by pathogenicity, we obtained confirmatory signals of association in the OR gene OR8U1/OR8U8, the taste receptor TAS2R19, and another mucin gene (MUC6). Overall, we identified new predisposition variants and genes related to RSV infection. Of special interest is the association of RSV to olfactory and taste receptors; this finding is in line with recent evidence pointing to their role in viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(USC), Galicia, Spain.
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain.
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(USC), Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - Miriam Cebey-López
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(USC), Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - Pablo Obando-Pacheco
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - María-José Currás-Tuala
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(USC), Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(USC), Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Rial
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.org), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Galicia, Spain
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25
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NLRC5 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. Immunobiology 2017; 222:704-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Wang XH, Shu J, Jiang CM, Zhuang LL, Yang WX, Zhang HW, Wang LL, Li L, Chen XQ, Jin R, Zhou GP. Mechanisms and roles by which IRF-3 mediates the regulation of ORMDL3 transcription in respiratory syncytial virus infection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 87:8-17. [PMID: 28336364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in infancy, which is a major risk factor for recurrent wheezing and asthma. Orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) has been reported to associate with virus-triggered recurrent wheezing and asthma in children. However, little is known about how ORMDL3 is involved into RSV infection. In this study, we showed that the mRNA expression of ORMDL3 is significantly increased in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of infants with RSV-induced bronchiolitis compared with uninfected controls, also increased in bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts following RSV infection in vitro. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of RSV-induced ORMDL3 expression, we performed in silico analysis of the binding sites of several transcription factors in the ORMDL3 promoter. The proximal interferon-regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) binding site positively regulated ORMDL3 transcription following exposure to RSV, as determined through mutational analysis. Overexpression and RNA interference experiments targeting IRF-3 showed that it regulates the expression of ORMDL3 following RSV exposure. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that IRF-3 binds directly to the promoter of the ORMDL3 gene. Furthermore, we confirmed that expression of IRF-3 is significantly increased and shows a strong linear correlation with increased ORMDL3 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from infants with RSV-induced bronchiolitis. Our results indicate that IRF-3 is an important regulator of ORMDL3 induction following RSV infection by binding directly to the promoter of ORMDL3, which may be implicated in the inflammatory and immune reactions involved in bronchiolitis and wheezing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Chang Le Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210006, China
| | - Jin Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Li-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Wei-Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Hui-Weng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
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27
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Benkő S, Kovács EG, Hezel F, Kufer TA. NLRC5 Functions beyond MHC I Regulation-What Do We Know So Far? Front Immunol 2017; 8:150. [PMID: 28261210 PMCID: PMC5313500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRC5 is a member of the NLR family that acts as a transcriptional activator of MHC class I genes. In line with the function of several related NLR proteins in innate immune responses, there is, however, also ample evidence that NLRC5 contributes to innate and adaptive immune responses beyond the regulation of MHC class I genes. In human and murine cells, for example, NLRC5 was proposed to contribute to inflammatory and type I interferon responses. The role of NLRC5 in these and other cellular processes is hitherto still not well understood and blurred by discrepancies in the reported data. Here, we provide a detailed and critical discussion of the available experimental data on the emerging biological functions of NLRC5 in innate immune responses in men and mice. Better awareness of the multiple roles of NLRC5 will help to define its overall contribution to immune responses and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Benkő
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Elek Gergő Kovács
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Felix Hezel
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
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28
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Chelbi S, Dang A, Guarda G. Emerging Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-Related Functions of NLRC5. Adv Immunol 2017; 133:89-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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29
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Shi H, Ren K, Lv B, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tan RX, Li E. Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis blocks respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35851. [PMID: 27767097 PMCID: PMC5073294 DOI: 10.1038/srep35851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a remedy for inflammatory and infective diseases for thousands of years. We evaluated the antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the leading cause of childhood infection and hospitalization. By fractionation and chromatographic analysis, we determined that baicalin was responsible for the antiviral activity of S. baicalensis against RSV infection. The concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of RSV infection was determined at 19.9 ± 1.8 μM, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was measured at 370 ± 10 μM. We then used a mouse model of RSV infection to further demonstrate baicalin antiviral effect. RSV infection caused significant lung injury and proinflammatory response, including CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte infiltration. Baicalin treatment resulted in reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration and gene expression of proinflammatory factors, while the treatment moderately reduced RSV titers recovered from the lung tissues. T lymphocyte infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte modulated tissue damage has been identified critical factors of RSV disease. The study therefore demonstrates that baicalin subjugates RSV disease through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Shi
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baojie Lv
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Jiang H, Shi H, Sun M, Wang Y, Meng Q, Guo P, Cao Y, Chen J, Gao X, Li E, Liu J. PFKFB3-Driven Macrophage Glycolytic Metabolism Is a Crucial Component of Innate Antiviral Defense. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2880-90. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Suppression of IRG-1 Reduces Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Lung Injury in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by Reducing Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. J Virol 2016; 90:7313-7322. [PMID: 27252532 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00563-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and children. RSV is a negative-sense, single-strand RNA (ssRNA) virus that mainly infects airway epithelial cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a major factor for pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage of RSV disease. We investigated immune-responsive gene-1 (IRG1) expression during RSV infection, since IRG1 has been shown to mediate innate immune response to intracellular bacterial pathogens by modulating ROS and itaconic acid production. We found that RSV infection induced IRG1 expression in human A549 cells and in the lung tissues of RSV-infected mice. RSV infection or IRG1 overexpression promoted ROS production. Accordingly, knockdown of IRG1 induction blocked RSV-induced ROS production and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Finally, we showed that suppression of IRG1 induction reduced immune cell infiltration and prevented lung injury in RSV-infected mice. These results therefore link IRG1 induction to ROS production and immune lung injury after RSV infection. IMPORTANCE RSV infection is among the most common causes of childhood diseases. Recent studies identify ROS production as a factor contributing to RSV disease. We investigated the cause of ROS production and identified IRG1 as a critical factor linking ROS production to immune lung injury after RSV infection. We found that IRG1 was induced in A549 alveolar epithelial cells and in mouse lungs after RSV infection. Importantly, suppression of IRG1 induction reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in mice. This study links IRG1 induction to oxidative damage and RSV disease. It also uncovers a potential therapeutic target in reducing RSV-caused lung injury.
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Downs I, Vijayan S, Sidiq T, Kobayashi KS. CITA/NLRC5: A critical transcriptional regulator of MHC class I gene expression. Biofactors 2016; 42:349-57. [PMID: 27087581 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules play essential roles in the development and activation of the human adaptive immune system. An NLR protein, CIITA (MHC class II transactivator) has been recognized as a master regulator of MHC class II gene expression, albeit knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of MHC class I gene expression had been limited. Recently identified MHC class I transactivator (CITA), or NLRC5, also belongs to the NLR protein family and constitutes a critical regulator for the transcriptional activation of MHC class I genes. In addition to MHC class I genes, CITA/NLRC5 induces the expression of β2 -microglobulin, TAP1 and LMP2, essential components of the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. Therefore, CITA/NLRC5 and CIITA are transcriptional regulators that orchestrate the concerted expression of critical components in the MHC class I and class II pathways, respectively. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):349-357, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Downs
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Saptha Vijayan
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Tabasum Sidiq
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Koichi S Kobayashi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
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René C, Lozano C, Eliaou JF. Expression of classical HLA class I molecules: regulation and clinical impacts: Julia Bodmer Award Review 2015. HLA 2016; 87:338-49. [PMID: 27060357 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes are ubiquitously expressed, but in a tissue specific-manner. Their expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and can be modulated both positively and negatively by different stimuli. Advances in sequencing technologies led to the identification of new regulatory variants located in the untranslated regions (UTRs), which could influence the expression. After a brief description of the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of HLA class I genes expression, we will review how the expression levels of HLA class I genes could affect biological and pathological processes. Then, we will discuss on the differential expression of HLA class I genes according to the locus, allele and UTR polymorphisms and its clinical impact. This interesting field of study led to a new dimension of HLA typing, going beyond a qualitative aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C René
- Department of Immunology, CHRU de Montpellier, University Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de Médecine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Lozano
- Department of Immunology, CHRU de Montpellier, University Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - J-F Eliaou
- Department of Immunology, CHRU de Montpellier, University Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de Médecine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, IRCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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