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Bauman Y, Drayman N, Ben-Nun-Shaul O, Vitenstein A, Yamin R, Ophir Y, Oppenheim A, Mandelboim O. Downregulation of the stress-induced ligand ULBP1 following SV40 infection confers viral evasion from NK cell cytotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15369-81. [PMID: 26992229 PMCID: PMC4941247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are a diverse family of viruses which are prevalent in the human population. However, the interactions of these viruses with the immune system are not well characterized. We have previously shown that two human polyomaviruses, JC and BK, use an identical microRNA to evade immune attack by Natural Killer (NK) cells. We showed that this viral microRNA suppresses ULBP3 expression, a stress induced ligand for the killer receptor NKG2D. Here we show that Simian Virus 40 (SV40) also evades NK cell attack through the down regulation of another stress-induced ligand of NKG2D, ULBP1. These findings indicate that NK cells play an essential role in fighting polyomavirus infections and further emphasize the importance of various members of the ULBP family in controlling polyomavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Bauman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Drayman
- Department of Hematology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Ben-Nun-Shaul
- Department of Hematology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Vitenstein
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Ophir
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Oppenheim
- Department of Hematology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Davies SI, Muranski P. T cell therapies for human polyomavirus diseases. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1302-1316. [PMID: 28927823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid restoration of virus-specific T immunity via adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated T cells has been proven as a powerful therapy for patients with advanced cancers and refractory viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BK virus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), and Merkel cell carcinoma virus (MCV) are the members of the rapidly growing human polyomavirus (hPyV) family that commonly infects most healthy humans. These viruses have a clearly established potential for causing severe end-organ damage or malignant transformation, especially in individuals with weakened immunity who are unable to mount or regain endogenous T-cell responses as a result of underlying leukemia or iatrogenic immunosuppression in autoimmunity, bone marrow and solid organ transplant settings. Here we will discuss recent advances in using T-cell-based immunotherapies to save patients suffering from PyV-associated diseases including hemorrhagic cystitis, BKV virus-associated nephropathy, and JC-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We will also review progress in the understanding of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) as a virally driven tumor that is amenable to immune intervention and can be targeted with adoptively transferred T cells specific for viral oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Davies
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Bruns M, Deppert W. Immunotherapy of WAP-T NP mice with early stage mammary gland tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67790-67804. [PMID: 28978072 PMCID: PMC5620212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The SV40 transgenic BALB/c mouse based WAP-T/WAP-TNP model for triple-negative breast cancer allows the analysis of parameters influencing immunotherapeutic approaches. Except for WAP-TNP tumors expressing the immune-dominant LCMV NP-epitope within SV40 T-antigen (T-AgNP) which is not expressed by T-Ag of WAP-T tumors, the tumors are extremely similar. Comparative anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy of WAP-T and WAP-TNP mice supported the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of tumor antigen T-cell epitopes strongly influences the success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, with highly immunogenic T-cell epitopes favoring rapid CTL exhaustion. Here we analyzed the immune response in NP8 mice during early times of tumor development. LCMV infection of lactating NP8 mice induced lifelong tumor protection by memory CTLs. Immunization with LCMV after involution and appearance of T-AgNP expressing parity-induced tumor progenitor cells could not cure the mice, as memory CTLs became exhausted. However, immunization significantly prolonged the time of tumor outgrowth. Elimination of exhausted CTLs and of immunosuppressive cells by sub-lethal γ-irradiation, followed by adoptive transfer of NP-epitope specific CTLs into NP8 tumor mice with early lesions, completely prevented tumor outgrowth, when lymphocytes obtained after injection of weakly immunogenic NP8 tumor-derived cells into BALB/c mice were transferred. Transfer of lymphocytes obtained after infection of BALB/c mice with highly immunogenic LCMV into such mice delayed tumor outgrowth for a significant period, but could not prevent it. We conclude that eliminating exhausted CTLs and immune-suppressive cells followed by transfer or generation of low-avidity tumor antigen-specific CTLs might be a promising approach for curative tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bruns
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Deppert
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), University of Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Gillgrass A, Ashkar A. Stimulating natural killer cells to protect against cancer: recent developments. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 7:367-82. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Forte G, Rega A, Morello S, Luciano A, Arra C, Pinto A, Sorrentino R. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid limits tumor outgrowth in a mouse model of metastatic lung cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5357-64. [PMID: 22516955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a TLR3 ligand, is currently being tested in human clinical trials as an adjuvant to anti-cancer vaccines and in combination with other therapies. However, little is known about its activity in established pulmonary metastasis. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of poly I:C (1, 10, or 100 μg/mouse) in a mouse model of B16-F10-induced metastatic lung cancer. Lung tumor growth was arrested after a single administration of poly I:C. This was associated with higher influx of mature dendritic cells (DCs), which drove toward a Th1-like, Th17-like, and cytotoxic immune environment. The interference with IFN type I receptor signaling by means of a specific mAb reversed poly I:C-mediated tumor regression due to lower presence of myeloid DCs, cytotoxic DCs (CD11c(+)CD8(+)), NKT cells, CD8(+) T cells, and Th1-like cytokines. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of poly I:C-activated bone marrow-derived DCs into tumor-bearing mice resulted in activities similar to those of the systemic administration of poly I:C on lung tumor burden. In conclusion, our data prove that poly I:C has potential anti-tumor activity in a mouse model of established pulmonary metastasis. The activation of DCs and the production of IFN type I are responsible for an effective T cytotoxic immune response against metastatic lung cancer progression after poly I:C treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Forte
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
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Delbue S, Comar M, Ferrante P. Review on the relationship between human polyomaviruses-associated tumors and host immune system. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:542092. [PMID: 22489251 PMCID: PMC3318214 DOI: 10.1155/2012/542092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The polyomaviruses are small DNA viruses that can establish latency in the human host. The name polyomavirus is derived from the Greek roots poly-, which means "many," and -oma, which means "tumours." These viruses were originally isolated in mouse (mPyV) and in monkey (SV40). In 1971, the first human polyomaviruses BK and JC were isolated and subsequently demonstrated to be ubiquitous in the human population. To date, at least nine members of the Polyomaviridae family have been identified, some of them playing an etiological role in malignancies in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we describe the biology of human polyomaviruses, their nonmalignant and malignant potentials ability, and their relationship with the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Delbue
- Laboratory of Transkìlational Research, Health Science Foundation Ettore Sansavini, Corso Garibaldi, 11-48022 Lugo, Italy.
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Pinto A, Morello S, Sorrentino R. Lung cancer and Toll-like receptors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1211-20. [PMID: 21789594 PMCID: PMC11029286 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is a non-immunogenic cancer, resistant to immune surveillance. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) connect the innate to the adaptive immune system. Given that cancerous cells evade the immune system, the activation of TLRs could represent a potential target for cancer therapy. The induction of Th1-like and cytotoxic immunity by TLR signalling could lead to tumour cell death, resulting in tumour regression or arrest. However, basic research and clinical trials revealed that the activation of specific TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, do not have any anti-tumour activity in lung carcinoma. Increasing evidence suggests that TLRs are important regulators of tumour biology; however, little is known about their function in lung cancer. Thus, in order to develop new therapeutic approaches, further studies are needed to understand the connection between TLRs and lung cancer progression. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms by which TLR ligands can facilitate or not lung cancer and lung metastases establishment/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pinto
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department (FARMABIOMED), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department (FARMABIOMED), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Rosalinda Sorrentino
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department (FARMABIOMED), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
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CD4+ T lymphocytes are critical mediators of tumor immunity to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen induced by vaccination with plasmid DNA. J Virol 2011; 85:7216-24. [PMID: 21593176 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00543-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic analysis of tumor immunity directed toward the viral oncoprotein simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (Tag) has previously been described by our laboratory for scenarios of recombinant Tag immunization in BALB/c mice. In the present study, we performed a preliminary characterization of the immune components necessary for systemic tumor immunity induced upon immunization with plasmid DNA encoding SV40 Tag as a transgene (pCMV-Tag). Antibody responses to SV40 Tag were observed via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following three intramuscular (i.m.) injections of pCMV-Tag and were typified by a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Complete tumor immunity within a murine model of pulmonary metastasis was achieved upon two i.m. injections of pCMV-Tag, as assessed by examination of tumor foci in mouse lungs, without a detectable antibody response to SV40 Tag. Induction-phase and effector-phase depletions of T cell subsets were performed in vivo via administration of depleting rat monoclonal antibodies, and these experiments demonstrated that CD4(+) T lymphocytes are required in both phases of the adaptive immune response. Conversely, depletion of CD8(+) T lymphocytes did not impair tumor immunity in either immune phase and resulted in the premature production of antibodies to SV40 Tag. Our findings are unique in that a dominant role could be ascribed to CD4(+) T lymphocytes within a model of DNA vaccine-induced tumor immunity to Tag-expressing tumor cells. Additionally, our findings provide insight into the general mechanisms of vaccine-induced tumor immunity directed toward tumors bearing distinct tumor-associated antigens.
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