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Wang L, Shi W, Aziz A, Wang X, Liu H, Shen W, Cui H, Dai Z. Mutating the arginine residue within the FRNK motif of telosma mosaic virus (TelMV) HC-Pro protein attenuates viral infection and confers effective protection against TelMV in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38895838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telosma mosaic virus (TelMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) is an emerging viral pathogen that threatens passion fruit plantations worldwide. However, an efficient strategy for controlling such a virus is not yet available. Cross protection is a phenomenon in which pre-infection of a plant with one mild strain prevents or delays subsequent infection by the same or closely related virus. HC-Pro is the potyviral encoded multifunctional protein involved in several steps of viral infection, including multiplication, movement, transmission and RNA silencing suppression. In this study, we tested whether it is possible to generate attenuated viral strains capable of conferring protection against severe TelMV infection by manipulating the HC-Pro gene. RESULTS By introducing point mutation into the conserved motif FRNK of HC-Pro that is essential for RNA silencing suppression, we have successfully obtained three attenuated mutants of TelMV (R181K, R181D, and R181E, respectively). These attenuated TelMV mutants could systemically infect passion fruit plants without noticeable symptoms. Pre-inoculation of one of these attenuated mutants confers efficient protection against subsequent infection by severe TelMV strain. Moreover, we demonstrated that the HC-Pros harbored by the attenuated mutants exhibit reduced RNA silencing suppression activity in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. CONCLUSION The attenuated TelMV mutants developed in this study that are suitable for cross protection offer a practical, powerful tool to fight against TelMV for sustainable passion fruit production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Asma Aziz
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haobin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Xu XJ, Sun XJ, Liu CJ, Chen XZ, Zhu Q, Tian YP, Li XD. Development of an attenuated potato virus Y mutant carrying multiple mutations in helper-component protease for cross-protection. Virus Res 2024; 344:199369. [PMID: 38608732 PMCID: PMC11035042 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the major cash crops in China. Potato virus Y (PVY), a representative member of the genus Potyvirus, greatly reduces the quality and yield of tobacco leaves by inducing veinal necrosis. Mild strain-mediated cross-protection is an attractive method of controlling diseases caused by PVY. Currently, there is a lack of effective and stable attenuated PVY mutants. Potyviral helper component-protease (HC-Pro) is a likely target for the development of mild strains. Our previous studies showed that the residues lysine at positions 124 and 182 (K124 and K182) in HC-Pro were involved in PVY virulence, and the conserved KITC motif in HC-Pro was involved in aphid transmission. In this study, to improve the stability of PVY mild strains, K at position 50 (K50) in KITC motif, K124, and K182 were separately substituted with glutamic acid (E), leucine (L), and arginine (R), resulting in a triple-mutant PVY-HCELR. The mutant PVY-HCELR had attenuated virulence and did not induce leaf veinal necrosis symptoms in tobacco plants and could not be transmitted by Myzus persicae. Furthermore, PVY-HCELR mutant was genetically stable after six serial passages, and only caused mild mosaic symptoms in tobacco plants even at 90 days post inoculation. The tobacco plants cross-protected by PVY-HCELR mutant showed high resistance to the wild-type PVY. This study showed that PVY-HCELR mutant was a promising mild mutant for cross-protection to control PVY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China; Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xu-Jie Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Ju Liu
- Weifang Tobacco Corporation, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Xiu-Zhai Chen
- Linyi Tobacco Corporation, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Hýsková V, Bělonožníková K, Chmelík J, Hoffmeisterová H, Čeřovská N, Moravec T, Ryšlavá H. Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1236. [PMID: 38732454 PMCID: PMC11085613 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The best-characterized functional motifs of the potyviral Helper-Component protease (HC-Pro) responding for aphid transmission, RNA silencing suppression, movement, symptom development, and replication are gathered in this review. The potential cellular protein targets of plant virus proteases remain largely unknown despite their multifunctionality. The HC-Pro catalytic domain, as a cysteine protease, autoproteolytically cleaves the potyviral polyproteins in the sequence motif YXVG/G and is not expected to act on host targets; however, 146 plant proteins in the Viridiplantae clade containing this motif were searched in the UniProtKB database and are discussed. On the other hand, more than 20 interactions within the entire HC-Pro structure are known. Most of these interactions with host targets (such as the 20S proteasome, methyltransferase, transcription factor eIF4E, and microtubule-associated protein HIP2) modulate the cellular environments for the benefit of virus accumulation or contribute to symptom severity (interactions with MinD, Rubisco, ferredoxin) or participate in the suppression of RNA silencing (host protein VARICOSE, calmodulin-like protein). On the contrary, the interaction of HC-Pro with triacylglycerol lipase, calreticulin, and violaxanthin deepoxidase seems to be beneficial for the host plant. The strength of these interactions between HC-Pro and the corresponding host protein vary with the plant species. Therefore, these interactions may explain the species-specific sensitivity to potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
| | - Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
| | - Josef Chmelík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hoffmeisterová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Noemi Čeřovská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
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4
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Tatineni S, Alexander J, Kovacs F. The HC-Pro cistron of Triticum mosaic virus is dispensable for systemic infection in wheat but is required for symptom phenotype and efficient genome amplification. Virus Res 2024; 339:199277. [PMID: 38008221 PMCID: PMC10730876 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), the type species of the genus Poacevirus in the family Potyviridae, is an economically important wheat curl mite-transmitted wheat-infecting virus in the Great Plains region of the USA. In this study, the functional genomics of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) encoded by TriMV was examined using a reverse genetics approach. TriMV with complete deletion of HC-Pro cistron elicited systemic infection in wheat, indicating that HC-Pro cistron is dispensable for TriMV systemic infection. However, TriMV lacking HC-Pro caused delayed systemic infection with mild symptoms that resulted in little or no stunting of plants with a significant reduction in the accumulation of genomic RNA copies and coat protein (CP). Sequential deletion mutagenesis from the 5' end of HC-Pro cistron in the TriMV genome revealed that deletions within amino acids 3 to 25, except for amino acids 3 and 4, elicited mild symptoms with reduced accumulation of genomic RNA and CP. Surprisingly, TriMV with deletion of amino acids 3 to 50 or 3 to 125 in HC-Pro elicited severe symptoms with a substantial increase in genomic RNA copies but a drastic reduction in CP accumulation. Additionally, TriMV with heterologous HC-Pro from other potyvirids produced symptom phenotype and genomic RNA accumulation similar to that of TriMV without HC-Pro, suggesting that HC-Pros of other potyvirids were not effective in complementing TriMV in wheat. Our data indicate that HC-Pro is expendable for replication of TriMV but is required for efficient viral genomic RNA amplification and symptom development. The availability of TriMV with various deletions in the HC-Pro cistron will facilitate the examination of the requirement of HC-Pro for wheat curl mite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Alexander
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Frank Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
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5
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Mäkinen K, Aspelin W, Pollari M, Wang L. How do they do it? The infection biology of potyviruses. Adv Virus Res 2023; 117:1-79. [PMID: 37832990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - William Aspelin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Pollari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Goh R, Xie X, Lin Y, Cheng H, Raja JAJ, Yeh S. Rapid selection of potyviral cross-protection effective mutants from the local lesion host after nitrous acid mutagenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:973-988. [PMID: 37158451 PMCID: PMC10346369 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) seriously damages cucurbits worldwide. Control of ZYMV by cross-protection has been practised for decades, but selecting useful mild viruses is time-consuming and laborious. Most attenuated potyviruses used for cross-protection do not induce hypersensitive reaction (HR) in Chenopodium quinoa, a local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa. Here, severe ZYMV TW-TN3 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), designated ZG, was used for nitrous acid mutagenesis. From three trials, 11 mutants were identified from fluorescent spots without HR in inoculated C. quinoa leaves. Five mutants caused attenuated symptoms in squash plants. The genomic sequences of these five mutants revealed that most of the nonsynonymous changes were located in the HC-Pro gene. The replacement of individual mutated HC-Pros in the ZG backbone and an RNA silencing suppression (RSS) assay indicated that each mutated HC-Pro is defective in RSS function and responsible for reduced virulence. Four mutants provided high degrees of protection (84%-100%) against severe virus TW-TN3 in zucchini squash plants, with ZG 4-10 being selected for removal of the GFP tag. After removal of the GFP gene, Z 4-10 induced symptoms similar to ZG 4-10 and still provided 100% protection against TW-TN3 in squash, thus is considered not a genetically engineered mutant. Therefore, using a GFP reporter to select non-HR mutants of ZYMV from C. quinoa leaves is an efficient way to obtain beneficial mild viruses for cross-protection. This novel approach is being applied to other potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reun‐Ping Goh
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Xing‐Yun Xie
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Chi Lin
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hao‐Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shyi‐Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant PathologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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7
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Sharma S, Sett S, Das T, Prasad A, Prasad M. Recent perspective of non-coding RNAs at the nexus of plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107852. [PMID: 37356385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants are exploited by pathogens in biotrophic or necrotrophic ways. Concurrently, plants have evolved their defense systems for rapid perception of pathogenic effectors and begin concerted cellular reprogramming pathways to confine the pathogens at the entry sites. During the reorganization of cellular signaling mechanisms following pathogen attack, non-coding RNAs serves an indispensable role either as a source of resistance or susceptibility. Besides the well-studied functions of non-coding RNAs related to plant development and abiotic stress responses, previous and recent discoveries have established that non-coding RNAs like miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs and phasi-RNAs can fine tune plant defense responses by targeting various signaling pathways. In this review, recapitulation of previous reports associated with non-coding RNAs as a defense responder against virus, bacteria and fungus attacks and insightful discussion will lead us to conceive innovative ideas to fight against approaching threats of resistant breaking pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susmita Sett
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tuhin Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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8
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Do DH, Nguyen TBN, Ha VC, Raja JAJ, Yeh SD. Generation of Attenuated Passiflora Mottle Virus Through Modification of the Helper Component Protease for Cross Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1605-1614. [PMID: 37019906 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0007-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora mottle virus (PaMoV), an aphid-borne potyvirus, is the primary causal virus of devastating passionfruit woodiness disease in Vietnam. Here we generated a nonpathogenic, attenuated PaMoV strain for disease control by cross protection. A full-length genomic cDNA of PaMoV strain DN4 from Vietnam was constructed to generate an infectious clone. The green fluorescent protein was tagged at the N-terminal region of the coat protein gene to monitor in planta the severe PaMoV-DN4. Two amino acids within the conserved motifs of helper component protease (HC-Pro) of PaMoV-DN4 were mutated individually or in combination as K53E or/and R181I. Mutants PaMoV-E53 and PaMoV-I181 induced local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa plants, while PaMoV-E53I181 caused infection without apparent symptoms. In passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) plants, PaMoV-E53 elicited severe leaf mosaic and PaMoV-I181 induced leaf mottling, while PaMoV-E53I181 caused transient mottling followed by symptomless recovery. PaMoV-E53I181 was stable after six serial passages in yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) plants. Its temporal accumulation levels were lower than those of the wild type, with a zigzag accumulation pattern, typical of a beneficial protective virus. An RNA silencing suppression (RSS) assay revealed that all three mutated HC-Pros are defective in RSS. Triplicated cross-protection experiments with a total of 45 plants showed that the attenuated mutant PaMoV-E53I181 provided a high protection rate (91%) against the homologous wild-type virus in passionfruit plants. This work revealed that PaMoV-E53I181 can be used as a protective virus to control PaMoV by cross protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Hung Do
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Plant Pathology Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Joseph A J Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Overseas Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kim H, Kawakubo S, Takahashi H, Masuta C. Two mutually exclusive evolutionary scenarios for allexiviruses that overcome host RNA silencing and autophagy by regulating viral CRP expression. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011457. [PMID: 37379324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Allexivirus currently includes eight virus species that infect allium plants. Previously, we showed that there are two distinct groups of allexiviruses (deletion [D]-type and insertion [I]-type) based on the presence or absence of a 10- to 20-base insert (IS) between the coat protein (CP) and cysteine rich protein (CRP) genes. In the present study of CRPs to analyze their functions, we postulated that evolution of allexiviruses may have been largely directed by CRPs and thus proposed two evolutionary scenarios for allexiviruses based mainly on the presence or absence of IS and determined by how the allexiviruses challenge host resistance mechanisms (RNA silencing and autophagy). We found that both CP and CRP are RNA silencing suppressors (RSS), that they can inhibit each other's RSS activity in the cytoplasm, and that CRP becomes a target of host autophagy in the cytoplasm but not CP. To mitigate CRP interference with CP, and to increase the CP's RSS activity, allexiviruses developed two strategies: confinement of D-type CRP in the nucleus and degradation of I-type CRP by autophagy in the cytoplasm. Here, we demonstrate that viruses of the same genus achieve two completely different evolutionary scenarios by controlling expression and subcellular localization of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangil Kim
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Kawakubo
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruna Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Japan
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Hu W, Dai Z, Liu P, Deng C, Shen W, Li Z, Cui H. The Single Distinct Leader Protease Encoded by Alpinia oxyphylla Mosaic Virus (Genus Macluravirus) Suppresses RNA Silencing Through Interfering with Double-Stranded RNA Synthesis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1103-1114. [PMID: 36576401 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0371-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The genomic 5'-terminal regions of viruses in the family Potyviridae (potyvirids) encode two types of leader proteases: serine-protease (P1) and cysteine-protease (HCPro), which differ greatly in the arrangement and sequence composition among inter-genus viruses. Most potyvirids have the same tandemly arranged P1 and HCPro, whereas viruses in the genus Macluravirus encode a single distinct leader protease, a truncated version of HCPro with yet-unknown functions. We investigated the RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity and its underpinning mechanism of the distinct HCPro from alpinia oxyphylla mosaic macluravirus (aHCPro). Sequence analysis revealed that macluraviral HCPros have obvious truncations in the N-terminal and middle regions when aligned to their counterparts in potyviruses (well-characterized viral suppressors of RNA silencing). Nearly all defined elements essential for the RSS activity of potyviral counterparts are not distinguished in macluraviral HCPros. Here, we demonstrated that aHCPro exhibits a similar anti-silencing activity with the potyviral counterpart. However, aHCPro fails to block both the local and systemic spreading of RNA silencing. In line, aHCPro interferes with the dsRNA synthesis, an upstream step in the RNA silencing pathway. Affinity-purification and NanoLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that aHCPro has no association with core components or their potential interactors involving in dsRNA synthesis from the protein layer. Instead, the ectopic expression of aHCPro significantly reduces the transcript abundance of RDR2, RDR6, SGS3, and SDE5. This study represents the first report on the anti-silencing function of Macluravirus-encoded HCPro and the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Hu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Peilan Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Changhui Deng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Zengping Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education) and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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11
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Atabekova AK, Solovieva AD, Chergintsev DA, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY. Role of Plant Virus Movement Proteins in Suppression of Host RNAi Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109049. [PMID: 37240394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the systems of plant defense against viral infection is RNA silencing, or RNA interference (RNAi), in which small RNAs derived from viral genomic RNAs and/or mRNAs serve as guides to target an Argonaute nuclease (AGO) to virus-specific RNAs. Complementary base pairing between the small interfering RNA incorporated into the AGO-based protein complex and viral RNA results in the target cleavage or translational repression. As a counter-defensive strategy, viruses have evolved to acquire viral silencing suppressors (VSRs) to inhibit the host plant RNAi pathway. Plant virus VSR proteins use multiple mechanisms to inhibit silencing. VSRs are often multifunctional proteins that perform additional functions in the virus infection cycle, particularly, cell-to-cell movement, genome encapsidation, or replication. This paper summarizes the available data on the proteins with dual VSR/movement protein activity used by plant viruses of nine orders to override the protective silencing response and reviews the different molecular mechanisms employed by these proteins to suppress RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Atabekova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D Solovieva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A Chergintsev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Tran TTY, Cheng HW, Nguyen VH, Yeh SD. Modification of the Helper Component Proteinase of Papaya Ringspot Virus Vietnam Isolate to Generate Attenuated Mutants for Disease Management by Cross Protection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:334-344. [PMID: 36129763 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0168-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) production is seriously limited by papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) worldwide, including in Vietnam. Control of PRSV by cross protection is dependent on the availability of effective mild strains. Here, an infectious cDNA clone was constructed from PRSV isolate TG5 from South Vietnam. Site-directed mutagenesis with point mutations on the essential motifs of the helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) was performed, with or without deleting five amino acids (d5) from its N-terminal region. Mutants TG-d5, TG-d5I7, and TG-d5L206 containing d5, d5 + F7I, and d5 + F206L, respectively, induced mild mottling followed by symptomless recovery on papaya and infected Chenopodium quinoa without lesion formation. Each mutant accumulated in papaya at reduced levels with a zigzag pattern and was stable beyond six monthly passages. The cross-protection effectiveness of the three mutants in papaya against TG5 was investigated, each with 60 plants from three independent trials. The results showed that each mutant provided complete protection (100%) against TG5, 1 month after the challenge inoculation, as verified by the lack of severe symptoms and lack of local lesions in C. quinoa. Further tests revealed that TG-d5I7 also confers high levels of protection against other severe PRSV isolates from South Vietnam, including isolates DN (97%) and ST2 (50%). However, TG-d5I7 is ineffective or less effective (0 to 33%) against seven other severe PRSV strains from different geographic origins, including the isolate HN from North Vietnam. Our results indicate that the protection by the three mutants is highly strain-specific and suitable for the control of PRSV in South Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thu-Yen Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Van-Hoa Nguyen
- Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tiengiang, Vietnam
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Vietnam Overseas Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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13
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Hong SF, Fang RY, Wei WL, Jirawitchalert S, Pan ZJ, Hung YL, Pham TH, Chiu YH, Shen TL, Huang CK, Lin SS. Development of an assay system for the analysis of host RISC activity in the presence of a potyvirus RNA silencing suppressor, HC-Pro. Virol J 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36650505 PMCID: PMC9844029 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the mechanism of RNA silencing suppression, the genetic transformation of viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) in Arabidopsis integrates ectopic VSR expression at steady state, which overcomes the VSR variations caused by different virus infections or limitations of host range. Moreover, identifying the insertion of the transgenic VSR gene is necessary to establish a model transgenic plant for the functional study of VSR. METHODS Developing an endogenous AGO1-based in vitro RNA-inducing silencing complex (RISC) assay prompts further investigation into VSR-mediated suppression. Three P1/HC-Pro plants from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (P1/HC-ProTu), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) (P1/HC-ProZy), and tobacco etch virus (TEV) (P1/HC-ProTe) were identified by T-DNA Finder and used as materials for investigations of the RISC cleavage efficiency. RESULTS Our results indicated that the P1/HC-ProTu plant has slightly lower RISC activity than P1/HC-ProZy plants. In addition, the phenomena are consistent with those observed in TuMV-infected Arabidopsis plants, which implies that HC-ProTu could directly interfere with RISC activity. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated the application of various plant materials in an in vitro RISC assay of VSR-mediated RNA silencing suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Fei Hong
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Ru-Ying Fang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Wei
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Supidcha Jirawitchalert
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Jun Pan
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Hung
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Thanh Ha Pham
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Chiu
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan ,grid.453140.70000 0001 1957 0060Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, 427 Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Center of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kang Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Center of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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14
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Akbarimotlagh M, Azizi A, Shams-Bakhsh M, Jafari M, Ghasemzadeh A, Palukaitis P. Critical points for the design and application of RNA silencing constructs for plant virus resistance. Adv Virus Res 2023; 115:159-203. [PMID: 37173065 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Control of plant virus diseases is a big challenge in agriculture as is resistance in plant lines to infection by viruses. Recent progress using advanced technologies has provided fast and durable alternatives. One of the most promising techniques against plant viruses that is cost-effective and environmentally safe is RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), a technology that could be used alone or along with other control methods. To achieve the goals of fast and durable resistance, the expressed and target RNAs have been examined in many studies, with regard to the variability in silencing efficiency, which is regulated by various factors such as target sequences, target accessibility, RNA secondary structures, sequence variation in matching positions, and other intrinsic characteristics of various small RNAs. Developing a comprehensive and applicable toolbox for the prediction and construction of RNAi helps researchers to achieve the acceptable performance level of silencing elements. Although the attainment of complete prediction of RNAi robustness is not possible, as it also depends on the cellular genetic background and the nature of the target sequences, some important critical points have been discerned. Thus, the efficiency and robustness of RNA silencing against viruses can be improved by considering the various parameters of the target sequence and the construct design. In this review, we provide a comprehensive treatise regarding past, present and future prospective developments toward designing and applying RNAi constructs for resistance to plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Akbarimotlagh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolbaset Azizi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Masoud Shams-Bakhsh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department of Plant Protection, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Aysan Ghasemzadeh
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticulture Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Nishiguchi M, Ali ME, Kaya T, Kobayashi K. Plant virus disease control by vaccination and transgenic approaches: Current status and perspective. PLANT RNA VIRUSES 2023:373-424. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95339-9.00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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16
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Fang M, Yu J, Kwak HR, Kim KH. Identification of viral genes involved in pepper mottle virus replication and symptom development in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048074. [PMID: 36388582 PMCID: PMC9650420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) infects primarily Capsicum species, including pepper and bell pepper which are important vegetable and spice crops in Korea. We have previously collected 13 PepMoV isolates from nine regions comprising five provinces, causing different symptoms on inoculated indicator host plants in Korea. To further identify the responsible symptom determinant(s) and explore viral protein functions of PepMoV, two out of 13 isolates, including 134 and 205136, were used in this study. Isolate 134 causes necrosis and yellowing, while 205136 causes severe mottle and yellowing symptoms on Nicotiana benthamiana. All chimeric and site-directed mutants contain the PepMoV 134 genome as a backbone with specific regions switched for those from counterparts of PepMoV 205136. Effects of all mutants compared with 134 after inoculation onto N. benthamiana by agroinfiltration. Results from our study provide direct evidence that the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) and the nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb)-coat protein (CP) regions are involved in virus accumulation and symptom determinants. In addition, we mapped to amino acid residues tyrosine, glycine, and leucine at position 360, 385, and 527, respectively, in the HC-Pro region participate in faster viral accumulation or movement in the plant. The residue valine at position 2773 of NIb plays an essential role in isolate 134 symptom development. As part of this study, we seek to gain insight into viral factors involved in the PepMoV infection cycle and a better understanding of plant-virus interactions. These findings complement the insufficiency of the gene function study of the PepMoV virus and provide a novel perspective for the protein function study of the Potyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Fang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisuk Yu
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kwak
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Saha S, Lõhmus A, Dutta P, Pollari M, Mäkinen K. Interplay of HCPro and CP in the Regulation of Potato Virus A RNA Expression and Encapsidation. Viruses 2022; 14:1233. [PMID: 35746704 PMCID: PMC9227828 DOI: 10.3390/v14061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviral coat protein (CP) and helper component-proteinase (HCPro) play key roles in both the regulation of viral gene expression and the formation of viral particles. We investigated the interplay between CP and HCPro during these viral processes. While the endogenous HCPro and a heterologous viral suppressor of gene silencing both complemented HCPro-less potato virus A (PVA) expression, CP stabilization connected to particle formation could be complemented only by the cognate PVA HCPro. We found that HCPro relieves CP-mediated inhibition of PVA RNA expression likely by enabling HCPro-mediated sequestration of CPs to particles. We addressed the question about the role of replication in formation of PVA particles and gained evidence for encapsidation of non-replicating PVA RNA. The extreme instability of these particles substantiates the need for replication in the formation of stable particles. During replication, viral protein genome linked (VPg) becomes covalently attached to PVA RNA and can attract HCPro, cylindrical inclusion protein and host proteins. Based on the results of the current study and our previous findings we propose a model in which a large ribonucleoprotein complex formed around VPg at one end of PVA particles is essential for their integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.S.); (A.L.); (P.D.); (M.P.)
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18
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Mendoza AR, Margaria P, Nagata T, Winter S, Blawid R. Characterization of yam mosaic viruses from Brazil reveals a new phylogenetic group and possible incursion from the African continent. Virus Genes 2022; 58:294-307. [PMID: 35538384 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important crop for smallholder farmers in the Northeast region of Brazil. Wherever yam is grown, diseases caused by yam mosaic virus (YMV) are prevalent. In the present study, the diversity of YMV infecting Dioscorea cayennensis-rotundata was analyzed. In addition, five species of Dioscorea (D. alata, D. altissima, D. bulbifera, D. subhastata, and D. trifida) commonly found in Brazil were analyzed using ELISA and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). YMV was detected only in D. cayennensis-rotundata, of which 66.7% of the samples tested positive in ELISA. Three YMV genome sequences were assembled from HTS and one by Sanger sequencing to group the sequences in a clade phylogenetically distinct from YMV from other origins. Temporal phylogenetic analyses estimated the mean evolutionary rate for the CP gene of YMV as 1.76 × 10-3 substitutions per site per year, and the time to the most recent common ancestor as 168.68 years (95% Highest Posterior Density, HPD: 48.56-363.28 years), with a most likely geographic origin in the African continent. The data presented in this study contribute to reveal key aspects of the probable epidemiological history of YMV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Risco Mendoza
- Department of Agronomy, Fitossanidade, Laboratory of Phytovirology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. .,Department of Plant Pathology, Agronomy Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru.
| | - Paolo Margaria
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Virology, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Stephan Winter
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Rosana Blawid
- Department of Agronomy, Fitossanidade, Laboratory of Phytovirology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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19
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Del Toro F, Sun H, Robinson C, Jiménez Á, Covielles E, Higuera T, Aguilar E, Tenllado F, Canto T. In planta vs viral expression of HCPro affects its binding of nonplant 21-22 nucleotide small RNAs, but not its preference for 5'-terminal adenines, or its effects on small RNA methylation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2266-2281. [PMID: 34942019 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found a correlation between the abilities of PVX vector-expressed HCPro variants to bind small RNAs (sRNAs), and to suppress silencing. Moreover, HCPro preferred to bind viral sRNAs of 21-22 nucleotides (nt) containing 5'-terminal adenines. This would require such viral sRNAs to have either different access to the suppressor than those of plant sequences, or different molecular properties. To investigate this preference further, we have used suppressor-competent or suppressor-deficient HCPro variants, expressed from either T-DNAs or potyvirus constructs. Then, the sRNAs generated in plants and associated with the purified HCPro variants were characterized. Marked differences were observed in the ratios of sRNAs of plant vs nonplant origin that bound to suppressor-competent HCPro, depending on the mode of its expression. Regardless of the means of expression, HCPro retained the same preference among the nonplant sRNAs of 21-22 nt for those with 5'-terminal adenines. Relative methylation levels of individual sRNAs were assessed, and the nonplant sRNAs were found to be significantly less methylated in the presence of the suppressor. Targeted binding of sRNAs based on size, 5'-terminal sequence and origin, together with affecting their methylation, could explain how HCPro counteracts silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Del Toro
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Robinson
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Álvaro Jiménez
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Eva Covielles
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Tomás Higuera
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Aguilar
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Tomás Canto
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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20
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Gao L, Wu Y, An J, Huang W, Liu X, Xue Y, Luan X, Lin F, Sun L. Pathogenicity and genome-wide sequence analysis reveals relationships between soybean mosaic virus strains. Arch Virol 2022; 167:517-529. [PMID: 35024966 PMCID: PMC8755985 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent viral pathogen in soybean. In China, the SMV strains SC and N are used simultaneously in SMV resistance assessments of soybean cultivars, but the pathogenic relationship between them is unclear. In this study, SMV strains N1 and N3 were found to be the most closely related to SC18. Moreover, N3 was found to be more virulent than N1. A global pathotype classification revealed the highest level of genetic diversity in China. The N3 type was the most frequent and widespread worldwide, implying that SMV possibly originated in China and spread across continents through the dissemination of infected soybean. It also suggests that the enhanced virulence of N3 facilitated its spread and adaptability in diverse geographical and ecological regions worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis revealed prominent geographical associations among SMV strains/isolates, and genomic nucleotide diversity analysis and neutrality tests demonstrated that the whole SMV genome is under negative selection, with the P1 gene being under the greatest selection pressure. The results of this study will facilitate the nationwide use of SMV-resistant soybean germplasm and could provide useful insights into the molecular variability, geographical distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary history of SMV around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 102442, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yueying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie An
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yongguo Xue
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luan
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lianjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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21
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Xu XJ, Zhu Q, Jiang SY, Yan ZY, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. Development and Evaluation of Stable Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Mild Mutants for Cross-Protection Against Infection by Severe Strain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788963. [PMID: 34975975 PMCID: PMC8718998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; genus Potyvirus) induces maize dwarf mosaic disease that has caused serious yield losses of maize in China. Cross-protection is one of the efficient strategies to fight against severe virus strains. Although many mild strains have been identified, the spontaneous mutation is one of the challenging problems affecting their application in cross-protection. In this study, we found that the substitution of cysteine (C) at positions 57 or 60 in the zinc finger-like motif of HC-Pro with alanine (A; C57A or C60A) significantly reduced its RNA silencing suppression activity and SCMV virulence. To reduce the risk of mild strains mutating to virulent ones by reverse or complementary mutations, we obtained attenuated SCMV mutants with double-mutations in the zinc finger-like and FRNK motifs of HC-Pro and evaluated their potential application in cross-protection. The results showed that the maize plants infected with FKNK/C60A double-mutant showed symptomless until 95 days post-inoculation and FKNK/C60A cross-protected plants displayed high resistance to severe SCMV strain. This study provides theoretical and material bases for the control of SCMV through cross-protection.
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22
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Kumari R, Kumar S, Leibman D, Abebie B, Shnaider Y, Ding S, Gal‐On A. Cucumber RDR1s and cucumber mosaic virus suppressor protein 2b association directs host defence in cucumber plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1317-1331. [PMID: 34355485 PMCID: PMC8518566 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) regulate important aspects of plant development and resistance to pathogens. The role of RDRs in virus resistance has been demonstrated using siRNA signal amplification and through the methylation of viral genomes. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has four RDR1 genes that are differentially induced during virus infection: CsRDR1a, CsRDR1b, and duplicated CsRDR1c1/c2. The mode of action of CsRDR1s during viral infection is unknown. Transient expression of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-2b protein (the viral suppressor of RNA silencing) in cucumber protoplasts induced the expression of CsRDR1c, but not of CsRDR1a/1b. Results from the yeast two-hybrid system showed that CsRDR1 proteins interacted with CMV-2b and this was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. In protoplasts, CsRDR1s localized in the cytoplasm as punctate spots. Colocalization experiments revealed that CsRDR1s and CMV-2b were uniformly dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, suggesting that CsRDR1s are redistributed as a result of interactions. Transient overexpression of individual CsRDR1a/1b genes in protoplasts reduced CMV accumulation, indicating their antiviral role. However, overexpression of CsRDR1c in protoplasts resulted in relatively higher accumulation of CMV and CMVΔ2b. In single cells, CsRDR1c enhances viral replication, leading to CMV accumulation and blocking secondary siRNA amplification of CsRDR1c by CMV-2b protein. This suggests that CMV-2b acts as both a transcription factor that induces CsRDR1c (controlling virus accumulation) and a suppressor of CsRDR1c activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Kumari
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
- College of Horticulture and ForestryDr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and ForestryMandiIndia
| | - Surender Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
- Plant Virology Lab, Biotechnology DivisionCSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampurIndia
| | - Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Bekele Abebie
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Yulia Shnaider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Shou‐Wei Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology & Institute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amit Gal‐On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
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23
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Igori D, Cho HS, Kim HS, Park JM, Lee HJ, Kwon SY, Moon JS. Complete genome sequence and genome organization of scorzonera virus A (SCoVA), a novel member of the genus Potyvirus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2901-2904. [PMID: 34363533 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomic sequence of scorzonera virus A (SCoVA) from a Scorzonera austriaca Willd. plant in South Korea was determined by high-throughput sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The SCoVA genome contains 9867 nucleotides, excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail. The SCoVA genome structure is typical of potyviruses and contains a single open reading frame encoding a large putative polyprotein of 3168 amino acids. Pairwise comparison analysis of the complete genome and polyprotein sequences of SCoVA with those of other potyviruses showed that they shared the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequences identity (54.47% and 49.57%, respectively) with those of lettuce mosaic virus (GenBank accession number KJ161185). Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequence of the polyprotein confirmed that SCoVA belongs to the genus Potyvirus. These findings suggest that SCoVA should be considered a novel member of the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaajargal Igori
- Department of Biology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Differences in Virulence among PVY Isolates of Different Geographical Origins When Infecting an Experimental Host under Two Growing Environments Are Not Determined by HCPro. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061086. [PMID: 34071353 PMCID: PMC8228399 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the HCPro factors expressed by several PVY isolates of different geographical origins (one from Scotland, one from Spain, and several from Tunisia) to differences in their virulence in Nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated under two growing conditions: standard (st; 26 °C and current ambient levels of CO2), and climate change-associated (cc; 31 °C and elevated levels of CO2). In all cases, relative infection symptoms and viral titers were determined. The viral HCPro cistrons were also sequenced and amino-acid features of the encoded proteins were established, as well as phylogenetic distances. Additionally, the abilities of the HCPros of several isolates to suppress silencing were assessed under either growing condition. Overall, viral titers and infection symptoms decreased under cc vs. st conditions. However, within each growing condition, relative titers and symptoms were found to be isolate-specific, with titers and symptom severities not always correlating. Crucially, isolates expressing identical HCPros displayed different symptoms. In addition, all HCPro variants tested displayed comparable silencing suppression strengths. Therefore, HCPro alone could not be the main determinant of the relative differences in pathogenicity observed among the PVY isolates tested in this host, under the environments considered.
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25
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Alinizi HR, Mehrvar M, Zakiaghl M. Analysis of the molecular and biological variability of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolates from Iran and Iraq. Gene 2021; 788:145674. [PMID: 33887370 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During the growing season of 2018, several field-grown cucurbit plants in different parts of Iraq and Iran were surveyed for the presence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), using two degenerate primer pairs (CIF/Rev and NIb2F/3R) targeting the two separated partial regions of the potyvirus genome (CI and NIb respectively). 7 out of 20 samples were confirmed to be infected with ZYMV. Phylogenetic analyses based on the CI gene grouped all Iranian and two Iraqi (ZYMV1 and ZYMV2) isolates together with isolates from the Middle East in the subgroup (AI), whereas the other Iraqi (ZYMV3 and ZYMV4) isolates were clustered in the subgroup (DI), which was only consisted of American isolates. The highest and lowest identity between the studied isolates and the GenBank isolates showed that the two genes (CI, NIb) of each isolate particularly the Iraqi isolates were more similar to a specific and geographically scattered mosaic of worldwide isolates, suggestive of mixed infection might have occurred between different worldwide isolates in Iraq. Furthermore, the first complete nucleotide sequence of an Iraqi ZYMV (ZYMV-Iq) isolate was done, using the Illumina sequencing technique. The complete nucleotide sequence of ZYMV-Iq isolate was 9650 nt, excluding the 3'poly (A) tail. ZYMV-Iq isolate shared the highest nt identity of 98.8% with an American (KC665630) isolate. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full genome sequence placed ZYMV-Iq in subgroup A of group I alongside 18 isolates from the US and two isolates from Australia. In addition, recombination analysis detected lone significant recombination between ZYMV-Iq and South Korean (AY279000) isolate. Moreover, the results showed that symptom intensity was varied across experimental host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder R Alinizi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrvar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zakiaghl
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Mostert I, Bester R, Aldrich D, Visser M, Gazendam I, Cloete M, Maree HJ, Burger JT. Complete genome sequence of ornithogalum virus 3. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1213-1216. [PMID: 33502594 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ornithogalum thyrsoides, a widely cultivated bulbous ornamental plant endemic to South Africa, has significant commercial value as a pot plant and for the production of cut flowers. However, infection by viruses threatens the success of commercial cultivation, as symptoms negatively affect the appearance of the plant and flowers. To date, four Ornithogalum-infecting viruses have been reported. Complete genome sequence data are available for three of these viruses, but the genome of the potyvirus ornithogalum virus 3 (OV3) has not been fully sequenced. In this study, the complete sequence of OV3 was determined by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and validated by Sanger sequencing. Based on recognition of protease cleavage patterns and multiple sequence alignments with closely related viruses, the polyprotein of OV3 was predicted to be proteolytically cleaved to produce 10 mature peptides containing domains conserved in members of the genus Potyvirus. Phylogenetic analysis and species demarcation criteria confirm the previous classification of OV3 as a member of a separate species in this genus. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of OV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mostert
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - R Bester
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Aldrich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Visser
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - I Gazendam
- Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Cloete
- Agricultural Research Council-Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H J Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
- Citrus Research International, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - J T Burger
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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27
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Complete genome sequence of pleioblastus mosaic virus, a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:645-649. [PMID: 33386489 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pleioblastus mosaic virus (PleMV) is a tentative member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae and was discovered in bamboo with mosaic symptoms in Tokyo, Japan. Since no information on the genome sequence of PleMV has been reported, its taxonomic position has long been uncertain. Here, we report the first complete genome sequences of two distinct PleMV isolates. Excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, their genomic RNA sequences consist of 9,634 and 9,643 nucleotides (nt); both contain a large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein and a small ORF termed PIPO. The large ORFs of the two isolates share 79.2% and 87.6% sequence identity at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) level, respectively, and were found to have the highest nt and aa sequence identity (69.0% and 69.9%) to the potyvirus johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV). Phylogenetic analysis showed that PleMV is most closely related to JGMV but forms its own clade. These results suggest that PleMV is a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus.
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Lee YS, Maple R, Dürr J, Dawson A, Tamim S, Del Genio C, Papareddy R, Luo A, Lamb JC, Amantia S, Sylvester AW, Birchler JA, Meyers BC, Nodine MD, Rouster J, Gutierrez-Marcos J. A transposon surveillance mechanism that safeguards plant male fertility during stress. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:34-41. [PMID: 33398155 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although plants are able to withstand a range of environmental conditions, spikes in ambient temperature can impact plant fertility causing reductions in seed yield and notable economic losses1,2. Therefore, understanding the precise molecular mechanisms that underpin plant fertility under environmental constraints is critical to safeguarding future food production3. Here, we identified two Argonaute-like proteins whose activities are required to sustain male fertility in maize plants under high temperatures. We found that MALE-ASSOCIATED ARGONAUTE-1 and -2 associate with temperature-induced phased secondary small RNAs in pre-meiotic anthers and are essential to controlling the activity of retrotransposons in male meiocyte initials. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed how male-associated Argonaute activity and its interaction with retrotransposon RNA targets is modulated through the dynamic phosphorylation of a set of highly conserved, surface-located serine residues. Our results demonstrate that an Argonaute-dependent, RNA-guided surveillance mechanism is critical in plants to sustain male fertility under environmentally constrained conditions, by controlling the mutagenic activity of transposons in male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Robert Maple
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Julius Dürr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Saleh Tamim
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Charo Del Genio
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Ranjith Papareddy
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anding Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jonathan C Lamb
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- BayerCrop Science Division, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefano Amantia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anne W Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - James A Birchler
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Nodine
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Yin Z, Xie F, Michalak K, Zhang B, Zimnoch-Guzowska E. Reference gene selection for miRNA and mRNA normalization in potato in response to potato virus Y. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 55:101691. [PMID: 33358935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This was the first report on evaluating candidate reference genes for quantifying the expression profiles of both coding (e.g., mRNA) and non-coding (e.g., miRNA) genes in potato response to potato virus Y (PVY) inoculation. The reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was employed to quantify the expression profiles of eight selected candidate reference genes; their expression stability was analyzed by four statistical algorithms, i.e., geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder and RefFinder. The most stable reference genes were sEF1a, sTUBb and seIF5 with a high stability. The least stable ones were sPP2A, sSUI1 and sGAPDH. The same reference gene allows for normalization of both miRNA and mRNA levels from a single RNA sample using cDNAs synthesized in a single RT reaction, in which a stem-loop primer was used for miRNAs and the oligo (dT) for mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yin
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, Młochów, PL-05-831, Poland.
| | - Fuliang Xie
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Krystyna Michalak
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, Młochów, PL-05-831, Poland
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, Młochów, PL-05-831, Poland
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30
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Wang D, Cui L, Pei Y, Ma Z, Shen S, Long D, Li L, Niu Y. Characterization of a Strain of Malva Vein Clearing Virus in Alcea rosea via Deep Sequencing. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:468-475. [PMID: 33082731 PMCID: PMC7542035 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2020.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Malva vein clearing virus (MVCV) is a member of the Potyvirus species, and has a negative impact on the aesthetic development of Alcea rosea. It was first reported in Germany in 1957, but its complete genome sequence data are still scarce. In the present work, A. rosea leaves with vein-clearing and mosaic symptoms were sampled and analyzed with small RNA deep sequencing. By denovo assembly the raw sequences of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRs) and whole genome amplification of malva vein cleaning virus SX strain (MVCV-SX) by specific primers targeting identified contig gaps, the full-length genome sequences (9,645 nucleotides) of MVCV-SX were characterized, constituting of an open reading frame that is long enough to encode 3,096 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MVCV-SX was clustered with euphorbia ringspot virus and yam mosaic virus. Further analyses of the vsiR profiles revealed that the most abundant MVCV-vsiRs were between 21 and 22 nucleotides in length and a strong bias was found for "A" and "U" at the 5'-terminal residue. The results of polarity assessment indicated that the amount of sense strand was almost equal to that of the antisense strand in MVCV-vsiRs, and the main hot-spot region in MVCV-SX genome was found at cylindrical inclusion. In conclusion, our findings could provide new insights into the RNA silencing-mediated host defence mechanism in A. rosea infected with MVCV-SX, and offer a basis for the prevention and treatment of this virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yanni Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
| | - Zhennan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
| | - Shaofei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
| | - Dandan Long
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
| | - Yanbing Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 03080, China
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31
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Pollari M, De S, Wang A, Mäkinen K. The potyviral silencing suppressor HCPro recruits and employs host ARGONAUTE1 in pro-viral functions. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008965. [PMID: 33031436 PMCID: PMC7575100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a novel pro-viral role for the Nicotiana benthamiana ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) in potyvirus infection. AGO1 strongly enhanced potato virus A (PVA) particle production and benefited the infection when supplied in excess. We subsequently identified the potyviral silencing suppressor, helper-component protease (HCPro), as the recruiter of host AGO1. After the identification of a conserved AGO1-binding GW/WG motif in potyviral HCPros, we used site-directed mutagenesis to introduce a tryptophan-to-alanine change into the HCPro (HCProAG) of PVA (PVAAG) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMVAG). AGO1 co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation with PVA HCPro was significantly reduced by the mutation suggesting the interaction was compromised. Although the mutation did not interfere with HCPro's complementation or silencing suppression capacity, it nevertheless impaired virus particle accumulation and the systemic spread of both PVA and TuMV. Furthermore, we found that the HCPro-AGO1 interaction was important for AGO1's association with the PVA coat protein. The coat protein was also more stable in wild type PVA infection than in PVAAG infection. Based on these findings we suggest that potyviral HCPro recruits host AGO1 through its WG motif and engages AGO1 in the production of stable virus particles, which are required for an efficient systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Pollari
- University of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Swarnalok De
- University of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristiina Mäkinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology, Viikki Plant Science Center, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Xu XJ, Li HG, Cheng DJ, Liu LZ, Geng C, Tian YP, Li XD. A Spontaneous Complementary Mutation Restores the RNA Silencing Suppression Activity of HC-Pro and the Virulence of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1279. [PMID: 32973838 PMCID: PMC7472499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross-protection is a promising measure to control plant viral diseases. Reverse genetics had been recently adopted to generate attenuated mutants that have potential in cross-protection. But studies on the variability of the progeny viruses of the attenuated mutants are scarce. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is the prevalent virus inducing maize dwarf mosaic disease in China. Here, we showed that the substitution of arginine with isoleucine in the FRNK motif at position 184 of helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) abolished its RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity, drastically reduced the virulence and accumulation level of SCMV, and impaired the synergism between SCMV and maize chlorotic mottle virus. The attenuated mutant could protect maize plants from a severe infection of SCMV. However, a spontaneous mutation of glycine at position 440 to arginine in HC-Pro rescued the virulence and synergism with maize chlorotic mottle virus of SCMV and the RSS activity of HC-Pro. Similar results were obtained with tobacco vein banding mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus. These results provide novel evidence for the complementary mutation of potyviruses in maintaining the HC-Pro RSS activity and potyviral virulence and remind us of evaluating the potential risk of attenuated mutants thoroughly before applying for the control of plant viral diseases via cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Huan-Gai Li
- Protein Science Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Jie Cheng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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33
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Bao W, Yan T, Deng X, Wuriyanghan H. Synthesis of Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clones of Soybean Mosaic Virus and Functional Identification of a Key Amino Acid in the Silencing Suppressor Hc-Pro. Viruses 2020; 12:E886. [PMID: 32823665 PMCID: PMC7472419 DOI: 10.3390/v12080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), which belongs to the Potyviridae, causes significant reductions in soybean yield and seed quality. In this study, both tag-free and reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing infectious clones for the SMV N1 strain were constructed by Gibson assembly and with the yeast homologous recombination system, respectively. Both infectious clones are suitable for agroinfiltration on the model host N. benthamiana and show strong infectivity for the natural host soybean and several other legume species. Both infectious clones were seed transmitted and caused typical virus symptoms on seeds and progeny plants. We used the SMV-GFP infectious clone to further investigate the role of key amino acids in the silencing suppressor helper component-proteinase (Hc-Pro). Among twelve amino acid substitution mutants, the co-expression of mutant 2-with an Asparagine→Leucine substitution at position 182 of the FRNK (Phe-Arg-Asn-Lys) motif-attenuated viral symptoms and alleviated the host growth retardation caused by SMV. Moreover, the Hc-Prom2 mutant showed stronger oligomerization than wild-type Hc-Pro. Taken together, the SMV infectious clones will be useful for studies of host-SMV interactions and functional gene characterization in soybeans and related legume species, especially in terms of seed transmission properties. Furthermore, the SMV-GFP infectious clone will also facilitate functional studies of both virus and host genes in an N. benthamiana transient expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Bao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; (W.B.); (T.Y.); (X.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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34
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Rose H, Menzel W, Knierim D, Rabenstein F, Maiss E. Complete genome sequence of a German isolate of spartina mottle virus supports its classification as a member of the proposed genus "Sparmovirus" within the family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2385-2388. [PMID: 32647930 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spartina mottle virus (SpMV), an unassigned member of the family Potyviridae, has been known since 1980, when it was first described in England and Wales in symptomatic plants of the genus Spartina. In infected cells, flexuous particles and pinwheel inclusion bodies were found that resemble those of potyvirids. To date, the NCBI database contains only two partial sequences of a German (Nessmersiel) and an Italian (Assisi) isolate, suggesting that SpMV could be the first member of a new genus, called "Sparmovirus", in the family Potyviridae. In this study, the first complete genome sequence of the German SpMV isolate (SpMV Ger) was determined. The genome of SpMV is a single-stranded, monopartite, polyadenylated RNA consisting of 9376 nucleotides. Sequence analysis revealed a genome organization similar to that of classical potyviruses, including many conserved features. In phylogenetic analysis, SpMV could not be assigned to any of the known genera, but it showed the closest relationship to rymoviruses and common reed chlorotic stripe virus (CRCSV, unassigned). Sequence comparisons confirmed that a new genus should be established containing SpMV, CRCSV, and three Bermuda grass mosaic virus isolates, which are considered divergent strains of SpMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rose
- Department of Phytomedicine, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Menzel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - D Knierim
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - F Rabenstein
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut, Erwin-Baur-Straße 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Maiss
- Department of Phytomedicine, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Complete genome sequence of begonia flower breaking virus, a novel member of the genus Potyvirus. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1915-1918. [PMID: 32504395 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete genomic sequence of begonia flower breaking virus (BFBV), a novel putative member of the genus Potyvirus isolated from Begonia bowerae cv. 'Tiger' plants grown in Kunming. The genomic RNA comprises 9540 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, and contains a typical open reading frame (ORF) of potyviruses. The ORF consists of 9219 nucleotides and encodes a 3073-amino-acid polyprotein that is predicted to be proteolytically cleaved into 10 mature peptides. Sequence comparison indicated that BFBV shares 43.9-55.12% amino acid sequence identity with known potyviruses and that BFBV shares the highest amino acid sequence identity (55.12%) with beet mosaic virus. The results from the complete genomic sequence analysis further suggest that BFBV is a member of a novel species in the genus Potyvirus.
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Huang CH, Foo MH, Raja JAJ, Tan YR, Lin TT, Lin SS, Yeh SD. A Conserved Helix in the C-Terminal Region of Watermelon Silver Mottle Virus Nonstructural Protein S Is Imperative For Protein Stability Affecting Self-Interaction, RNA Silencing Suppression, and Pathogenicity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:637-652. [PMID: 31935338 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-19-0279-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In orthotospovirus, the nonstructural protein S (NSs) is the RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS) and pathogenicity determinant. Here, we demonstrate that a putative α-helix, designated H8, spanning amino acids 338 to 369 of the C-terminal region of the NSs protein, is crucial for self-interaction of watermelon silver mottle virus NSs protein and that the H8 affects RSS function. Co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses revealed that the triple point mutation (TPM) of H8 amino acids Y338A, H350A, and F353A resulted in NSs protein self-interaction dysfunction. Transient expression of H8-deleted (ΔH8) and TPM NSs proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by agroinfitration indicated that these proteins have weaker RSS activity and are far less stable than wild-type (WT) NSs. However, an electrophoretic mobility assay revealed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) binding ability of TPM NSs protein is not compromised. The pathogenicity assay of WT NSs protein expressed by the attenuated turnip mosaic virus vector restored severe symptoms in recombinant-infected N. benthamiana plants but not for ΔH8 or TPM proteins. Taken together, we conclude that the H8 helix in the C-terminal region of NSs protein is crucial for stabilizing NSs protein through self-interaction to maintain normal functions of RSS and pathogenicity, but not for NSs-siRNA binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Mung-Hsia Foo
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Joseph A J Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Yue-Rong Tan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Tung Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University
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Karavina C, Ibaba JD, Gubba A. High-throughput sequencing of virus-infected Cucurbita pepo samples revealed the presence of Zucchini shoestring virus in Zimbabwe. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:53. [PMID: 32014054 PMCID: PMC6998830 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Plant-infecting viruses remain a serious challenge towards achieving food security worldwide. Cucurbit virus surveys were conducted in Zimbabwe during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Leaf samples displaying virus-like symptoms were collected and stored until analysis. Three baby marrow samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing and the data generated were analysed using genomics technologies. Zucchini shoestring virus (ZSSV), a cucurbit-infecting potyvirus previously described in South Africa was one of the viruses identified. The genomes of the three ZSSV isolates are described analysed in this note. Results The three ZSSV isolates had the same genome size of 10,297 bp excluding the polyA tail with a 43% GC content. The large open reading frame was found at positions 69 to 10,106 on the genome and encodes a 3345 amino acids long polyprotein which had the same cleavage site sequences as those described on the South African isolate except for the P1-pro site. Genome sequence comparisons of all the ZSSV isolates showed that the isolates F7-Art and S6-Prime had identical sequence across the entire genome while sharing 99.06% and 99.34% polyprotein nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities, respectively with the isolate S7-Prime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Karavina
- Department of Crop Science, Bindura University of Science Education, Astra Campus, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Jacques Davy Ibaba
- Discipline of Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agriculture Campus, 1 Agric Avenue, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Augustine Gubba
- Discipline of Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agriculture Campus, 1 Agric Avenue, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, Republic of South Africa
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Tuo D, Zhou P, Zhao G, Yan P, Tan D, Li X, Shen W. A Double Mutation in the Conserved Motifs of the Helper Component Protease of Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus for the Generation of a Cross-Protective Attenuated Strain. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:187-193. [PMID: 31516080 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-19-0328-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potyviral helper component protease (HC-Pro), as a major determinant of symptom expression in susceptible plants, is a likely target candidate in the production of attenuated strains for cross-protection. In this study, single or double mutations of Lys (K) to Glu (E) in the Lys-Ile-Thr-Cys motif and Arg (R) to Ile (I) in the Phe-Arg-Asn-Lys motif of the HC-Pro from the severe papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus strain DF (PLDMV-DF) reduced symptom expression and virus accumulation in infected papaya (Carica papaya) plants. The papaya plants infected with the attenuated double mutant of PLDMV-EI presented as symptomless. PLDMV-EI provided effective protection against PLDMV-DF infection in three papaya cultivars and had no effect on plant growth and development. Our result showed that PLDMV-EI is a promising mild strain for the practical use of cross-protection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Dong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Microbe Resources, Haikou 571101, China
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Prigigallo MI, Križnik M, De Paola D, Catalano D, Gruden K, Finetti-Sialer MM, Cillo F. Potato Virus Y Infection Alters Small RNA Metabolism and Immune Response in Tomato. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121100. [PMID: 31783643 PMCID: PMC6950276 DOI: 10.3390/v11121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) isolate PVYC-to induces growth reduction and foliar symptoms in tomato, but new vegetation displays symptom recovery at a later stage. In order to investigate the role of micro(mi)RNA and secondary small(s)RNA-regulated mechanisms in tomato defenses against PVY, we performed sRNA sequencing from healthy and PVYC-to infected tomato plants at 21 and 30 days post-inoculation (dpi). A total of 792 miRNA sequences were obtained, among which were 123 canonical miRNA sequences, many isomiR variants, and 30 novel miRNAs. MiRNAs were mostly overexpressed in infected vs. healthy plants, whereas only a few miRNAs were underexpressed. Increased accumulation of isomiRs was correlated with viral infection. Among miRNA targets, enriched functional categories included resistance (R) gene families, transcription and hormone factors, and RNA silencing genes. Several 22-nt miRNAs were shown to target R genes and trigger the production of 21-nt phased sRNAs (phasiRNAs). Next, 500 phasiRNA-generating loci were identified, and were shown to be mostly active in PVY-infected tissues and at 21 dpi. These data demonstrate that sRNA-regulated host responses, encompassing miRNA alteration, diversification within miRNA families, and phasiRNA accumulation, regulate R and disease-responsive genes. The dynamic regulation of miRNAs and secondary sRNAs over time suggests a functional role of sRNA-mediated defenses in the recovery phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Prigigallo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, G. Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maja Križnik
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Domenico De Paola
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Catalano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Kristina Gruden
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Mariella M. Finetti-Sialer
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.F.-S.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-080-55583400 (ext. 213) (M.M.F.-S.); +39-080-5443109 (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Cillo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, G. Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.F.-S.); (F.C.); Tel.: +39-080-55583400 (ext. 213) (M.M.F.-S.); +39-080-5443109 (F.C.)
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Mosquera-Yuqui F, Garrido P, Flores FJ. Molecular characterization and complete genome of alstroemeria mosaic virus (AlMV). Virus Genes 2019; 56:87-93. [PMID: 31696416 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Even though alstroemeria mosaic virus (AlMV) is one of the most important viruses affecting alstroemeria plants, its genome is only partially available in public sequence databases. High throughput sequencing (HTS) of RNA from alstroemeria plants with symptoms of mosaic and streaking, collected in Lasso-Ecuador, indicated the presence of AlMV and lily symptomless virus. In this study, we aimed to assemble and characterize the complete genome sequence of AlMV. Reads from Illumina sequencing of ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA were assembled into contigs that were mapped to the sunflower chlorotic mottle virus genome, revealing the 9774 [corrected] bp complete genome sequence of AlMV. Multiple sequence alignment of the AlMV polyprotein with close homologs allowed the identification of ten mature proteins P1, HC-Pro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb and CP. Furthermore, several potyvirus motifs were identified in the AlMV polyprotein including those related to potyvirus aphid transmission 334KMTC337, 592PTK594 and 2800DAG2802. Phylogenetic analysis based in the polyprotein showed that AlMV belongs to the potato virus Y clade and its closest relative is sunflower ring blotch virus. This study describes the first complete genome of AlMV and its placement within the genus Potyvirus, providing valuable information for future studies on this economically important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mosquera-Yuqui
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida y La Agricultura, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador.
| | - Patricia Garrido
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de La Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco J Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida y La Agricultura, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador.,Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de La Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
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Complete genome sequence analysis of Narcissus yellow stripe virus infecting Narcissus tazetta in India. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:409. [PMID: 31692678 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of Narcissus yellow stripe potyvirus (NYSV) isolated from Narcissus tazetta cv. Paperwhite exhibiting leaf chlorotic stripe symptoms was determined for the first time from India. The viral genome sequence contained 9650 nucleotides that encode a large polyprotein (372.36 kDa) of 3103 amino acids. The comparison of the NYSV genome sequences with corresponding sequences of other potyviruses revealed 90-97% identities and closest phylogenetic relationships with NYSV-Zhangzhou-1 and -ZZ-2 isolates infecting N. tazetta reported from China. Therefore, the NYSV isolate understudy was considered as a new member of NYSV and designated as NYSV-NAR2.
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Wang X, Luo C, Xu Y, Zhang C, Bao M, Dou J, Wang Q, Cheng Y. Expression of the p24 silencing suppressor of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 from Potato virus X or Barley stripe mosaic virus vector elicits hypersensitive responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:34-42. [PMID: 31255907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 24-kDa protein (p24) encoded by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) is an RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS), but its effect on active viral infection is unclear. Using a Potato virus X (PVX)-based expression system, we demonstrated that p24 elicits lethal systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana, sharing typical characteristics of the hypersensitive response (HR), and that NbRAR1 (a cytoplasmic Zn2+-binding protein) is involved in the PVX-p24-mediated systemic necrosis. Moreover, expression of p24 from Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) vector triggered local necrosis in infiltrated patches of N. benthamiana, likely inhibiting viral systemic spread. By deletion analysis, we demonstrated that amino acids (aa) 1 to 180, which are located in the region (aa 1-188) previously shown to be necessary for p24's RSS activity, is sufficient for p24 to elicit systemic necrosis in the context of PVX infection. Using substitution mutants, we revealed that silencing-suppression-defective mutants R2A and W54A induce only a mild necrotic response; two mutants without self-interaction ability previously shown to lose or retain weak suppression function also displayed decreased pathogenicity: W149A without RSS activity elicited a mild necrotic response, whereas V162H/L169H/L170H which retains weak RSS activity was able to induce systemic necrosis, but with a 1- to 2-day delay. Taken together, p24 plays an important role in GLRaV-2 pathogenesis, triggering HR-like necrosis in N. benthamiana plants when expressed from PVX or BSMV vector; both the silencing suppression and self-interaction are crucial for p24's pathogenicity activity, and the region of p24 for determining systemic necrosis is mapped to aa 1-180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Wang
- Department of Pomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Pomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- DeLaval Tianjin Company, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chenwei Zhang
- Department of Pomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mian Bao
- Department of Pomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junjie Dou
- Department of Pomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqin Cheng
- Department of Pomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Osterbaan LJ, Choi J, Kenney J, Flasco M, Vigne E, Schmitt-Keichinger C, Rebelo AR, Heck M, Fuchs M. The Identity of a Single Residue of the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Modulates Vein Clearing in Nicotiana benthamiana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:790-801. [PMID: 30640575 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-18-0337-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying host plant symptom development upon infection by viruses of the genus Nepovirus in the family Secoviridae, including grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), are poorly understood. In the systemic host Nicotiana benthamiana, GFLV strain GHu produces characteristic symptoms of vein clearing in apical leaves, unlike other GFLV strains such as F13, which cause an asymptomatic infection. In this study, we expanded on earlier findings and used reverse genetics to identify residue 802 (lysine, K) of the GFLV-GHu RNA1-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (1EPol) as a modulator of vein-clearing symptom development in N. benthamiana. Mutations to this site abolished (K to G, A, or Q) or attenuated (K to N or P) symptom expression. Noteworthy, residue 802 is necessary but not sufficient for vein clearing, as GFLV-F13 RNA1 carrying K802 remained asymptomatic in N. benthamiana. No correlation was found between symptom expression and RNA1 accumulation, as shown by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the involvement of RNA silencing of vein clearing was ruled out by virus-induced gene silencing experiments and structure predictions for protein 1EPol suggested that residue 802 is flanked by strongly predicted stable secondary structures, including a conserved motif of unknown function (805LLKT/AHLK/RT/ALR814). Together, these results reveal the protein nature of the GFLV-GHu symptom determinant in N. benthamiana and provide a solid basis for probing and determining the virus-host proteome network for symptoms of vein clearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa J Osterbaan
- 1 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Jiyeong Choi
- 1 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Jaimie Kenney
- 1 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Madison Flasco
- 1 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
| | - Emmanuelle Vigne
- 2 UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRA-Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- 3 Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Michelle Heck
- 3 Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
- 4 Boyce Thompson Research Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 5 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, U.S.A
| | - Marc Fuchs
- 1 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456, U.S.A
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Huang XD, Fang L, Gu QS, Tian YP, Geng C, Li XD. Cross protection against the watermelon strain of Papaya ringspot virus through modification of viral RNA silencing suppressor. Virus Res 2019; 265:166-171. [PMID: 30910699 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain (PRSV-W) causes huge economic losses to cucurbits production. Here, we constructed an infectious clone of PRSV-W, pCamPRSV-W, which can induce similar symptoms and accumulate to same levels as wild type virus in plants of Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus. The green fluorescence protein gene gfp was cloned into pCamPRSV-W to produce pCamPRSV-W-GFP, which produced strong green fluorescence in systemic leaves of inoculated Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus plants, indicating that pCamPRSV-W can be used to express foreign genes. Ten mutants of PRSV-W, obtained by site-directed mutagenesis in the RNA silencing suppressor helper-component proteinase encoding region, produced dramatically attenuated symptoms in plants of Cucumis melo. The Cucumis melo plants pre-infected with mutants K125D and G317 K showed effective protection against the challenge inoculation of wild type PRSV-W. The attenuated mutants generated in this study will be helpful for the eco-friendly control of PRSV-W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-De Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Gu
- Institute of Fruit Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450009, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Rose H, Döring I, Vetten HJ, Menzel W, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Maiss E. Complete genome sequence and construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of celery latent virus - an unusual member of a putative new genus within the Potyviridae. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:308-320. [PMID: 30667354 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celery latent virus (CeLV) is an incompletely described plant virus known to be sap and seed transmissible and to possess flexuous filamentous particles measuring about 900 nm in length, suggesting it as a possible member of the family Potyviridae. Here, an Italian isolate of CeLV was transmitted by sap to a number of host plants and shown to have a single-stranded and monopartite RNA genome being 11 519 nucleotides (nts) in size and possessing some unusual features. The RNA contains a large open reading frame (ORF) that is flanked by a short 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 13 nt and a 3' UTR consisting of 586 nt that is not polyadenylated. CeLV RNA shares nt sequence identity of only about 40 % with other members of the Potyviridae (potyvirids). The CeLV polyprotein is notable in that it starts with a signal peptide, has a putative P3N-PIPO ORF and shares low aa sequence identity (about 18 %) with other potyvirids. Although potential cleavage sites were not identified for the N-terminal two-thirds of the polyprotein, the latter possesses a number of sequence motifs, the identity and position of which are characteristic of other potyvirids. Attempts at constructing an infectious full-length cDNA clone of CeLV were successful following Rhizobium radiobacter infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana and Apium graveolens. CeLV appears to have the largest genome of all known potyvirids and some unique genome features that may warrant the creation of a new genus, for which we propose the name 'celavirus'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rose
- 1Department Phytomedicine, Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ines Döring
- 1Department Phytomedicine, Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Wulf Menzel
- 3Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katja R Richert-Pöggeler
- 4Julius Kühn Institut JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Edgar Maiss
- 1Department Phytomedicine, Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Yin Z, Murawska Z, Xie F, Pawełkowicz M, Michalak K, Zhang B, Lebecka R. microRNA response in potato virus Y infected tobacco shows strain-specificity depending on host and symptom severity. Virus Res 2019; 260:20-32. [PMID: 30423361 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates how different potato virus Y (PVY) strains affect the miRNA balance in tobacco cv. Samsun. The two prevalent strains PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi caused severe and mild veinal necrosis (VN) respectively, and the unique PVYZ-NTN strain induced milder vein clearing (VCl) in the upper non-inoculated leaves. A single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) I252V and a Q412 to R412 substitution in the HC-Pro cistron of the PVYZ-NTN strain might relate to the loss of VN in tobacco. The abundance of 18 out of the 26 tested miRNAs was increased upon infection by the severe strains PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi. Expression of a group of defense related transcripts were increased accordingly. Two miRNAs, nta-miR6020a-5p and nta-miR6164a/b, which target the TIR-NBS-LRR type resistant TMV N genes involving in signal transduction, might correlate with the PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi induced VN. The down-regulated mRNAs, e.g., RAP2-7 and TOE3, PXC3, LRR-RLK, ATHB-14 and TCP4 targeted by nta-miR172, nta-miR390, nta-miR482, nta-miR166 and nta-miR319/159 respectively, were related to regulation of transcription, protein phosphorylation and cell differentiation. The observed strain-specific alteration of miRNAs and their targets are host dependent and corresponds to the symptom severity and the viral HC-Pro RNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yin
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, PL-05-831, Młochów, Poland.
| | - Zofia Murawska
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, PL-05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Fuliang Xie
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, PL-02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Michalak
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, PL-05-831, Młochów, Poland
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Renata Lebecka
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Młochów Research Center, Platanowa 19, PL-05-831, Młochów, Poland
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47
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Del Toro FJ, Mencía E, Aguilar E, Tenllado F, Canto T. HCPro-mediated transmission by aphids of purified virions does not require its silencing suppression function and correlates with its ability to coat cell microtubules in loss-of-function mutant studies. Virology 2018; 525:10-18. [PMID: 30212731 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Native and amino acid (aa) substitution mutants of HCPro from potato virus Y (PVY) were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Properties of those HCPro variants with regard to silencing suppression activities, mediation of viral transmission by aphids, and subcellular localization dynamics, were determined. One mutant failed to suppress silencing in agropatch assays, but could efficiently mediate the transmission by aphids of purified virions. This mutant also retained the ability to translocate to microtubules (MTs) in stressed cells. By contrast, another single aa substitution mutant displayed native-like silencing suppression activity in agropatch assays, but could not mediate transmission of PVY virions by aphids, and could not relocate to MTs. Our data show that silencing suppression by HCPro is not required in the aphid-mediated transmission of purified virions. In addition, since the same single aa alteration compromised both, viral transmission and coating of MTs, those two properties could be functionally related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Del Toro
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Eva Mencía
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Tomas Canto
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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48
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Ambrós S, de la Iglesia F, Rosario SM, Butkovic A, Elena SF. Engineered Functional Redundancy Relaxes Selective Constraints upon Endogenous Genes in Viral RNA Genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:1823-1836. [PMID: 29982435 PMCID: PMC6059116 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional redundancy, understood as the functional overlap of different genes, is a double-edge sword. At the one side, it is thought to serve as a robustness mechanism that buffers the deleterious effect of mutations hitting one of the redundant copies, thus resulting in pseudogenization. At the other side, it is considered as a source of genetic and functional innovation. In any case, genetically redundant genes are expected to show an acceleration in the rate of molecular evolution. Here, we tackle the role of functional redundancy in viral RNA genomes. To this end, we have evaluated the rates of compensatory evolution for deleterious mutations affecting an essential function, the suppression of RNA silencing plant defense, of tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV). TEV genotypes containing deleterious mutations in presence/absence of engineered functional redundancy were evolved and the pattern of fitness and pathogenicity recovery evaluated. Genetically redundant genotypes suffered less from the effect of deleterious mutations and showed relatively minor changes in fitness and pathogenicity. By contrast, nongenetically redundant genotypes had very low fitness and pathogenicity at the beginning of the evolution experiment that were fully recovered by the end. At the molecular level, the outcome depended on the combination of the actual mutations being compensated and the presence/absence of functional redundancy. Reversions to wild-type alleles were the norm in the nonredundant genotypes while redundant ones either did not fix any mutation at all or showed a higher nonsynonymous mutational load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ambrós
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Francisca de la Iglesia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Sttefany M Rosario
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, UASD, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Anamarija Butkovic
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I 2 SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
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49
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Rodamilans B, Valli A, Mingot A, San León D, López-Moya JJ, García JA. An atypical RNA silencing suppression strategy provides a snapshot of the evolution of sweet potato-infecting potyviruses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15937. [PMID: 30374036 PMCID: PMC6206096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses usually encode proteins with RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity to counteract plant defenses. In Potyvirus, the largest genus in the family Potyviridae, this role is taken over by the multifunctional HCPro, also involved in aphid transmission, polyprotein processing and virion formation. Recently, the large P1 of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) was characterized finding an extra ORF produced after polymerase slippage, which originates the product P1N-PISPO. Transient expression assays showed that SPFMV P1 and P1N-PISPO presented RSS activity, while HCPro did not. In this work, we analyze possible differences between HCPro of SPFMV and other potyviruses, testing HCPro RSS activity in a transient expression assay, and using a Plum pox virus-based system to test the ability of SPFMV P1N-PISPO and HCPro to serve as RNA silencing suppressors in the context of a viral infection. Our results indicate that not only P1 and P1N-PISPO, but also HCPro display RSS activity when expressed in a suitable context, stressing the importance of the selected experimental system for testing anti-silencing capacity of proteins. The presence of multiple viral silencing suppressors in SPFMV adds complexity to an already intricate RSS system, and provides insight into the hypothetical evolution of sweet potato-infecting potyvirids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Valli
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ares Mingot
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David San León
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Feng M, Zuo D, Jiang X, Li S, Chen J, Jiang L, Zhou X, Jiang T. Identification of Strawberry vein banding virus encoded P6 as an RNA silencing suppressor. Virology 2018; 520:103-110. [PMID: 29843054 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA silencing is a common mechanism that plays a key role in antiviral defense. To overcome host defense responses, plant viruses encode silencing-suppressor proteins to target one or several key steps in the silencing machinery. Here, we report that the P6 protein encoded by Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) is an RNA silencing suppressor through Agrobacterium-mediated co-infiltration assays. SVBV P6 protein can suppress green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene silencing induced by single-stranded RNA but not by double-stranded RNA. The P6 protein can also inhibit systemic silencing of GFP through interfering the systemic spread of GFP silencing signal. Subcellular localization study indicated that P6 protein formed irregular bodies and distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Furthermore, deletion analysis indicated that a nuclear localization signal (NLS, aa 402-426) in the P6 protein is responsible for the silencing suppression efficiency. In addition, expression of the P6 protein via a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vectors induced more severe mosaic symptoms in N. benthamiana leaves, and transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing P6 showed obvious vein yellowing as well as severe mosaic symptoms in leaves. Taken together, our results demonstrates that SVBV P6 is a suppressor of RNA silencing, possibly acting at a upstream step for dsRNA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Feng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengpan Zuo
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizi Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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