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Chen Z, Li Q, Xu Y, Tian D, Zhang M, Guo Y, Min X, Xiao D. Study on the detection rate, genetic polymorphism, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus type 81. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29753. [PMID: 38895800 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 81 has recently become one of the most common low-risk HPV types; however, literature focusing on it is limited. This study aimed to analyze the reasons for the increased detection rate of HPV81 and investigate its evolving pathogenicity. We analyzed the detection rates and trends of HPV81 in 229 061 exfoliated cervical cell samples collected from 2014 to 2023; collected samples of HPV81 single infections from two different time periods; and analyzed the allele frequencies, positive selection, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of E6 and E7 genotypes. We found that the detection rate of HPV81 ranked first among the low-risk types in exfoliated cervical cells and exhibited a significantly increasing trend (p < 0.001). The frequency of the E6 prototype allele of HPV81 (n = 317) was significantly increased (p = 0.018) and demonstrated the strongest adaptive capacity. The viral load and persistent infection capacity of the E6 prototype were significantly higher than those of the mutants, thus serving as key drivers for increasing the detection rate of HPV81 and enhancing its pathogenicity. The viral load was positively correlated with persistent infection capacity and pathogenicity. Persistent infection was a crucial factor in the pathogenicity of HPV81. Successful adaptive evolution of HPV81 is accompanied by enhanced pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiongyao Li
- Department of Information, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yajing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Tongnan Women and Children Health Care Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xun Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Daimin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
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Modeling HPV-Associated Disease and Cancer Using the Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091964. [PMID: 36146770 PMCID: PMC9503101 DOI: 10.3390/v14091964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5% of all human cancers are attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HPV-associated diseases and cancers remain a substantial public health and economic burden worldwide despite the availability of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Current diagnosis and treatments for HPV-associated diseases and cancers are predominantly based on cell/tissue morphological examination and/or testing for the presence of high-risk HPV types. There is a lack of robust targets/markers to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatments. Several naturally occurring animal papillomavirus models have been established as surrogates to study HPV pathogenesis. Among them, the Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) model has become known as the gold standard. This model has played a pivotal role in the successful development of vaccines now available to prevent HPV infections. Over the past eighty years, the CRPV model has been widely applied to study HPV carcinogenesis. Taking advantage of a large panel of functional mutant CRPV genomes with distinct, reproducible, and predictable phenotypes, we have gained a deeper understanding of viral–host interaction during tumor progression. In recent years, the application of genome-wide RNA-seq analysis to the CRPV model has allowed us to learn and validate changes that parallel those reported in HPV-associated cancers. In addition, we have established a selection of gene-modified rabbit lines to facilitate mechanistic studies and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the current review, we summarize some significant findings that have advanced our understanding of HPV pathogenesis and highlight the implication of the development of novel gene-modified rabbits to future mechanistic studies.
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3
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RY Seedat, FG Dikkers. Global epidemiology of HPV-associated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and effect of vaccination. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RY Seedat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universitas Academic Hospital & University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - FG Dikkers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ 1105, The Netherlands
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Zhang C, Kou Z, Li R, Ji F, Lin X, Xu A, Song Y, Tao Z. Genomic diversity of human papillomavirus type 6 from patients with condyloma acuminatum in Eastern China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 96:105146. [PMID: 34800713 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts both men and women. However, there is limited data on its genomic characterization in mainland China. The aim of this study was to understand the complete genomic diversity of HPV6 from patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to explore the prevalence of different variant lineages/sublineages in eastern China. METHODS CA samples were collected in 3 hospitals in Shandong Province, China from January 2020 to March 2021. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing and sequence assembly were performed on HPV6-positive samples. The complete genomes obtained in this study were analyzed phylogenetically with global HPV6 sequences in GenBank database using MEGA 11. RESULTS A total of 55 complete genomic sequences of HPV6 were obtained in this study. They were classified as HPV6 variant lineage A (n = 20), sublineage B1 (n = 34) and sublineage B3 (n = 1) by phylogenetic analysis. Sequence alignment showed E1, E5A, E5B, L1, L2, LCR were relatively highly variable regions for sublineage B1 whereas E1, E5A, L2 for lineage A. Both phylogenetic trees of lineage A and sublineage B1 composed of two main branches. Chinese sequences of lineage A segregated into the major branch while those in sublineage B1 belonged to both branches. Genomic divergence between sequences from China and other countries was 0.00% - 0.33% in lineage A and 0.00% - 0.40% in sublineage B1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on HPV variant lineages circulating in mainland China. The results revealed that lineage A and sublineage B1 were prevalent and they had different highly variable regions. Further surveillance is needed to understand the dynamic change of different variants in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Renpeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Feng Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Aiqiang Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Zexin Tao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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5
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Sichero L, Ferreira S, López RVM, Mello BP, Costa V, El-Achkar VNR, Carlos R, Ribeiro-Silva A, Pignatari S, Kaminagakura E, Villa LL. Prevalence of human papillomavirus 6 and 11 variants in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3835-3840. [PMID: 32910471 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are the etiological agents of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We examined the prevalence and distribution of HPVs 6 and 11 genetic variants in juvenile onset (JORRP) and adult onset (AORRP) laryngeal papillomas. Cases of JORRP and AORRP were collected, retrospectively. HPV detection and genotyping were accessed by polymerase chain reaction-sequencing in 67 RRP samples. Overall, the most prevalent HPV-6 variants were from B1 (55.8%) and B3 (27.9%) sublineages, whereas among HPV-11 positive samples A2 (62.5%) variants were predominant. A higher prevalence of HPV-6 B1 was observed in JORRP (83.3% B1 and 16.7% B3), compared with AORRP cases (58.3% B1 and 41.7% B3). HPV-11 A2 variants were more prevalent both in JORRP (57.2%) and in AORRP cases (70.0%). Nevertheless, with the exception that HPV-6 B1 were significantly less likely to recur, there was a lack of association between any particular HPVs 6 or 11 variant and clinicopathological features. Our data do not support an association between HPVs 6 and 11 variability and RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara P Mello
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian N R El-Achkar
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Román Carlos
- Centro Clínico de Cabeza y Cuello, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao, Preto, Brazil
| | - Shirley Pignatari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela Kaminagakura
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Coordinated Expression of HPV-6 Genes with Predominant E4 and E5 Expression in Laryngeal Papilloma. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030520. [PMID: 33802595 PMCID: PMC7998961 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal papilloma (LP) associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)-6 or -11 infection shows aggressive growth. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of virus-driven tumorigenesis has not been uncovered fully. HPV-6 viral gene expression and dynamic alterations were investigated with in situ localization of viral DNA and RNA in 13 patients with HPV-6-infected laryngeal papilloma. The average viral load was 4.80 × 105 ± 1.86 × 105 copies/ng DNA. E4, E5a, and E5b mRNAs accounted for 96% of the expression of 9 mRNAs. The alteration of viral DNA load during recurrence paralleled the mRNA expression levels, and the expression of all mRNAs showed a similar curve. E4, E5a, and E5b were expressed in the middle to upper part of the epithelium and were co-expressed in the same cells. E4 immunohistochemistry demonstrated an extensively positive reaction in the upper cell layer in accordance with E4 mRNA expression. These results suggest that individual viral genes are coordinately expressed for viral replication, virus release, and immunosurveillance avoidance. The newly developed E4-specific monoclonal antibody can be applied to further functional studies and clinical applications such as targeted molecular therapies.
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7
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Rijsbergen M, Rijneveld R, Todd M, Feiss GL, Kouwenhoven STP, Quint KD, van Alewijk DCJG, de Koning MNC, Klaassen ES, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R, van Poelgeest MIE. Results of phase 2 trials exploring the safety and efficacy of omiganan in patients with human papillomavirus-induced genital lesions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2133-2143. [PMID: 31755993 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess safety and tolerability and explore pharmacodynamics and efficacy of omiganan in external anogenital warts (AGW) and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). METHODS Two randomized controlled trials in patients with external AGW and vulvar HSIL were conducted. Patients received topical omiganan 2.5% or placebo gel once daily for 12 weeks with a follow-up of 12 weeks. Safety and tolerability were monitored and pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of omiganan were assessed by analysing lesion count, size and viral load. Self-reported pain, itch and quality of life were assessed by an electronic diary and questionnaire. RESULTS Twenty-four AGW and 12 vulvar HSIL patients were enrolled. All patients had a high treatment adherence (99%). No serious adverse events occurred and all adverse events (n = 27) were mild, transient and self-limiting. The treatment groups were not different in terms of safety and tolerability, lesion count and size, and patient-reported outcomes pain, itch and quality of life. Human papillomavirus load significantly reduced after 12 weeks of treatment with omiganan compared to placebo (-96.6%; 95% confidence interval -99.9 to -7.4%; P = .045) in AGW patients only. CONCLUSION Topical omiganan appears to be safe in patients with AGW and vulvar HSIL and reduced human papillomavirus load after 12 weeks of treatment in AGW patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Todd
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stijn T P Kouwenhoven
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Rissmann
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte I E van Poelgeest
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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8
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Khawar L, Machalek DA, Regan DG, Donovan B, McGregor S, Guy RJ. Defining Elimination of Genital Warts-A Modified Delphi Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020316. [PMID: 32570787 PMCID: PMC7350253 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Substantial declines in genital warts (GW) have been observed in countries with quadrivalent HPV vaccination programmes, with Australia showing the highest reductions due to early commencement and high vaccination coverage. There is a real potential to achieve GW elimination; however, no GW elimination definition exists. Taking Australia as a case study, we aimed to reach expert consensus on a proposed GW elimination definition using a modified Delphi process. Method: We used modelling and epidemiological data to estimate the expected number of new GW cases, from pre-vaccination (baseline) in 2006 to the year 2060 in Australian heterosexuals, men who have sex with men (MSM), and newly arrived international travellers and migrants. We used these data and the literature, to develop a questionnaire containing ten elimination-related items, each with 9-point Likert scales (1-strongly disagree; 9-strongly agree). The survey was completed by 18 experts who participated in a full day face-to-face modified Delphi study, in which individuals and then small groups discussed and scored each item. The process was repeated online for items where consensus (≥70% agreement) was not initially achieved. Median and coefficient of variation (COV) were used to describe the central tendency and variability of responses, respectively. Findings: There was a 95% participation rate in the face-to-face session, and 84% response rate in the final online round. The median item score ranged between 7.0 and 9.0 and the COV was ≤0.30 on all items. Consensus was reached that at ≥80% HPV vaccination coverage, GW will be eliminated as a public health problem in Australia by 2060. During this time period there will be a 95% reduction in population-level incidence compared with baseline, equivalent to <1 GW case per 10,000 population. The reductions will occur most rapidly in Australian heterosexuals, with 73%, 90% and 97% relative reductions by years 2021, 2030 and 2060, respectively. The proportion of new GW cases attributable to importation will increase from 3.6% in 2006 to ~49% in 2060. Interpretation: Our results indicate that the vaccination programme will minimise new GW cases in the Australian population, but importation of cases will continue. This is the first study to define GW elimination at a national level. The framework developed could be used to define GW elimination in other countries, with thresholds particularly valuable for vaccination programme impact evaluation. Funding: LK supported through an Australian Government Research Training Programme Scholarship; unconditional funding from Seqirus to support the Delphi Workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Khawar
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (D.A.M.); (D.G.R.); (B.D.); (S.M.); (R.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorothy A. Machalek
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (D.A.M.); (D.G.R.); (B.D.); (S.M.); (R.J.G.)
- Centre for Women’s Infectious Diseases, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - David G. Regan
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (D.A.M.); (D.G.R.); (B.D.); (S.M.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Basil Donovan
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (D.A.M.); (D.G.R.); (B.D.); (S.M.); (R.J.G.)
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Skye McGregor
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (D.A.M.); (D.G.R.); (B.D.); (S.M.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Rebecca J. Guy
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (D.A.M.); (D.G.R.); (B.D.); (S.M.); (R.J.G.)
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9
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Mehta D, Cornet L, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Zaidi SSEA, Vanderschuren H. Full-length sequencing of circular DNA viruses and extrachromosomal circular DNA using CIDER-Seq. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1673-1689. [PMID: 32246135 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circular DNA is ubiquitous in nature in the form of plasmids, circular DNA viruses, and extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) in eukaryotes. Sequencing of such molecules is essential to profiling virus distributions, discovering new viruses and understanding the roles of eccDNAs in eukaryotic cells. Circular DNA enrichment sequencing (CIDER-Seq) is a technique to enrich and accurately sequence circular DNA without the need for polymerase chain reaction amplification, cloning, and computational sequence assembly. The approach is based on randomly primed circular DNA amplification, which is followed by several enzymatic DNA repair steps and then by long-read sequencing. CIDER-Seq includes a custom data analysis package (CIDER-Seq Data Analysis Software 2) that implements the DeConcat algorithm to deconcatenate the long sequencing products of random circular DNA amplification into the intact sequences of the input circular DNA. The CIDER-Seq data analysis package can generate full-length annotated virus genomes, as well as circular DNA sequences of novel viruses. Applications of CIDER-Seq also include profiling of eccDNA molecules such as transposable elements (TEs) from biological samples. The method takes ~2 weeks to complete, depending on the computational resources available. Owing to the present constraints of long-read single-molecule sequencing, the accuracy of circular virus and eccDNA sequences generated by the CIDER-Seq method scales with sequence length, and the greatest accuracy is obtained for molecules <10 kb long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devang Mehta
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Luc Cornet
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Syed Shan-E-Ali Zaidi
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Biosystems Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Seedat RY. Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Diagnosis and Management - A Developing Country Review. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2020; 11:39-46. [PMID: 32099513 PMCID: PMC7007786 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a condition caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), usually HPV types 6 and 11, which is characterized by recurrent papillomas of the respiratory tract, mainly the larynx. Patients usually present between the ages of 2 and 6 years. The initial presenting symptom is progressive dysphonia, followed by stridor and respiratory distress. Treatment consists of repeated microlaryngoscopic procedures to remove the papillomas as there is no cure. The poor availability and accessibility of appropriate healthcare services in developing countries are barriers to the early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP), requiring many patients to have a tracheostomy. The introduction of prophylactic vaccines that include HPV6 and HPV11 is necessary in order to reduce the incidence of JoRRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Seedat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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11
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Mitochondrial somatic mutations and the lack of viral genomic variation in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16625. [PMID: 31719597 PMCID: PMC6851396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease of the aerodigestive tract caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) that manifests as profoundly altered phonatory and upper respiratory anatomy. Current therapies are primarily symptomatic; enhanced insight regarding disease-specific biology of RRP is critical to improved therapeutics for this challenging population. Multiplex PCR was performed on oral rinses collected from twenty-three patients with adult-onset RRP every three months for one year. Twenty-two (95.6%) subjects had an initial HPV positive oral rinse. Of those subjects, 77.2% had an additional positive oral rinse over 12 months. A subset of rinses were then compared to tissue samples in the same patient employing HPViewer to determine HPV subtype concordance. Multiple HPV copies (60–787 per human cell) were detected in RRP tissue in each patient, but a single dominant HPV was found in individual samples. These data confirm persistent oral HPV infection in the majority of patients with RRP. In addition, three novel HPV6 isolates were found and identical HPV strains, at very low levels, were identified in oral rinses in two patients suggesting potential HPV subtype concordance. Finally, somatic heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations were observed in RRP tissue with 1.8 mutations per sample and two nonsynonymous variants. These data provide foundational insight into both the underlying pathophysiology of RRP, but also potential targets for intervention in this challenging patient cohort.
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12
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Chen Z, Li Q, Huang J, Li J, Yang F, Min X, Chen Z. E6 and E7 gene polymorphisms in human papillomavirus Type-6 identified in Southwest China. Virol J 2019; 16:114. [PMID: 31511025 PMCID: PMC6740006 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus type-6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts both men and women. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity among HPV6 in Southwest China, and to investigate the origin of, selective pressure experienced by, and impact of the resultantly identified genetic variants on the HPV6 secondary structure. METHODS Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Maximum-likelihood and the Kimura 2-parameters methods by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. The diversity of secondary structure was analyzed by PSIPred software. The selection pressures acting on the E6/E7 genes were estimated by Phylogenetic Analyses by Maximum Likelihood version 4.8 software. RESULTS HPV6 was the most prevalent low risk HPV type in southwest China. In total, 143 E6 and E7 gene sequences of HPV6 isolated from patients were sequenced and compared to GenBank HPV6 reference sequence X00203. The results of these analyses revealed that both the HPV6 E6 and E7 were highly conserved within the analyzed patient samples, and comprised only 3 types of variant sequence, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of HPV6 E6 and E7 sequences revealed seven/five single-nucleotide mutations, two/four and five/one of which were non-synonymous and synonymous, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses of the E6 and E7 sequences indicated that they belonged to sub-lineage A1 and sub-lineage B1, whereas the selective pressure analyses showed that only the E7 mutation sites 4R, 34E, and 52F were positive selection. CONCLUSIONS HPV6 (detection rate = 13.10%) was very prevalent in southwest China, both the HPV6 E6 and E7 sequences were highly conserved within the analyzed patient samples in southwest China, indicating that the low risk HPV6 can adapt to the environment well without much evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongyao Li
- Bio-resource Research and Utilization Joint Key Laboratory of Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Information Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Information Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Min
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zehui Chen
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Dias MC, Stuqui B, Provazzi PJS, Bittar C, Candido NM, de Matos RPA, Badial RM, do Bonfim CM, Melli PPDS, Quintana SM, Cordeiro JA, Rahal P, Calmon MDF. Analysis of Nucleotide Alterations in the E6 Genomic Region of Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 11 in Condyloma Acuminatum Samples from Brazil. Adv Virol 2019; 2019:5697573. [PMID: 31186642 PMCID: PMC6521423 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5697573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA), or genital warts, are benign proliferative epidermal or mucous lesions that are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly the low-risk types 6 and 11. HPV variants are defined as viral sequences that share identity in the nucleotide sequence of the L1 gene greater than 98%. Based on this criterion, HPV6 and 11 variant lineages have been studied, and there are ongoing attempts to correlate these genetic variants with different clinical findings of infection. Therefore, the aims of this study were to detect variants and nucleotide alterations present in the E6 regions of HPV types 6 and 11 found in CA samples, to correlate the HPV presence with the clinical-pathological data of the patients, and to determine phylogenetic relationships with variants from other places in the world. The E6 regions of 25 HPV6 samples and 7 HPV11 samples from CA were amplified using PCR with specific primers. The products were ligated to a cloning vector and five colonies of each sample were sequenced to observe the nucleotide alterations. Twelve samples were identified as the HPV6B3 variant, presenting the mutation (guanine) G474A (adenine), and one of them also showed the mutation (thymine) T369G. The other 13 patients were positive for HPV6B1 without nucleotide alterations. In the analysis of the HPV11 samples, all patients showed the mutations T137C and (cytosine) C380T. One patient also presented the nucleotide alteration T410C. None of the mutations found in the 32 analyzed samples resulted in amino acid changes. Patient age, local occurrence, and HIV infection did not show significant association with HPV infection. Besides, the data found in this study did not show a relationship with the geographical region of isolation when compared to other data from different regions of the world. In this way, despite the nucleotide alterations found, it was not possible to observe amino acid changes and variants grouping according to geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Carrara Dias
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Stuqui
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Jocelan Scarin Provazzi
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Maria Candido
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Prandini Adum de Matos
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Miglioli Badial
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Measso do Bonfim
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Rahal
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia de Freitas Calmon
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Comparative analysis of human papillomavirus type 6 complete genomes originated from head and neck and anogenital disorders. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:140-150. [PMID: 30905772 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that fundamental differences exist between high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes regarding interactions with the host. This study aims to join the recently emerging efforts to uncover these differences at the complete genome level and to study how they may influence the disease caused. Sixteen samples of thirteen patients with various HPV6-mediated benign mucosal disorders (nine recurrent respiratory papillomatoses with 2-8 recurrences, one condyloma acuminatum and three premalignant lesions of the genital mucosa) were sampled to determine the complete virus genomes. We collected the 197 HPV6 complete genomes deposited in the GenBank for cluster analysis to determine (sub)lineages. Genome polymorphisms were determined against the reference sequences of the (sub)lineages. Genome polymorphisms of the long control region (LCR) were tested for putative transcription factor binding sites; their functional analysis was performed by transient transfection of cloned whole LCRs into HEp-2 cells using a luciferase reporter system. Genomes from the same patients were always identical. Three, nine and one patients carried HPV6 lineage A, sublineage B1 and B2 variants, respectively. The three lineage A sequences were highly similar to each other, but distinct from the reference genome. A unique non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found in the E5a open reading frame (ORF). Sublineage B1 genomes were more diverse, exhibited unique non-synonymous SNPs in the LCR and the E2/E4, L1, L2 ORFs. LCR activity of lineage A and sublineage B1 differed significantly; activity of one sublineage B1 LCR exhibiting two unique SNPs was significantly higher than that of other B1 LCR variants, close to the mean of LCR activities of lineage A variants. Different HPV6 lineages showed marked differences in variability patterns of the different genome regions. This may be involved in the differences in their distribution in different diseases or patient populations.
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15
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Sichero L, El-Zein M, Ferreira S, Franco EL, Villa LL. Lack of Association between Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 11 Genetic Variants and Cervical Abnormalities: The Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1086-1088. [PMID: 30867221 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are mainly associated with the development of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. We examined intratypic genetic variability of both viral types with the development of cervical cytologic abnormalities in Brazilian women. METHODS We used PCR sequencing to characterize variants of HPVs 6 and/or 11 in cervical swabs from women in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study. We used a binomial generalized estimating equations (GEE) model with logit link to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between HPV 6 and 11 variants and cytologic abnormalities. RESULTS B1 and B3 HPV6 and A2 HPV11 variants were the most common isolates identified. Compared with HPV6-negative women, the ORs among women harboring HPV6 B1 or B3 variants were 6.3 (95% CI, 2.3-17.0) and 2.3 (95% CI, 0.6-9.7) for atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/low squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI, 0.6-5.1) and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.3-4.7) for ASCUS/LSIL/high squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Respective ORs were 5.0 (95% CI, 1.7-14.6) and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.0-8.1) upon comparing women with HPV11 A2 variants to HPV11-negative women. All associations disappeared when adjusting for coinfections with high-risk HPV types. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support an association between low-risk HPVs 6 and 11 genetic variability and cervical abnormalities. IMPACT Risk of cervical cytologic abnormalities is not affected by intratypic polymorphism in HPVs 6 and 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus infection is associated with the development of malignant and benign neoplasms. Approximately 40 viral types can infect the anogenital mucosa and are categorized into high- and low-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus, depending on their association with the development of cervical carcinoma. High-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 are detected in 55% and 15% of all invasive cervical squamous cell carcinomas worldwide, respectively. Low-risk human papillomavirus 6 and 11 are responsible for 90% of genital warts and are also associated with the development of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Human papillomavirus preferentially infects mitotic active cells of the basal layer from both mucosal and cutaneous epithelium through microabrasions. The viral life cycle synchronizes with the epithelial differentiation program, which may be due, in part, to the binding of differentially expressed cellular transcription factors to the long control region throughout the various epithelial layers. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which viral gene expression is regulated and the influence of human papillomavirus heterogeneity upon this phenomenon. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms may elucidate the particularities of human papillomavirus-associated pathogenesis and may provide new tools for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lopes Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Amanda Schiersner Caodaglio
- Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Laura Sichero
- Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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17
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Chen Z, Schiffman M, Herrero R, DeSalle R, Anastos K, Segondy M, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Gravitt PE, Hsing AW, Chan PKS, Burk RD. Classification and evolution of human papillomavirus genome variants: Alpha-5 (HPV26, 51, 69, 82), Alpha-6 (HPV30, 53, 56, 66), Alpha-11 (HPV34, 73), Alpha-13 (HPV54) and Alpha-3 (HPV61). Virology 2018; 516:86-101. [PMID: 29331867 PMCID: PMC6093212 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HPV variants from the same type can be classified into lineages and sublineages based on the complete genome differences and the phylogenetic topologies. We examined nucleotide variations of twelve HPV types within the species Alpha-5 (HPV26, 51, 69, 82), Alpha-6 (HPV30, 53, 56, 66), Alpha-11 (HPV34, 73), Alpha-13 (HPV54) and Alpha-3 (HPV61) by analyzing 1432 partial sequences and 181 complete genomes from multiple geographic populations. The inter-lineage and inter-sublineage mean differences of HPV variants ranged between 0.9-7.3% and 0.3-0.9%, respectively. The heterogeneity and phylogenies of HPV isolates indicate an independent evolutionary history for each type. The noncoding regions were the most variable regions whereas the capsid proteins were relatively conserved. Certain variant lineages and/or sublineages were geographically-associated. These data provide the basis to further classify HPV variants and should foster future studies on the evolution of HPV genomes and the associations of HPV variants with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica; Prevention and Implementation Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, France
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and Obstetrics, Gynecology & Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michel Segondy
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Patti E Gravitt
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, United States
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert D Burk
- Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and Obstetrics, Gynecology & Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, and Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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18
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Oliveira GRD, Siqueira JD, Finger-Jardim F, Vieira VC, Silva RL, Gonçalves CV, Soares EA, Martinez AMBD, Soares MA. Characterisation of complete high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genomes isolated from cervical specimens in southern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:728-731. [PMID: 28954002 PMCID: PMC5607523 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of human papillomavirus (HPV) intratypic lineages by complete genome sequencing is a determinant in understanding biological differences in association with this disease. In this work, we have characterised complete HPV genomes from southern Brazil. Fifteen cervicovaginal Pap smear negative samples previously categorised as HPV-positive were sequenced using ultradeep sequencing, and 18 complete genomes from 13 different HPV types were assembled. Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses were performed to classify the HPV genomes into lineages and sublineages. This is the first report describing the distribution of HPV intratype lineages of high and low oncogenic risk in asymptomatic women from southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele R de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana D Siqueira
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Finger-Jardim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Valdimara C Vieira
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ronald L Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Carla V Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Centro de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Esmeralda A Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Barral de Martinez
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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19
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Flores-Díaz E, Sereday KA, Ferreira S, Sirak B, Sobrinho JS, Baggio ML, Galan L, Silva RC, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR, Villa LL, Sichero L, The Him Study Group. HPV-11 variability, persistence and progression to genital warts in men: the HIM study. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2339-2342. [PMID: 28809141 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV-11 and HPV-6 are the etiological agents of about 90 % of genital warts (GWs). The intra-typic variability of HPV-11 and its association with infection persistence and GW development remains undetermined. Here, HPV infection in men (HIM) participants who had an HPV-11 genital swab and/or GW, preceded or not by a normal skin genital swab were analysed. Genomic variants were characterized by PCR-sequencing and classified within lineages (A, B) and sublineages (A1, A2, A3, A4). HPV-11 A2 variants were the most frequently detected in the genital swab samples from controls and in both genital swabs and GW samples from cases. The same HPV-11 variant was detected in the GW sample and its preceding genital swab. There was a lack of association between any particular HPV-11 variant and the increased risk for GW development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Flores-Díaz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Present address: Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer-IRIC; Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karen A Sereday
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bradley Sirak
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - João Simão Sobrinho
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Baggio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenice Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Tenjimbayashi Y, Onuki M, Hirose Y, Mori S, Ishii Y, Takeuchi T, Tasaka N, Satoh T, Morisada T, Iwata T, Miyamoto S, Matsumoto K, Sekizawa A, Kukimoto I. Whole-genome analysis of human papillomavirus genotypes 52 and 58 isolated from Japanese women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:44. [PMID: 28785305 PMCID: PMC5545048 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus genotypes 52 and 58 (HPV52/58) are frequently detected in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in East Asian countries including Japan. As with other HPV genotypes, HPV52/58 consist of multiple lineages of genetic variants harboring less than 10% differences between complete genome sequences of the same HPV genotype. However, site variations of nucleotide and amino acid sequences across the viral whole-genome have not been fully examined for HPV52/58. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic variations of HPV52/58 prevalent among Japanese women by analyzing the viral whole-genome sequences. Methods The entire genomic region of HPV52/58 was amplified by long-range PCR with total cellular DNA extracted from cervical exfoliated cells isolated from Japanese patients with CIN or ICC. The amplified DNA was subjected to next generation sequencing to determine the complete viral genome sequences. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with the whole-genome sequences to assign variant lineages/sublineages to the HPV52/58 isolates. The variability in amino acid sequences of viral proteins was assessed by calculating the Shannon entropy scores at individual amino acid positions of HPV proteins. Results Among 52 isolates of HPV52 (CIN1, n = 20; CIN2/3, n = 21; ICC, n = 11), 50 isolates belonged to lineage B (sublineage B2) and two isolates belonged to lineage A (sublineage A1). Among 48 isolates of HPV58 (CIN1, n = 21; CIN2/3, n = 19; ICC, n = 8), 47 isolates belonged to lineage A (sublineages A1/A2/A3) and one isolate belonged to lineage C. Single nucleotide polymorphisms specific for individual variant lineages were determined throughout the viral genome based on multiple sequence alignments of the Japanese HPV52/58 isolates and reference HPV52/58 genomes. Entropy analyses revealed that the E1 protein was relatively variable among the HPV52 isolates, whereas the E7, E4, and L2 proteins showed some variations among the HPV58 isolates. Conclusions Among the HPV52/58-positive specimens from Japanese women with CIN/ICC, the variant distributions were strongly biased toward lineage B for HPV52 and lineage A for HPV58 across histological categories. Different patterns of amino acid variations were observed in HPV52 and HPV58 across the viral whole-genome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-017-0155-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tenjimbayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
| | - Mamiko Onuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mori
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ishii
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
| | - Takamasa Takeuchi
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toyomi Satoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Morisada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011 Japan
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Flores-Díaz E, Sereday KA, Ferreira S, Sirak B, Sobrinho JS, Baggio ML, Galan L, Silva RC, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR, Villa LL, Sichero L. HPV-6 Molecular Variants Association With the Development of Genital Warts in Men: The HIM Study. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:559-565. [PMID: 28011919 PMCID: PMC5388291 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11 are the etiological agents of approximately 90% of genital warts (GWs). The impact of HPV-6 genetic heterogeneity on persistence and progression to GWs remains undetermined. Methods HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study participants who had HPV-6 genital swabs and/or GWs preceded by a viable normal genital swab were analyzed. Variants characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing and samples classified within lineages (A, B) and sublineages (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). Country- and age-specific analyses were conducted for individual variants; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of GWs according to HPV-6 variants were calculated. Results B3 variants were most prevalent. HPV-6 variants distribution differed between countries and case status. HPV-6 B1 variants prevalence was increased in GWs and genital swabs of cases compared to controls. There was difference in B1 and B3 variants detection in GW and the preceding genital swab. We observed significant association of HPV-6 B1 variants detection with GW development. Conclusions HPV-6 B1 variants are more prevalent in genital swabs that precede GW development, and confer an increased risk for GW. Further research is warranted to understand the possible involvement of B1 variants in the progression to clinically relevant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Flores-Díaz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen A Sereday
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bradley Sirak
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - João Simão Sobrinho
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Baggio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenice Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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The effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in G-rich regions of high-risk human papillomaviruses on structural diversity of DNA. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:1229-1236. [PMID: 27836759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can lead to development of cancer of the head and neck and anogenital regions. G-rich sequences found in genomes of high-risk HPVs can fold into non-canonical secondary structures that could serve as 3D motifs distinct from double-stranded DNA and present recognition sites for ligands and opportunity for gene expression modulation. METHODS Combination of UV, CD and NMR spectroscopy and PAGE electrophoresis were used as they offer complementary insights into structural changes of G-rich oligonucleotides. RESULTS G-rich region of HPV16 is shown to preferentially form hairpin structures, while regions of HPV18, HPV52 and HPV58 fold into four-stranded DNA structures called G-quadruplexes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms found in G-rich sequences have been found to promote formation of hairpin structures of HPV16 and have affected number of species formed in G-rich region of HPV52, whereas they have exhibited minimal effect on the formation of HPV18 and HPV58 G-quadruplex structures. These structural changes were reflected in differences in apparent thermal stabilities. CONCLUSIONS Potential of G-rich sequences as drug targets was evaluated based on the results of the current study. HPV16 and HPV18 are considered less appropriate targets due to several single nucleotide polymorphisms and low stability, respectively. On the other hand, HPV52 and HPV58 could be used for small-molecule mediated stabilization. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE G-rich sequences occurring in high-risk HPVs can fold into hairpin and G-quadruplex structures that could be potentially utilized as drug targets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Global Genomic Diversity of Human Papillomavirus 11 Based on 433 Isolates and 78 Complete Genome Sequences. J Virol 2016; 90:5503-5513. [PMID: 27030261 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03149-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human papillomavirus 11 (HPV11) is an etiological agent of anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomas and is included in the 4-valent and 9-valent prophylactic HPV vaccines. We established the largest collection of globally circulating HPV11 isolates to date and examined the genomic diversity of 433 isolates and 78 complete genomes (CGs) from six continents. The genomic variation within the 2,800-bp E5a-E5b-L1-upstream regulatory region was initially studied in 181/207 (87.4%) HPV11 isolates collected for this study. Of these, the CGs of 30 HPV11 variants containing unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indels (insertions or deletions), or amino acid changes were fully sequenced. A maximum likelihood tree based on the global alignment of 78 HPV11 CGs (30 CGs from our study and 48 CGs from GenBank) revealed two HPV11 lineages (lineages A and B) and four sublineages (sublineages A1, A2, A3, and A4). HPV11 (sub)lineage-specific SNPs within the CG were identified, as well as the 208-bp representative region for CG-based phylogenetic clustering within the partial E2 open reading frame and noncoding region 2. Globally, sublineage A2 was the most prevalent, followed by sublineages A1, A3, and A4 and lineage B. IMPORTANCE This collaborative international study defined the global heterogeneity of HPV11 and established the largest collection of globally circulating HPV11 genomic variants to date. Thirty novel complete HPV11 genomes were determined and submitted to the available sequence repositories. Global phylogenetic analysis revealed two HPV11 variant lineages and four sublineages. The HPV11 (sub)lineage-specific SNPs and the representative region identified within the partial genomic region E2/noncoding region 2 (NCR2) will enable the simpler identification and comparison of HPV11 variants worldwide. This study provides an important knowledge base for HPV11 for future studies in HPV epidemiology, evolution, pathogenicity, prevention, and molecular assay development.
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Determination of the complete genome and functional analysis of HPV6 isolate VBD19/10 from a patient with aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:2128-35. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYHuman papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are the aetiological agent of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). The complete genome of an HPV6 isolate with a 170 base pair (bp) duplication identified within the long control region (LCR) from a patient with aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was determined. The promoter sequence from the HPV LCR including the 170 bp duplication was placed upstream of a heterologous reporter gene and the activity of the reporter gene product determined using transfected cells. In total, mutations were observed at 157 nucleotide positions of the complete genome and included nucleotide substitutions, deletions and insertions, resulting in amino acid changes at 43 residue positions. Reporter gene activity using an HPV-derived LCR region with a 170 bp duplication was significantly higher than that using an HPV-derived LCR region with no duplication within this region. The results suggest that novel HPV variants warrant further investigation for potential biomarkers of aggressive disease.
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Measso do Bonfim C, Simão Sobrinho J, Lacerda Nogueira R, Salgado Kupper D, Cardoso Pereira Valera F, Lacerda Nogueira M, Villa LL, Rahal P, Sichero L. Differences in Transcriptional Activity of Human Papillomavirus Type 6 Molecular Variants in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132325. [PMID: 26151558 PMCID: PMC4494706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6). The long control region (LCR) contains cis-elements for regulation of transcription. Our aim was to characterize LCR HPV-6 variants in RRP cases, compare promoter activity of these isolates and search for cellular transcription factors (TFs) that could explain the differences observed. The complete LCR from 13 RRP was analyzed. Transcriptional activity of 5 variants was compared using luciferase assays. Differences in putative TFs binding sites among variants were revealed using the TRANSFAC database. Chromatin immunoprecipation (CHIP) and luciferase assays were used to evaluate TF binding and impact upon transcription, respectively. Juvenile-onset RRP cases harbored exclusively HPV-6vc related variants, whereas among adult-onset cases HPV-6a variants were more prevalent. The HPV-6vc reference was more transcriptionally active than the HPV-6a reference. Active FOXA1, ELF1 and GATA1 binding sites overlap variable nucleotide positions among isolates and influenced LCR activity. Furthermore, our results support a crucial role for ELF1 on transcriptional downregulation. We identified TFs implicated in the regulation of HPV-6 early gene expression. Many of these factors are mutated in cancer or are putative cancer biomarkers, and must be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Measso do Bonfim
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Simão Sobrinho
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lacerda Nogueira
- Department of Ophthalmology/Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Discipline Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Salgado Kupper
- Department of Ophthalmology/Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Discipline Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Department of Ophthalmology/Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Discipline Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratory of Research in Virology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Santa Casa de São Paulo and HPV Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bravo IG, Félez-Sánchez M. Papillomaviruses: Viral evolution, cancer and evolutionary medicine. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:32-51. [PMID: 25634317 PMCID: PMC4356112 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a numerous family of small dsDNA viruses infecting virtually all mammals. PVs cause infections without triggering a strong immune response, and natural infection provides only limited protection against reinfection. Most PVs are part and parcel of the skin microbiota. In some cases, infections by certain PVs take diverse clinical presentations from highly productive self-limited warts to invasive cancers. We propose PVs as an excellent model system to study the evolutionary interactions between the immune system and pathogens causing chronic infections: genotypically, PVs are very diverse, with hundreds of different genotypes infecting skin and mucosa; phenotypically, they display extremely broad gradients and trade-offs between key phenotypic traits, namely productivity, immunogenicity, prevalence, oncogenicity and clinical presentation. Public health interventions have been launched to decrease the burden of PV-associated cancers, including massive vaccination against the most oncogenic human PVs, as well as systematic screening for PV chronic anogenital infections. Anti-PVs vaccines elicit protection against infection, induce cross-protection against closely related viruses and result in herd immunity. However, our knowledge on the ecological and intrapatient dynamics of PV infections remains fragmentary. We still need to understand how the novel anthropogenic selection pressures posed by vaccination and screening will affect viral circulation and epidemiology. We present here an overview of PV evolution and the connection between PV genotypes and the phenotypic, clinical manifestations of the diseases they cause. This differential link between viral evolution and the gradient cancer-warts-asymptomatic infections makes PVs a privileged playground for evolutionary medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio G Bravo
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Félez-Sánchez
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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