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Alfi O, Cohen M, Bar-On S, Hashimshony T, Levitt L, Raz Y, Blecher Y, Chaudhry MZ, Cicin-Sain L, Ben-El R, Oiknine-Djian E, Lahav T, Vorontsov O, Cohen A, Zakay-Rones Z, Daniel L, Berger M, Mandel-Gutfreund Y, Panet A, Wolf DG. Decidual-tissue-resident memory T cells protect against nonprimary human cytomegalovirus infection at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113698. [PMID: 38265934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common intrauterine infection, leading to infant neurodevelopmental disabilities. An improved knowledge of correlates of protection against cCMV is needed to guide prevention strategies. Here, we employ an ex vivo model of human CMV (HCMV) infection in decidual tissues of women with and without preconception immunity against CMV, recapitulating nonprimary vs. primary infection at the authentic maternofetal transmission site. We show that decidual tissues of women with preconception immunity against CMV exhibit intrinsic resistance to HCMV, mounting a rapid activation of tissue-resident memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells upon HCMV reinfection. We further reveal the role of HCMV-specific decidual-tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in local protection against nonprimary HCMV infection. The findings could inform the development of a vaccine against cCMV and provide insights for further studies of the integrity of immune defense against HCMV and other pathogens at the human maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Alfi
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mevaseret Cohen
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shikma Bar-On
- Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Hashimshony
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lorinne Levitt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Raz
- Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Blecher
- Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Zeeshan Chaudhry
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (a joint venture of HZI and MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Rina Ben-El
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Lahav
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olesya Vorontsov
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adiel Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zichria Zakay-Rones
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonor Daniel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Berger
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana G Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Hamzah ML, Kassab HJ. Formulation and Characterization of Intranasal Drug Delivery of Frovatriptan-Loaded Binary Ethosomes Gel for Brain Targeting. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:1-19. [PMID: 38249545 PMCID: PMC10799622 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s442951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frovatriptan succinate (FVT) is an effective medication used to treat migraines; however, available oral formulations suffer from low permeability; accordingly, several formulations of FVT were prepared. Objective Prepare, optimize, and evaluate FVT-BE formulation to develop enhanced intranasal binary nano-ethosome gel.. Methods Binary ethosomes were prepared using different concentrations of phospholipid PLH90, ethanol, propylene glycol, and cholesterol by thin film hydration and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Furthermore, in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo, pharmacokinetics, and histopathological studies were done. Results Regarding FVT-loaded BE, formula (F9) demonstrated the best parameters from the other formulas; with the lowest particle size (154.1±4.38 nm), lowest PDI (0.213±0.05), highest zeta potential (-46.94±1.05), and highest entrapment efficiency (89.34±2.37%). Regarding gel formulation, G2 showed the best gel formula with drug content (99.82±0.02%) and spreadability (12.88 g/cm2). In-vitro study results showed that, in the first 30 minutes, around 22.3% of the medication is released, whereas, after 24 hours, about 98.56% is released in G2. Conclusion Based on enhancing the bioavailability and sustaining the drug release, it can be concluded that the Frovatriptan-Loaded Binary ethosome Gel as nano-delivery was developed as a promising non-invasive drug delivery system for treating migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Layth Hamzah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hanan Jalal Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Wheat WH, Chow L, Betlach AM, Pieters M, Kurihara J, Dow C, Johnson V, Garry FB, Dow S. Evaluation of Immune Nanoparticles for Rapid and Non-Specific Activation of Antiviral and Antibacterial Immune Responses in Cattle, Swine, and Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1686. [PMID: 37238119 PMCID: PMC10215472 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the rapid potential spread of agricultural pathogens, and the lack of vaccines for many, there is an important unmet need for strategies to induce rapid and non-specific immunity against these viral and bacterial threats. One approach to the problem is to generate non-specific immune responses at mucosal surfaces to rapidly protect from entry and replication of both viral and bacterial pathogens. Using complexes of charged nanoparticle liposomes with both antiviral and antibacterial toll-like receptor (TLR) nucleic acid ligands (termed liposome-TLR complexes or LTC), we have previously demonstrated considerable induction of innate immune responses in nasal and oropharyngeal tissues and protection from viral and bacterial pathogens in mixed challenge studies in rodents, cattle, and companion animals. Therefore, in the present study, we used in vitro assays to evaluate the ability of the LTC immune stimulant to activate key innate immune pathways, particularly interferon pathways, in cattle, swine, and poultry. We found that LTC complexes induced strong production of type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) in both macrophages and leukocyte cultures from all three species. In addition, the LTC complexes induced the production of additional key protective cytokines (IL-6, IFNγ, and TNFα) in macrophages and leukocytes in cattle and poultry. These findings indicate that the LTC mucosal immunotherapeutic has the capability to activate key innate immune defenses in three major agricultural species and potentially induce broad protective immunity against both viral and bacterial pathogens. Additional animal challenge studies are warranted to evaluate the protective potential of LTC immunotherapy in cattle, swine, and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Wheat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Maria Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Swine Disease Eradication Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cooper Dow
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
| | - Valerie Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Franklyn B. Garry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Zheng J, Lin J, Ma Y, Yang C, Zhong Q, Li Y, Yang Q. Establishment of sheep nasal mucosa explant model and its application in antiviral research. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124936. [PMID: 37256060 PMCID: PMC10226428 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal mucosa is the first barrier to pathogen invasion through the respiratory tract. Few studies have focused on nasal resistance to invasion by respiratory pathogens due to the lack of models related to the nasal mucosa. Hence, it is necessary to construct a nasal mucosal model to study host-pathogen interactions. We established a long-term in vitro sheep nasal mucosa explant model (NMEM), which exhibited typical epithelial cilia and epithelial proliferation ability within 11 days. Moreover, to evaluate whether the NMEM was suited for in vitro pathogenic study, we used pseudorabies virus (PRV) and showed that it successfully infected and produced severe lesions in the NMEM, particularly interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15). IFN decreased significantly after the PRV infection. Similarly, we used this NMEM model to screen several antiviral substances, such as probiotics and drugs. A previous study showed that nasal commensal bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis, had high antiviral activity. Then, we used the NMEM to evaluate six sheep-derived B. subtilis strains and demonstrated that it significantly induced the production of IFN and expression of ISG15. The sheep-derived B. subtilis was pretreated with the sheep NMEM before the PRV infection to evaluate the antiviral effect. The results showed that NSV2 significantly inhibited infection by PRV and reduced the viral load (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NSV2 may inhibit PRV replication by enhancing ISGylation of cells. In conclusion, we established a reliable in vitro culture model of sheep NMEM, and applied it in antiviral research.
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Aguiar A, Galinato M, Bradley Silva M, Toth B, McVoy MA, Hertel L. Human Cytomegalovirus Replication and Infection-Induced Syncytia Formation in Labial, Foreskin, and Fetal Lung Fibroblasts. Viruses 2021; 13:2355. [PMID: 34960624 PMCID: PMC8708767 DOI: 10.3390/v13122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a handful of cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells, can support human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in vitro, in striking contrast to the situation in vivo. While the susceptibility of epithelial and endothelial cells to CMV infection is strongly modulated by their anatomical site of origin, multiple CMV strains have been successfully isolated and propagated on fibroblasts derived from different organs. As oral mucosal cells are likely involved in CMV acquisition, we sought to evaluate the ability of infant labial fibroblasts to support CMV replication, compared to that of commonly used foreskin and fetal lung fibroblasts. No differences were found in the proportion of cells initiating infection, or in the amounts of viral progeny produced after exposure to the fibroblast-adapted CMV strain AD169 or to the endothelial cell-adapted strain TB40/E. Syncytia formation was, however, significantly enhanced in infected labial and lung fibroblasts compared to foreskin-derived cells, and did not occur after infection with AD169. Together, these data indicate that fibroblast populations derived from different tissues are uniformly permissive to CMV infection but retain phenotypic differences of potential importance for infection-induced cell-cell fusion, and ensuing viral spread and pathogenesis in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Aguiar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (A.A.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Melissa Galinato
- Center for Immunobiology & Vaccine Development, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA;
| | - Maite’ Bradley Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (A.A.); (M.B.S.)
| | - Bryant Toth
- Craniofacial Center, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA;
| | - Michael A. McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Laura Hertel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (A.A.); (M.B.S.)
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Alfi O, Yakirevitch A, Wald O, Wandel O, Izhar U, Oiknine-Djian E, Nevo Y, Elgavish S, Dagan E, Madgar O, Feinmesser G, Pikarsky E, Bronstein M, Vorontsov O, Jonas W, Ives J, Walter J, Zakay-Rones Z, Oberbaum M, Panet A, Wolf DG. Human Nasal and Lung Tissues Infected Ex Vivo with SARS-CoV-2 Provide Insights into Differential Tissue-Specific and Virus-Specific Innate Immune Responses in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract. J Virol 2021; 95:e0013021. [PMID: 33893170 PMCID: PMC8223920 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00130-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal mucosa constitutes the primary entry site for respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While the imbalanced innate immune response of end-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensively studied, the earliest stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the mucosal entry site have remained unexplored. Here, we employed SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection in native multi-cell-type human nasal turbinate and lung tissues ex vivo, coupled with genome-wide transcriptional analysis, to investigate viral susceptibility and early patterns of local mucosal innate immune response in the authentic milieu of the human respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 productively infected the nasal turbinate tissues, predominantly targeting respiratory epithelial cells, with a rapid increase in tissue-associated viral subgenomic mRNA and secretion of infectious viral progeny. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered robust antiviral and inflammatory innate immune responses in the nasal mucosa. The upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines, and chemokines, related to interferon signaling and immune-cell activation pathways, was broader than that triggered by influenza virus infection. Conversely, lung tissues exhibited a restricted innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a conspicuous lack of type I and III interferon upregulation, contrasting with their vigorous innate immune response to influenza virus. Our findings reveal differential tissue-specific innate immune responses in the upper and lower respiratory tracts that are specific to SARS-CoV-2. The studies shed light on the role of the nasal mucosa in active viral transmission and immune defense, implying a window of opportunity for early interventions, whereas the restricted innate immune response in early-SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissues could underlie the unique uncontrolled late-phase lung damage of advanced COVID-19. IMPORTANCE In order to reduce the late-phase morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, there is a need to better understand and target the earliest stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human respiratory tract. Here, we have studied the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent innate immune responses within the natural multicellular complexity of human nasal mucosal and lung tissues. Comparing the global innate response patterns of nasal and lung tissues infected in parallel with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, we found distinct virus-host interactions in the upper and lower respiratory tract, which could determine the outcome and unique pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies in the nasal mucosal infection model can be employed to assess the impact of viral evolutionary changes and evaluate new therapeutic and preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 and other human respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Alfi
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arkadi Yakirevitch
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Wandel
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uzi Izhar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Dagan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ory Madgar
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Feinmesser
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Bronstein
- Center for Genomic Technologies, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olesya Vorontsov
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wayne Jonas
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - John Ives
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Joan Walter
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Zichria Zakay-Rones
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Oberbaum
- The Center for Integrative Complementary Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana G. Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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