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Jiang Y, Zhang G, Li L, Chen J, Hao P, Gao Z, Hao J, Xu Z, Wang M, Li C, Jin N. A novel host restriction factor MRPS6 mediates the inhibition of PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381026. [PMID: 38919620 PMCID: PMC11196785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, capable of infecting both pigs and humans. To mitigate the risk of cross-species transmission and potential outbreaks, it is crucial to characterize novel antiviral genes, particularly those from human hosts. Methods This research used HIEC-6 to investigate PDCoV infection. HIEC-6 cells were infected with PDCoV. Samples were collected 48 h postinfection for proteomic analysis. Results We discovered differential expression of MRPS6 gene at 48 h postinfection with PDCoV in HIEC-6 cells. The gene expression initially increased but then decreased. To further explore the role of MRPS6 in PDCoV infection, we conducted experiments involving the overexpression and knockdown of this gene in HIEC-6 and Caco2 cells, respectively. Our findings revealed that overexpression of MRPS6 significantly inhibited PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells, while knockdown of MRPS6 in Caco2 cells led to a significant increase of virus titer. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between PDCoV infection and the expression of MRPS6. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that MRPS6 exerted an augmentative effect on the production of IFN-β through interferon pathway activation, consequently impeding the progression of PDCoV infection in cellular systems. In conclusion, this study utilized proteomic analysis to investigate the differential protein expression in PDCoV-infected HIEC-6 cells, providing evidence for the first time that the MRPS6 gene plays a restrictive role in PDCoV virus infection. Discussion Our findings initially provide the validation of MRPS6 as an upstream component of IFN-β pathway, in the promotion of IRF3, IRF7, STAT1, STAT2 and IFN-β production of HIEC-6 via dual-activation from interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Maopeng Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Fan YY, Chi Y, Chen N, Cuellar WJ, Wang XW. Role of aminopeptidase N-like in the acquisition of begomoviruses by Bemisia tabaci, the whitefly vector. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:707-719. [PMID: 38369384 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is a prominent causative agent of cassava mosaic disease in Asia and relies on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic complex for its transmission. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in SLCMV transmission by B. tabaci have yet to be understood. In this study, we identified an aminopeptidase N-like protein (BtAPN) in B. tabaci Asia II 1, an efficient vector of SLCMV, which is involved in the SLCMV transmission process. Through the use of glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and LC-MS/MS analysis, we demonstrated the interaction between BtAPN and the coat protein (CP) of SLCMV. This interaction was further confirmed in vitro, and we observed an induction of BtAPN gene expression following SLCMV infection. By interfering with the function of BtAPN, the quantities of SLCMV were significantly reduced in various parts of B. tabaci Asia II 1, including the whole body, midgut, hemolymph, and primary salivary gland. Furthermore, we discovered that BtAPN is conserved in B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and interacts with the CP of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus known to cause severe damage to tomato production. Blocking BtAPN with antibody led to a significant reduction in the quantities of TYLCV in whitefly whole body and organs/tissues. These results demonstrate that BtAPN plays a generic role in interacting with the CP of begomoviruses and positively regulates their acquisition by the whitefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Tianmushan National Nature Reserve Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chi
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wilmer J Cuellar
- Virology Laboratory, Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang HM, Qiao YY, Liu YG, Cai BY, Yang YL, Lu H, Tang YD. The N-glycosylation at positions 652 and 661 of viral spike protein negatively modulates porcine deltacoronavirus entry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1430113. [PMID: 38872801 PMCID: PMC11169894 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1430113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a highly conserved glycan modification that plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including protein folding, trafficking, and signal transduction. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) poses a newly emerging threat to the global porcine industry. The spike protein of PDCoV exhibits a high level of N-glycosylation; however, its role in viral infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied a lentivirus-based entry reporter system to investigate the role of N-glycosylation on the viral spike protein during PDCoV entry stage. Our findings demonstrate that N-glycosylation at positions 652 and 661 of the viral spike protein significantly reduces the infectivity of PDCoV pseudotyped virus. Overall, our results unveil a novel function of N-glycosylation in PDCoV infection, highlighting its potential for facilitating the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Qiao
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong-Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bing-Yan Cai
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yue-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Bai Y, Li S, Zhang M, Wei B, Wang X, Xue Y, Li L, Ma G, Tang Y, Wang X. An ascidian Polycarpa aurata-derived pan-inhibitor against coronaviruses targeting M pro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129706. [PMID: 38508325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are responsible for a wide range of illnesses in both animals and human. The main protease (Mpro) of CoVs is an attractive drug target, owing its critical and highly conserved role in viral replication. Here, we developed and refined an enzymatic technique to identify putative Mpro inhibitors from 189 marine chemicals and 46 terrestrial natural products. The IC50 values of Polycarpine (1a), a marine natural substance we studied and synthesized, are 30.0 ± 2.5 nM for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and 0.12 ± 0.05 μM for PEDV Mpro. Our research further demonstrated that pretreatment with Polycarpine (1a) inhibited the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and alphacoronavirus PEDV multiplication in Vero-E6 cells. As a result, Polycarpine (1a), a pan-inhibitor of Mpro, will function as an effective and promising antiviral option to combat CoVs infection and as a foundation for further therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guiliang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 5, Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Bai YZ, Sun Y, Liu YG, Zhang HL, An TQ, Wang Q, Tian ZJ, Qiao X, Cai XH, Tang YD. Minor envelope proteins from GP2a to GP4 contribute to the spread pattern and yield of type 2 PRRSV in MARC-145 cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1376725. [PMID: 38590440 PMCID: PMC10999527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1376725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines are widely used. These vaccines, which contain inactivated and live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), are produced by MARC-145 cells derived from the monkey kidney cell line. However, some PRRSV strains in MARC-145 cells have a low yield. Here, we used two type 2 PRRSV strains (CH-1R and HuN4) to identify the genes responsible for virus yield in MARC-145 cells. Our findings indicate that the two viruses have different spread patterns, which ultimately determine their yield. By replacing the viral envelope genes with a reverse genetics system, we discovered that the minor envelope proteins, from GP2a to GP4, play a crucial role in determining the spread pattern and yield of type 2 PRRSV in MARC-145 cells. The cell-free transmission pattern of type 2 PRRSV appears to be more efficient than the cell-to-cell transmission pattern. Overall, these findings suggest that GP2a to GP4 contributes to the spread pattern and yield of type 2 PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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Wang Y, Song J, Deng X, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu Y, Tang P, Liu H, Zhou Y, Tong G, Li G, Yu L. Nanoparticle vaccines based on the receptor binding domain of porcine deltacoronavirus elicit robust protective immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328266. [PMID: 38550592 PMCID: PMC10972852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus, challenges the global swine industry. Currently, there are no approaches preventing swine from PDCoV infection. Methods A new PDCoV strain named JS2211 was isolated. Next, the dimer receptor binding domain of PDCoV spike protein (RBD-dimer) was expressed using the prokaryotic expression system, and a novel nanoparticle containing RBD-dimer and ferritin (SC-Fe) was constructed using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system. Finally, the immunoprotection of RBD-Fe nanoparticles was evaluated in mice. Results The novel PDCoV strain was located in the clade of the late Chinese isolate strains and close to the United States strains. The RBD-Fe nanoparticles were successfully established. Immune responses of the homologous prime-boost regime showed that RBD-Fe nanoparticles efficiently elicited specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Notably, high level PDCoV RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody (NA) could be detected, and the histopathological results showed that PDCoV infection was dramatically reduced in mice immunized with RBD-Fe nanoparticles. Conclusion This study effectively developed a candidate nanoparticle with receptor binding domain of PDCoV spike protein that offers protection against PDCoV infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhan Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junna Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Tang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Li Z, Chen Y, Li L, Xue M, Feng L. Different Infectivity of Swine Enteric Coronaviruses in Cells of Various Species. Pathogens 2024; 13:174. [PMID: 38392912 PMCID: PMC10891669 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs), including porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), have caused high mortality in piglets and, therefore, pose serious threats to the pork industry. Coronaviruses exhibit a trend of interspecies transmission, and understanding the host range of SECoVs is crucial for improving our ability to predict and control future epidemics. Here, the replication of PDCoV, TGEV, and PEDV in cells from different host species was compared by measuring viral genomic RNA transcription and protein synthesis. We demonstrated that PDCoV had a higher efficiency in infecting human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK), Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK), and chicken embryonic fibroblast cells (DF-1) than PEDV and TGEV. Moreover, trypsin can enhance the infectivity of PDCoV to MDCK cells that are nonsusceptible to TGEV. Additionally, structural analyses of the receptor ectodomain indicate that PDCoV S1 engages Aminopeptidase N (APN) via domain II, which is highly conserved among animal species of different vertebrates. Our findings provide a basis for understanding the interspecies transmission potential of these three porcine coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Zhuang J, Yan Z, Zhou T, Li Y, Wang H. The role of receptors in the cross-species spread of coronaviruses infecting humans and pigs. Arch Virol 2024; 169:35. [PMID: 38265497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has proven capable of infecting over 30 animal species, highlights the critical need for understanding the mechanisms of cross-species transmission and the emergence of novel coronavirus strains. The recent discovery of CCoV-HuPn-2018, a recombinant alphacoronavirus from canines and felines that can infect humans, along with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pig cells, underscores the potential for coronaviruses to overcome species barriers. This review investigates the origins and cross-species transmission of both human and porcine coronaviruses, with a specific emphasis on the instrumental role receptors play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Huinuan Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Fu Z, Xiang Y, Fu Y, Su Z, Tan Y, Yang M, Yan Y, Baghaei Daemi H, Shi Y, Xie S, Sun L, Peng G. DYRK1A is a multifunctional host factor that regulates coronavirus replication in a kinase-independent manner. J Virol 2024; 98:e0123923. [PMID: 38099687 PMCID: PMC10805018 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01239-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a major threat to human and animal health worldwide, which complete viral replication by hijacking host factors. Identifying host factors essential for the viral life cycle can deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of virus-host interactions. Based on our previous genome-wide CRISPR screen of α-CoV transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), we identified the host factor dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), but not DYRK1B, as a critical factor in TGEV replication. Rescue assays and kinase inhibitor experiments revealed that the effect of DYRK1A on viral replication is independent of its kinase activity. Nuclear localization signal modification experiments showed that nuclear DYRK1A facilitated virus replication. Furthermore, DYRK1A knockout significantly downregulated the expression of the TGEV receptor aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) and inhibited viral entry. Notably, we also demonstrated that DYRK1A is essential for the early stage of TGEV replication. Transmission electron microscopy results indicated that DYRK1A contributes to the formation of double-membrane vesicles in a kinase-independent manner. Finally, we validated that DYRK1A is also a proviral factor for mouse hepatitis virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and porcine sapelovirus. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that DYRK1A is an essential host factor for the replication of multiple viruses, providing new insights into the mechanism of virus-host interactions and facilitating the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.IMPORTANCECoronaviruses, like other positive-sense RNA viruses, can remodel the host membrane to form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) as their replication organelles. Currently, host factors involved in DMV formation are not well defined. In this study, we used transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as a virus model to investigate the regulatory mechanism of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) on coronavirus. Results showed that DYRK1A significantly inhibited TGEV replication in a kinase-independent manner. DYRK1A knockout (KO) can regulate the expression of receptor aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) and endocytic-related genes to inhibit virus entry. More importantly, our results revealed that DYRK1A KO notably inhibited the formation of DMV to regulate the virus replication. Further data proved that DYRK1A is also essential in the replication of mouse hepatitis virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and porcine sapelovirus. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that DYRK1A is a conserved factor for positive-sense RNA viruses and provided new insights into its transcriptional regulation activity, revealing its potential as a candidate target for therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhelin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yubei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuejun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
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10
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Wu J, Tang R, Zhang X, Gao M, Guo L, Zhang L, Shi D, Zhang X, Shi H, Song H, Feng L, Chen J. IFITM3 restricts porcine deltacoronavirus infection by targeting its Spike protein. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109953. [PMID: 38118371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antiviral molecules is crucial for controlling porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Previous studies have provided evidence that the IFN-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), which is coded by an interferon-stimulated gene, prevents the infections of a number of enveloped viruses. Nevertheless, the involvement of IFITM3 in PDCoV infection remains unexplored. In this study, it was observed that the overexpression of IFITM3 successfully restrictes the infection of PDCoV in cell cultures. Conversely, the suppression of IFITM3 facilitates the infection of PDCoV in IPI-2I and IPEC-J2 cells. Further studies revealed that IFITM3 limits the attachment phase of viral infection by interacting with the S1 subunit of the PDCoV Spike (S) protein. In addition, IFITM3 is verified as a member of the CD225 family, the GxxxG conserved motif of this family is important for it to limit PDCoV infection. In summary, this study reveals the mechanism of IFITM3 as an antiviral molecule to inhibit PDCoV infection, and also provides theoretical supports for screening effective anti-PDCoV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Wu
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Rongfeng Tang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Mingzhe Gao
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Longjun Guo
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Da Shi
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongying Song
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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11
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Zhao Y, Yuan J, Xiao D, Zhang L, Li C, Hu J, Chen R, Song D, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Yan Q, Han X, Wen X, Cao S, Huang X. HSP90AB1 is a host factor that promotes porcine deltacoronavirus replication. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105536. [PMID: 38092149 PMCID: PMC10789647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus. It causes mortality in neonatal piglets and is of growing concern because of its broad host range, including humans. To date, the mechanism of PDCoV infection remains poorly understood. Here, based on a genome-wide CRISPR screen of PDCoV-infected cells, we found that HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B1) promotes PDCoV infection. Knockdown or KO of HSP90AB1 in LLC-PK cells resulted in a significantly suppressed PDCoV infection. Infected cells treated with HSP90 inhibitors 17-AAG and VER-82576 also showed a significantly suppressed PDCoV infection, although KW-2478, which does not affect the ATPase activity of HSP90AB1, had no effect on PDCoV infection. We found that HSP90AB1 interacts with the N, NS7, and NSP10 proteins of PDCoV. We further evaluated the interaction between N and HSP90AB1 and found that the C-tail domain of the N protein is the HSP90AB1-interacting domain. Further studies showed that HSP90AB1 protects N protein from degradation via the proteasome pathway. In summary, our results reveal a key role for HSP90AB1 in the mechanism of PDCoV infection and contribute to provide new host targets for PDCoV antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dai Xiao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingfei Hu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daili Song
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experiment Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China; National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experiment Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China; National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Li S, Xiao D, Zhang L, Chen R, Song D, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Yan Q, Cao S, Huang X. Porcine deltacoronavirus enters ST cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and does not require Rab5, Rab7, or Rab11. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0255323. [PMID: 37962380 PMCID: PMC10714841 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02553-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged enteric virus threatening pig industries worldwide. Our previous work showed that PDCoV enters porcine kidney (PK-15) cells through a caveolae-dependent pathway, but the entry mechanism for PDCoV into swine testicle (ST) cells remains unclear. Mechanisms of virus entry can be different with different virus isolates and cell types. Here, we determined that PDCoV enters ST cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Additionally, we found that PDCoV entry does not require Rab5, Rab7, or Rab11. These findings provide additional understanding of the entry mechanisms of PDCoV and possible antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dai Xiao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daili Song
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
- National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
- National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Fang P, Zhang H, Cheng T, Ding T, Xia S, Xiao W, Li Z, Xiao S, Fang L. Porcine deltacoronavirus accessory protein NS6 harnesses VPS35-mediated retrograde trafficking to facilitate efficient viral infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0095723. [PMID: 37815351 PMCID: PMC10617406 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00957-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Retrograde transport has been reported to be closely associated with normal cellular biological processes and viral replication. As an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus with zoonotic potential, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has attracted considerable attention. However, whether retrograde transport is associated with PDCoV infection remains unclear. Our present study demonstrates that retromer protein VPS35 acts as a critical host factor that is required for PDCoV infection. Mechanically, VPS35 interacts with PDCoV NS6, mediating the retrograde transport of NS6 from endosomes to the Golgi and preventing it from lysosomal degradation. Recombinant PDCoVs with an NS6 deletion display resistance to VPS35 deficiency. Our work reveals a novel evasion mechanism of PDCoV that involves the manipulation of the retrograde transport pathway by VPS35, providing new insight into the mechanism of PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huichang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - SiJin Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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14
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Gao F, Li P, Yin Y, Du X, Cao G, Wu S, Zhao Y. Molecular breeding of livestock for disease resistance. Virology 2023; 587:109862. [PMID: 37562287 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal infectious diseases pose a significant threat to the global agriculture and biomedicine industries, leading to significant economic losses and public health risks. The emergence and spread of viral infections such as African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and avian influenza virus (AIV) have highlighted the need for innovative approaches to develop resilient and disease-resistant animal populations. Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, offer a promising avenue for generating animals with enhanced disease resistance. This review summarizes recent advances in molecular breeding strategies for generating disease-resistant animals, focusing on the development of disease-resistant livestock. We also highlight the potential applications of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening and base editors in producing precise gene modified livestock for disease resistance in the future. Overall, gene editing technologies have the potential to revolutionize animal breeding and improve animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Gengsheng Cao
- Henan Livestock Genome Editing and Biobreeding Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Xia S, Xiao W, Zhu X, Liao S, Guo J, Zhou J, Xiao S, Fang P, Fang L. Porcine deltacoronavirus resists antibody neutralization through cell-to-cell transmission. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2207688. [PMID: 37125733 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteric coronavirus that has been reported to infect a variety of animals and even humans. Cell-cell fusion has been identified as an alternative pathway for the cell-to-cell transmission of certain viruses, but the ability of PDCoV to exploit this transmission model, and the relevant mechanisms, have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we provide evidence that cell-to-cell transmission is the main mechanism supporting PDCoV spread in cell culture and that this efficient spread model is mediated by spike glycoprotein-driven cell-cell fusion. We found that PDCoV efficiently spread to non-susceptible cells via cell-to-cell transmission, and demonstrated that functional receptor porcine aminopeptidase N and cathepsins in endosomes are involved in the cell-to-cell transmission of PDCoV. Most importantly, compared with non-cell-to-cell infection, the cell-to-cell transmission of PDCoV was resistant to neutralizing antibodies and immune sera that potently neutralized free viruses. Taken together, our study revealed key characteristics of the cell-to-cell transmission of PDCoV and provided new insights into the mechanism of PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuerui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shusen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Wang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Shan Q, Zhu Y, Xu C, Wang J. Prediction and Verification of Curcumin as a Potential Drug for Inhibition of PDCoV Replication in LLC-PK1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065870. [PMID: 36982944 PMCID: PMC10058215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that causes lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted from the rhizome of turmeric, which has a potential pharmacological value because it exhibits antiviral properties against several viruses. Here, we described the antiviral effect of curcumin against PDCoV. At first, the potential relationships between the active ingredients and the diarrhea-related targets were predicted through a network pharmacology analysis. Twenty-three nodes and 38 edges were obtained using a PPI analysis of eight compound-targets. The action target genes were closely related to the inflammatory and immune related signaling pathways, such as the TNF signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and so on. Moreover, IL-6, NR3C2, BCHE and PTGS2 were identified as the most likely targets of curcumin by binding energy and 3D protein-ligand complex analysis. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells at the time of infection in a dose-dependent way. In poly (I:C) pretreated LLC-PK1 cells, PDCoV reduced IFN-β production via the RIG-I pathway to evade the host's antiviral innate immune response. Meanwhile, curcumin inhibited PDCoV-induced IFN-β secretion by inhibiting the RIG-I pathway and reduced inflammation by inhibiting IRF3 or NF-κB protein expression. Our study provides a potential strategy for the use of curcumin in preventing diarrhea caused by PDCoV in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Chicken or Porcine Aminopeptidase N Mediates Cellular Entry of Pseudoviruses Carrying Spike Glycoprotein from the Avian Deltacoronaviruses HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17. J Virol 2023; 97:e0194722. [PMID: 36656013 PMCID: PMC9973037 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01947-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of deltacoronavirus (DCoV) have mostly been identified in diverse avian species as natural reservoirs, though the porcine DCoV (PDCoV) is a major swine enteropathogenic virus with global spread. The important role of aminopeptidase N (APN) orthologues from various mammalian and avian species in PDCoV cellular entry and interspecies transmission has been revealed recently. In this study, comparative analysis indicated that three avian DCoVs, bulbul DCoV HKU11, munia DCoV HKU13, and sparrow DCoV HKU17 (Chinese strain), and PDCoV in the subgenera Buldecovirus are grouped together at whole-genome levels; however, the spike (S) glycoprotein and its S1 subunit of HKU17 are more closely related to night heron DCoV HKU19 in Herdecovirus. Nevertheless, the S1 protein of HKU11, HKU13, or HKU17 bound to or interacted with chicken APN (chAPN) or porcine APN (pAPN) by flow cytometry analysis of cell surface expression of APN and by coimmunoprecipitation in APN-overexpressing cells. Expression of chAPN or pAPN allowed entry of pseudotyped lentiviruses with the S proteins from HKU11, HKU13 and HKU17 into nonsusceptible cells and natural avian and porcine cells, which could be inhibited by the antibody against APN or anti-PDCoV-S1. APN knockdown by siRNA or knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 in chicken or swine cell lines significantly or almost completely blocked infection of these pseudoviruses. Hence, we demonstrate that HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17 with divergent S genes likely engage chAPN or pAPN to enter the cells, suggesting a potential interspecies transmission from wild birds to poultry and from birds to mammals by certain avian DCoVs. IMPORTANCE The receptor usage of avian deltacoronaviruses (DCoVs) has not been investigated thus far, though porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been shown to utilize aminopeptidase N (APN) as a cell receptor. We report here that chicken or porcine APN also mediates cellular entry by three avian DCoV (HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17) spike pseudoviruses, and the S1 subunit of three avian DCoVs binds to APN in vitro and in the surface of avian and porcine cells. The results fill the gaps in knowledge about the avian DCoV receptor and elucidate important insights for the monitoring and prevention of potential interspecies transmission of certain avian DCoVs. In view of the diversity of DCoVs, whether this coronavirus genus will cause novel virus to emerge in other mammals from birds, are worthy of further surveillance and investigation.
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Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals a Role for SLC35A1 in the Adsorption of Porcine Deltacoronavirus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0162622. [PMID: 36453883 PMCID: PMC9769367 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01626-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, not only causes diarrhea in piglets but also possesses the potential to infect humans. To better understand host-virus genetic dependencies and find potential therapeutic targets for PDCoV, we used a porcine single-guide RNA (sgRNA) lentivirus library to screen host factors related to PDCoV infection in LLC-PK1 cells. The solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1), a key molecule in the sialic acid (SA) synthesis pathway, was identified as a host factor required for PDCoV infection. A knockout of SLC35A1 caused decreases in the amounts of cell surface sialic acid (SA) and viral adsorption; meanwhile, trypsin promoted the use of SA in PDCoV infection. By constructing and assessing a series of recombinant PDCoV strains with the deletion or mutation of possible critical domain or amino acid residues for SA binding in the S1 N-terminal domain, we found that S T182 might be a PDCoV SA-binding site. However, the double knockout of SLC35A1 and amino peptidase N (APN) could not block PDCoV infection completely. Additionally, we found that different swine enteric coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus, are differentially dependent on SA. Overall, our study uncovered a collection of host factors that can be exploited as drug targets against PDCoV infection and deepened our understanding of the relationship between PDCoV and SA. IMPORTANCE Identifying the host factors required for replication will be helpful to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms and develop antivirals against the emerging coronavirus porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Herein, we performed a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout screen, the results of which revealed that the solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1) is a host factor required for PDCoV infection that acts by regulating cell surface sialic acid (SA). We also identified the T182 site in the N-terminal domain of PDCoV S1 subunit as being associated with the SA-binding site and found that trypsin promotes the use of cell surface SA by PDCoV. Furthermore, different swine enteric coronaviruses use SLC35A1 differently for infection. This is the first study to screen host factors required for PDCoV replication using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 functional knockout, thereby providing clues for developing antiviral drugs against PDCoV infection.
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Hou W, Wang S, Wu H, Xue L, Wang B, Wang S, Wang H. Small GTPase-a Key Role in Host Cell for Coronavirus Infection and a Potential Target for Coronavirus Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092044. [PMID: 36146850 PMCID: PMC9504349 DOI: 10.3390/v14092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases are signaling molecules in regulating key cellular processes (e.g., cell differentiation, proliferation, and motility) as well as subcellular events (e.g., vesicle trafficking), making them key participants, especially in a great array of coronavirus infection processes. In this review, we discuss the role of small GTPases in the coronavirus life cycle, especially pre-entry, endocytosis, intracellular traffic, replication, and egress from the host cell. Furthermore, we also suggest the molecules that have potent adjuvant activity by targeting small GTPases. These studies provide deep insights and references to understand the pathogenesis of coronavirus as well as to propose the potential of small GTPases as targets for adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Sibei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Heqiong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Linli Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence:
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SARS-CoV-2 hijacks macropinocytosis to facilitate its entry and promote viral spike-mediated cell-to-cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102511. [PMID: 36259516 PMCID: PMC9484108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry and cell-to-cell spread might provide insights for understanding the underlying mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, tropism, and virulence. The signaling pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry and viral spike–mediated cell-to-cell fusion remain elusive. In the current study, we found that macropinocytosis inhibitors significantly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection at both the entry and viral spike–mediated cell-to-cell fusion steps. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 entry required the small GTPase Rac1 and its effector kinase p21-activated kinase 1 by dominant-negative and RNAi assays in human embryonic kidney 293T–angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cells and that the serine protease transmembrane serine protease 2 reversed the decrease in SARS-CoV-2 entry caused by the macropinocytosis inhibitors. Moreover, in the cell-to-cell fusion assay, we confirmed that macropinocytosis inhibitors significantly decreased viral spike–mediated cell-to-cell fusion. Overall, we provided evidence that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes a macropinocytosis pathway to enter target cells and to efficiently promote viral spike–mediated cell-to-cell fusion.
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Structures of a deltacoronavirus spike protein bound to porcine and human receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1467. [PMID: 35304871 PMCID: PMC8933513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) can experimentally infect a variety of animals. Human infection by PDCoV has also been reported. Consistently, PDCoV can use aminopeptidase N (APN) from different host species as receptors to enter cells. To understand this broad receptor usage and interspecies transmission of PDCoV, we determined the crystal structures of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of PDCoV spike protein bound to human APN (hAPN) and porcine APN (pAPN), respectively. The structures of the two complexes exhibit high similarity. PDCoV RBD binds to common regions on hAPN and pAPN, which are different from the sites engaged by two alphacoronaviruses: HCoV-229E and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV). Based on structure guided mutagenesis, we identified conserved residues on hAPN and pAPN that are essential for PDCoV binding and infection. We report the detailed mechanism for how a deltacoronavirus recognizes homologous receptors and provide insights into the cross-species transmission of PDCoV. As a potential zoonotic pathogen, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been shown to cause febrile illness in humans. Here, Ji et al. report the structures of PDCoV spike protein bound to porcine and human aminopeptidase receptors, pointing to the likely underlying mechanism of PDCoV zoonotic transmission.
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22
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Generation of Premature Termination Codon (PTC)-Harboring Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) via Genetic Code Expansion Technology. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030572. [PMID: 35336979 PMCID: PMC8950157 DOI: 10.3390/v14030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many efforts and diverse approaches, developing an effective herpesvirus vaccine remains a great challenge. Traditional inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines always raise efficacy or safety concerns. This study used Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a swine herpes virus, as a model. We attempted to develop a live but replication-incompetent PRV by genetic code expansion (GCE) technology. Premature termination codon (PTC) harboring PRV was successfully rescued in the presence of orthogonal system MbpylRS/tRNAPyl pair and unnatural amino acids (UAA). However, UAA incorporating efficacy seemed extremely low in our engineered PRV PTC virus. Furthermore, we failed to establish a stable transgenic cell line containing orthogonal translation machinery for PTC virus replication, and we demonstrated that orthogonal tRNAPyl is a key limiting factor. This study is the first to demonstrate that orthogonal translation system-mediated amber codon suppression strategy could precisely control PRV-PTC engineered virus replication. To our knowledge, this is the first reported PTC herpesvirus generated by GCE technology. Our work provides a proof-of-concept for generating UAAs-controlled PRV-PTC virus, which can be used as a safe and effective vaccine.
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Current Status of Genetically Modified Pigs That Are Resistant to Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020417. [PMID: 35216010 PMCID: PMC8874825 DOI: 10.3390/v14020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs play an important role in agriculture and biomedicine. The globally developing swine industry must address the challenges presented by swine-origin viruses, including ASFV (African swine fever virus), PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus), PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), PRV (pseudorabies virus), CSFV (classical swine fever virus), TGEV (transmissible gastroenteritis virus), et al. Despite sustained efforts by many government authorities, these viruses are still widespread. Currently, gene-editing technology has been successfully used to generate antiviral pigs, which offers the possibility for increasing animal disease tolerance and improving animal economic traits in the future. Here, we summarized the current advance in knowledge regarding the host factors in virus infection and the current status of genetically modified pigs that are resistant to virus infection in the world. There has not been any report on PEDV-resistant pigs, ASFV-resistant pigs, and PRV-resistant pigs owing to the poor understanding of the key host factors in virus infection. Furthermore, we summarized the remaining problems in producing virus-resistant pigs, and proposed several potential methods to solve them. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening to explore the key host receptors in virus infection may be a feasible method. At the same time, exploring the key amino acids of host factors in virus infection with library screening based on ABEs and CBEs (Bes) may provide creative insight into producing antiviral pigs in the future.
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Zhang YY, Sun MX, Lian Y, Wang TY, Jia MY, Leng C, Chen M, Bai YZ, Meng F, Cai XH, Tang YD. CRISPR-Cas13d Exhibits Robust Antiviral Activity Against Seneca Valley Virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835040. [PMID: 35237251 PMCID: PMC8882862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Seneca Valley virus (SVV) as a newly identified pathogen of porcine vesicular disease spread quickly and has posed a potential threat to the swine industry in several countries resulting in economic losses. Considering the evolution of SVV, attention should be given to controlling SVV epidemics. So far there are no commercial vaccines or drugs available to combat SVV. Therefore, development of strategies for preventing and controlling SVV infection should be taken into account. In the current study, we evaluated whether the CRISPR-Cas13d system could be used as a powerful tool against SVV infection. Besides, selected crRNAs showed different capacity against SVV infection. Our study suggests the CRISPR-Cas13d system significantly inhibited SVV replication and exhibited potent anti-SVV activity. This knowledge may provide a novel alternative strategy to control epidemics of SVV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuexiao Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mei-Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-Zhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fandan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Fandan Meng,
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Xue-Hui Cai,
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Dong Tang, ;
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Duan C. An Updated Review of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Terms of Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis and Antiviral Strategy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:811187. [PMID: 35097055 PMCID: PMC8792470 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.811187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent experience with SARS-COV-2 has raised our alarm about the cross-species transmissibility of coronaviruses and the emergence of new coronaviruses. Knowledge of this family of viruses needs to be constantly updated. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a newly emerging member of the genus Deltacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, is a swine enteropathogen that causes diarrhea in pigs and may lead to death in severe cases. Since PDCoV diarrhea first broke out in the United States in early 2014, PDCoV has been detected in many countries, such as South Korea, Japan and China. More importantly, PDCoV can also infect species other than pigs, and infections have even been reported in children, highlighting its potential for cross-species transmission. A thorough and systematic knowledge of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PDCoV will not only help us control PDCoV infection, but also enable us to discover the common cellular pathways and key factors of coronaviruses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the prevalence, pathogenicity and infection dynamics, pathogenesis and immune evasion strategies of PDCoV. The existing anti-PDCoV strategies and corresponding mechanisms of PDCoV infection are also introduced, aiming to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV and zoonotic diseases.
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Kong F, Wang Q, Kenney SP, Jung K, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Porcine Deltacoronaviruses: Origin, Evolution, Cross-Species Transmission and Zoonotic Potential. Pathogens 2022; 11:79. [PMID: 35056027 PMCID: PMC8778258 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine that causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. PDCoV was first reported in Hong Kong in 2012 and its etiological features were first characterized in the United States in 2014. Currently, PDCoV is a concern due to its broad host range, including humans. Chickens, turkey poults, and gnotobiotic calves can be experimentally infected by PDCoV. Therefore, as discussed in this review, a comprehensive understanding of the origin, evolution, cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential of epidemic PDCoV strains is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott P. Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.P.K.); (K.J.); (A.N.V.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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