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Li S, Ling S, Wang D, Wang X, Hao F, Yin L, Yuan Z, Liu L, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Luo L, Dai Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Deng D, Tang W, Zhang S, Wang S, Cai Y. Modified lentiviral globin gene therapy for pediatric β 0/β 0 transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: A single-center, single-arm pilot trial. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00175-9. [PMID: 38759653 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
β0/β0 thalassemia is the most severe type of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) and is still a challenge facing lentiviral gene therapy. Here, we report the interim analysis of a single-center, single-arm pilot trial (NCT05015920) evaluating the safety and efficacy of a β-globin expression-optimized and insulator-engineered lentivirus-modified cell product (BD211) in β0/β0 TDT. Two female children were enrolled, infused with BD211, and followed up for an average of 25.5 months. Engraftment of genetically modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was successful and sustained in both patients. No unexpected safety issues occurred during conditioning or after infusion. Both patients achieved transfusion independence for over 22 months. The treatment extended the lifespan of red blood cells by over 42 days. Single-cell DNA/RNA-sequencing analysis of the dynamic changes of gene-modified cells, transgene expression, and oncogene activation showed no notable adverse effects. Optimized lentiviral gene therapy may safely and effectively treat all β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Sikai Ling
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; BDgene Therapeutics, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | | | - Liufan Yin
- Sequanta Technologies, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zhongtao Yuan
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Lin Liu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- BDgene Therapeutics, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Li
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Yingnian Chen
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Le Luo
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | - Lvzhe Chen
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
| | | | - Wei Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sujiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sanbin Wang
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China.
| | - Yujia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Pellaers E, Bhat A, Christ F, Debyser Z. Determinants of Retroviral Integration and Implications for Gene Therapeutic MLV-Based Vectors and for a Cure for HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 36680071 PMCID: PMC9861059 DOI: 10.3390/v15010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To complete their replication cycle, retroviruses need to integrate a DNA copy of their RNA genome into a host chromosome. Integration site selection is not random and is driven by multiple viral and cellular host factors specific to different classes of retroviruses. Today, overwhelming evidence from cell culture, animal experiments and clinical data suggests that integration sites are important for retroviral replication, oncogenesis and/or latency. In this review, we will summarize the increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the integration site selection of the gammaretrovirus MLV and the lentivirus HIV-1. We will discuss how host factors of the integration site selection of retroviruses may steer the development of safer viral vectors for gene therapy. Next, we will discuss how altering the integration site preference of HIV-1 using small molecules could lead to a cure for HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zeger Debyser
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Smith RH, Bloomer H, Fink D, Keyvanfar K, Nasimuzzaman M, Sancheznieto F, Dutta R, Guenther Bui K, Alvarado LJ, Bauer TR, Hickstein DD, Russell DW, Malik P, van der Loo JC, Highfill SL, Kuhns DB, Pirooznia M, Larochelle A. Preclinical Evaluation of Foamy Virus Vector-Mediated Gene Addition in Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells for Correction of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1293-1304. [PMID: 36094106 PMCID: PMC9808799 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo gene therapy procedures targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) predominantly utilize lentivirus-based vectors for gene transfer. We provide the first pre-clinical evidence of the therapeutic utility of a foamy virus vector (FVV) for the genetic correction of human leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), an inherited primary immunodeficiency resulting from mutation of the β2 integrin common chain, CD18. CD34+ HSPCs isolated from a severely affected LAD-1 patient were transduced under a current good manufacturing practice-compatible protocol with FVV harboring a therapeutic CD18 transgene. LAD-1-associated cellular chemotactic defects were ameliorated in transgene-positive, myeloid-differentiated LAD-1 cells assayed in response to a strong neutrophil chemoattractant in vitro. Xenotransplantation of vector-transduced LAD-1 HSPCs in immunodeficient (NSG) mice resulted in long-term (∼5 months) human cell engraftment within murine bone marrow. Moreover, engrafted LAD-1 myeloid cells displayed in vivo levels of transgene marking previously reported to ameliorate the LAD-1 phenotype in a large animal model of the disease. Vector insertion site analysis revealed a favorable vector integration profile with no overt evidence of genotoxicity. These results coupled with the unique biological features of wild-type foamy virus support the development of FVVs for ex vivo gene therapy of LAD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Fink
- Neutrophil Monitoring Lab, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Md Nasimuzzaman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fátima Sancheznieto
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roop Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kacey Guenther Bui
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi J. Alvarado
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas R. Bauer
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis D. Hickstein
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David W. Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Johannes C.M. van der Loo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L. Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Lab, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Molecular Epidemiology and Whole-Genome Analysis of Bovine Foamy Virus in Japan. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061017. [PMID: 34071542 PMCID: PMC8230093 DOI: 10.3390/v13061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine foamy virus (BFV) is a member of the foamy virus family in cattle. Information on the epidemiology, transmission routes, and whole-genome sequences of BFV is still limited. To understand the characteristics of BFV, this study included a molecular survey in Japan and the determination of the whole-genome sequences of 30 BFV isolates. A total of 30 (3.4%, 30/884) cattle were infected with BFV according to PCR analysis. Cattle less than 48 months old were scarcely infected with this virus, and older animals had a significantly higher rate of infection. To reveal the possibility of vertical transmission, we additionally surveyed 77 pairs of dams and 3-month-old calves in a farm already confirmed to have BFV. We confirmed that one of the calves born from a dam with BFV was infected. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that a novel genotype was spread in Japan. In conclusion, the prevalence of BFV in Japan is relatively low and three genotypes, including a novel genotype, are spread in Japan.
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Oncolytic Foamy Virus - generation and properties of a nonpathogenic replicating retroviral vector system that targets chronically proliferating cancer cells. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00015-21. [PMID: 33692205 PMCID: PMC8139661 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00015-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonpathogenic retroviruses of the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily can persist long-term in the cytoplasm of infected cells, completing their lifecycle only after the nuclear membrane dissolves at the time of cell division. Since the targeting of slowly dividing cancer cells remains an unmet need in oncolytic virotherapy we constructed a replication competent Foamy Virus vector (oFV) from the genomes of two chimpanzee Simian Foamy Viruses (PAN1 and PAN2) and inserted a GFP transgene in place of the bel-2 open reading frame. oFV-GFP infected and propagated with slow kinetics in multiple human tumor cell lines, inducing a syncytial cytopathic effect. Infection of growth arrested MRC5 cells was not productive, but oFV genomes persisted in the cytoplasm and the productive viral lifecycle resumed when cell division was later restored. In vivo, the virus propagated extensively in intraperitoneal ovarian cancer xenografts, slowing tumor growth, significantly prolonging survival of the treated mice and sustaining GFP transgene expression for at least 45 days. Our data indicate that oFV is a promising new replication-competent viral and gene delivery platform for efficient targeting of the most fundamental trait of cancer cells, their ability to sustain chronic proliferation.Significance:The infectivity of certain retroviruses is limited to dividing cells, which makes them attractive tools for targeting cancer cell proliferation. Previously developed replication-competent gammaretroviral vectors spread efficiently in rapidly dividing cancer cells, but not in cancer cells that divide more slowly. In contrast to rapidly proliferating transplantable mouse tumors, slow proliferation is a hallmark of human cancers and may have contributed to the clinical failure of the preclinically promising Murine Leukemia Virus vector Toca511 which failed to show efficacy in a phase 3 clinical trial in patients with glioblastoma. The studies presented in our manuscript show that oncolytic Foamy Virus (oFV) vectors are capable of persisting unintegrated in quiescent cells and resuming their life cycle once the cells start dividing again. This property of oFVs, together with their lack of pathogenicity and their ability to catalyze the fusion of infected cancer cells, makes them an attractive platform for further investigation.
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6
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Simantirakis E, Tsironis I, Vassilopoulos G. FV Vectors as Alternative Gene Vehicles for Gene Transfer in HSCs. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030332. [PMID: 32204324 PMCID: PMC7150843 DOI: 10.3390/v12030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are a unique population of cells, capable of reconstituting the blood system of an organism through orchestrated self-renewal and differentiation. They play a pivotal role in stem cell therapies, both autologous and allogeneic. In the field of gene and cell therapy, HSCs, genetically modified or otherwise, are used to alleviate or correct a genetic defect. In this concise review, we discuss the use of SFVpsc_huHSRV.13, formerly known as Prototype Foamy Viral (PFV or FV) vectors, as vehicles for gene delivery in HSCs. We present the properties of the FV vectors that make them ideal for HSC delivery vehicles, we review their record in HSC gene marking studies and their potential as therapeutic vectors for monogenic disorders in preclinical animal models. FVs are a safe and efficient tool for delivering genes in HSCs compared to other retroviral gene delivery systems. Novel technological advancements in their production and purification in closed systems, have allowed their production under cGMP compliant conditions. It may only be a matter of time before they find their way into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Simantirakis
- Gene Therapy Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Division of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Basic Research II, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioannis Tsironis
- Gene Therapy Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Division of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Basic Research II, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (I.T.)
| | - George Vassilopoulos
- Gene Therapy Lab, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Division of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Basic Research II, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (I.T.)
- Division of Hematology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence:
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7
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Meng J, Sweeney NP, Doreste B, Muntoni F, McClure M, Morgan J. Restoration of Functional Full-Length Dystrophin After Intramuscular Transplantation of Foamy Virus-Transduced Myoblasts. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:241-252. [PMID: 31801386 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to treat muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To avoid immune rejection of donor cells or donor-derived muscle, autologous cells, which have been genetically modified to express dystrophin, are preferable to cells derived from healthy donors. Restoration of full-length dystrophin (FL-dys) using viral vectors is extremely challenging, due to the limited packaging capacity of the vectors, but we have recently shown that either a foamy viral or lentiviral vector is able to package FL-dys open-reading frame and transduce myoblasts derived from a DMD patient. Differentiated myotubes derived from these transduced cells produced FL-dys. Here, we transplanted the foamy viral dystrophin-corrected DMD myoblasts intramuscularly into mdx nude mice, and showed that the transduced cells contributed to muscle regeneration, expressing FL-dys in nearly all the muscle fibers of donor origin. Furthermore, we showed that the restored FL-dys recruited members of the dystrophin-associated protein complex and neuronal nitric oxide synthase within donor-derived muscle fibers, evidence that the restored dystrophin protein is functional. Dystrophin-expressing donor-derived muscle fibers expressed lower levels of utrophin than host muscle fibers, providing additional evidence of functional improvement of donor-derived myofibers. This is the first in vivo evidence that foamy virus vector-transduced DMD myoblasts can contribute to muscle regeneration and mediate functional dystrophin restoration following their intramuscular transplantation, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for individual small muscles in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Meng
- Developmental Neuroscience Programme, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Paul Sweeney
- Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Doreste
- Developmental Neuroscience Programme, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Developmental Neuroscience Programme, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myra McClure
- Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Morgan
- Developmental Neuroscience Programme, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Lnc-RP5 Regulates the miR-129-5p/Notch1/PFV Internal Promoter Axis to Promote the Expression of the Prototype Foamy Virus Transactivator Tas. Virol Sin 2019; 35:73-82. [PMID: 31637632 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is a unique retrovirus that infects animals and humans and does not cause clinical symptoms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are believed to exert multiple regulatory functions during viral infections. Previously, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to characterize and identify the lncRNA lnc-RP5-1086D14.3.1-1:1 (lnc-RP5), which is markedly decreased in PFV-infected cells. However, little is known about the function of lnc-RP5 during PFV infection. In this study, we identified lnc-RP5 as a regulator of the PFV transcriptional transactivator (Tas). Lnc-RP5 enhanced the activity of the PFV internal promoter (IP). The expression of PFV Tas was found to be promoted by lnc-RP5. Moreover, miR-129-5p was found to be involved in the lnc-RP5-mediated promotion of PFV IP activity, while the Notch1 protein suppressed the activity of PFV IP and the expression of Tas. Our results demonstrate that lnc-RP5 promotes the expression of PFV Tas through the miR-129-5p/Notch1/PFV IP axis. This work provides evidence that host lncRNAs can manipulate PFV replication by employing miRNAs and proteins during an early viral infection.
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9
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Everson EM, Hocum JD, Trobridge GD. Efficacy and safety of a clinically relevant foamy vector design in human hematopoietic repopulating cells. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3028. [PMID: 29935087 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that foamy viral (FV) vectors are a promising alternative to gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors and also that insulators can improve FV vector safety. However, in a previous analysis of insulator effects on FV vector safety, strong viral promoters were used to elicit genotoxic events. In the present study, we developed and analyzed the efficacy and safety of a high-titer, clinically relevant FV vector driven by the housekeeping promoter elongation factor-1α and insulated with an enhancer blocking A1 insulator (FV-EGW-A1). METHODS Human CD34+ cord blood cells were exposed to an enhanced green fluorescent protein expressing vector, FV-EGW-A1, at a multiplicity of infection of 10 and then maintained in vitro or transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Flow cytometry was used to measure engraftment and marking in vivo. FV vector integration sites were analyzed to assess safety. RESULTS FV-EGW-A1 resulted in high-marking, multilineage engraftment of human repopulating cells with no evidence of silencing. Engraftment was highly polyclonal with no clonal dominance and a promising safety profile based on integration site analysis. CONCLUSIONS An FV vector with an elongation factor-1α promoter and an A1 insulator is a promising vector design for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Everson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, WSU Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jonah D Hocum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, WSU Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, WSU Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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10
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Melamed A, Yaguchi H, Miura M, Witkover A, Fitzgerald TW, Birney E, Bangham CR. The human leukemia virus HTLV-1 alters the structure and transcription of host chromatin in cis. eLife 2018; 7:36245. [PMID: 29941091 PMCID: PMC6019074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin looping controls gene expression by regulating promoter-enhancer contacts, the spread of epigenetic modifications, and the segregation of the genome into transcriptionally active and inactive compartments. We studied the impact on the structure and expression of host chromatin by the human retrovirus HTLV-1. We show that HTLV-1 disrupts host chromatin structure by forming loops between the provirus and the host genome; certain loops depend on the critical chromatin architectural protein CTCF, which we recently discovered binds to the HTLV-1 provirus. We show that the provirus causes two distinct patterns of abnormal transcription of the host genome in cis: bidirectional transcription in the host genome immediately flanking the provirus, and clone-specific transcription in cis at non-contiguous loci up to >300 kb from the integration site. We conclude that HTLV-1 causes insertional mutagenesis up to the megabase range in the host genome in >104 persistently-maintained HTLV-1+ T-cell clones in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Melamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroko Yaguchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michi Miura
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aviva Witkover
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas W Fitzgerald
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Birney
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Rm Bangham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most prevalent monogenic disorder worldwide and curative therapies are limited to hematopoietic stem cell transplant to the few with matched donors. Gene therapy has curative potential, whereby autologous hematopoietic stem cells are genetically modified and transplanted, which would not be limited by matched donors, resulting in 1-time, life-long correction devoid of immune side effects. Significant progress has been made to clinically translate gene therapy for sickle cell disease using lentivirus vectors carrying antisickling genes. This review focuses on the current state of the field, factors that determine clinical success, gene editing, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Jayavaradhan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Mail Location 7013, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Mail Location: 0529, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute (CBDI), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Mail Location 7013, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Mail Location: 0529, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA.
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