1
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Immunogenetics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women veterans. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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2
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Chentoufi AA, Dhanushkodi NR, Srivastava R, Prakash S, Coulon PGA, Zayou L, Vahed H, Chentoufi HA, Hormi-Carver KK, BenMohamed L. Combinatorial Herpes Simplex Vaccine Strategies: From Bedside to Bench and Back. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849515. [PMID: 35547736 PMCID: PMC9082490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV1 and HSV-2) is an important goal for global health. In this review we reexamined (i) the status of ocular herpes vaccines in clinical trials; and (ii) discusses the recent scientific advances in the understanding of differential immune response between HSV infected asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals that form the basis for the new combinatorial vaccine strategies targeting HSV; and (iii) shed light on our novel "asymptomatic" herpes approach based on protective immune mechanisms in seropositive asymptomatic individuals who are "naturally" protected from recurrent herpetic diseases. We previously reported that phenotypically and functionally distinct HSV-specific memory CD8+ T cell subsets in asymptomatic and symptomatic HSV-infected individuals. Moreover, a better protection induced following a prime/pull vaccine approach that consists of first priming anti-viral effector memory T cells systemically and then pulling them to the sites of virus reactivation (e.g., sensory ganglia) and replication (e.g., eyes and vaginal mucosa), following mucosal administration of vectors expressing T cell-attracting chemokines. In addition, we reported that a combination of prime/pull vaccine approach with approaches to reverse T cell exhaustion led to even better protection against herpes infection and disease. Blocking PD-1, LAG-3, TIGIT and/or TIM-3 immune checkpoint pathways helped in restoring the function of antiviral HSV-specific CD8+ T cells in latently infected ganglia and increased efficacy and longevity of the prime/pull herpes vaccine. We discussed that a prime/pull vaccine strategy that use of asymptomatic epitopes, combined with immune checkpoint blockade would prove to be a successful herpes vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz A. Chentoufi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nisha R. Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pierre-Gregoire A. Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Latifa Zayou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, Limited Liability Company (LLC), University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Kathy K. Hormi-Carver
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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3
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Carr DJJ, Berube A, Gershburg E. The Durability of Vaccine Efficacy against Ocular HSV-1 Infection Using ICP0 Mutants 0∆NLS and 0∆RING Is Lost over Time. Pathogens 2021; 10:1470. [PMID: 34832625 PMCID: PMC8618588 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines to viral pathogens in experimental animal models are often deemed successful if immunization enhances resistance of the host to virus challenge as measured by cumulative survival, reduction in virus replication and spread and/or lessen or eliminate overt tissue pathology. Furthermore, the duration of the protective response against challenge is another important consideration that drives a vaccination regimen. In the current study, we assessed the durability of two related vaccines, 0∆NLS and 0∆RING, against ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) challenge in mice thirty days (short-term) and one year (long-term) following the vaccine boost. The short-term vaccine efficacy study found the 0∆RING vaccine to be nearly equivalent to the 0∆NLS vaccine in comparison to vehicle-vaccinated mice in terms of controlling virus replication and preserving the visual axis. By comparison, the long-term assessment of the two vaccines found notable differences and less efficacy overall as noted below. Specifically, the results show that in comparison to vehicle-vaccinated mice, the 0∆NLS and 0∆RING vaccinated groups were more resistant in terms of survival and virus shedding following ocular challenge. Moreover, 0∆NLS vaccinated mice also possessed significantly less infectious virus in the peripheral and central nervous systems but not the cornea compared to mice vaccinated with vehicle or 0∆RING which had similar levels. However, all vaccinated groups showed similar levels of blood and lymphatic vessel genesis into the central cornea 30 days post infection. Likewise, corneal opacity was also similar among all groups of vaccinated mice following infection. Functionally, the blink response and visual acuity were 25-50% lower in vaccinated mice 30 days post infection compared to measurements taken prior to infection. The results demonstrate a dichotomy between resistance to infection and functional performance of the visual axis that collectively show an overall loss in vaccine efficacy long-term in comparison to short-term studies in a conventional prime-boost protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. J. Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Amanda Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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4
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Carr DJJ, Berube AN, Filiberti A, Gmyrek GB. Lack of neonatal Fc receptor does not diminish the efficacy of the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine against ocular HSV-1 challenge. Vaccine 2021; 39:2526-2536. [PMID: 33814229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is constitutively expressed in the cornea and is up-regulated in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Previously, we found targeting cornea FcRn expression by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown reduced the local efficacy of HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated C57BL/6 mice against ocular challenge with HSV-1. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine efficacy in FcRn deficient (FcRn KO) mice challenged with HSV-1. Whereas there was little neutralizing antibody detected in the serum of HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated FcRn KO mice, these mice exhibited the same degree of protection against ocular challenge with HSV-1 as wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice as measured by cumulative survival, infectious virus shed or retained in tissue, and corneal pathology including opacity and neovascularization. Mock-vaccinated FcRn KO mice were found to be more sensitive to ocular HSV-1 infection compared to mock-vaccinated (WT) mice in terms of cumulative survival and virus shedding. In addition, the FcRn KO mice generated significantly fewer effector (CD3+CD44+CD62L-) and central (CD3+CD44+CD62L+) memory CD8+ T cells compared to the WT mice 7 days post infection. Collectively, mock-vaccinated FcRn KO mice are susceptible to ocular HSV-1 infection but HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccinated FcRn KO mice are resistant suggesting that in addition to the FcRn, other pathways are involved in mediating the protective effect of the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine against subsequent HSV-1 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Amanda N Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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5
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Immel A, Pierini F, Rinne C, Meadows J, Barquera R, Szolek A, Susat J, Böhme L, Dose J, Bonczarowska J, Drummer C, Fuchs K, Ellinghaus D, Kässens JC, Furholt M, Kohlbacher O, Schade-Lindig S, Franke A, Schreiber S, Krause J, Müller J, Lenz TL, Nebel A, Krause-Kyora B. Genome-wide study of a Neolithic Wartberg grave community reveals distinct HLA variation and hunter-gatherer ancestry. Commun Biol 2021; 4:113. [PMID: 33495542 PMCID: PMC7835224 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wartberg culture (WBC, 3500-2800 BCE) dates to the Late Neolithic period, a time of important demographic and cultural transformations in western Europe. We performed genome-wide analyses of 42 individuals who were interred in a WBC collective burial in Niedertiefenbach, Germany (3300-3200 cal. BCE). The results showed that the farming population of Niedertiefenbach carried a surprisingly large hunter-gatherer ancestry component (34–58%). This component was most likely introduced during the cultural transformation that led to the WBC. In addition, the Niedertiefenbach individuals exhibited a distinct human leukocyte antigen gene pool, possibly reflecting an immune response that was geared towards detecting viral infections. Alexander Immel et al. performed genome-wide analyses of 42 individuals from a collective burial in Niedertiefenbach, Germany from the Wartberg Culture. The authors find that this population had a large hunter-gatherer ancestry component and a distinct HLA pool, which indicates immune defenses against viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Immel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Federica Pierini
- Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Christoph Rinne
- Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Johanna-Mestorf-Strasse 2-6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - John Meadows
- Leibniz Laboratory for AMS Dating and Isotope Research, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Strasse 11-13, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology (ZBSA), Schloss Gottorf, 24837, Schleswig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Khalaische Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - András Szolek
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Susat
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa Böhme
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joanna Bonczarowska
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Clara Drummer
- Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Johanna-Mestorf-Strasse 2-6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Fuchs
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Christian Kässens
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Furholt
- Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 11, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schade-Lindig
- Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen, hessenARCHÄOLOGIE, Schloss Biebrich, 65203, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Khalaische Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Johanna-Mestorf-Strasse 2-6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias L Lenz
- Research Group for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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6
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Gmyrek GB, Filiberti A, Montgomery M, Chitrakar A, Royer DJ, Carr DJJ. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) 0ΔNLS Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protects against Ocular HSV-1 Infection in the Absence of Neutralizing Antibody in HSV-1 gB T Cell Receptor-Specific Transgenic Mice. J Virol 2020; 94:e01000-20. [PMID: 32999018 PMCID: PMC7925190 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01000-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of T cell and antibody responses following vaccination in resistance to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection continues to be rigorously investigated. In the present article, we explore the contribution of CD8+ T cells specific for the major antigenic epitope for HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB498-505, gB) in C57BL/6 mice using a transgenic mouse (gBT-I.1) model vaccinated with HSV-1 0ΔNLS. gBT-I.1-vaccinated mice did not generate a robust neutralization antibody titer in comparison to the HSV-1 0ΔNLS-vaccinated wild-type C57BL/6 counterpart. Nevertheless, the vaccinated gBT-I.1 mice were resistant to ocular challenge with HSV-1 compared to vehicle-vaccinated animals based on survival and reduced corneal neovascularization but displayed similar levels of corneal opacity. Whereas there was no difference in the virus titer recovered from the cornea comparing vaccinated mice, HSV-1 0ΔNLS-vaccinated animals possessed significantly less infectious virus during acute infection in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and brain stem compared to the control-vaccinated group. These results correlated with a significant increase in gB-elicited interferon-γ (IFN-γ), granzyme B, and CD107a and a reduction in lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) expressed by TG infiltrating gB-specific CD8+ T cells from the HSV-1 0ΔNLS-vaccinated group. Antibody depletion of CD8+ T cells in HSV-1 0ΔNLS-vaccinated mice rendered animals highly susceptible to virus-mediated mortality similar to control-vaccinated mice. Collectively, the HSV-1 0ΔNLS vaccine is effective against ocular HSV-1 challenge, reducing ocular neovascularization and suppressing peripheral nerve virus replication in the near absence of neutralizing antibody in this unique mouse model.IMPORTANCE The role of CD8+ T cells in antiviral efficacy using a live-attenuated virus as the vaccine is complicated by the humoral immune response. In the case of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) 0ΔNLS vaccine, the correlate of protection has been defined to be primarily antibody driven. The current study shows that in the near absence of anti-HSV-1 antibody, vaccinated mice are protected from subsequent challenge with wild-type HSV-1 as measured by survival. The efficacy is lost following depletion of CD8+ T cells. Whereas increased survival and reduction in virus replication were observed in vaccinated mice challenged with HSV-1, cornea pathology was mixed with a reduction in neovascularization but no change in opacity. Collectively, the study suggests CD8+ T cells significantly contribute to the host adaptive immune response to HSV-1 challenge following vaccination with an attenuated virus, but multiple factors are involved in cornea pathology in response to ocular virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Micaela Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Alisha Chitrakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Derek J Royer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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7
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He T, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Jia R, Wu Y, Huang J, Chen S, Zhao XX, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Wen X, Tian B, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Pan L, Chen X. Duck enteritis virus pUL47, as a late structural protein localized in the nucleus, mainly depends on residues 40 to 50 and 768 to 777 and inhibits IFN-β signalling by interacting with STAT1. Vet Res 2020; 51:135. [PMID: 33176874 PMCID: PMC7656727 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. The characteristics of some DEV genes have been reported. However, information regarding the DEV UL47 gene is limited. In this study, we identified the DEV UL47 gene encoding a late structural protein located in the nucleus of infected cells. We further found that two domains of DEV pUL47, amino acids (aa) 40 to 50 and 768 to 777, could function as nuclear localization sequence (NLS) to guide the nuclear localization of pUL47 and nuclear translocation of heterologous proteins, including enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and beta-galactosidase (β-Gal). Moreover, pUL47 significantly inhibited polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced interferon beta (IFN-β) production and downregulated interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, such as Mx and oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL), by interacting with signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqiong He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - XinJian Wen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Carr DJJ, Gmyrek GB, Filiberti A, Berube AN, Browne WP, Gudgel BM, Sjoelund VH. Distinguishing Features of High- and Low-Dose Vaccine against Ocular HSV-1 Infection Correlates with Recognition of Specific HSV-1-Encoded Proteins. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:608-626. [PMID: 33037098 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacy of a live-attenuated HSV type 1 (HSV-1) vaccine, HSV-1 0∆ nuclear location signal (NLS), was evaluated in mice prophylactically in response to ocular HSV-1 challenge. Mice vaccinated with the HSV-1 0∆NLS were found to be more resistant to subsequent ocular virus challenge in terms of viral shedding, spread, the inflammatory response, and ocular pathology in a dose-dependent fashion. Specifically, a strong neutralizing Ab profile associated with low virus titers recovered from the cornea and trigeminal ganglia was observed in vaccinated mice in a dose-dependent fashion with doses ranging from 1 × 103 to 1 × 105 PFU HSV-1 0∆NLS. This correlation also existed in terms of viral latency in the trigeminal ganglia, corneal neovascularization, and leukocyte infiltration and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in infected tissue with the higher doses (1 × 104-1 × 105 PFU) of the HSV-1 0∆NLS-vaccinated mice, displaying reduced viral latency, ocular pathology, or inflammation in comparison with the lowest dose (1 × 103 PFU) or vehicle vaccine employed. Fifteen HSV-1-encoded proteins were uniquely recognized by antisera from high-dose (1 × 105 PFU)-vaccinated mice in comparison with low-dose (1 × 103 PFU)- or vehicle-vaccinated animals. Passive immunization using high-dose-vaccinated, but not low-dose-vaccinated, mouse sera showed significant efficacy against ocular pathology in HSV-1-challenged animals. In summary, we have identified the minimal protective dose of HSV-1 0∆NLS vaccine in mice to prevent HSV-mediated disease and identified candidate proteins that may be useful in the development of a noninfectious prophylactic vaccine against the insidious HSV-1 pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Adrian Filiberti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Amanda N Berube
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - William P Browne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Brett M Gudgel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Virginie H Sjoelund
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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9
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Prakash S, Roy S, Srivastava R, Coulon PG, Dhanushkodi NR, Vahed H, Jankeel A, Geertsema R, Amezquita C, Nguyen L, Messaoudi I, Burkhardt AM, BenMohamed L. Unique molecular signatures of antiviral memory CD8 + T cells associated with asymptomatic recurrent ocular herpes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13843. [PMID: 32796943 PMCID: PMC7427992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of antiviral CD8+ T cells associated with protective and pathogenic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections remains unclear. We compared the transcriptome, phenotype, and function of memory CD8+ T cells, sharing the same HSV-1 epitope-specificities, from infected HLA-A*0201 positive symptomatic (SYMP) vs. asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals and HLA-A*0201 transgenic rabbits. Compared to higher frequencies of multifunctional effector memory CD8+ TEM cells in ASYMP individuals, the SYMP individuals presented dysfunctional CD8+ TEM cells, expressing major exhaustion pathways. Compared to protected ASYMP HLA transgenic rabbits, the trigeminal ganglia of non-protected SYMP HLA transgenic rabbits had higher frequencies of dysfunctional tissue-resident CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, blockade of T cell exhaustion pathways restored the function of CD8+ T cells, reduced virus reactivation, and diminished recurrent disease in HLA transgenic rabbits. These findings reveal unique molecular signatures of protective CD8+ T cells and pave the way for T-cell-based immunotherapy to combat recurrent ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Pierre-Gregoire Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nisha R Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Allen Jankeel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Roger Geertsema
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cassandra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Amanda M Burkhardt
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2032; 843 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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10
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Coulon PG, Roy S, Prakash S, Srivastava R, Dhanushkodi N, Salazar S, Amezquita C, Nguyen L, Vahed H, Nguyen AM, Warsi WR, Ye C, Carlos-Cruz EA, Mai UT, BenMohamed L. Upregulation of Multiple CD8 + T Cell Exhaustion Pathways Is Associated with Recurrent Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:454-468. [PMID: 32540992 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of the world's population harbors latent HSV type 1 (HSV-1). Cross-talk between antiviral CD8+ T cells and HSV-1 appear to control latency/reactivation cycles. We found that compared with healthy asymptomatic individuals, in symptomatic (SYMP) patients, the CD8+ T cells with the same HLA-A*0201-restricted HSV-1 epitope specificities expressed multiple genes and proteins associated to major T cell exhaustion pathways and were dysfunctional. Blockade of immune checkpoints with anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 antagonist mAbs synergistically restored the frequency and function of antiviral CD8+ T cells, both 1) ex vivo, in SYMP individuals and SYMP HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice; and 2) in vivo in HSV-1-infected SYMP HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. This was associated with a significant reduction in virus reactivation and recurrent ocular herpetic disease. These findings confirm antiviral CD8+ T cell exhaustion during SYMP herpes infection and pave the way to targeting immune checkpoints to combat recurrent ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Grégoire Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Nisha Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Stephanie Salazar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Cassandra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Angela M Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Wasay R Warsi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Caitlin Ye
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Edgar A Carlos-Cruz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Uyen T Mai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and.,Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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11
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Srivastava R, Coulon PGA, Prakash S, Dhanushkodi NR, Roy S, Nguyen AM, Alomari NI, Mai UT, Amezquita C, Ye C, Maillère B, BenMohamed L. Human Epitopes Identified from Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein VP11/12 (UL46) Recall Multifunctional Effector Memory CD4 + T EM Cells in Asymptomatic Individuals and Protect from Ocular Herpes Infection and Disease in "Humanized" HLA-DR Transgenic Mice. J Virol 2020; 94:e01991-19. [PMID: 31915285 PMCID: PMC7081904 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01991-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While the role of CD8+ T cells in the control of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection and disease is gaining wider acceptance, a direct involvement of effector CD4+ T cells in this protection and the phenotype and function of HSV-specific human CD4+ T cell epitopes remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we report that several epitopes from the HSV-1 virion tegument protein (VP11/12) encoded by UL46 are targeted by CD4+ T cells from HSV-seropositive asymptomatic individuals (who, despite being infected, never develop any recurrent herpetic disease). Among these, we identified two immunodominant effector memory CD4+ TEM cell epitopes, amino acids (aa) 129 to 143 of VP11/12 (VP11/12129-143) and VP11/12483-497, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches based on the following: (i) a combination of the TEPITOPE algorithm and PepScan library scanning of the entire 718 aa of HSV-1 VP11/12 sequence; (ii) an in silico peptide-protein docking analysis and in vitro binding assay that identify epitopes with high affinity to soluble HLA-DRB1 molecules; and (iii) an ELISpot assay and intracellular detection of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), CD107a/b degranulation, and CD4+ T cell carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) proliferation assays. We demonstrated that native VP11/12129-143 and VP11/12483-497 epitopes presented by HSV-1-infected HLA-DR-positive target cells were recognized mainly by effector memory CD4+ TEM cells while being less targeted by FOXP3+ CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, immunization of HLA-DR transgenic mice with a mixture of the two immunodominant human VP11/12 CD4+ TEM cell epitopes, but not with cryptic epitopes, induced HSV-specific polyfunctional IFN-γ-producing CD107ab+ CD4+ T cells associated with protective immunity against ocular herpes infection and disease.IMPORTANCE We report that naturally protected HSV-1-seropositive asymptomatic individuals develop a higher frequency of antiviral effector memory CD4+ TEM cells specific to two immunodominant epitopes derived from the HSV-1 tegument protein VP11/12. Immunization of HLA-DR transgenic mice with a mixture of these two immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitopes induced a robust antiviral CD4+ T cell response in the cornea that was associated with protective immunity against ocular herpes. The emerging concept of developing an asymptomatic herpes vaccine that would boost effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ TEM cell responses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pierre-Gregoire A Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nisha R Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Angela M Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nuha I Alomari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Uyen T Mai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cassendra Amezquita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Ye
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bernard Maillère
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
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12
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Cunningham AL, Heineman TC, Lal H, Godeaux O, Chlibek R, Hwang SJ, McElhaney JE, Vesikari T, Andrews C, Choi WS, Esen M, Ikematsu H, Choma MK, Pauksens K, Ravault S, Salaun B, Schwarz TF, Smetana J, Abeele CV, Van den Steen P, Vastiau I, Weckx LY, Levin MJ. Immune Responses to a Recombinant Glycoprotein E Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Adults Aged 50 Years or Older. J Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29529222 PMCID: PMC5946839 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su), consisting of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE) and AS01B Adjuvant System, was highly efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in the ZOE-50 and ZOE-70 trials. We present immunogenicity results from those trials. Methods Participants (ZOE-50: ≥50; ZOE-70: ≥70 years of age) received 2 doses of HZ/su or placebo, 2 months apart. Serum anti-gE antibodies and CD4 T cells expressing ≥2 of 4 activation markers assessed (CD42+) after stimulation with gE-peptides were measured in subcohorts for humoral (n = 3293) and cell-mediated (n = 466) immunogenicity. Results After vaccination, 97.8% of HZ/su and 2.0% of placebo recipients showed a humoral response. Geometric mean anti-gE antibody concentrations increased 39.1-fold and 8.3-fold over baseline in HZ/su recipients at 1 and 36 months post-dose 2, respectively. A gE-specific CD42+ T-cell response was shown in 93.3% of HZ/su and 0% of placebo recipients. Median CD42+ T-cell frequencies increased 24.6-fold (1 month) and 7.9-fold (36 months) over baseline in HZ/su recipients and remained ≥5.6-fold above baseline in all age groups at 36 months. The proportion of CD4 T cells expressing all 4 activation markers increased over time in all age groups. Conclusions Most HZ/su recipients developed robust immune responses persisting for 3 years following vaccination. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01165177; NCT01165229.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roman Chlibek
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Shinn-Jang Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan
| | | | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Meral Esen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Clinic of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Karlis Pauksens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | - Tino F Schwarz
- Central Laboratory and Vaccination Centre, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Standort Juliusspital, Germany
| | - Jan Smetana
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Myron J Levin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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13
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Heineman TC, Cunningham A, Levin M. Understanding the immunology of Shingrix, a recombinant glycoprotein E adjuvanted herpes zoster vaccine. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 59:42-48. [PMID: 31003070 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herpes zoster is common in older and immune suppressed persons due to diminished VZV-specific cellular immunity. A recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) consisting of a single VZV glycoprotein and an adjuvant system stimulates robust and persistent VZV-specific antibody and CD4+ T cell responses in these high-risk populations. VZV-specific immune responses induced by RZV, including the generation of polyfunctional T cells, are driven by the synergistic actions of the components of the vaccine adjuvant system. RZV provides unprecedented protection against herpes zoster in older adults regardless of age at vaccination and is efficacious in immune suppressed populations. Adjuvanted subunit antigens may represent a general strategy for vaccines in the elderly and other individuals typically considered immunologically resistant to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Heineman
- Halozyme Therapeutics, Clinical Development and Translational Medicine, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Cunningham
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Myron Levin
- Departments of Pedatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States.
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14
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Unique Type I Interferon, Expansion/Survival Cytokines, and JAK/STAT Gene Signatures of Multifunctional Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Effector Memory CD8 + T EM Cells Are Associated with Asymptomatic Herpes in Humans. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01882-18. [PMID: 30487281 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01882-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of the world population harbors herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a major cause of infectious corneal blindness. HSV-specific CD8+ T cells protect from herpesvirus infection and disease. However, the genomic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of CD8+ T cells associated with the protection seen in asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals, who, despite being infected, never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease, remains to be fully elucidated. In this investigation, we compared the phenotype, function, and level of expression of a comprehensive panel of 579 immune genes of memory CD8+ T cells, sharing the same HSV-1 epitope specificities, and freshly isolated peripheral blood from well-characterized cohorts of protected ASYMP and nonprotected symptomatic (SYMP) individuals, with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent herpetic disease, using the high-throughput digital NanoString nCounter system and flow cytometry. Interestingly, our results demonstrated that memory CD8+ T cells from ASYMP individuals expressed a unique set of genes involved in expansion and survival, type I interferon (IFN-I), and JAK/STAT pathways. Frequent multifunctional HSV-specific effector memory CD62Llow CD44high CD8+ TEM cells were detected in ASYMP individuals compared to more of monofunctional central memory CD62Lhigh CD44high CD8+ TCM cells in SYMP individuals. Shedding light on the genotype, phenotype, and function of antiviral CD8+ T cells from "naturally protected" ASYMP individuals will help design future T-cell-based ocular herpes immunotherapeutic vaccines.IMPORTANCE A staggering number of the world population harbors herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) potentially leading to blinding recurrent herpetic disease. While the majority are asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals who never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease, symptomatic (SYMP) individuals have a history of numerous episodes of recurrent ocular herpetic disease. This study elucidates the phenotype, the effector function, and the gene signatures of memory CD8+ T-cell populations associated with protection seen in ASYMP individuals. Frequent multifunctional HSV-specific effector memory CD8+ TEM cells were detected in ASYMP individuals. In contrast, nonprotected SYMP individuals had more central memory CD8+ TCM cells. The memory CD8+ TEM cells from ASYMP individuals expressed unique gene signatures characterized by higher levels of type I interferon (IFN), expansion and expansion/survival cytokines, and JAK/STAT pathways. Future studies on the genotype, phenotype, and function of antiviral CD8+ T cells from "naturally protected" ASYMP individuals will help in the potential design of T-cell-based ocular herpes vaccines.
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15
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Roy S, Coulon PG, Srivastava R, Vahed H, Kim GJ, Walia SS, Yamada T, Fouladi MA, Ly VT, BenMohamed L. Blockade of LAG-3 Immune Checkpoint Combined With Therapeutic Vaccination Restore the Function of Tissue-Resident Anti-viral CD8 + T Cells and Protect Against Recurrent Ocular Herpes Simplex Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2922. [PMID: 30619285 PMCID: PMC6304367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent viral diseases often occur after the viruses evade the hosts' immune system, by inducing exhaustion of antiviral T cells. In the present study, we found that functionally exhausted herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) -specific CD8+ T cells, with elevated expression of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), an immune checkpoint receptor that promotes T cell exhaustion, were frequent in symptomatic (SYMP) patients with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent corneal herpetic disease. Similarly, following UV-B induced virus reactivation from latency the symptomatic wild-type (WT) B6 mice that developed increase virus shedding and severe recurrent corneal herpetic disease had more exhausted HSV-specific LAG-3+CD8+ T cells in both trigeminal ganglia (TG) and cornea. Moreover, a therapeutic blockade of LAG-3 immune checkpoint with antagonist antibodies combined with a therapeutic immunization with gB498-505 peptide immunodominant epitope of latently infected B6 mice significantly restored the quality and quantity of functional HSV-1 gB498-505 specific CD8+ T cells in both TG and cornea and protected against UV-B induced recurrent corneal herpes infection and disease. In contrast to dysfunctional HSV-specific CD8+ T cells from WT B6 mice, more functional HSV-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in LAG-3-/- deficient mice and were associated with less UV-B induced recurrent corneal herpetic disease. Thus, the LAG-3 pathway plays a fundamental role in ocular herpes T cell immunopathology and provides an important immune checkpoint target that can synergizes with T cell-based therapeutic vaccines against symptomatic recurrent ocular herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Grace J Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sager S Walia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Taikun Yamada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mona A Fouladi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Vincent T Ly
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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16
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Srivastava R, Coulon PG, Roy S, Chilukuri S, Garg S, BenMohamed L. Phenotypic and Functional Signatures of Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Effector Memory CD73 +CD45RA highCCR7 lowCD8 + T EMRA and CD73 +CD45RA lowCCR7 lowCD8 + T EM Cells Are Associated with Asymptomatic Ocular Herpes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2315-2330. [PMID: 30201808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HSV type 1 (HSV-1)-specific CD8+ T cells protect from herpes infection and disease. However, the nature of protective CD8+ T cells in HSV-1 seropositive healthy asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (with no history of clinical herpes disease) remains to be determined. In this study, we compared the phenotype and function of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells from HLA-A*02:01-positive ASYMP and symptomatic (SYMP) individuals (with a documented history of numerous episodes of recurrent ocular herpetic disease). We report that although SYMP and ASYMP individuals have similar frequencies of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells, the "naturally" protected ASYMP individuals have a significantly higher proportion of multifunctional HSV-specific effector memory CD8+ T cells (CD73+CD45RAhighCCR7lowCD8+ effector memory RA (TEMRA) and CD73+CD45RAlowCCR7lowCD8+ effector memory (TEM) as compared with SYMP individuals. Similar to humans, HSV-1-infected ASYMP B6 mice had frequent multifunctional HSV-specific CD73+CD8+ T cells in the cornea, as compared with SYMP mice. Moreover, in contrast to wild type B6, CD73-/- deficient mice infected ocularly with HSV-1 developed more recurrent corneal herpetic infection and disease. This was associated with less functional CD8+ T cells in the cornea and trigeminal ganglia, the sites of acute and latent infection. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of HSV-specific circulating and in situ CD73+CD8+ T cells, demonstrated in both ASYMP humans and mice, suggest a positive role for effector memory CD8+ T cells expressing the CD73 costimulatory molecule in the protection against ocular herpes infection and disease. These findings are important for the development of safe and effective T cell-based herpes immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Coulon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sravya Chilukuri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sumit Garg
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697; .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697; and.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
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17
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Human Asymptomatic Epitope Peptide/CXCL10-Based Prime/Pull Vaccine Induces Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Gamma Interferon-Positive CD107 + CD8 + T Cells That Infiltrate the Corneas and Trigeminal Ganglia of Humanized HLA Transgenic Rabbits and Protect against Ocular Herpes Challenge. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00535-18. [PMID: 29899087 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00535-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that infects the cornea, causing potentially blinding herpetic disease. A clinical herpes vaccine is still lacking. In the present study, a novel prime/pull vaccine was tested in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic rabbit model of ocular herpes (HLA Tg rabbits). Three peptide epitopes were selected, from the HSV-1 membrane glycoprotein C (UL44400-408), the DNA replication binding helicase (UL9196-204), and the tegument protein (UL25572-580), all preferentially recognized by CD8+ T cells from "naturally protected" HSV-1-seropositive healthy asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (who never had recurrent corneal herpetic disease). HLA Tg rabbits were immunized with a mixture of these three ASYMP CD8+ T cell peptide epitopes (UL44400-408, UL9196-204, and UL25572-580), which were delivered subcutaneously with CpG2007 adjuvant (prime). Fifteen days later, half of the rabbits received a topical ocular treatment with a recombinant neurotropic adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) vector expressing the T cell-attracting CXCL10 chemokine (pull). The frequency and function of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells induced by the prime/pull vaccine were assessed in the peripheral blood, cornea, and trigeminal ganglion (TG). Compared to the cells generated in response to peptide immunization alone, the peptide/CXCL10 prime/pull vaccine generated frequent polyfunctional gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) CD107+ CD8+ T cells that infiltrated both the cornea and TG. CD8+ T cell mobilization into the cornea and TG of prime/pull-vaccinated rabbits was associated with a significant reduction in corneal herpesvirus infection and disease following an ocular HSV-1 (strain McKrae) challenge. These findings draw attention to the novel prime/pull vaccine strategy for mobilizing antiviral CD8+ T cells into tissues to protect against herpesvirus infection and disease.IMPORTANCE There is an urgent need for a vaccine against widespread herpes simplex virus infections. The present study demonstrates that immunization of HLA transgenic rabbits with a peptide/CXCL10 prime/pull vaccine triggered mobilization of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells locally into the cornea and TG, the sites of acute and latent herpesvirus infections, respectively. Mobilization of antiviral CD8+ T cells into the cornea and TG of rabbits that received the prime/pull vaccine was associated with protection against ocular herpesvirus infection and disease following an ocular HSV-1 challenge. These results highlight the importance of the prime/pull vaccine strategy to bolster the number and function of protective CD8+ T cells within infected tissues.
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18
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Esteves PJ, Abrantes J, Baldauf HM, BenMohamed L, Chen Y, Christensen N, González-Gallego J, Giacani L, Hu J, Kaplan G, Keppler OT, Knight KL, Kong XP, Lanning DK, Le Pendu J, de Matos AL, Liu J, Liu S, Lopes AM, Lu S, Lukehart S, Manabe YC, Neves F, McFadden G, Pan R, Peng X, de Sousa-Pereira P, Pinheiro A, Rahman M, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Subbian S, Tuñón MJ, van der Loo W, Vaine M, Via LE, Wang S, Mage R. The wide utility of rabbits as models of human diseases. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-10. [PMID: 29789565 PMCID: PMC5964082 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus contributed to elucidating numerous fundamental aspects of antibody structure and diversification mechanisms and continue to be valuable for the development and testing of therapeutic humanized polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, during the last two decades, the use of the European rabbit as an animal model has been increasingly extended to many human diseases. This review documents the continuing wide utility of the rabbit as a reliable disease model for development of therapeutics and vaccines and studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying many human diseases. Examples include syphilis, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, acute hepatic failure and diseases caused by noroviruses, ocular herpes, and papillomaviruses. The use of rabbits for vaccine development studies, which began with Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine in 1881, continues today with targets that include the potentially blinding HSV-1 virus infection and HIV-AIDS. Additionally, two highly fatal viral diseases, rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, affect the European rabbit and provide unique models to understand co-evolution between a vertebrate host and viral pathogens. Rabbits offer a powerful complement to rodents as a model for studying human immunology, disease pathology, and responses to infectious disease. A review from Pedro Esteves at the University of Porto, Portugal, Rose Mage of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, USA and colleagues highlights some of the areas of research where rabbits offer an edge over rats and mice. Rabbits have a particularly sophisticated adaptive immune system, which could provide useful insights into human biology and produce valuable research and clinical reagents. They are also excellent models for studying - infectious diseases such as syphilis and tuberculosis, which produce pathology that closely resembles that of human patients. Rabbit-specific infections such as myxomatosis are giving researchers insights into how pathogens and hosts can shape each other’s evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Esteves
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal. .,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Joana Abrantes
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine School of Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Neil Christensen
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Giacani
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Katherine L Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Dennis K Lanning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ana Lemos de Matos
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ana M Lopes
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sheila Lukehart
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabiana Neves
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Grant McFadden
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | - Ruimin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patricia de Sousa-Pereira
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.,Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Masmudur Rahman
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | | | - Selvakumar Subbian
- The Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Jesús Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Wessel van der Loo
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Michael Vaine
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tubercolosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rose Mage
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Torben W, Molehin AJ, Blair RV, Kenway C, Shiro F, Roslyn D, Chala B, Gutu D, Kebede MA, Ahmad G, Zhang W, Aye P, Mohan M, Lackner A, Siddiqui AA. The self-curing phenomenon of schistosome infection in rhesus macaques: insight from in vitro studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1408:79-89. [PMID: 29239481 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A reduction in the burden of schistosomiasis is potentially achievable by integrating a schistosomiasis vaccine with current control measures. Here, we determine parasite-specific in vitro responses of B, T, and NK cells from naive uninfected rhesus macaques to Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) egg (SmEA) and worm antigen (SmWA) preparations isolated from infected baboons. Pronounced B cell responses to SmEA and NK cell responses to both SmEA and SmWA were observed. High levels of IL-2 and IL-21 responses against Sm antigens were observed in T and non-T cells of lymph nodes (LNs) and gut lamina propria-derived lymphocytes (LPLs). Data analysis showed multifunctionality of LN-derived CD4+ , CD8+ , and CD4+ CD8+ double positive T cells against either SmWA or SmWA+SmEA antigen preparations. Distinct SmEA-specific multifunctional responses were observed in gut LPLs, suggesting simultaneous responses against egg antigens. These data provide insight into the immune effectors involved in schistosome responses by rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Workineh Torben
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Adebayo J Molehin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Carys Kenway
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Faith Shiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Davis Roslyn
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Bayissa Chala
- Department of Applied Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Gutu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Michael A Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Gul Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Peru State College, Peru, Nebraska
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Pyone Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Andrew Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, TNPRC, Comparative Pathology/Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Afzal A Siddiqui
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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20
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Selective Expression of CCR10 and CXCR3 by Circulating Human Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00810-17. [PMID: 28701399 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00810-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is restricted to epithelial cells and neurons and is controlled by CD8 T cells. These cells both traffic to epithelial sites of recurrent lytic infection and to ganglia and persist at the dermal-epidermal junction for up to 12 weeks after lesion resolution. We previously showed that cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), a functional E-selectin ligand (ESL), is selectively expressed on circulating HSV-2-specific CD8 T cells. CLA/ESL mediates adhesion of T cells to inflamed vascular endothelium. Later stages in T-cell homing involve chemokines (Ch) and lymphocyte chemokine receptors (ChR) for vascular wall arrest and diapedesis. Several candidate ChR have been implicated in skin homing. We measured cell surface ChR on HSV-specific human peripheral blood CD8 T cells and extended our studies to HSV-1. We observed preferential cell surface expression of CCR10 and CXCR3 by HSV-specific CD8 T cells compared to CD8 T cells specific for control viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), and compared to bulk memory CD8 T cells. CXCR3 ligand mRNA levels were selectively increased in skin biopsy specimens from persons with recurrent HSV-2, while the mRNA levels of the CCR10 ligand CCL27 were equivalent in lesion and control skin. Our data are consistent with a model in which CCL27 drives baseline recruitment of HSV-specific CD8 T cells expressing CCR10, while interferon-responsive CXCR3 ligands recruit additional cells in response to virus-driven inflammation.IMPORTANCE HSV-2 causes very localized recurrent infections in the skin and genital mucosa. Virus-specific CD8 T cells home to the site of recurrent infection and participate in viral clearance. The exit of T cells from the blood involves the use of chemokine receptors on the T-cell surface and chemokines that are present in infected tissue. In this study, circulating HSV-2-specific CD8 T cells were identified using specific fluorescent tetramer reagents, and their expression of several candidate skin-homing-associated chemokine receptors was measured using flow cytometry. We found that two chemokine receptors, CXCR3 and CCR10, are upregulated on HSV-specific CD8 T cells in blood. The chemokines corresponding to these receptors are also expressed in infected tissues. Vaccine strategies to prime CD8 T cells to home to HSV lesions should elicit these chemokine receptors if possible to increase the homing of vaccine-primed cells to sites of infection.
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21
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Dok-1 and Dok-2 Are Required To Maintain Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Specific CD8 + T Cells in a Murine Model of Ocular Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02297-16. [PMID: 28490594 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02297-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dok-1 and Dok-2 negatively regulate responses downstream of several immune receptors in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Recent evidence showed that Dok proteins are essential in the formation of memory CD8+ T cells to an exogenous epitope expressed by vaccinia virus; however, the importance of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in the control of viral infection is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Dok proteins in modulating the immune response against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in a mouse model of ocular infection. During acute infection, viral titers in the eye were similar in wild-type (WT) and Dok-1 and Dok-2 double-knockout (DKO) mice, and the percentages of infiltrating leukocytes were similar in DKO and WT corneas and trigeminal ganglia (TG). DKO mice exhibited a diminished CD8+ T cell response to the immunodominant HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) epitope in the spleen and draining lymph nodes compared to WT mice during acute infection. Remarkably, gB-specific CD8+ T cells almost completely disappeared in the spleens of DKO mice during latency, and the reduction of CD8+ effector memory T (Tem) cells was more severe than that of CD8+ central memory T (Tcm) cells. The percentage of gB-specific CD8+ T cells in TG during latency was also dramatically reduced in DKO mice; however, they were phenotypically similar to those from WT mice. In ex vivo assays, reactivation was detected earlier in TG cultures from infected DKO versus WT mice. Thus, Dok-1 and Dok-2 promote survival of gB-specific CD8+ T cells in TG latently infected with HSV-1.IMPORTANCE HSV-1 establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG). In humans, HSV-1 is able to sporadically reactivate from latently infected neurons and establish a lytic infection at a site to which the neurons project. Most herpetic disease in humans is due to reactivation of HSV-1 from latency rather than to primary acute infection. CD8+ T cells are thought to play an important role in controlling recurrent infections. In this study, we examined the involvement of Dok-1 and Dok-2 signaling proteins in the control of HSV-1 infection. We provide evidence that Dok proteins are required to maintain a CD8+ T cell response against HSV-1 during latency-especially CD8+ Tem cells-and that they negatively affect HSV-1 reactivation from latency. Elucidating Dok-mediated mechanisms involved in the control of HSV-1 reactivation from latency might contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent recurrent HSV-1-induced pathology.
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22
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CXCL10/CXCR3-Dependent Mobilization of Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8 + T EM and CD8 + T RM Cells within Infected Tissues Allows Efficient Protection against Recurrent Herpesvirus Infection and Disease. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00278-17. [PMID: 28468883 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00278-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency within the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG). HSV-specific memory CD8+ T cells play a critical role in preventing HSV-1 reactivation from TG and subsequent virus shedding in tears that trigger recurrent corneal herpetic disease. The CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)/CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokine pathway promotes T cell immunity to many viral pathogens, but its importance in CD8+ T cell immunity to recurrent herpes has been poorly elucidated. In this study, we determined how the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway affects TG- and cornea-resident CD8+ T cell responses to recurrent ocular herpesvirus infection and disease using a well-established murine model in which HSV-1 reactivation was induced from latently infected TG by UV-B light. Following UV-B-induced HSV-1 reactivation, a significant increase in both the number and function of HSV-specific CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells was detected in TG and corneas of protected C57BL/6 (B6) mice, but not in TG and corneas of nonprotected CXCL10-/- or CXCR3-/- deficient mice. This increase was associated with a significant reduction in both virus shedding and recurrent corneal herpetic disease. Furthermore, delivery of exogenous CXCL10 chemokine in TG of CXCL10-/- mice, using the neurotropic adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) vector, boosted the number and function of effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM) and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM), but not of central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM), locally within TG, and improved protection against recurrent herpesvirus infection and disease in CXCL10-/- deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 chemokine pathway is critical in shaping CD8+ T cell immunity, locally within latently infected tissues, which protects against recurrent herpesvirus infection and disease.IMPORTANCE We determined how the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway affects CD8+ T cell responses to recurrent ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Using a well-established murine model, in which HSV-1 reactivation in latently infected trigeminal ganglia was induced by UV-B light, we demonstrated that lack of either CXCL10 chemokine or its CXCR3 receptor compromised the mobilization of functional CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TRM cells within latently infected trigeminal ganglia following virus reactivation. This lack of T cell mobilization was associated with an increase in recurrent ocular herpesvirus infection and disease. Inversely, augmenting the amount of CXCL10 in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected CXCL10-deficient mice significantly restored the number of local antiviral CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TRM cells associated with protection against recurrent ocular herpes. Based on these findings, a novel "prime/pull" therapeutic ocular herpes vaccine strategy is proposed and discussed.
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Khan AA, Srivastava R, Chentoufi AA, Kritzer E, Chilukuri S, Garg S, Yu DC, Vahed H, Huang L, Syed SA, Furness JN, Tran TT, Anthony NB, McLaren CE, Sidney J, Sette A, Noelle RJ, BenMohamed L. Bolstering the Number and Function of HSV-1-Specific CD8 + Effector Memory T Cells and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Latently Infected Trigeminal Ganglia Reduces Recurrent Ocular Herpes Infection and Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:186-203. [PMID: 28539429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HSV type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that infects >3.72 billion individuals worldwide and can cause potentially blinding recurrent corneal herpetic disease. HSV-1 establishes latency within sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG), and TG-resident CD8+ T cells play a critical role in preventing its reactivation. The repertoire, phenotype, and function of protective CD8+ T cells are unknown. Bolstering the apparent feeble numbers of CD8+ T cells in TG remains a challenge for immunotherapeutic strategies. In this study, a comprehensive panel of 467 HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes was predicted from the entire HSV-1 genome. CD8+ T cell responses to these genome-wide epitopes were compared in HSV-1-seropositive symptomatic individuals (with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent herpetic disease) and asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (who are infected but never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease). Frequent polyfunctional HSV-specific IFN-γ+CD107a/b+CD44highCD62LlowCD8+ effector memory T cells were detected in ASYMP individuals and were primarily directed against three "ASYMP" epitopes. In contrast, symptomatic individuals have more monofunctional CD44highCD62LhighCD8+ central memory T cells. Furthermore, therapeutic immunization with an innovative prime/pull vaccine, based on priming with multiple ASYMP epitopes (prime) and neurotropic TG delivery of the T cell-attracting chemokine CXCL10 (pull), boosted the number and function of CD44highCD62LlowCD8+ effector memory T cells and CD103highCD8+ tissue-resident T cells in TG of latently infected HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice and reduced recurrent ocular herpes following UV-B-induced reactivation. These findings have profound implications in the development of T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies to treat blinding recurrent herpes infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif A Khan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Aziz A Chentoufi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Elizabeth Kritzer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sravya Chilukuri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sumit Garg
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - David C Yu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lei Huang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sabrina A Syed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Julie N Furness
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Tien T Tran
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Nesburn B Anthony
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Christine E McLaren
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - John Sidney
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03755
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697; .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697; and.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
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