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Walsh JML, Miao VN, Owings AH, Tang Y, Bromley JD, Kazer SW, Kimler K, Asare C, Ziegler CGK, Ibrahim S, Jivanjee T, George M, Navia AW, Drake RS, Parker A, Billingsley BC, Dotherow P, Tarugu S, Kota SK, Laird H, Wichman TG, Davis YT, Dhaliwal NS, Pride Y, Guo Y, Senitko M, Harvey J, Bates JT, Diamond G, Garrett MR, Robinson DA, Frame IJ, Lyons JJ, Robinson TO, Shalek AK, Horwitz BH, Glover SC, Ordovas-Montanes J. Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol 2025; 26:294-307. [PMID: 39833605 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-02052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2hi cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases. Delta-infected samples had a marked increase in viral RNA, and a subset of PER2+EGR1+GDF15+ epithelial cells was enriched in SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ cells in all variants. Prior vaccination was associated with increased frequency and activation of nasal macrophages. Expression of interferon-stimulated genes negatively correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity in patients with ancestral and Delta but not Omicron variants. Our study defines nasal cell responses and signatures of disease severity across SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M L Walsh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vincent N Miao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna H Owings
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Bromley
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel W Kazer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Kimler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsea Asare
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samira Ibrahim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tasneem Jivanjee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Micayla George
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew W Navia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Riley S Drake
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Parker
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Paul Dotherow
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Spurthi Tarugu
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sai K Kota
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hannah Laird
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - T Grant Wichman
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yesenia T Davis
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Neha S Dhaliwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yilianys Pride
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yanglin Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michal Senitko
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jessie Harvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John T Bates
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - D Ashley Robinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I J Frame
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya O Robinson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C Glover
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Chen DD, Zhang JX, Li ZC, Zhang C, Xu X, Cui BJ, Xu N, Wang YY, Zhou CJ, Zhou L, Lu LF, Li S. Ammonium chloride mitigates the amplification of fish virus by blocking autophagy-dependent replication. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2025; 214:265-277. [PMID: 40073239 DOI: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Ammonia fertilizer, primarily composed of ammonium chloride, is widely used in pond fish farming throughout Asia. Despite the belief that it possesses antiviral properties, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has been demonstrated to act as a potent inhibitor of autophagy, which is used by many fish viruses to promote their proliferation during infection. It was therefore hypothesized that the antiviral effect of ammonia fertilizers was likely due to the inhibition of autophagy in viruses. The present study sought to evaluate the antiviral effect of NH4Cl in a model of several fish cells and zebrafish. The findings demonstrated that the administration of NH4Cl after viral infection inhibited the proliferation of a variety of fish viruses, encompassing both DNA and RNA viruses. Further studies have indicated that NH4Cl obstructed autophagy-dependent virus proliferation of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) by inhibiting autophagic flux. The molecular mechanism revealed that SVCV contributed to the polyubiquitination of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and promoted the degradation of IRF3 through cargo receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62)-mediated selective autophagy. However, NH4Cl was observed to inhibit SVCV-mediated selective autophagy of IRF3, thereby facilitating the production of interferon. Furthermore, the SVCV N protein was of critical importance in this process. Nevertheless, NH4Cl impeded this degradation process by inhibiting the autophagy pathway. The study found that NH4Cl was highly efficacious in controlling fish virus infection both in vivo and in vitro. It can therefore be concluded that the antiviral effect of ammonia fertilizers was, at least in part, due to the inhibition of viral autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo-Cong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao-Jie Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Jing Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
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Lin Y, Zhu Y, Jing L, Lei X, Xie Z. Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1484119. [PMID: 39917304 PMCID: PMC11798991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1484119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases, caused by numerous viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), enterovirus (EV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV), pose a continuous threat to global health. As obligate parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate, and host cells have developed numerous defense mechanisms to counteract viral infection. Host restriction factors (HRFs) are critical components of the early antiviral response. These cellular proteins inhibit viral replication and spread by impeding essential steps in the viral life cycle, such as viral entry, genome transcription and replication, protein translation, viral particle assembly, and release. This review summarizes the current understanding of how host restriction factors inhibit viral replication, with a primary focus on their diverse antiviral mechanisms against a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, enteroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of these factors in shaping the host-virus interactions and discuss their potential as targets for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jing
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang B, Xia H, Peng BH, Choi EJ, Tian B, Xie X, Makino S, Bao X, Shi PY, Menachery V, Wang T. Pellino-1, a therapeutic target for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. Antiviral Res 2025; 233:106059. [PMID: 39689784 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced expression of Pellino-1 (Peli1), a ubiquitin ligase is known to be associated with COVID-19 susceptibility. The underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we report that mice deficient in Peli1 (Peli1-/-) had reduced viral load and attenuated inflammatory immune responses and tissue damage in the lung following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overexpressing Peli1 in 293 T cells increased SARS-CoV-2 infection via promoting virus replication and transcription, without affecting virus attachment and entry into the cells. Smaducin-6 treatment which is known to disrupt Peli1-mediated NF-KB activation, attenuated inflammatory immune responses in human lung epithelial cells as well as in the lung of K18-hACE2 mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection, though it had minimal effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human nasal epithelial cells. Overall, our findings suggest that Peli1 contributes to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by promoting virus replication and positively regulating virus-induced inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells. Peli1 is a therapeutic target to control SARS-CoV-2 -induced disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hongjie Xia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bi-Hung Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, USA
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vineet Menachery
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Okura T, Takahashi T, Kameya T, Mizukoshi F, Nakai Y, Kakizaki M, Nishi M, Otsuki N, Kimura H, Miyakawa K, Shirato K, Kamitani W, Ryo A. MARCH8 Restricts RSV Replication by Promoting Cellular Apoptosis Through Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis of Viral SH Protein. Viruses 2024; 16:1935. [PMID: 39772241 PMCID: PMC11680241 DOI: 10.3390/v16121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Numerous host factors function as intrinsic antiviral effectors to attenuate viral replication. MARCH8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been identified as a host restriction factor that inhibits the replication of various viruses. This study elucidated the mechanism by which MARCH8 restricts respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication through selective degradation of the viral small hydrophobic (SH) protein. We demonstrated that MARCH8 directly interacts with RSV-SH and catalyzes its ubiquitination at lysine 13, leading to SH degradation via the ubiquitin-lysosomal pathway. Functionally, MARCH8 expression enhances RSV-induced apoptosis through SH degradation, ultimately reducing viral titers. Conversely, an RSV strain harboring the SH-K13R mutation exhibited prolonged SH protein stability and attenuated apoptosis in infected cells, even in the presence of MARCH8. Targeted depletion of MARCH8 enhances cellular survival and potentially increases viral persistence. These findings demonstrate that MARCH8 promotes the early elimination of virus-infected cells by abrogating the anti-apoptotic function of SH, thereby reducing viral transmission. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay between host restriction factors and viral evasion strategies, potentially providing new therapeutic approaches for RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okura
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Tatsuki Takahashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (T.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Taichi Kameya
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Chuo-ku 259-1146, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fuminori Mizukoshi
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Masatoshi Kakizaki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki 370-0006, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shirato
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (T.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (F.M.); (Y.N.); (M.K.); (M.N.); (N.O.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
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6
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Dickenson RE, Pellon A, Ponde NO, Hepworth O, Daniels Gatward LF, Naglik JR, Moyes DL. EGR1 regulates oral epithelial cell responses to Candida albicans via the EGFR- ERK1/2 pathway. Virulence 2024; 15:2435374. [PMID: 39635778 PMCID: PMC11622614 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2435374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a fungal pathobiont colonizing mucosal surfaces of the human body, including the oral cavity. Under certain predisposing conditions, C. albicans invades mucosal tissues activating EGFR-MAPK signalling pathways in epithelial cells via the action of its peptide toxin candidalysin. However, our knowledge of the epithelial mechanisms involved during C. albicans colonization is rudimentary. Here, we describe the role of the transcription factor early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) in human oral epithelial cells (OECs) in response to C. albicans. EGR1 expression increases in OECs when exposed to C. albicans independently of fungal viability, morphology, or candidalysin release, suggesting EGR1 is involved in the fundamental recognition of C. albicans, rather than in response to invasion or "pathogenesis." Upregulation of EGR1 is mediated by EGFR via Raf1, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signalling but not PI3K/mTOR signalling. Notably, EGR1 mRNA silencing impacts on anti-C. albicans immunity, reducing GM-CSF, IL-1α and IL-1β release, and increasing IL-6 and IL-8 production. These findings identify an important role for EGR1 in priming epithelial cells to respond to subsequent invasive infection by C. albicans and elucidate the regulation circuit of this transcription factor after contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Dickenson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Aize Pellon
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nicole O. Ponde
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Hepworth
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lydia F. Daniels Gatward
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David L. Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Bang W, Kim J, Seo K, Lee J, Han JH, Park D, Cho JH, Shin D, Kim KH, Song MJ, Ahn JH. Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein dimerization by ISGylation and its counteraction by viral PLpro. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1490944. [PMID: 39512937 PMCID: PMC11540652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1490944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein modification by the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (ISGylation) plays a crucial role in the immunological defense against viral infection. During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, innate immune signaling proteins are ISGylated, facilitating innate immunity. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins are direct substrates for ISGylation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins undergo ISGylation and whether ISGylation affects viral protein function. Co-transfection ISGylation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 proteins showed that the nucleocapsid (N) protein is ISGylated at several sites. Herc5 promoted N ISGylation and interacted with N, indicating that Herc5 acts as an E3 ligase for N ISGylation. Lys-261 (K261) within the oligomerization domain of N was identified as a potential ISGylation site that is necessary for efficient ISGylation of N. K261 is positioned at the center of the dimer interface in the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain dimer and the ISGylated form of N showed reduced protein dimerization in pull-down analysis. Importantly, a recombinant virus expressing K261R mutant N showed enhanced resistance to interferon-β treatment compared to its parental virus. We also found that viral PLpro removes conjugated ISG15 from N. Our findings demonstrate that ISGylation of SARS-CoV-2 N inhibits protein dimerization, resulting in viral growth more susceptible to type I interferon responses, and that viral PLpro counteracts this ISG15-mediated antiviral activity by removing conjugated ISG15 from N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Bang
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghun Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegyu Park
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Liu N, Wang S, Li M, Zhao N, Wang D, Zhang R, Yu M, Zhao L, Zhang S, Han F, Zhao Y, Liu Q. BET degrader exhibits lower antiproliferative activity than its inhibitor via EGR1 recruiting septins to promote E2F1-3 transcription in triple-negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107377. [PMID: 39209080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins serve as primary readers of acetylated lysine residues and play crucial roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulation of BET proteins has been implicated in tumorigenesis, making them important therapeutic targets. BET-bromodomain (BD) inhibitors and BET-targeting degraders have been developed to inhibit BET proteins. In this study, we found that the BET inhibitor MS645 exhibited superior antiproliferative activity than BET degraders including ARV771, AT1, MZ1 and dBET1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Treatment with MS645 led to the dissociation of BETs, MED1 and RNA polymerase II from the E2F1-3 promoter, resulting in the suppression of E2F1-3 transcription and subsequent inhibition of cell growth in TNBC. In contrast, while ARV771 displaced BET proteins from chromatin, it did not significantly alter E2F1-3 expression. Mechanistically, ARV771 induced BRD4 depletion at protein level, which markedly increased EGR1 expression. This elevation of EGR1 subsequently recruited septin 2 and septin 9 to E2F1-3 promoters, enhancing E2F1-3 transcription and promoting cell proliferation rate in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide valuable insights into differential mechanisms of BET inhibition and highlight potential of developing BET-targeting molecules as therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Munan Li
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Luoyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Fangbin Han
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
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9
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Zhu J, Liu G, Sayyad Z, Goins CM, Stauffer SR, Gack MU. ISGylation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein by HERC5 impedes N oligomerization and thereby viral RNA synthesis. J Virol 2024; 98:e0086924. [PMID: 39194248 PMCID: PMC11406920 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00869-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently conjugated to host immune proteins such as MDA5 and IRF3 in a process called ISGylation, thereby promoting type I IFN induction to limit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be directly targeted for ISGylation remains elusive. In this study, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a major substrate of ISGylation catalyzed by the host E3 ligase HERC5; however, N ISGylation is readily removed through deISGylation by the papain-like protease (PLpro) activity of NSP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that the N protein undergoes ISGylation at four lysine residues (K266, K355, K387, and K388), and mutational analysis of these sites in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon (N-4KR) abolished N ISGylation and alleviated ISGylation-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that HERC5 targets preferentially phosphorylated N protein for ISGylation to regulate its oligomeric assembly. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the host ISGylation machinery directly targets SARS-CoV-2 proteins to restrict viral replication and illuminate how an intricate interplay of host (HERC5) and viral (PLpro) enzymes coordinates viral protein ISGylation and thereby regulates virus replication.IMPORTANCEThe role of protein ISGylation in regulating host cellular processes has been studied extensively; however, how ISG15 conjugation influences the activity of viral proteins, particularly coronaviral proteins, is largely unknown. Our study uncovered that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is ISGylated by the HERC5 ISGylation machinery and that this modification impedes the functional assembly of N into oligomers ultimately inhibiting viral RNA synthesis. This antiviral restriction mechanism is antagonized by the PLpro deISGylation activity of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3. This study deepens our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 protein regulation by posttranslational modifications and may open new avenues for designing antiviral strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zuberwasim Sayyad
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
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Li P, Liu M, He WM. Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Reciprocal Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multi-Organ Dysfunction, Especially the Correlation of Renal Failure and COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:960. [PMID: 39202702 PMCID: PMC11355357 DOI: 10.3390/life14080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in extensive health challenges globally. While SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, clinical studies have revealed that it could also affect multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, and brain, leading to severe complications. To unravel the intricate molecular interactions between the virus and host tissues, we performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis to investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various organs, with a particular focus on the relationship between renal failure and COVID-19. A comparative analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 triggers a systemic immune response in the brain, heart, and kidney tissues, characterized by significant upregulation of cytokine and chemokine secretion, along with enhanced migration of lymphocytes and leukocytes. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 could also induce tissue-specific transcriptional profiling. More importantly, single-cell sequencing revealed that COVID-19 patients with renal failure exhibited lower metabolic activity in lung epithelial and B cells, with reduced ligand-receptor interactions, especially CD226 and ICAM, suggesting a compromised immune response. A trajectory analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients with renal failure exhibited less mature alveolar type 1 cells. Furthermore, these patients showed potential fibrosis in the hearts, liver, and lung increased extracellular matrix remodeling activities. However, there was no significant metabolic dysregulation in the liver of COVID-19 patients with renal failure. Candidate drugs prediction by Drug Signatures database and LINCS L1000 Antibody Perturbations Database underscored the importance of considering multi-organ effects in COVID-19 management and highlight potential therapeutic strategies, including targeting viral entry and replication, controlling tissue fibrosis, and alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Li
- Capricorn Partner, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meng Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ming He
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Zhu J, Liu G, Goins CM, Stauffer SR, Gack MU. ISGylation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein by HERC5 impedes N oligomerization and thereby viral RNA synthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594393. [PMID: 39149229 PMCID: PMC11326284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently conjugated to host (immune) proteins such as MDA5 and IRF3 in a process called ISGylation, thereby limiting the replication of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be directly targeted for ISGylation remains elusive. In this study, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a major substrate of ISGylation catalyzed by the host E3 ligase HERC5; however, N ISGylation is readily removed through de-ISGylation by the papain-like protease (PLpro) activity of NSP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that the N protein undergoes ISGylation at four lysine residues (K266, K355, K387 and K388), and mutational analysis of these sites in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon (N-4KR) abolished N ISGylation and alleviated ISGylation-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that HERC5 targets preferentially phosphorylated N protein for ISGylation to regulate its oligomeric assembly. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the host ISGylation machinery directly targets SARS-CoV-2 proteins to restrict viral replication and illuminate how an intricate interplay of host (HERC5) and viral (PLpro) enzymes coordinates viral protein ISGylation and thereby regulates virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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12
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Zhao Y, Che L, Pan M, Huang Y, Fang S, Wang M, Sui L, Wang ZD, Du F, Hou Z, Liu Q. Hantaan virus inhibits type I interferon response by targeting RLR signaling pathways through TRIM25. Virology 2024; 589:109942. [PMID: 38048647 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is responsible for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), primarily due to its ability to inhibit host innate immune responses, such as type I interferon (IFN-I). In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis to identify host factors regulated by HTNV nucleocapsid protein (NP) and glycoprotein. Our findings demonstrate that NP and Gc proteins inhibit host IFN-I production by manipulating the retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathways. Further analysis reveals that HTNV NP and Gc proteins target upstream molecules of MAVS, such as RIG-I and MDA-5, with Gc exhibiting stronger inhibition of IFN-I responses than NP. Mechanistically, NP and Gc proteins interact with tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25) to competitively inhibit its interaction with RIG-I/MDA5, suppressing RLR signaling pathways. Our study unveils a cross-talk between HTNV NP/Gc proteins and host immune response, providing valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanism of HTNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lihe Che
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingming Pan
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shu Fang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liyan Sui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China; School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, China.
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