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Xue M, Sofer L, Simon V, Arvy N, Diop M, Lion R, Beucher G, Bordat A, Tilsner J, Gallois J, German‐Retana S. AtHVA22a, a plant-specific homologue of Reep/DP1/Yop1 family proteins is involved in turnip mosaic virus propagation. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13466. [PMID: 38767756 PMCID: PMC11104427 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The movement of potyviruses, the largest genus of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses responsible for serious diseases in crops, is very complex. As potyviruses developed strategies to hijack the host secretory pathway and plasmodesmata (PD) for their transport, the goal of this study was to identify membrane and/or PD-proteins that interact with the 6K2 protein, a potyviral protein involved in replication and cell-to-cell movement of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Using split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid assays, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library for interactors of TuMV6K2. We isolated AtHVA22a (Hordeum vulgare abscisic acid responsive gene 22), which belongs to a multigenic family of transmembrane proteins, homologous to Receptor expression-enhancing protein (Reep)/Deleted in polyposis (DP1)/Yop1 family proteins in animal and yeast. HVA22/DP1/Yop1 family genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, but the role of HVA22 proteins in plants is still not well known, although proteomics analysis of PD fractions purified from Arabidopsis suspension cells showed that AtHVA22a is highly enriched in a PD proteome. We confirmed the interaction between TuMV6K2 and AtHVA22a in yeast, as well as in planta by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and showed that TuMV6K2/AtHVA22a interaction occurs at the level of the viral replication compartment during TuMV infection. Finally, we showed that the propagation of TuMV is increased when AtHVA22a is overexpressed in planta but slowed down upon mutagenesis of AtHVA22a by CRISPR-Cas9. Altogether, our results indicate that AtHVA22a plays an agonistic effect on TuMV propagation and that the C-terminal tail of the protein is important in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Xue
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Luc Sofer
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Simon
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Arvy
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Mamoudou Diop
- UR 1052, INRAe, GAFL Domaine St MauriceMontfavet CedexFrance
| | - Roxane Lion
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Guillaume Beucher
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Amandine Bordat
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Cell and Molecular SciencesJames Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
- Biomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | | | - Sylvie German‐Retana
- Univ. Bordeaux UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRAe, Equipe de VirologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
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Lin J, Zhao J, Du L, Wang P, Sun B, Zhang C, Shi Y, Li H, Sun H. Activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by phosphatidic acid in response to positive-strand RNA viruses. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100659. [PMID: 37434356 PMCID: PMC10811337 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant defense against viruses. However, the mechanisms that underlie the activation of MAPK cascades in response to viral infection remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that phosphatidic acid (PA) represents a major class of lipids that respond to Potato virus Y (PVY) at an early stage of infection. We identified NbPLDα1 (Nicotiana benthamiana phospholipase Dα1) as the key enzyme responsible for increased PA levels during PVY infection and found that it plays an antiviral role. 6K2 of PVY interacts with NbPLDα1, leading to elevated PA levels. In addition, NbPLDα1 and PA are recruited by 6K2 to membrane-bound viral replication complexes. On the other hand, 6K2 also induces activation of the MAPK pathway, dependent on its interaction with NbPLDα1 and the derived PA. PA binds to WIPK/SIPK/NTF4, prompting their phosphorylation of WRKY8. Notably, spraying with exogenous PA is sufficient to activate the MAPK pathway. Knockdown of the MEK2-WIPK/SIPK-WRKY8 cascade resulted in enhanced accumulation of PVY genomic RNA. 6K2 of Turnip mosaic virus and p33 of Tomato bushy stunt virus also interacted with NbPLDα1 and induced the activation of MAPK-mediated immunity. Loss of function of NbPLDα1 inhibited virus-induced activation of MAPK cascades and promoted viral RNA accumulation. Thus, activation of MAPK-mediated immunity by NbPLDα1-derived PA is a common strategy employed by hosts to counteract positive-strand RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lin
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Linlin Du
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Pengkun Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hangjun Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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Gomaa AE, El Mounadi K, Parperides E, Garcia-Ruiz H. Cell Fractionation and the Identification of Host Proteins Involved in Plant-Virus Interactions. Pathogens 2024; 13:53. [PMID: 38251360 PMCID: PMC10819628 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses depend on host cellular factors for their replication and movement. There are cellular proteins that change their localization and/or expression and have a proviral role or antiviral activity and interact with or target viral proteins. Identification of those proteins and their roles during infection is crucial for understanding plant-virus interactions and to design antiviral resistance in crops. Important host proteins have been identified using approaches such as tag-dependent immunoprecipitation or yeast two hybridization that require cloning individual proteins or the entire virus. However, the number of possible interactions between host and viral proteins is immense. Therefore, an alternative method is needed for proteome-wide identification of host proteins involved in host-virus interactions. Here, we present cell fractionation coupled with mass spectrometry as an option to identify protein-protein interactions between viruses and their hosts. This approach involves separating subcellular organelles using differential and/or gradient centrifugation from virus-free and virus-infected cells (1) followed by comparative analysis of the proteomic profiles obtained for each subcellular organelle via mass spectrometry (2). After biological validation, prospect host proteins with proviral or antiviral roles can be subject to fundamental studies in the context of basic biology to shed light on both virus replication and cellular processes. They can also be targeted via gene editing to develop virus-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany E. Gomaa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA (E.P.)
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Kaoutar El Mounadi
- Department of Biology, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, PA 19530, USA
| | - Eric Parperides
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA (E.P.)
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA (E.P.)
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Atabekova AK, Golyshev SA, Lezzhov AA, Skulachev BI, Moiseenko AV, Yastrebova DM, Andrianova NV, Solovyev ID, Savitsky AP, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Fine Structure of Plasmodesmata-Associated Membrane Bodies Formed by Viral Movement Protein. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4100. [PMID: 38140427 PMCID: PMC10747570 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transport of plant viruses through plasmodesmata (PD) requires viral movement proteins (MPs) often associated with cell membranes. The genome of the Hibiscus green spot virus encodes two MPs, BMB1 and BMB2, which enable virus cell-to-cell transport. BMB2 is known to localize to PD-associated membrane bodies (PAMBs), which are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structures, and to direct BMB1 to PAMBs. This paper reports the fine structure of PAMBs. Immunogold labeling confirms the previously observed localization of BMB1 and BMB2 to PAMBs. EM tomography data show that the ER-derived structures in PAMBs are mostly cisterns interconnected by numerous intermembrane contacts that likely stabilize PAMBs. These contacts predominantly involve the rims of the cisterns rather than their flat surfaces. Using FRET-FLIM (Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorophores detected by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy) and chemical cross-linking, BMB2 is shown to self-interact and form high-molecular-weight complexes. As BMB2 has been shown to have an affinity for highly curved membranes at cisternal rims, the interaction of BMB2 molecules located at rims of adjacent cisterns is suggested to be involved in the formation of intermembrane contacts in PAMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K. Atabekova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (S.A.G.); (A.A.L.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Sergei A. Golyshev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (S.A.G.); (A.A.L.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Lezzhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (S.A.G.); (A.A.L.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Boris I. Skulachev
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (B.I.S.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Moiseenko
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (B.I.S.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Daria M. Yastrebova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (S.A.G.); (A.A.L.); (S.Y.M.)
| | - Ilya D. Solovyev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia (A.P.S.)
| | - Alexander P. Savitsky
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia (A.P.S.)
| | - Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (S.A.G.); (A.A.L.); (S.Y.M.)
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (B.I.S.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (S.A.G.); (A.A.L.); (S.Y.M.)
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (B.I.S.); (A.V.M.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Xue M, Arvy N, German‐Retana S. The mystery remains: How do potyviruses move within and between cells? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1560-1574. [PMID: 37571979 PMCID: PMC10632792 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Potyvirus is considered as the largest among plant single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA viruses, causing considerable economic damage to vegetable and fruit crops worldwide. Through the coordinated action of four viral proteins and a few identified host factors, potyviruses exploit the endomembrane system of infected cells for their replication and for their intra- and intercellular movement to and through plasmodesmata (PDs). Although a significant amount of data concerning potyvirus movement has been published, no synthetic review compiling and integrating all information relevant to our current understanding of potyvirus transport is available. In this review, we highlight the complexity of potyvirus movement pathways and present three potential nonexclusive mechanisms based on (1) the use of the host endomembrane system to produce membranous replication vesicles that are targeted to PDs and move from cell to cell, (2) the movement of extracellular viral vesicles in the apoplasm, and (3) the transport of virion particles or ribonucleoprotein complexes through PDs. We also present and discuss experimental data supporting these different models as well as the aspects that still remain mostly speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Xue
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Arvy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
| | - Sylvie German‐Retana
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon CedexFrance
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Mäkinen K, Aspelin W, Pollari M, Wang L. How do they do it? The infection biology of potyviruses. Adv Virus Res 2023; 117:1-79. [PMID: 37832990 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - William Aspelin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Pollari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Jovanović I, Frantová N, Zouhar J. A sword or a buffet: plant endomembrane system in viral infections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1226498. [PMID: 37636115 PMCID: PMC10453817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The plant endomembrane system is an elaborate collection of membrane-bound compartments that perform distinct tasks in plant growth and development, and in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Most plant viruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that remodel the host endomembrane system to establish intricate replication compartments. Their fundamental role is to create optimal conditions for viral replication, and to protect replication complexes and the cell-to-cell movement machinery from host defenses. In addition to the intracellular antiviral defense, represented mainly by RNA interference and effector-triggered immunity, recent findings indicate that plant antiviral immunity also includes membrane-localized receptor-like kinases that detect viral molecular patterns and trigger immune responses, which are similar to those observed for bacterial and fungal pathogens. Another recently identified part of plant antiviral defenses is executed by selective autophagy that mediates a specific degradation of viral proteins, resulting in an infection arrest. In a perpetual tug-of-war, certain host autophagy components may be exploited by viral proteins to support or protect an effective viral replication. In this review, we present recent advances in the understanding of the molecular interplay between viral components and plant endomembrane-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jovanović
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nicole Frantová
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Avula K, Singh B, Samantaray S, Syed GH. The Early Secretory Pathway Is Crucial for Multiple Aspects of the Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle. J Virol 2023:e0018023. [PMID: 37338368 PMCID: PMC10373535 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00180-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most of the early events of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle are well characterized, our understanding of HCV egress is still unclear. Some reports implicate the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi route, while some propose noncanonical secretory routes. Initially, the envelopment of HCV nucleocapsid occurs by budding into the ER lumen. Subsequently, the HCV particle exit from the ER is assumed to be mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. COPII vesicle biogenesis also involves the recruitment of cargo to the site of vesicle biogenesis via interaction with COPII inner coat proteins. We investigated the modulation and the specific role of the individual components of the early secretory pathway in HCV egress. We observed that HCV inhibits cellular protein secretion and triggers the reorganization of the ER exit sites and ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC). Gene-specific knockdown of the components of this pathway such as SEC16A, TFG, ERGIC-53, and COPII coat proteins demonstrated the functional significance of these components and the distinct role played by these proteins in various aspects of the HCV life cycle. SEC16A is essential for multiple steps in the HCV life cycle, whereas TFG is specifically involved in HCV egress and ERGIC-53 is crucial for HCV entry. Overall, our study establishes that the components of the early secretory pathway are essential for HCV propagation and emphasize the importance of the ER-Golgi secretory route in this process. Surprisingly, these components are also required for the early stages of the HCV life cycle due to their role in overall intracellular trafficking and homeostasis of the cellular endomembrane system. IMPORTANCE The virus life cycle involves entry into the host, replication of the genome, assembly of infectious progeny, and their subsequent release. Different aspects of the HCV life cycle, including entry, genome replication, and assembly, are well characterized; however, our understanding of the HCV release is still not clear and subject to debate due to varied findings. Here, we attempted to address this controversy and enhance our understanding of HCV egress by evaluating the role of the different components of the early secretory pathway in the HCV life cycle. To our surprise, we found that the components of the early secretory pathway are not only essential for HCV release but also contribute to many other earlier events of the HCV life cycle. This study emphasizes the importance of the early secretory pathway for the establishment of productive HCV infection in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Avula
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Delhi, India
| | - Bharati Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Frontini-López YR, Rivera L, Pocognoni CA, Roldán JS, Colombo MI, Uhart M, Delgui LR. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Assembly Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Lipid Droplet Accumulation. Viruses 2023; 15:1295. [PMID: 37376595 DOI: 10.3390/v15061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gumboro illness is caused by the highly contagious immunosuppressive infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which affects the poultry industry globally. We have previously shown that IBDV hijacks the endocytic pathway to construct viral replication complexes on endosomes linked to the Golgi complex (GC). Then, analyzing crucial proteins involved in the secretory pathway, we showed the essential requirement of Rab1b, the Rab1b downstream effector Golgi-specific BFA resistance factor 1 (GBF1), and its substrate, the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), for IBDV replication. In the current work, we focused on elucidating the IBDV assembly sites. We show that viral assembly occurs within single-membrane compartments closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, though we failed to elucidate the exact nature of the virus-wrapping membranes. Additionally, we show that IBDV infection promotes the stress of the ER, characterized by an accumulation of the chaperone binding protein (BiP) and lipid droplets (LDs) in the host cells. Overall, our results represent further original data showing the interplay between IBDV and the secretory pathway, making a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica R Frontini-López
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Rivera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Julieta S Roldán
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | - María I Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Marina Uhart
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
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10
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He R, Li Y, Bernards MA, Wang A. Manipulation of the Cellular Membrane-Cytoskeleton Network for RNA Virus Replication and Movement in Plants. Viruses 2023; 15:744. [PMID: 36992453 PMCID: PMC10056259 DOI: 10.3390/v15030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses infect all cellular life forms and cause various diseases and significant economic losses worldwide. The majority of viruses are positive-sense RNA viruses. A common feature of infection by diverse RNA viruses is to induce the formation of altered membrane structures in infected host cells. Indeed, upon entry into host cells, plant-infecting RNA viruses target preferred organelles of the cellular endomembrane system and remodel organellar membranes to form organelle-like structures for virus genome replication, termed as the viral replication organelle (VRO) or the viral replication complex (VRC). Different viruses may recruit different host factors for membrane modifications. These membrane-enclosed virus-induced replication factories provide an optimum, protective microenvironment to concentrate viral and host components for robust viral replication. Although different viruses prefer specific organelles to build VROs, at least some of them have the ability to exploit alternative organellar membranes for replication. Besides being responsible for viral replication, VROs of some viruses can be mobile to reach plasmodesmata (PD) via the endomembrane system, as well as the cytoskeleton machinery. Viral movement protein (MP) and/or MP-associated viral movement complexes also exploit the endomembrane-cytoskeleton network for trafficking to PD where progeny viruses pass through the cell-wall barrier to enter neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Huang YW, Sun CI, Hu CC, Tsai CH, Meng M, Lin NS, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Hsu YH. A viral movement protein co-opts endoplasmic reticulum luminal-binding protein and calreticulin to promote intracellular movement. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:904-924. [PMID: 36459587 PMCID: PMC9922411 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular movement is an important step for the initial spread of virus in plants during infection. This process requires virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs) and their interaction with host factors. Despite the large number of known host factors involved in the movement of different viruses, little is known about host proteins that interact with one of the MPs encoded by potexviruses, the triple-gene-block protein 3 (TGBp3). The main obstacle lies in the relatively low expression level of potexviral TGBp3 in hosts and the weak or transient nature of interactions. Here, we used TurboID-based proximity labeling to identify the network of proteins directly or indirectly interacting with the TGBp3 of a potexvirus, Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal-binding protein 4 and calreticulin 3 of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbBiP4 and NbCRT3, respectively) associated with the functional TGBp3-containing BaMV movement complexes, but not the movement-defective mutant, TGBp3M. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that TGBp3 colocalizes with NbBiP4 or NbCRT3 and the complexes move together along ER networks to cell periphery in N. benthamiana. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that NbBiP4 or NbCRT3 is required for the efficient spread and accumulation of BaMV in infected leaves. In addition, overexpression of NbBiP4 or NbCRT3 enhanced the targeting of BaMV TGBp1 to plasmodesmata (PD), indicating that NbBiP4 and NbCRT3 interact with TGBp3 to promote the intracellular transport of virion cargo to PD that facilitates virus cell-to-cell movement. Our findings revealed additional roles for NbBiP4 and NbCRT3 in BaMV intracellular movement through ER networks or ER-derived vesicles to PD, which enhances the spread of BaMV in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chu-I Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hisng University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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12
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Le Bideau M, Pires de Souza GA, Boschi C, Baudoin JP, Penant G, Jardot P, Fenollar F, Colson P, Lenk M, La Scola B. Limited permissibility of ENL-R and Mv-1-Lu mink cell lines to SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003824. [PMID: 36312916 PMCID: PMC9597503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic started in the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, which highlighted the scenario of frequent cross-species transmission events. From the outbreak possibly initiated by viral spill-over into humans from an animal reservoir, now we face the human host moving globally while interacting with domesticated and peridomestic animals. The emergence of a new virus into the ecosystem leads to selecting forces and species-specific adaptations. The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to other animals represents a risk to controlling the dissemination of this coronavirus and the emergence of new variants. Since 2020, several mink farms in Europe and the United States have had SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks with human–mink and mink–human transmission, where the mink-selected variants possibly hold evolutionary concerning advantages. Here we investigated the permissibility of mink lung-derived cells using two cell lines, Mv-1-Lu and ENL-R, against several lineages of SARS-CoV-2, including some classified as variants of concern. The viral release rate and the infectious titers indicate that these cells support infections by different SARS-CoV-2 lineages. The viral production occurs in the first few days after infection with the low viral release by these mink cells, which is often absent for the omicron variant for lung cells. The electron microscopy reveals that during the viral replication cycle, the endomembrane system of the mink-host cell undergoes typical changes while the viral particles are produced, especially in the first days of infection. Therefore, even if limited, mink lung cells may represent a selecting source for SARS-CoV-2 variants, impacting their transmissibility and pathogenicity and making it difficult to control this new coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Le Bideau
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Augusto Pires de Souza
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Boschi
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gwilherm Penant
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Priscilla Jardot
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Vecteurs – Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU), AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Colson
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthias Lenk
- Collection of Cell Lines in Veterinary Medicine (CCLV), Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Microbes, Evolution, Phylogénie et Infection (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Bernard La Scola,
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Solovyev AG, Atabekova AK, Lezzhov AA, Solovieva AD, Chergintsev DA, Morozov SY. Distinct Mechanisms of Endomembrane Reorganization Determine Dissimilar Transport Pathways in Plant RNA Viruses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182403. [PMID: 36145804 PMCID: PMC9504206 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses exploit the endomembrane system of infected cells for their replication and cell-to-cell transport. The replication of viral RNA genomes occurs in the cytoplasm in association with reorganized endomembrane compartments induced by virus-encoded proteins and is coupled with the virus intercellular transport via plasmodesmata that connect neighboring cells in plant tissues. The transport of virus genomes to and through plasmodesmata requires virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs). Distantly related plant viruses encode different MP sets, or virus transport systems, which vary in the number of MPs and their properties, suggesting their functional differences. Here, we discuss two distinct virus transport pathways based on either the modification of the endoplasmic reticulum tubules or the formation of motile vesicles detached from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to endosomes. The viruses with the movement proteins encoded by the triple gene block exemplify the first, and the potyviral system is the example of the second type. These transport systems use unrelated mechanisms of endomembrane reorganization. We emphasize that the mode of virus interaction with cell endomembranes determines the mechanism of plant virus cell-to-cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia K. Atabekova
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Lezzhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna D. Solovieva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A. Chergintsev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-939-31-98
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Zhang J, Li P, Lu R, Ouyang S, Chang MX. Structural and functional analysis of the small GTPase ARF1 reveals a pivotal role of its GTP-binding domain in controlling of the generation of viral inclusion bodies and replication of grass carp reovirus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956587. [PMID: 36091067 PMCID: PMC9459132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most pathogenic double-stranded (ds) RNA virus among the isolated aquareoviruses. The molecular mechanisms by which GCRV utilizes host factors to generate its infectious compartments beneficial for viral replication and infection are poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the grass carp ADP ribosylation factor 1 (gcARF1) was required for GCRV replication since the knockdown of gcARF1 by siRNA or inhibiting its GTPase activity by treatment with brefeldin A (BFA) significantly impaired the yield of infectious viral progeny. GCRV infection recruited gcARF1 into viral inclusion bodies (VIBs) by its nonstructural proteins NS80 and NS38. The small_GTP domain of gcARF1 was confirmed to be crucial for promoting GCRV replication and infection, and the number of VIBs reduced significantly by the inhibition of gcARF1 GTPase activity. The analysis of gcARF1-GDP complex crystal structure revealed that the 27AAGKTT32 motif and eight amino acid residues (A27, G29, K30, T31, T32, N126, D129 and A160), which were located mainly within the GTP-binding domain of gcARF1, were crucial for the binding of gcARF1 with GDP. Furthermore, the 27AAGKTT32 motif and the amino acid residue T31 of gcARF1 were indispensable for the function of gcARF1 in promoting GCRV replication and infection. Taken together, it is demonstrated that the GTPase activity of gcARF1 is required for efficient replication of GCRV and that host GTPase ARF1 is closely related with the generation of VIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Riye Lu
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songying Ouyang
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Xian Chang, ; Songying Ouyang,
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Xian Chang, ; Songying Ouyang,
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15
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Agaoua A, Rittener V, Troadec C, Desbiez C, Bendahmane A, Moquet F, Dogimont C. A single substitution in Vacuolar protein sorting 4 is responsible for resistance to Watermelon mosaic virus in melon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4008-4021. [PMID: 35394500 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, introgression of genetic resistance is a proven strategy for developing new resistant lines. While host proteins involved in genome replication and cell to cell movement are widely studied, other cell mechanisms responsible for virus infection remain under investigated. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) play a key role in membrane trafficking in plants and are involved in the replication of several plant RNA viruses. In this work, we describe the role of the ESCRT protein CmVPS4 as a new susceptibility factor to the Potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in melon. Using a worldwide collection of melons, we identified three different alleles carrying non-synonymous substitutions in CmVps4. Two of these alleles were shown to be associated with WMV resistance. Using a complementation approach, we demonstrated that resistance is due to a single non-synonymous substitution in the allele CmVps4P30R. This work opens up new avenues of research on a new family of host factors required for virus infection and new targets for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimeric Agaoua
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables (GAFL-INRAE), 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Vincent Rittener
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables (GAFL-INRAE), 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Dogimont
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables (GAFL-INRAE), 84000 Avignon, France
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16
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Abstract
Birnaviruses are members of the Birnaviridae family, responsible for major economic losses to poultry and aquaculture. The family is composed of non-enveloped viruses with a segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the prototypic family member, is the etiological agent of Gumboro disease, a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in the poultry industry worldwide. We previously demonstrated that IBDV hijacks the endocytic pathway for establishing the viral replication complexes on endosomes associated with the Golgi complex (GC). In this work, we report that IBDV reorganizes the GC to localize the endosome-associated replication complexes without affecting its secretory functionality. Analyzing crucial proteins involved in the secretory pathway, we showed the essential requirement of Rab1b for viral replication. Rab1b comprises a key regulator of GC transport and we demonstrate that transfecting the negative mutant Rab1b N121I or knocking down Rab1b expression by RNA interference significantly reduces the yield of infectious viral progeny. Furthermore, we showed that the Rab1b downstream effector Golgi-specific BFA resistance factor 1 (GBF1), which activates the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), is required for IBDV replication since inhibiting its activity by treatment with brefeldin A (BFA) or Golgicide A (GCA) significantly reduces the yield of infectious viral progeny. Finally, we show that ARF1 dominant negative-mutant T31N over-expression hampered the IBDV infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IBDV requires the function of the Rab1b-GBF1-ARF1 axis to promote its replication, making a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cell interactions. IMPORTANCE Birnaviruses are unconventional members of the dsRNA viruses, being the lack of a transcriptionally active core the main differential feature. This structural trait, among others that resemble the plus single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses features, suggests that birnaviruses might follow a different replication program from that conducted by prototypical dsRNA members and have argued the hypothesis that birnaviruses could be evolutionary links between +ssRNA and dsRNA viruses. Here, we present original data showing the IBDV-induced GC reorganization and the crosstalk between IBDV and the Rab1b-GBF1-ARF1 mediated intracellular trafficking pathway. The replication of several +ssRNA viruses depends on the cellular protein GBF1, but its role in the replication process is not clear. Thus, our findings make a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cells and provide further evidence supporting the proposed evolutionary connection role of birnaviruses, an aspect which we consider especially relevant for researchers working in the virology field.
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Zhang M, Gong P, Ge L, Chang Z, Cheng X, Zhou X, Wang A, Li F. Nuclear exportin 1 facilitates turnip mosaic virus infection by exporting the sumoylated viral replicase and by repressing plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1382-1398. [PMID: 34327705 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exportin 1/XPO1 is an important nuclear export receptor that binds directly to cargo proteins and translocates the cargo proteins to the cytoplasm. To understand XPO1 protein functions during potyvirus infections, we investigated the nuclear export of the NIb protein encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Previously, we found that NIb is transported to the nucleus after translation and sumoylated by the sumoylation (small ubiquitin-like modifier) pathway to support viral infection. Here, we report that XPO1 interacts with NIb to facilitate translocation from the nucleus to the viral replication complexes (VRCs) that accumulate in the perinuclear regions of TuMV-infected cells. XPO1 contains two NIb-binding domains that recognize and interact with NIb in the nucleus and in the perinuclear regions, respectively, which facilitates TuMV replication. Moreover, XPO1 is involved in nuclear export of the sumoylated NIb and host factors tagged with SUMO3 that is essential for suppression of plant immunity in the nucleus. Deficiencies of XPO1 in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants inhibit TuMV replication and infection. These data demonstrate that XPO1 functions as a host factor in TuMV infection by regulating NIb nucleocytoplasmic transport and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linhao Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Hinge VR, Chavhan RL, Kale SP, Suprasanna P, Kadam US. Engineering Resistance Against Viruses in Field Crops Using CRISPR- Cas9. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:214-231. [PMID: 34975291 PMCID: PMC8640848 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210412102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security is threatened by various biotic stresses that affect the growth and production of agricultural crops. Viral diseases have become a serious concern for crop plants as they incur huge yield losses. The enhancement of host resistance against plant viruses is a priority for the effective management of plant viral diseases. However, in the present context of the climate change scenario, plant viruses are rapidly evolving, resulting in the loss of the host resistance mechanism. Advances in genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated 9], have been recognized as promising tools for the development of plant virus resistance. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool is widely preferred due to high target specificity, simplicity, efficiency, and reproducibility. CRISPR-Cas9 based virus resistance in plants has been successfully achieved by gene targeting and cleaving the viral genome or altering the plant genome to enhance plant innate immunity. In this article, we have described the CRISPR-Cas9 system, mechanism of plant immunity against viruses and highlighted the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to engineer virus resistance in plants. We also discussed prospects and challenges on the use of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated plant virus resistance in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulhas S. Kadam
- Address correspondenceto this author at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany; E-mail: ,
‡Present Address: Division of Life Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyenongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea; E-mail:
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19
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Agaoua A, Bendahmane A, Moquet F, Dogimont C. Membrane Trafficking Proteins: A New Target to Identify Resistance to Viruses in Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102139. [PMID: 34685948 PMCID: PMC8541145 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Replication cycles from most simple-stranded positive RNA viruses infecting plants involve endomembrane deformations. Recent published data revealed several interactions between viral proteins and plant proteins associated with vesicle formation and movement. These plant proteins belong to the COPI/II, SNARE, clathrin and ESCRT endomembrane trafficking mechanisms. In a few cases, variations of these plant proteins leading to virus resistance have been identified. In this review, we summarize all known interactions between these plant cell mechanisms and viruses and highlight strategies allowing fast identification of variant alleles for membrane-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimeric Agaoua
- INRAE Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), 84140 Montfavet, France;
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Evry, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | | | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), 84140 Montfavet, France;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Yang X, Li Y, Wang A. Research Advances in Potyviruses: From the Laboratory Bench to the Field. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:1-29. [PMID: 33891829 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potyviruses (viruses in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) constitute the largest group of known plant-infecting RNA viruses and include many agriculturally important viruses that cause devastating epidemics and significant yield losses in many crops worldwide. Several potyviruses are recognized as the most economically important viral pathogens. Therefore, potyviruses are more studied than other groups of plant viruses. In the past decade, a large amount of knowledge has been generated to better understand potyviruses and their infection process. In this review, we list the top 10 economically important potyviruses and present a brief profile of each. We highlight recent exciting findings on the novel genome expression strategy and the biological functions of potyviral proteins and discuss recent advances in molecular plant-potyvirus interactions, particularly regarding the coevolutionary arms race. Finally, we summarize current disease control strategies, with a focus on biotechnology-based genetic resistance, and point out future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada;
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada;
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada;
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21
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Gao J, Chen T, Jiang C, Wang T, Huang O, Zhang X, Liu J. Comparative anatomical and transcriptomic analyses of the color variation of leaves in Aquilaria sinensis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11586. [PMID: 34221719 PMCID: PMC8231315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Color variation in plant tissues is a common phenomenon accompanied with a series of biological changes. In this study, a special-phenotype Aquilaria sinensis (GS) with color variation of leaf was firstly reported, and DNA barcode sequences showed GS samples could not be discriminated clearly with the normal A. sinensis sample (NS), which suggested that the variety was not the cause of the GS formation. To reveal the characteristics of GS compared to NS, the anatomical and transcriptome sequencing studies were carried out. In microscopic observation, the leaves of golden-vein-leaf sample (LGS) and normal-vein-leaf sample (LNS) showed significant differences including the area of the included phloem in midrib and the thickness parameters of palisade and spongy tissues; the stems of golden-vein-leaf sample (SGS) and normal-vein-leaf sample (SNS) were also different in many aspects such as the area of vessels and included phloem. In addition, the structure of chloroplast was more complete in the midrib of LNS than that of LGS, and some particles suspected as virus were found through transmission electron microscope as well. Genes upregulated in LGS in contrast with LNS were mainly enriched in photosynthesis. As for stems, most of the genes upregulated in SGS compared to SNS were involved in translation and metabolism processes. The pathways about photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism as well as some important transcription factors may explain the molecular mechanism of the unique phenotypes of leaves and the genes related to suberin biosynthesis may result in the difference of stems. In addition, the genes about defense response especially biotic stress associated with numerous pathogenesis-related (PR) genes upregulated in LGS compared to LNS indicated that the pathogen may be the internal factor. Taken together, our results reveal the macro- and micro-phenotype variations as well as gene expression profiles between GS and NS, which could provide valuable clues for elucidating the mechanism of the color variation of Aquilaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Gao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tielin Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Huang
- Guangdong Shangzhengtang Group Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Q, Liu N, Liu Q, Zheng X, Lu L, Gao W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wang Q, Pan J, Chen C, Mi Y, Yang M, Cheng X, Ren G, Yuan YW, Zhang X. DEAD-box helicases modulate dicing body formation in Arabidopsis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabc6266. [PMID: 33910901 PMCID: PMC8081359 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain numerous membraneless organelles that are made from liquid droplets of proteins and nucleic acids and that provide spatiotemporal control of various cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and rapid stress-induced alterations of these organelles are relatively uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the roles of DEAD-box helicases in the formation and alteration of membraneless nuclear dicing bodies (D-bodies) in Arabidopsis thaliana We uncovered that RNA helicase 6 (RH6), RH8, and RH12 are previously unidentified D-body components. These helicases interact with and promote the phase separation of SERRATE, a key component of D-bodies, and drive the formation of D-bodies through liquid-liquid phase separations (LLPSs). The accumulation of these helicases in the nuclei decreases upon Turnip mosaic virus infections, which couples with the decrease of D-bodies. Our results thus reveal the key roles of RH6, RH8, and RH12 in modulating D-body formation via LLPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ningkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Zheng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenrui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingjie Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guodong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Du K, Jiang T, Chen H, Murphy AM, Carr JP, Du Z, Li X, Fan Z, Zhou T. Viral Perturbation of Alternative Splicing of a Host Transcript Benefits Infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1514-1531. [PMID: 32958561 PMCID: PMC7608148 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens disturb alternative splicing patterns of infected eukaryotic hosts. However, in plants it is unknown if this is incidental to infection or represents a pathogen-induced remodeling of host gene expression needed to support infection. Here, we compared changes in transcription and protein accumulation with changes in transcript splicing patterns in maize (Zea mays) infected with the globally important pathogen sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Our results suggested that changes in alternative splicing play a major role in determining virus-induced proteomic changes. Focusing on maize phytoene synthase1 (ZmPSY1), which encodes the key regulatory enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, we found that although SCMV infection decreases total ZmPSY1 transcript accumulation, the proportion of splice variant T001 increases by later infection stages so that ZmPSY1 protein levels are maintained. We determined that ZmPSY1 has two leaf-specific transcripts, T001 and T003, distinguished by differences between the respective 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). The shorter 3'-UTR of T001 makes it the more efficient mRNA. Nonsense ZmPSY1 mutants or virus-induced silencing of ZmPSY1 expression suppressed SCMV accumulation, attenuated symptoms, and decreased chloroplast damage. Thus, ZmPSY1 acts as a proviral host factor that is required for virus accumulation and pathogenesis. Taken together, our findings reveal that SCMV infection-modulated alternative splicing ensures that ZmPSY1 synthesis is sustained during infection, which supports efficient virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitong Du
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Alex M Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - John P Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiyou Du
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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24
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López‐González S, Navarro JA, Pacios LF, Sardaru P, Pallás V, Sánchez F, Ponz F. Association between flower stalk elongation, an Arabidopsis developmental trait, and the subcellular location and movement dynamics of the nonstructural protein P3 of Turnip mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1271-1286. [PMID: 32737952 PMCID: PMC7488469 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infections affect plant developmental traits but this aspect of the interaction has not been extensively studied so far. Two strains of Turnip mosaic virus differentially affect Arabidopsis development, especially flower stalk elongation, which allowed phenotypical, cellular, and molecular characterization of the viral determinant, the P3 protein. Transiently expressed wild-type green fluorescent protein-tagged P3 proteins of both strains and selected mutants of them revealed important differences in their behaviour as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated peripheral proteins flowing along the reticulum, forming punctate accumulations. Three-dimensional (3D) model structures of all expressed P3 proteins were computationally constructed through I-TASSER protein structure predictions, which were used to compute protein surfaces and map electrostatic potentials to characterize the effect of amino acid changes on features related to protein interactions and to phenotypical and subcellular results. The amino acid at position 279 was the main determinant affecting stalk development. It also determined the speed of ER-flow of the expressed proteins and their final location. A marked change in the protein surface electrostatic potential correlated with changes in subcellular location. One single amino acid in the P3 viral protein determines all the analysed differential characteristics between strains differentially affecting flower stalk development. A model proposing a role of the protein in the intracellular movement of the viral replication complex, in association with the viral 6K2 protein, is proposed. The type of association between both viral proteins could differ between the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC), IBMCPValenciaSpain
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
| | - Papaiah Sardaru
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV‐CSIC), IBMCPValenciaSpain
| | - Flora Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM‐INIA)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
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Pottinger SE, Innes RW. RPS5-Mediated Disease Resistance: Fundamental Insights and Translational Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 58:139-160. [PMID: 32284014 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Focusing on the discovery and characterization of the Arabidopsis disease resistance protein RPS5 and its guardee PBS1, this review discusses work done in the Innes laboratory from the initial identification of the RPS5 gene in 1995 to the recent deployment of the PBS1 decoy system in crops. This is done through discussion of the structure, function, and signaling environment of RPS5 and PBS1, highlighting collaborations and influential ideas along the way. RPS5, a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein, is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of PBS1. We have shown that the cleavage site within PBS1 can be altered to contain cleavage sites for other proteases, enabling RPS5 activation by these proteases, thereby conferring resistance to different pathogens. This decoy approach has since been translated into crop species using endogenous PBS1 orthologs and holds strong potential for GMO-free development of new genetic resistance against important crop pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Pottinger
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA;
| | - Roger W Innes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA;
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26
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27
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Ibrahim A, Yang X, Liu C, Cooper KD, Bishop BA, Zhu M, Kwon S, Schoelz JE, Nelson RS. Plant SNAREs SYP22 and SYP23 interact with Tobacco mosaic virus 126 kDa protein and SYP2s are required for normal local virus accumulation and spread. Virology 2020; 547:57-71. [PMID: 32560905 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Viral proteins often interact with multiple host proteins during virus accumulation and spread. Identities and functions of all interacting host proteins are not known. Through a yeast two-hybrid screen an Arabidopsis thaliana Qa-SNARE protein [syntaxin of plants 23 (AtSYP23)], associated with pre-vacuolar compartment and vacuolar membrane fusion activities, interacted with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 126 kDa protein, associated with virus accumulation and spread. In planta, AtSYP23 and AtSYP22 each fused with mCherry, co-localized with 126 kDa protein-GFP. Additionally, A. thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana SYP2 proteins and 126 kDa protein interacted during bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. Decreased TMV accumulation in Arabidopsis plants lacking SYP23 and in N. benthamiana plants subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of SYP2 orthologs was observed. Diminished TMV accumulation during VIGS correlated with less intercellular virus spread. The inability to eliminate virus accumulation suggests that SYP2 proteins function redundantly for TMV accumulation, as for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ibrahim
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA; Department of Nucleic Acid and Protein Structure, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Chengke Liu
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | | | - Min Zhu
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - James E Schoelz
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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28
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Kannan M, Zainal Z, Ismail I, Baharum SN, Bunawan H. Application of Reverse Genetics in Functional Genomics of Potyvirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080803. [PMID: 32722532 PMCID: PMC7472138 DOI: 10.3390/v12080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous potyvirus studies, including virus biology, transmission, viral protein function, as well as virus–host interaction, have greatly benefited from the utilization of reverse genetic techniques. Reverse genetics of RNA viruses refers to the manipulation of viral genomes, transfection of the modified cDNAs into cells, and the production of live infectious progenies, either wild-type or mutated. Reverse genetic technology provides an opportunity of developing potyviruses into vectors for improving agronomic traits in plants, as a reporter system for tracking virus infection in hosts or a production system for target proteins. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the breakthroughs achieved in potyvirus research through the implementation of reverse genetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathavi Kannan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-8921-4554
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[Recessive resistance to plant viruses by the deficiency of eukaryotic translation initiation factor genes.]. Uirusu 2020; 70:61-68. [PMID: 33967115 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.70.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses, obligate parasitic pathogens, utilize a variety of host plant factors in the process of their infection due to the limited number of genes encoded in their own genomes. The genes encoding these host factors are called susceptibility genes because they are responsible for the susceptibility of plants to viruses. Plants lacking or having mutations in a susceptibility gene essential for the infection of a virus acquire resistance to the virus. Such resistance trait is called recessive resistance because of the recessive inherited characteristics. Recessive resistance is reported to account for about half of the plant viral resistance loci mapped in known cultivated crops. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E family genes are well-known susceptibility genes. Although there are many reports about eIF4E-mediated recessive resistance to plant viruses, the mechanistic insight of the resistance is still limited. Here we review focusing on studies that have elucidated the mechanism of eIF4E-mediated recessive resistance.
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Rodamilans B, Valli A, García JA. Molecular Plant-Plum Pox Virus Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:6-17. [PMID: 31454296 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plum pox virus, the agent that causes sharka disease, is among the most important plant viral pathogens, affecting Prunus trees across the globe. The fabric of interactions that the virus is able to establish with the plant regulates its life cycle, including RNA uncoating, translation, replication, virion assembly, and movement. In addition, plant-virus interactions are strongly conditioned by host specificities, which determine infection outcomes, including resistance. This review attempts to summarize the latest knowledge regarding Plum pox virus-host interactions, giving a comprehensive overview of their relevance for viral infection and plant survival, including the latest advances in genetic engineering of resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodamilans
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Valli
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Niehl A, Heinlein M. Perception of double-stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1203-1210. [PMID: 30942534 PMCID: PMC6715784 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing and antiviral pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) both rely on recognition of double-stranded (ds)RNAs as defence-inducing signals. While dsRNA recognition by dicer-like proteins during antiviral RNA silencing is thoroughly investigated, the molecular mechanisms involved in dsRNA perception leading to antiviral PTI are just about to be untangled. Parallels to antimicrobial PTI thereby only partially facilitate our view on antiviral PTI. PTI against microbial pathogens involves plasma membrane bound receptors; however, dsRNAs produced during virus infection occur intracellularly. Hence, how dsRNA may be perceived during this immune response is still an open question. In this short review, we describe recent discoveries in PTI signalling upon sensing of microbial patterns and endogenous 'danger' molecules with emphasis on immune signalling-associated subcellular trafficking processes in plants. Based on these studies, we develop different scenarios how dsRNAs could be sensed during antiviral PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Niehl
- Julius Kühn‐Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsMesseweg 11‐12D‐38104BraunschweigGermany
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR235712 rue du Général ZimmerF‐67000StrasbourgFrance
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Movahed N, Cabanillas DG, Wan J, Vali H, Laliberté JF, Zheng H. Turnip Mosaic Virus Components Are Released into the Extracellular Space by Vesicles in Infected Leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1375-1388. [PMID: 31019004 PMCID: PMC6752911 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) reorganizes the endomembrane system of the infected cell to generate endoplasmic-reticulum-derived motile vesicles containing viral replication complexes. The membrane-associated viral protein 6K2 plays a key role in the formation of these vesicles. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that this viral protein, a marker for viral replication complexes, localized in the extracellular space of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Previously, we showed that viral RNA is associated with multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Here, using transmission electron microscopy, we observed the proliferation of MVBs during infection and their fusion with the plasma membrane that resulted in the release of their intraluminal vesicles in the extracellular space. Immunogold labeling with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes double-stranded RNA indicated that the released vesicles contained viral RNA. Focused ion beam-extreme high-resolution scanning electron microscopy was used to generate a three-dimensional image that showed extracellular vesicles in the cell wall. The presence of TuMV proteins in the extracellular space was confirmed by proteomic analysis of purified extracellular vesicles from N benthamiana and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Host proteins involved in biotic defense and in interorganelle vesicular exchange were also detected. The association of extracellular vesicles with viral proteins and RNA emphasizes the implication of the plant extracellular space in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Movahed
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Daniel Garcia Cabanillas
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Laliberté
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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Sahu J, Panda D, Baruah G, Patar L, Sen P, Borah BK, Modi MK. Revealing shared differential co-expression profiles in rice infected by virus from reoviridae and sequiviridae group. Gene 2019; 698:82-91. [PMID: 30825599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differential co-expression is a cutting-edge approach to analyze gene expression data and identify both shared and divergent expression patterns. The availability of high-throughput gene expression datasets and efficient computational approaches have unfolded the opportunity to a systems level understanding of functional genomics of different stresses with respect to plants. We performed the meta-analysis of the available microarray data for reoviridae and sequiviridae infection in rice with the aim to identify the shared gene co-expression profile. The microarray data were downloaded from ArrayExpress and analyzed through a modified Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) protocol. WGCNA clustered the genes based on the expression intensities across the samples followed by identification of modules, eigengenes, principal components, topology overlap, module membership and module preservation. The module preservation analysis identified 4 modules; salmon (638 genes), midnightblue (584 genes), lightcyan (686 genes) and red (562 genes), which are highly preserved in both the cases. The networks in case of reoviridae infection showed neatly packed clusters whereas, in sequiviridae, the clusters were loosely connected which is due to the differences in the correlation values. We also identified 83 common transcription factors targeting the hub genes from all the identified modules. This study provides a coherent view of the comparative aspect of the expression of common genes involved in different virus infections which may aid in the identification of novel targets and development of new intervention strategy against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagajjit Sahu
- Distributed Information Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India; DBT-North East Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology (DBT-NECAB), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Distributed Information Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Geetanjali Baruah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Lochana Patar
- Distributed Information Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Priyabrata Sen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Borah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Modi
- Distributed Information Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India.
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Movahed N, Sun J, Vali H, Laliberté JF, Zheng H. A Host ER Fusogen Is Recruited by Turnip Mosaic Virus for Maturation of Viral Replication Vesicles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:507-518. [PMID: 30538165 PMCID: PMC6426418 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Like other positive-strand RNA viruses, the Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection leads to the formation of viral vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once released from the ER, the viral vesicles mature intracellularly and then move intercellularly. While it is known that the membrane-associated viral protein 6K2 plays a role in the process, the contribution of host proteins has been poorly defined. In this article, we show that 6K2 interacts with RHD3, an ER fusogen required for efficient ER fusion. When RHD3 is mutated, a delay in the development of TuMV infection is observed. We found that the replication of TuMV and the cell-to-cell movement of its replication vesicles are impaired in rhd3 This defect can be tracked to a delayed maturation of the viral vesicles from the replication incompetent to the competent state. Furthermore, 6K2 can relocate RHD3 from the ER to viral vesicles. However, a Golgi-localized mutated 6K2GV is unable to interact and relocate RHD3 to viral vesicles. We conclude that the maturation of TuMV replication vesicles requires RHD3 for efficient viral replication and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Movahed
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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Zhao J, Xu J, Chen B, Cui W, Zhou Z, Song X, Chen Z, Zheng H, Lin L, Peng J, Lu Y, Deng Z, Chen J, Yan F. Characterization of Proteins Involved in Chloroplast Targeting Disturbed by Rice Stripe Virus by Novel Protoplast⁻Chloroplast Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E253. [PMID: 30634635 PMCID: PMC6358847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens in rice and can also cause the general chlorosis symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The chloroplast changes associated with chlorosis symptom suggest that RSV interrupts normal chloroplast functions. Although the change of proteins of the whole cell or inside the chloroplast in response to RSV infection have been revealed by proteomics, the mechanisms resulted in chloroplast-related symptoms and the crucial factors remain to be elucidated. RSV infection caused the malformation of chloroplast structure and a global reduction of chloroplast membrane protein complexes in N. benthamiana plants. Here, both the protoplast proteome and the chloroplast proteome were acquired simultaneously upon RSV infection, and the proteins in each fraction were analyzed. In the protoplasts, 1128 proteins were identified, among which 494 proteins presented significant changes during RSV; meanwhile, 659 proteins were identified from the chloroplasts, and 279 of these chloroplast proteins presented significant change. According to the label-free LC⁻MS/MS data, 66 nucleus-encoded chloroplast-related proteins (ChRPs), which only reduced in chloroplast but not in the whole protoplast, were identified, indicating that these nuclear-encoded ChRPswere not transported to chloroplasts during RSV infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting to chloroplast, where 3 crucial ChRPs (K4CSN4, K4CR23, and K4BXN9) were involved in the regulation of protein targeting into chloroplast. In addition to these 3 proteins, 41 among the 63 candidate proteins were characterized to have chloroplast transit peptides. These results indicated that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting into chloroplast and the location of ChRPs through crucial protein factors, which illuminated a new layer of RSV⁻host interaction that might contribute to the symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75252, USA.
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Binghua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xijiao Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiping Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Souza PFN, Carvalho FEL. Killing two birds with one stone: How do Plant Viruses Break Down Plant Defenses and Manipulate Cellular Processes to Replicate Themselves? JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY = SINGMUL HAKHOE CHI 2019; 62:170-180. [PMID: 32218684 PMCID: PMC7090608 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-019-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As simple organisms with a parasite nature, viruses have become masters in manipulating and subvert cellular components, including host proteins and organelles, to improve viral replication. Therefore, the understanding of viral strategies to manipulate cell function disrupting plant defenses and enhancing viral infection cycles is fundamental to the production of virus-resistant plant lines. After invading susceptible plants, viruses create conditions that favor local and systemic infections by suppressing multiple layers of innate host defenses while use cellular machinery to own benefit. Viral interference in interlinked essential cellular functions results in phenotypic changes and disease symptoms, which debilitates plants favoring infection establishment. Herein in this review, the novelty it will be the discussion about the strategies used by (+) single strand RNA viruses to affect cellular processes and components to improve viral replication, in parallel to overcome plant defenses, favoring disease establishment by applying in one action using the same viral protein to coordinate viral replication and breaking down plant defense. This focus on plant-virus interaction was never done before, and this knowledge has the potential to help in the development of new strategies to produce resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara Brazil
- Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska USA
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Sun H, Shen L, Qin Y, Liu X, Hao K, Li Y, Wang J, Yang J, Wang F. CLC-Nt1 affects Potato Virus Y infection via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum luminal Ph. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:539-552. [PMID: 30022473 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloride channel (CLC) proteins are important anion transporters conserved in organisms ranging from bacteria and yeast to plants and animals. According to sequence comparison, some plant CLCs are predicted to function as Cl- /H+ antiporters, but not Cl- channels. However, no direct evidence was provided to verify the role of these plant CLCs in regulating the pH of the intracellular compartment. We identified tobacco CLC-Nt1 interacting with the Potato virus Y (PVY) 6K2 protein. To investigate its physiological function, homologous genes of CLC-Nt1 in Nicotiana benthamiana were knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Complementation experiments were subsequently performed by expression of wild-type or point-mutated CLC-Nt1 in knockout mutants. The data presented herein demonstrate that CLC-Nt1 is localized at endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using a pH-sensitive fluorescent protein (pHluorin), we found that loss of CLC-Nt1 function resulted in a decreased ER luminal pH. Secreted GFP (secGFP) was retained mostly in ER in knockout mutants, indicating that CLC-Nt1 is also involved in protein secretion. PVY infection induced a rise in ER luminal pH, which was dependent on functional CLC-Nt1. By contrast, loss of CLC-Nt1 function inhibited PVY intracellular replication and systemic infection. We propose that PVY alters ER luminal pH for infection in a CLC-Nt1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuanxia Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kaiqiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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Cabanillas DG, Jiang J, Movahed N, Germain H, Yamaji Y, Zheng H, Laliberté JF. Turnip Mosaic Virus Uses the SNARE Protein VTI11 in an Unconventional Route for Replication Vesicle Trafficking. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2594-2615. [PMID: 30150314 PMCID: PMC6241277 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Infection of plant cells by RNA viruses leads to the generation of organelle-like subcellular structures that contain the viral replication complex. During Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection of Nicotiana benthamiana, the viral membrane protein 6K2 plays a key role in the release of motile replication vesicles from the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we demonstrate that 6K2 contains a GxxxG motif within its predicted transmembrane domain that is vital for TuMV infection. Replacement of the Gly with Val within this motif inhibited virus production, and this was due to a relocation of the viral protein to the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. This indicated that passage of 6K2 through the Golgi apparatus is a dead-end avenue for virus infection. Impairing the fusion of transport vesicles between the ER and the Golgi apparatus by overexpression of the SNARE Sec22 protein resulted in enhanced intercellular virus movement. Likewise, expression of nonfunctional, Golgi-located synaptotagmin during infection enhanced TuMV intercellular movement. 6K2 copurified with VTI11, a prevacuolar compartment SNARE protein. An Arabidopsis thaliana vti11 mutant was completely resistant to TuMV infection. We conclude that TuMV replication vesicles bypass the Golgi apparatus and take an unconventional pathway that may involve prevacuolar compartments/multivesicular bodies for virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia Cabanillas
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jun Jiang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nooshin Movahed
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Laliberté
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
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Glingston RS, Deb R, Kumar S, Nagotu S. Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads. Microbes Infect 2018; 21:20-32. [PMID: 29953921 PMCID: PMC7110583 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites of the host cells. A commonly accepted view is the requirement of internal membranous structures for various aspects of viral life cycle. Organelles enable favourable intracellular environment for several viruses. However, studies reporting organelle dynamics upon viral infections are scant. In this review, we aim to summarize and highlight modulations caused to various organelles upon viral infection or expression of its proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sahaya Glingston
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Viral Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Gallo A, Valli A, Calvo M, García JA. A Functional Link between RNA Replication and Virion Assembly in the Potyvirus Plum Pox Virus. J Virol 2018; 92:e02179-17. [PMID: 29444942 PMCID: PMC5899180 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02179-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assembly of viral particles in the potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV) has been shown to depend on the contribution of the multifunctional viral protein HCPro. In this study, we show that other viral factors, in addition to the capsid protein (CP) and HCPro, are necessary for the formation of stable PPV virions. The CP produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves from a subviral RNA termed LONG, which expresses a truncated polyprotein that lacks P1 and HCPro, together with HCPro supplied in trans, was assembled into virus-like particles and remained stable after in vitro incubation. In contrast, deletions in multiple regions of the LONG coding sequence prevented the CP stabilization mediated by HCPro. In particular, we demonstrated that the first 178 amino acids of P3, but not a specific nucleotide sequence coding for them, are required for CP stability and proper assembly of PPV particles. Using a sequential coagroinfiltration assay, we observed that the subviral LONG RNA replicates and locally spreads in N. benthamiana leaves expressing an RNA silencing suppressor. The analysis of the effect of both point and deletion mutations affecting RNA replication in LONG and full-length PPV demonstrated that this process is essential for the assembly of stable viral particles. Interestingly, in spite of this requirement, the CP produced by a nonreplicating viral RNA can be stably assembled into virions as long as it is coexpressed with a replication-proficient RNA. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of coupling encapsidation to other viral processes to secure a successful infection.IMPORTANCE Viruses of the family Potyviridae are among the most dangerous threats for basically every important crop, and such socioeconomical relevance has made them a subject of many research studies. In spite of this, very little is currently known about proteins and processes controlling viral genome encapsidation by the coat protein. In the case of Plum pox virus (genus Potyvirus), for instance, we have previously shown that the multitasking viral factor HCPro plays a role in the production of stable virions. Here, by using this potyvirus as a model, we move further to show that additional factors are also necessary for the efficient production of potyviral particles. More importantly, a comprehensive screening for such factors led us to the identification of a functional link between virus replication and packaging, unraveling a previously unknown connection of these two key events of the potyviral infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araiz Gallo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Valli
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Jin X, Cao X, Wang X, Jiang J, Wan J, Laliberté JF, Zhang Y. Three-Dimensional Architecture and Biogenesis of Membrane Structures Associated with Plant Virus Replication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29441085 PMCID: PMC5797596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Positive-sense (+) RNA viruses represent the most abundant group of viruses and are dependent on the host cell machinery to replicate. One remarkable feature that occurs after (+) RNA virus entry into cells is the remodeling of host endomembranes, leading to the formation of viral replication factories. Recently, rapid progress in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, such as electron tomography (ET) and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), has enabled researchers to visualize the novel membrane structures induced by viruses at high resolution. These 3D imaging technologies provide new mechanistic insights into the viral infection cycle. In this review, we summarize the latest reports on the cellular remodeling that occurs during plant virus infection; in particular, we focus on studies that provide 3D architectural information on viral replication factories. We also outline the mechanisms underlying the formation of these membranous structures and discuss possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Wan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Laliberté
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique—Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-François Laliberté
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Yongliang Zhang
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Pitzalis N, Heinlein M. The roles of membranes and associated cytoskeleton in plant virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:117-132. [PMID: 29036578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The infection of plants by viruses depends on cellular mechanisms that support the replication of the viral genomes, and the cell-to-cell and systemic movement of the virus via plasmodesmata (PD) and the connected phloem. While the propagation of some viruses requires the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, others replicate and spread between cells in association with the ER and are independent of this pathway. Using selected viruses as examples, this review re-examines the involvement of membranes and the cytoskeleton during virus infection and proposes potential roles of class VIII myosins and membrane-tethering proteins in controlling viral functions at specific ER subdomains, such as cortical microtubule-associated ER sites, ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and PD.
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Park SH, Li F, Renaud J, Shen W, Li Y, Guo L, Cui H, Sumarah M, Wang A. NbEXPA1, an α-expansin, is plasmodesmata-specific and a novel host factor for potyviral infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:846-861. [PMID: 28941316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD), unique to the plant kingdom, are structurally complex microchannels that cross the cell wall to establish symplastic communication between neighbouring cells. Viral intercellular movement occurs through PD. To better understand the involvement of PD in viral infection, we conducted a quantitative proteomic study on the PD-enriched fraction from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves in response to infection by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We report the identification of a total of 1070 PD protein candidates, of which 100 (≥2-fold increase) and 48 (≥2-fold reduction) are significantly differentially accumulated in the PD-enriched fraction, when compared with protein levels in the corresponding healthy control. Among the differentially accumulated PD protein candidates, we show that an α-expansin designated NbEXPA1, a cell wall loosening protein, is PD-specific. TuMV infection downregulates NbEXPA1 mRNA expression and protein accumulation. We further demonstrate that NbEXPA1 is recruited to the viral replication complex via the interaction with NIb, the only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of TuMV. Silencing of NbEXPA1 inhibits plant growth and TuMV infection, whereas overexpression of NbEXPA1 promotes viral replication and intercellular movement. These data suggest that NbEXPA1 is a host factor for potyviral infection. This study not only generates a PD-proteome dataset that is useful in future studies to expound PD biology and PD-mediated virus-host interactions but also characterizes NbEXPA1 as the first PD-specific cell wall loosening protein and its essential role in potyviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Park
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fangfang Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Justin Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Wentao Shen
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lihua Guo
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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44
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Movahed N, Patarroyo C, Sun J, Vali H, Laliberté JF, Zheng H. Cylindrical Inclusion Protein of Turnip Mosaic Virus Serves as a Docking Point for the Intercellular Movement of Viral Replication Vesicles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1732-1744. [PMID: 29089395 PMCID: PMC5717746 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses move from the initially infected cell to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata (PDs). To do so, viruses encode dedicated protein(s) that facilitate this process. How viral proteins act together to support the intercellular movement of viruses is poorly defined. Here, by using an infection-free intercellular vesicle movement assay, we investigate the action of CI (cylindrical inclusion) and P3N-PIPO (amino-terminal half of P3 fused to Pretty Interesting Potyviridae open reading frame), the two PD-localized potyviral proteins encoded by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), in the intercellular movement of the viral replication vesicles. We provide evidence that CI and P3N-PIPO are sufficient to support the PD targeting and intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles induced by 6K2, a viral protein responsible for the generation of replication vesicles. 6K2 interacts with CI but not P3N-PIPO. When this interaction is impaired, the intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles is inhibited. Furthermore, in transmission electron microscopy, vesicular structures are observed in connection with the cylindrical inclusion bodies at structurally modified PDs in cells coexpressing 6K2, CI, and P3N-PIPO. CI is directed to PDs through its interaction with P3N-PIPO. We hypothesize that CI serves as a docking point for PD targeting and the intercellular movement of TuMV replication vesicles. This work contributes to a better understanding of the roles of different viral proteins in coordinating the intercellular movement of viral replication vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Movahed
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Camilo Patarroyo
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A1, Canada
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Lamm CE, Kraner ME, Hofmann J, Börnke F, Mock HP, Sonnewald U. Hop/Sti1 - A Two-Faced Cochaperone Involved in Pattern Recognition Receptor Maturation and Viral Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1754. [PMID: 29075278 PMCID: PMC5641557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perception of pathogens by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or R proteins is a prerequisite to promote successful immune responses. The Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein Hop/Sti1, a multifunctional cochaperone, has been implicated in the maturation of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) necessary for chitin sensing. However, it remains unknown whether Hop/Sti1 is generally participating in PRR genesis. Using RNA-interference (RNAi), we silenced Hop/Sti1 expression in Nicotiana tabacum to gain further insight into the role of the cochaperone in plant defense responses. As expected, transgenic plants do not respond to chitin treatment anymore. In contrast to this, trafficking and functionality of the flagellin PRR FLS2 were unaltered, suggesting a selective involvement of Hop/Sti1 during PRR maturation. Furthermore, Hop/Sti1 was identified as a cellular determinant of Potato virus Y (PVY) symptom development in tobacco, since PVY was able to accumulate to near wild-type level without provoking the usual veinal necrosis phenotype. In addition, typical antiviral host defense responses were suppressed in the transgenic plants. These data suggest that perception of PVY is dependent on Hop/Sti1-mediated receptor maturation, while viral symptoms represent a failing attempt to restrict PVY spread. In addition, Hop/Sti1 colocalized with virus-induced membrane aggregates in wild-type plants. The retention of Hop/Sti1 in potential viral replication complexes suggests a role during viral translation/replication, explaining why RNAi-lines do not exhibit increased susceptibility to PVY. This study provides evidence for a dual role of Hop/Sti1 in PRR maturation and pathogen perception as well as in promoting viral proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Lamm
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max. E. Kraner
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Börnke
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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46
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Qiao W, Medina V, Falk BW. Inspirations on Virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement from Studies Examining the Cytopathology Induced by Lettuce infectious yellows virus in Plant Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1672. [PMID: 29021801 PMCID: PMC5623981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) is the type member of the genus Crinivirus in the family Closteroviridae. Like many other positive-strand RNA viruses, LIYV infections induce a number of cytopathic changes in plant cells, of which the two most characteristic are: Beet yellows virus-type inclusion bodies composed of vesicles derived from cytoplasmic membranes; and conical plasmalemma deposits (PLDs) located at the plasmalemma over plasmodesmata pit fields. The former are not only found in various closterovirus infections, but similar structures are known as 'viral factories' or viroplasms in cells infected with diverse types of animal and plant viruses. These are generally sites of virus replication, virion assembly and in some cases are involved in cell-to-cell transport. By contrast, PLDs induced by the LIYV-encoded P26 non-virion protein are not involved in replication but are speculated to have roles in virus intercellular movement. These deposits often harbor LIYV virions arranged to be perpendicular to the plasma membrane over plasmodesmata, and our recent studies show that P26 is required for LIYV systemic plant infection. The functional mechanism of how LIYV P26 facilitates intercellular movement remains unclear, however, research on other plant viruses provides some insights on the possible ways of viral intercellular movement through targeting and modifying plasmodesmata via interactions between plant cellular components and viral-encoded factors. In summary, beginning with LIYV, we review the studies that have uncovered the biological determinants giving rise to these cytopathological effects and their importance in viral replication, virion assembly and intercellular movement during the plant infection by closteroviruses, and compare these findings with those for other positive-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vicente Medina
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bryce W. Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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47
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Bruckner FP, Xavier ADS, Cascardo RDS, Otoni WC, Zerbini FM, Alfenas‐Zerbini P. Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) from tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana is necessary for successful infection by a potyvirus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:672-683. [PMID: 27159273 PMCID: PMC6638207 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) is a ubiquitously distributed protein in eukaryotes, involved in the regulation of several processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, stress protection, apoptosis and maintenance of genomic integrity. Its expression is induced during the early stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) infection by the potyvirus Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV, a close relative of Potato virus Y). Tomato TCTP is a protein of 168 amino acids, which contains all the conserved domains of the TCTP family. To study the effects of TCTP silencing in PepYMV infection, Nicotiana benthamiana plants were silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transgenic tomato plants silenced for TCTP were obtained. In the early stages of infection, both tomato and N. benthamiana silenced plants accumulated less virus than control plants. Transgenic tomato plants showed a drastic reduction in symptoms and no viral accumulation at 14 days post-inoculation. Subcellular localization of TCTP was determined in healthy and systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. TCTP was observed in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of non-infected cells, but only in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Our results indicate that TCTP is a growth regulator necessary for successful PepYMV infection and that its localization is altered by the virus, probably to favour the establishment of virus infection. A network with putative interactions that may occur between TCTP and Arabidopsis thaliana proteins was built. This network brings together experimental data of interactions that occur in other eukaryotes and helps us to discuss the possibilities of TCTP involvement in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Prieto Bruckner
- Departamento de Microbiologia/BIOAGRO/National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant‐Pest InteractionsUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐900Brazil
| | - André Da Silva Xavier
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO/National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant‐Pest InteractionsUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐900Brazil
| | - Renan De Souza Cascardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia/BIOAGRO/National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant‐Pest InteractionsUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐900Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGROUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐900Brazil
| | - Francisco Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO/National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant‐Pest InteractionsUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐900Brazil
| | - Poliane Alfenas‐Zerbini
- Departamento de Microbiologia/BIOAGRO/National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant‐Pest InteractionsUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐900Brazil
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48
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Hong JS, Ju HJ. The Plant Cellular Systems for Plant Virus Movement. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:213-228. [PMID: 28592941 PMCID: PMC5461041 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.09.2016.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PDs) are specialized intercellular channels that facilitate the exchange of various molecules, including sugars, ribonucleoprotein complexes, transcription factors, and mRNA. Their diameters, estimated to be 2.5 nm in the neck region, are too small to transfer viruses or viral genomes. Tobacco mosaic virus and Potexviruses are the most extensively studied viruses. In viruses, the movement protein (MP) is responsible for the PD gating that allows the intercellular movement of viral genomes. Various host factors interact with MP to regulate complicated mechanisms related to PD gating. Virus replication and assembly occur in viral replication complex (VRC) with membrane association, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum. VRC have a highly organized structure and are highly regulated by interactions among the various host factors, proteins encoded by the viral genome, and the viral genome. Virus trafficking requires host machineries, such as the cytoskeleton and the secretory systems. MP facilitates the virus replication and movement process. Despite the current level of understanding of virus movement, there are still many unknown and complex interactions between virus replication and virus movement. While numerous studies have been conducted to understand plant viruses with regards to cell-to-cell movement and replication, there are still many knowledge gaps. To study these interactions, adequate research tools must be used such as molecular, and biochemical techniques. Without such tools, virologists will not be able to gain an accurate or detailed understanding of the virus infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Hong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ho-Jong Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agricultural Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Plant Medicinal Research Center, College of Agricultural Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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49
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Gaguancela OA, Zúñiga LP, Arias AV, Halterman D, Flores FJ, Johansen IE, Wang A, Yamaji Y, Verchot J. The IRE1/bZIP60 Pathway and Bax Inhibitor 1 Suppress Systemic Accumulation of Potyviruses and Potexviruses in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:750-766. [PMID: 27578623 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-16-0147-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The inositol requiring enzyme (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor. When activated, it splices the bZIP60 mRNA, producing a truncated transcription factor that upregulates genes involved in the unfolded protein response. Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is another ER stress sensor that regulates cell death in response to environmental assaults. The potyvirus 6K2 and potexvirus TGB3 proteins are known to reside in the ER, serving, respectively, as anchors for the viral replicase and movement protein complex. This study used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX) to determine that the IRE1/bZIP60 pathway and BI-1 machinery are induced early in virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Solanum tuberosum. Agrodelivery of only the potyvirus 6K2 or TGB3 genes into plant cells activated bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, N. benthamiana, and S. tuberosum. Homozygous ire1a-2, ire1b-4, and ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant Arabidopsis plants were inoculated with TuMV-GFP or PlAMV-GFP. PlAMV accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2 or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 mutant plants than in ire1b-4 or wild-type plants. TuMV-GFP accumulates to a higher level in ire1a-2, ire1b-4, or ire1a-2/ire1b-4 compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that both isoforms contribute to TuMV-GFP infection. Gene silencing was used to knock down bZIP60 and BI-1 expression in N. benthamiana. PVX-GFP and PVY-GFP accumulation was significantly elevated in these silenced plants compared with control plants. This study demonstrates that two ER stress pathways, namely IRE1/bZIP60 and the BI-1 pathway, limit systemic accumulation of potyvirus and potexvirus infection. Silencing BI-1 expression also resulted in systemic necrosis. These data suggest that ER stress-activated pathways, led by IRE1 and BI-1, respond to invading potyvirus and potexviruses to restrict virus infection and enable physiological changes enabling plants to tolerate virus assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Arias Gaguancela
- 1 Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Lizbeth Peña Zúñiga
- 1 Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Alexis Vela Arias
- 2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Dennis Halterman
- 3 Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture ARS, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Francisco Javier Flores
- 2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Ida Elisabeth Johansen
- 4 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Aiming Wang
- 5 Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, AAFC, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; and
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- 6 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- 1 Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
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50
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Song P, Zhi H, Wu B, Cui X, Chen X. Soybean Golgi SNARE 12 protein interacts with Soybean mosaic virus encoded P3N-PIPO protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1503-8. [PMID: 27553272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the Potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. It is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. P3N-PIPO, as a trans-frame protein consisting of the amino-terminal half of P3 fused to PIPO of the Potyvirus, plays a key role of viral cell-to-cell movement. This study provides evidence that Golgi SNARE 12 (designated as GOS12) protein of soybean interacts with SMV P3N-PIPO via a two-hybrid yeast system by screening a soybean cDNA library. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay further confirmed the interaction, which occurred in the cytomembrane of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. We also confirmed that the domain involved in the interaction is PIPO domain of P3N-PIPO by two-hybrid yeast system and BiFC. It is possible that the GOS12 is an essential host factor for PD targeting of P3N-PIPO protein of potyvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puwen Song
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, PR China
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Bingyue Wu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, PR China.
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