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Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Sheng S, Guan Z, Cong Y. Hemagglutinin glycosylation pattern-specific effects: implications for the fitness of H9.4.2.5-branched H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2364736. [PMID: 38847071 PMCID: PMC11182062 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2364736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Since 2007, h9.4.2.5 has emerged as the most predominant branch of H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) that affects the majority of the global poultry population. The spread of this viral branch in vaccinated chicken flocks has not been considerably curbed despite numerous efforts. The evolutionary fitness of h9.4.2.5-branched AIVs must consequently be taken into consideration. The glycosylation modifications of hemagglutinin (HA) play a pivotal role in regulating the balance between receptor affinity and immune evasion for influenza viruses. Sequence alignment showed that five major HA glycosylation patterns have evolved over time in h9.4.2.5-branched AIVs. Here, we compared the adaptive phenotypes of five virus mutants with different HA glycosylation patterns. According to the results, the mutant with 6 N-linked glycans displayed the best acid and thermal stability and a better capacity for multiplication, although having a relatively lower receptor affinity than 7 glycans. The antigenic profile between the five mutants revealed a distinct antigenic distance, indicating that variations in glycosylation level have an impact on antigenic drift. These findings suggest that changes in the number of glycans on HA can not only modulate the receptor affinity and antigenicity of H9N2 AIVs, but also affect their stability and multiplication. These adaptive phenotypes may underlie the biological basis for the dominant strain switchover of h9.4.2.5-branched AIVs. Overall, our study provides a systematic insight into how changes in HA glycosylation patterns regulate the evolutionary fitness and epidemiological dominance drift of h9.4.2.5-branched H9N2 AIVs, which will be of great benefit for the glycosylation-dependent vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Sun
- Department of Policies and Regulations, Changchun University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouzhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenhong Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Guan M, DeLiberto TJ, Feng A, Zhang J, Li T, Wang S, Li L, Killian ML, Praena B, Giri E, Deliberto ST, Hang J, Olivier A, Torchetti MK, Tao YJ, Parrish C, Wan XF. Neu5Gc binding loss of subtype H7 influenza A virus facilitates adaptation to gallinaceous poultry following transmission from waterbirds. J Virol 2024:e0011924. [PMID: 39225467 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00119-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Between 2013 and 2018, the novel A/Anhui/1/2013 (AH/13)-lineage H7N9 virus caused at least five waves of outbreaks in humans, totaling 1,567 confirmed human cases in China. Surveillance data indicated a disproportionate distribution of poultry infected with this AH/13-lineage virus, and laboratory experiments demonstrated that this virus can efficiently spread among chickens but not among Pekin ducks. The underlying mechanism of this selective transmission remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the absence of Neu5Gc expression in chickens across all respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues. However, Neu5Gc expression varied among different duck species and even within the tissues of the same species. The AH/13-lineage viruses exclusively bind to acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), in contrast to wild waterbird H7 viruses that bind both Neu5Ac and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The level of Neu5Gc expression influences H7 virus replication and facilitates adaptive mutations in these viruses. In summary, our findings highlight the critical role of Neu5Gc in affecting the host range and interspecies transmission dynamics of H7 viruses among avian species.IMPORTANCEMigratory waterfowl, gulls, and shorebirds are natural reservoirs for influenza A viruses (IAVs) that can occasionally spill over to domestic poultry, and ultimately humans. This study showed wild-type H7 IAVs from waterbirds initially bind to glycan receptors terminated with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). However, after enzootic transmission in chickens, the viruses exclusively bind to Neu5Ac. The absence of Neu5Gc expression in gallinaceous poultry, particularly chickens, exerts selective pressure, shaping IAV populations, and promoting the acquisition of adaptive amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein. This results in the loss of Neu5Gc binding and an increase in virus transmissibility in gallinaceous poultry, particularly chickens. Consequently, the transmission capability of these poultry-adapted H7 IAVs in wild water birds decreases. Timely intervention, such as stamping out, may help reduce virus adaptation to domestic chicken populations and lower the risk of enzootic outbreaks, including those caused by IAVs exhibiting high pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J DeLiberto
- US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Aijing Feng
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jieze Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Beatriz Praena
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Emily Giri
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shelagh T Deliberto
- US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alicia Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Colin Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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3
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Wen F, Yan Z, Chen G, Chen Y, Wang N, Li Z, Guo J, Yu H, Liu Q, Huang S. Recent H9N2 avian influenza virus lost hemagglutination activity due to a K141N substitution in hemagglutinin. J Virol 2024; 98:e0024824. [PMID: 38466094 PMCID: PMC11019909 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00248-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) represents a significant risk to both the poultry industry and public health. Our surveillance efforts in China have revealed a growing trend of recent H9N2 AIV strains exhibiting a loss of hemagglutination activity at 37°C, posing challenges to detection and monitoring protocols. This study identified a single K141N substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein as the culprit behind this diminished hemagglutination activity. The study evaluated the evolutionary dynamics of residue HA141 and studied the impact of the N141K substitution on aspects such as virus growth, thermostability, receptor-binding properties, and antigenic properties. Our findings indicate a polymorphism at residue 141, with the N variant becoming increasingly prevalent in recent Chinese H9N2 isolates. Although both wild-type and N141K mutant strains exclusively target α,2-6 sialic acid receptors, the N141K mutation notably impedes the virus's ability to bind to these receptors. Despite the mutation exerting minimal influence on viral titers, antigenicity, and pathogenicity in chicken embryos, it significantly enhances viral thermostability and reduces plaque size on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Additionally, the N141K mutation leads to decreased expression levels of HA protein in both MDCK cells and eggs. These findings highlight the critical role of the K141N substitution in altering the hemagglutination characteristics of recent H9N2 AIV strains under elevated temperatures. This emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance and genetic analysis of circulating H9N2 AIV strains to develop effective control and prevention measures.IMPORTANCEThe H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is currently the most prevalent low-pathogenicity AIV circulating in domestic poultry globally. Recently, there has been an emerging trend of H9N2 AIV strains acquiring increased affinity for human-type receptors and even losing their ability to bind to avian-type receptors, which raises concerns about their pandemic potential. In China, there has been a growing number of H9N2 AIV strains that have lost their ability to agglutinate chicken red blood cells, leading to false-negative results during surveillance efforts. In this study, we identified a K141N mutation in the HA protein of H9N2 AIV to be responsible for the loss of hemagglutination activity. This finding provides insight into the development of effective surveillance, prevention, and control strategies to mitigate the threat posed by H9N2 AIV to both animal and human health.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chick Embryo
- Dogs
- Humans
- Chickens/virology
- Hemagglutination
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Poultry
- Female
- Mice
- Cell Line
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Evolution, Molecular
- Mutation
- Temperature
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanfei Yan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Gaojie Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Nina Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Gao C, Wen F, Guan M, Hatuwal B, Li L, Praena B, Tang CY, Zhang J, Luo F, Xie H, Webby R, Tao YJ, Wan XF. MAIVeSS: streamlined selection of antigenically matched, high-yield viruses for seasonal influenza vaccine production. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1128. [PMID: 38321021 PMCID: PMC10847134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the main pharmaceutical intervention used against the global public health threat posed by influenza viruses. Timely selection of optimal seed viruses with matched antigenicity between vaccine antigen and circulating viruses and with high yield underscore vaccine efficacy and supply, respectively. Current methods for selecting influenza seed vaccines are labor intensive and time-consuming. Here, we report the Machine-learning Assisted Influenza VaccinE Strain Selection framework, MAIVeSS, that enables streamlined selection of naturally circulating, antigenically matched, and high-yield influenza vaccine strains directly from clinical samples by using molecular signatures of antigenicity and yield to support optimal candidate vaccine virus selection. We apply our framework on publicly available sequences to select A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine candidates and experimentally confirm that these candidates have optimal antigenicity and growth in cells and eggs. Our framework can potentially reduce the optimal vaccine candidate selection time from months to days and thus facilitate timely supply of seasonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bijaya Hatuwal
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Beatriz Praena
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jieze Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Luo
- University School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 63141, USA
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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5
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Guan M, Deliberto TJ, Feng A, Zhang J, Li T, Wang S, Li L, Killian ML, Praena B, Giri E, Deliberto ST, Hang J, Olivier A, Torchetti MK, Tao YJ, Parrish C, Wan XF. Neu5Gc binding loss of subtype H7 influenza A virus facilitates adaptation to gallinaceous poultry following transmission from waterbirds but restricts spillback. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573990. [PMID: 38260375 PMCID: PMC10802348 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Migratory waterfowl, gulls, and shorebirds serve as natural reservoirs for influenza A viruses, with potential spillovers to domestic poultry and humans. The intricacies of interspecies adaptation among avian species, particularly from wild birds to domestic poultry, are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying avian species barriers in H7 transmission, particularly the factors responsible for the disproportionate distribution of poultry infected with A/Anhui/1/2013 (AH/13)-lineage H7N9 viruses. We hypothesized that the differential expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) among avian species exerts selective pressure on H7 viruses, shaping their evolution and enabling them to replicate and transmit efficiently among gallinaceous poultry, particularly chickens. Our glycan microarray and biolayer interferometry experiments showed that AH/13-lineage H7N9 viruses exclusively bind to Neu5Ac, in contrast to wild waterbird H7 viruses that bind both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Significantly, reverting the V179 amino acid in AH/13-lineage back to the I179, predominantly found in wild waterbirds, expanded the binding affinity of AH/13-lineage H7 viruses from exclusively Neu5Ac to both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. When cultivating H7 viruses in cell lines with varied Neu5Gc levels, we observed that Neu5Gc expression impairs the replication of Neu5Ac-specific H7 viruses and facilitates adaptive mutations. Conversely, Neu5Gc deficiency triggers adaptive changes in H7 viruses capable of binding to both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Additionally, we assessed Neu5Gc expression in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues of seven avian species, including chickens, Canada geese, and various dabbling ducks. Neu5Gc was absent in chicken and Canada goose, but its expression varied in the duck species. In summary, our findings reveal the crucial role of Neu5Gc in shaping the host range and interspecies transmission of H7 viruses. This understanding of virus-host interactions is crucial for developing strategies to manage and prevent influenza virus outbreaks in diverse avian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J. Deliberto
- US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Aijing Feng
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jieze Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Beatriz Praena
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily Giri
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shelagh T Deliberto
- US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alicia Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - Colin Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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6
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Guo CY, Jin ZK, Feng Q, Feng YM, Sun LJ, Xu CX, Zhang YL. The heterophilicic epitopes in conserved HA regions of human and avian influenza viruses can produce antibodies that bound to kidney tissue. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106331. [PMID: 37678657 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection can cause kidney damage. However, the link between influenza infection and disease is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between heterophilic epitopes on H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and disease. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against H5N1 was prepared, mAbs binding to human kidney tissue were screened, and the reactivities of mAbs with five different subtypes of influenza virus were detected. Design and synthesize the peptides according to the common amino acid sequence of these antigens, and analyze the distribution of the epitope on the crystal structure of HA. Immunological methods were used to detect whether the heterophilic epitopes could induce the production of antibodies that cross-react with kidney tissue. The results showed that H5-30 mA b binding to human kidney tissue recognized the heterophilic epitope 191-LVLWGIHHP-199 on the head of HA. The key amino acid were V192, L193, W194 and I196, which were highly conserved in human and avian influenza virus HA. The heterophilic epitope could induce mice to produce different mAbs binding to kidney tissue. Such heterophilic antibodies were also detected in the serum of the patients. It can provide materials for the mechanism of renal diseases caused by influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yan Guo
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhan Kui Jin
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yang Meng Feng
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Li Jun Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Cui Xiang Xu
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| | - Yu Lian Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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7
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Guan L, Ping J, Lopes TJS, Fan S, Presler R, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. Development of an Enhanced High-Yield Influenza Vaccine Backbone in Embryonated Chicken Eggs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1364. [PMID: 37631932 PMCID: PMC10459923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an efficient approach to preventing influenza virus infections. Recently, we developed influenza A and B virus vaccine backbones that increased the yield of several vaccine viruses in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. These vaccine backbones also increased viral replication in embryonated chicken eggs, which are the most frequently used platform for influenza vaccine manufacturing. In this study, to further increase the viral titers in embryonated chicken eggs, we introduced random mutations into the 'internal genes' (i.e., all influenza viral genes except those encoding the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins) of the influenza A virus high-yield virus backbone we developed previously. The randomly mutated viruses were sequentially passaged in embryonated chicken eggs to select variants with increased replicative ability. We identified a candidate that conferred higher influenza virus growth than the high-yield parental virus backbone. Although the observed increases in virus growth may be considered small, they are highly relevant for vaccine manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Guan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Jihui Ping
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Tiago J. S. Lopes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Shufang Fan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Presler
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA (T.J.S.L.); (R.P.)
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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8
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Xu H, Zhu S, Govinden R, Chenia HY. Multiple Vaccines and Strategies for Pandemic Preparedness of Avian Influenza Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1694. [PMID: 37632036 PMCID: PMC10459121 DOI: 10.3390/v15081694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are a continuous cause of concern due to their pandemic potential and devasting effects on poultry, birds, and human health. The low pathogenic avian influenza virus has the potential to evolve into a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, resulting in its rapid spread and significant outbreaks in poultry. Over the years, a wide array of traditional and novel strategies has been implemented to prevent the transmission of AIV in poultry. Mass vaccination is still an economical and effective approach to establish immune protection against clinical virus infection. At present, some AIV vaccines have been licensed for large-scale production and use in the poultry industry; however, other new types of AIV vaccines are currently under research and development. In this review, we assess the recent progress surrounding the various types of AIV vaccines, which are based on the classical and next-generation platforms. Additionally, the delivery systems for nucleic acid vaccines are discussed, since these vaccines have attracted significant attention following their significant role in the fight against COVID-19. We also provide a general introduction to the dendritic targeting strategy, which can be used to enhance the immune efficiency of AIV vaccines. This review may be beneficial for the avian influenza research community, providing ideas for the design and development of new AIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Hafizah Y. Chenia
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
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9
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Guan M, Olivier AK, Lu X, Epperson W, Zhang X, Zhong L, Waters K, Mamaliger N, Li L, Wen F, Tao YJ, DeLiberto TJ, Wan XF. The Sialyl Lewis X Glycan Receptor Facilitates Infection of Subtype H7 Avian Influenza A Viruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0134422. [PMID: 36125302 PMCID: PMC9555156 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01344-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype H7 avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) are enzootic in wild aquatic birds and have caused sporadic spillovers into domestic poultry and humans. Here, we determined the distribution of fucosylated α2,3 sialoglycan (i.e., sialyl Lewis X [SLeX]) in chickens and five common dabbling duck species and the association between SLeX and cell/tissue/host tropisms of H7 IAVs. Receptor binding analyses showed that H7 IAVs bind to both α2,3-linked (SA2,3Gal) and α2,6-linked sialic acids (SA2,6Gal), but with a higher preference for SLeX; H7 IAVs replicated more efficiently in SLeX-overexpressed than SLeX-deficient MDCK cells. While chickens and all tested dabbling ducks expressed abundant SA2,3Gal and SA2,6Gal, SLeX was detected in both respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues of chickens and mallard ducks and in only the respiratory tissues of gadwall, green-wing teal, and northern shoveler but not in wood ducks. Viral-tissue binding assays showed that H7 IAVs bind to chicken colon crypt cells that express SLeX but fewer bind to mallard colon crypt cells, which do not express SLeX; H7 IAVs bind efficiently to epithelial cells of all tissues expressing SA2,3Gal. High viral replication was identified in both chickens and mallards infected with an H7 virus, regardless of SLeX expression, and viruses were detected in all cells to the same degree as viruses detected in the viral-tissue binding assays. In summary, this study suggests that SLeX facilitates infection of H7 viruses, but other types of SA2,3Gal glycan receptors shape the tissue/host tropisms of H7 IAVs. IMPORTANCE In addition to causing outbreaks in domestic poultry, subtype H7 IAVs can cause sporadic spillover infections in lower mammals and humans. In this study, we showed that SLeX expression varies among wild dabbling ducks. Although it facilitated virus binding and affected infection of H7 IAV in cells, SLeX expression is not the only determinant of viral replication at either the tissue or host level. This study suggested that access to heterologous SA2,3Gal glycan receptors, including fucosylated α2,3-linked sialoglycans, shape tissue and host tropism of H7 IAVs in aquatic wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Alicia K. Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice Universitygrid.21940.3e, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William Epperson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Waters
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nataly Mamaliger
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State Universitygrid.256304.6, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yizhi J. Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice Universitygrid.21940.3e, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J. DeLiberto
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State Universitygrid.260120.7, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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10
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) initiate infection by binding to glycans with terminal sialic acids on the cell surface. Hosts of IAV variably express two major forms of sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). NeuGc is produced in most mammals including horses and pigs, but is absent in humans, ferrets, and birds. The only known naturally occurring IAVs that exclusively bind NeuGc are extinct highly pathogenic equine H7N7 viruses. We determined the crystal structure of a representative equine H7 hemagglutinin (HA) in complex with NeuGc and observed high similarity in the receptor-binding domain with an avian H7 HA. To determine the molecular basis for NeuAc and NeuGc specificity, we performed systematic mutational analyses, based on the structural insights, on two distant avian H7 HAs and an H15 HA. We found that mutation A135E is key for binding α2,3-linked NeuGc but does not abolish NeuAc binding. Additional mutations S128T, I130V, T189A, and K193R converted the specificity from NeuAc to NeuGc. We investigated the residues at positions 128, 130, 135, 189, and 193 in a phylogenetic analysis of avian and equine H7 HAs. This revealed a clear distinction between equine and avian residues. The highest variability was observed at key position 135, of which only the equine glutamic acid led to NeuGc binding. These results demonstrate that genetically distinct H7 and H15 HAs can be switched from NeuAc to NeuGc binding and vice versa after introduction of several mutations, providing insights into the adaptation of H7 viruses to NeuGc receptors. (250 words) Importance Influenza A viruses cause millions of cases of severe illness and deaths annually. To initiate infection and replicate, the virus first needs to bind to a structure on the cell surface, like a key fitting in a lock. For influenza A viruses, these 'keys' (receptors) on the cell surface are chains of sugar molecules (glycans). The terminal sugar on these glycans is often either N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). Most influenza A viruses bind NeuAc, but a small minority binds NeuGc. NeuGc is present in species like horses, pigs, and mice, but not in humans, ferrets, and birds. Here, we investigated the molecular determinants of NeuGc specificity and the origin of viruses that bind NeuGc.
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11
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Wen F, Li W, Guo J, Yang J, Zhang X, Mei K, Liu H, El-Ashram S, Luo K, Yuan S, Chi S, Huang S. Genetic characterization of a novel genotype H9N2 avian influenza virus from chicken in South China. J Infect 2020; 81:816-846. [PMID: 32956732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Mei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaijian Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shihong Chi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, No. 33 guangyun road, Shishan town, Nanhai district, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Li L, Chang D, Han L, Zhang X, Zaia J, Wan XF. Multi-task learning sparse group lasso: a method for quantifying antigenicity of influenza A(H1N1) virus using mutations and variations in glycosylation of Hemagglutinin. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:182. [PMID: 32393178 PMCID: PMC7216668 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to causing the pandemic influenza outbreaks of 1918 and 2009, subtype H1N1 influenza A viruses (IAVs) have caused seasonal epidemics since 1977. Antigenic property of influenza viruses are determined by both protein sequence and N-linked glycosylation of influenza glycoproteins, especially hemagglutinin (HA). The currently available computational methods are only considered features in protein sequence but not N-linked glycosylation. RESULTS A multi-task learning sparse group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) (MTL-SGL) regression method was developed and applied to derive two types of predominant features including protein sequence and N-linked glycosylation in hemagglutinin (HA) affecting variations in serologic data for human and swine H1N1 IAVs. Results suggested that mutations and changes in N-linked glycosylation sites are associated with the rise of antigenic variants of H1N1 IAVs. Furthermore, the implicated mutations are predominantly located at five reported antibody-binding sites, and within or close to the HA receptor binding site. All of the three N-linked glycosylation sites (i.e. sequons NCSV at HA 54, NHTV at HA 125, and NLSK at HA 160) identified by MTL-SGL to determine antigenic changes were experimentally validated in the H1N1 antigenic variants using mass spectrometry analyses. Compared with conventional sparse learning methods, MTL-SGL achieved a lower prediction error and higher accuracy, indicating that grouped features and MTL in the MTL-SGL method are not only able to handle serologic data generated from multiple reagents, supplies, and protocols, but also perform better in genetic sequence-based antigenic quantification. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the results of this study suggest that mutations and variations in N-glycosylation in HA caused antigenic variations in H1N1 IAVs and that the sequence-based antigenicity predictive model will be useful in understanding antigenic evolution of IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Deborah Chang
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.,Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,MU Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,MU Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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13
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Parker L, Ritter L, Wu W, Maeso R, Bright H, Dibben O. Haemagglutinin stability was not the primary cause of the reduced effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine against A/H1N1pdm09 viruses in the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 seasons. Vaccine 2019; 37:4543-4550. [PMID: 31279567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the 2013-2014 influenza season, the quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (QLAIV), had lower than expected vaccine effectiveness (VE) against circulating A/H1N1pdm09 viruses in the USA. The underlying reason proposed for this was that the A/H1N1pdm09 vaccine strain, A/California/07/2009 (A/CA09), had a thermally unstable haemagglutinin (HA) protein. Consequently, a new A/H1N1pdm09 candidate strain, A/Bolivia/559/2013 (A/BOL13), was developed for inclusion in the 2015-2016 QLAIV. A key parameter for selection of A/BOL13 was its more thermostable HA phenotype compared with A/CA09. During the 2015-2016 season, QLAIV containing A/BOL13 was found in some studies to have improved, but still with suboptimal, VE against circulating A/H1N1pdm09 viruses and was not recommended for use by the CDC in the US market in the 2016-2017 influenza season. This suggested that improved HA thermostability had not entirely resolved the reduced VE observed. One hypothesis for this was that, by improving thermostability, the A/BOL13 HA protein had been over-stabilised, compromising its activation at the low endosomal pH required for successful viral entry. Here we demonstrate that, while the A/BOL13 HA protein is more stable than that of A/CA09, its thermal and pH stability were comparable with historically efficacious LAIV strains, suggesting that the HA had not been over-stabilised. Furthermore, studies simulating potential heat exposure during distribution by exposing QLAIV nasal sprayers to 33 °C for 4 h showed that, while remaining within product specification, A/CA09 viral potency was statistically decreased after 12 weeks at 2-8 °C. These data suggest that although unfavourable HA protein stability may have contributed to the reduced VE of A/CA09 in 2013-2014, it was unlikely to have affected A/BOL13 in 2015-2016. We conclude that HA stability was not the primary cause of the reduced effectiveness of LAIV against A/H1N1pdm09 viruses in the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen Wu
- Flu-BPD, AstraZeneca, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Guan M, Hall JS, Zhang X, Dusek RJ, Olivier AK, Liu L, Li L, Krauss S, Danner A, Li T, Rutvisuttinunt W, Lin X, Hallgrimsson GT, Ragnarsdottir SB, Vignisson SR, TeSlaa J, Nashold SW, Jarman R, Wan XF. Aerosol Transmission of Gull-Origin Iceland Subtype H10N7 Influenza A Virus in Ferrets. J Virol 2019; 93:e00282-19. [PMID: 30996092 PMCID: PMC6580963 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00282-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype H10 influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been recovered from domestic poultry and various aquatic bird species, and sporadic transmission of these IAVs from avian species to mammals (i.e., human, seal, and mink) are well documented. In 2015, we isolated four H10N7 viruses from gulls in Iceland. Genomic analyses showed four gene segments in the viruses were genetically associated with H10 IAVs that caused influenza outbreaks and deaths among European seals in 2014. Antigenic characterization suggested minimal antigenic variation among these H10N7 isolates and other archived H10 viruses recovered from human, seal, mink, and various avian species in Asia, Europe, and North America. Glycan binding preference analyses suggested that, similar to other avian-origin H10 IAVs, these gull-origin H10N7 IAVs bound to both avian-like alpha 2,3-linked sialic acids and human-like alpha 2,6-linked sialic acids. However, when the gull-origin viruses were compared with another Eurasian avian-origin H10N8 IAV, which caused human infections, the gull-origin virus showed significantly higher binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Results from a ferret experiment demonstrated that a gull-origin H10N7 IAV replicated well in turbinate, trachea, and lung, but replication was most efficient in turbinate and trachea. This gull-origin H10N7 virus can be transmitted between ferrets through the direct contact and aerosol routes, without prior adaptation. Gulls share their habitat with other birds and mammals and have frequent contact with humans; therefore, gull-origin H10N7 IAVs could pose a risk to public health. Surveillance and monitoring of these IAVs at the wild bird-human interface should be continued.IMPORTANCE Subtype H10 avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have caused sporadic human infections and enzootic outbreaks among seals. In the fall of 2015, H10N7 viruses were recovered from gulls in Iceland, and genomic analyses showed that the viruses were genetically related with IAVs that caused outbreaks among seals in Europe a year earlier. These gull-origin viruses showed high binding affinity to human-like glycan receptors. Transmission studies in ferrets demonstrated that the gull-origin IAV could infect ferrets, and that the virus could be transmitted between ferrets through direct contact and aerosol droplets. This study demonstrated that avian H10 IAV can infect mammals and be transmitted among them without adaptation. Thus, avian H10 IAV is a candidate for influenza pandemic preparedness and should be monitored in wildlife and at the animal-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Guan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hall
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Dusek
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Population and Pathobiology Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angela Danner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Lin
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Josh TeSlaa
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean W Nashold
- United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Department of Basic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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15
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Shcherbik S, Pearce N, Carney P, Bazhenova E, Larionova N, Kiseleva I, Rudenko L, Kumar A, Goldsmith CS, Dugan V, Stevens J, Wentworth DE, Bousse T. Evaluation of A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV vaccine candidates stability and replication efficiency in primary human nasal epithelial cells. Vaccine X 2019; 2:100031. [PMID: 31384746 PMCID: PMC6668239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent reduction of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) effectiveness in multivalent formulations was particularly associated with the A(H1N1)pdm09 component. In the 2017 the WHO vaccine composition committee changed its recommendations for the A(H1N1)pdm09 component to include an A/Michigan/45/2015-like virus. We evaluated effectiveness and quality of newly developed and previous A(H1N1)pdm09 LAIV reassortants through assessment of their thermal and pH stability, receptor binding specificity and replication fitness in primary human airway epithelial cells of nasal origin (hAECN). Our analysis showed that LAIV expressed hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from an A/Michigan/45/2015-like strain A/New York/61/2015 (A/New York/61/2015-CDC-LV16A, NY-LV16A), exhibit higher thermal and pH stability compared to the previous vaccine candidates expressing HA and NA from A/California/07/2009 and A/Bolivia/559/2013 (A17/Cal09 and A17/Bol13). Reassortants A/South Africa/3626/2013-CDC-LV14A (SA-LV14A) and NY-LV16A showed preferential binding to α2,6 sialic acid (SA) receptors and replicated at higher titers and more extensively in hAECN compared to A17/Cal09 and A17/Bol13, which had an α2,3 SA receptor binding preference. Our data analysis supports selection of A/New York/61/2015-CDC-LV16A for LAIV formulation and the introduction of new assays for LAIV characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Shcherbik
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Nicholas Pearce
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
- Battelle, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Paul Carney
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Ekaterina Bazhenova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Virology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalie Larionova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Virology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Virology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Virology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
- Battelle, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Cynthia S. Goldsmith
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Vivien Dugan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Tatiana Bousse
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
- Corresponding author.
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Tissue tropisms opt for transmissible reassortants during avian and swine influenza A virus co-infection in swine. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007417. [PMID: 30507946 PMCID: PMC6292640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic reassortment between influenza A viruses (IAVs) facilitate emergence of pandemic strains, and swine are proposed as a "mixing vessel" for generating reassortants of avian and mammalian IAVs that could be of risk to mammals, including humans. However, how a transmissible reassortant emerges in swine are not well understood. Genomic analyses of 571 isolates recovered from nasal wash samples and respiratory tract tissues of a group of co-housed pigs (influenza-seronegative, avian H1N1 IAV-infected, and swine H3N2 IAV-infected pigs) identified 30 distinct genotypes of reassortants. Viruses recovered from lower respiratory tract tissues had the largest genomic diversity, and those recovered from turbinates and nasal wash fluids had the least. Reassortants from lower respiratory tracts had the largest variations in growth kinetics in respiratory tract epithelial cells, and the cold temperature in swine nasal cells seemed to select the type of reassortant viruses shed by the pigs. One reassortant in nasal wash samples was consistently identified in upper, middle, and lower respiratory tract tissues, and it was confirmed to be transmitted efficiently between pigs. Study findings suggest that, during mixed infections of avian and swine IAVs, genetic reassortments are likely to occur in the lower respiratory track, and tissue tropism is an important factor selecting for a transmissible reassortant.
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Mutation W222L at the Receptor Binding Site of Hemagglutinin Could Facilitate Viral Adaption from Equine Influenza A(H3N8) Virus to Dogs. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01115-18. [PMID: 29997206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01115-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by the equine-origin influenza A(H3N8) virus was first detected in dogs in 2004 and since then has been enzootic among dogs. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying host adaption of this virus from horses to dogs is unknown. Here, we have applied quantitative binding, growth kinetics, and immunofluorescence analyses to elucidate these mechanisms. Our findings suggest that a substitution of W222L in the hemagglutinin of the equine-origin A(H3N8) virus facilitated its host adaption to dogs. This mutation increased binding avidity of the virus specifically to receptor glycans with N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) motifs. We have demonstrated these motifs are abundantly located in the submucosal glands of dog trachea. Our findings also suggest that in addition to the type of glycosidic linkage (e.g., α2,3-linkage or α2,6-linkage), the type of sialic acid (Neu5Gc or 5-N-acetyl neuraminic acid) and the glycan substructure (e.g., SLeX) also play an important role in host tropism of influenza A viruses.IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause a significant burden on human and animal health, and mechanisms for interspecies transmission of IAVs are far from being understood. Findings from this study suggest that an equine-origin A(H3N8) IAV with mutation W222L at its hemagglutinin increased binding to canine-specific receptors with sialyl Lewis X and Neu5Gc motifs and, thereby, may have facilitated viral adaption from horses to dogs. These findings suggest that in addition to the glycosidic linkage (e.g., α2,3-linked and α2,6-linked), the substructure in the receptor saccharides (e.g., sialyl Lewis X and Neu5Gc) could present an interspecies transmission barrier for IAVs and drive viral mutations to overcome such barriers.
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18
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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