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Chang YK, Lin YJ, Cheng CY, Tsai PC, Wang CY, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BEFV M protein-modulated by lamin A/C and chromosome maintenance region 1 through a transcription-, carrier- and energy-dependent pathway. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110026. [PMID: 38364467 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates for the first time that the matrix (M) protein of BEFV is a nuclear targeting protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a transcription-, carrier-, and energy-dependent manner. Experiments performed in both intact cells and digitonin-permeabilized cells revealed that M protein targets the nucleolus and requires carrier, cytosolic factors or energy input. By employing sequence and mutagenesis analyses, we have determined both nuclear localization signal (NLS) 6KKGKSK11 and nuclear export signal (NES) 98LIITSYL TI106 of M protein that are important for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of M protein. Furthermore, we found that both lamin A/C and chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM-1) proteins could be coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with the BEFV M protein. Knockdown of lamin A/C by shRNA and inhibition of CRM-1 by leptomycin B significantly reduced virus yield. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the BEFV M protein modulated by lamin A/C and CRM-1 and by a transcription- and carrier- and energy-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Depertment of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Jyum Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Young Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Li Y, Cui X, An W, Li C, Zhang S, Cao M, Yang C. The complete genome sequence of a putative novel cytorhabdovirus identified in Chelidonium majus in China. Arch Virol 2024; 169:56. [PMID: 38386128 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A new cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named "chelidonium yellow mottle associated virus" (CheYMaV), was identified in Chelidonium majus with yellow mottle symptoms by high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR. Its genome is 12,121 nucleotides in length and contains eight open reading frames (ORFs) in the order 3'-N-P'-P-P3-M-G-P6-L-5'. Amino acid sequence comparisons between the putative proteins of CheYMaV and the corresponding proteins of other cytorhabdoviruses showed that it shares the highest sequence similarity with Trifolium pratense virus A (TpVA, MH982250) and Glehnia littoralis virus 1 (GllV1, BK014304), but with sequence identity values below the species demarcation threshold for cytorhabdoviruses (< 80%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that CheYMaV is most closely related to TpVA and GllV1. CheYMaV should therefore be considered a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus. This is the first report of a cytorhabdovirus identified in Chelidonium majus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxia An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Guangxi Citrus Breeding and Cultivation Technology Innovation Center, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilizationof Specialty Commercial Crops in North Guangxi, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Caixia Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Dadong, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Bakhshesh M, Mollazadeh S, Almasi S, Azadi N. Whole genome characterization and evolutionary analysis of bovine ephemeral fever virus isolated in Iran. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:196. [PMID: 37061640 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arthropod-borne virus of cattle and water buffaloes which is enzootic in Africa, Australia, and Asia. We characterized the entire length of BEFV BA/RZ/IR strain genome isolated in Iran and compared to the all BEFV full genomes available in the GenBank. The BEFV genomes were phylogenetically classified as 4 lineages including the Middle Eastern, East Asian, Australian, and South African lineages. The Iranian BA/RZ/IR strain, which displayed maximum sequence identity (96.72%) to the Chinese JT02L strain was clustered as a separate branch in the East Asian lineage of the virus. Using Shannon entropy analysis, amino acid variations were detected in the all proteins encoded by BEFV genomes. Particularly, the polymerase L and the accessory proteins Gns, α2 and β exhibited the highest amino acid variations suggesting their significance in the viral replication efficiency. Our bioinformatics analyses also predict the occurrence of recombination event within the East Asian lineage of BEFV genomes. Our data show that the Chinese Henan 1 may be a hybrid strain constructed of the Chinese JT02L and Iranian BA/RZ/IR BEFV strains as the major and minor parents, respectively. These computational analyses suggest that the homologous recombination may be an evolutionary mechanism for BEFV as a member of the Rhabdoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Bakhshesh
- Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, P.O. Box: 31975/148, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Shima Mollazadeh
- Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, P.O. Box: 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Almasi
- Department of Animal Virology, Research and Diagnosis, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, P.O. Box: 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Azadi
- Veterinary Clinic, Shariati Street, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Development and validation of a DIVA ELISA for differentiating BEFV infected from vaccinated animals. J Virol Methods 2022; 310:114625. [PMID: 36167229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated vaccine is considered safe and used for prevention of bovine ephemeral fever in several endemic countries. To differentiate between BEFV-infected and vaccinated animals, we developed an ELISA capable of detecting infection-related antibodies against BEFV. Recombinant proteins, including N, P, M, L, GNS, α2, β and γ, were expressed in E. coli and screened by Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed GNS, α2 and β specifically reacted with sera from BEFV infected cattle but not sera from vaccinated cattle. A DIVA ELISA based on a C-terminal truncated form of GNS was developed, with 100% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity at a sample to positive-control optical density ratio (S/P) threshold of 0.18. Specificity analysis showed that the assay has no cross-reactivity with antisera of other common bovine viruses. Anti-GNS antibody appears at 3-4 days post infection (dpi) and persists up to 240-300 dpi in the experimentally infected cattle. Sero-epidemiological survey using sera collected from vaccinated cattle in an endemic area in Jiangsu Province revealed sero-positive rate of 2.36% (6/254), indicating that the DIVA ELISA could be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for differentiating BEFV infected from vaccinated animals.
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5
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Xia X, Cheng A, Wang M, Ou X, Sun D, Mao S, Huang J, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhu D, Jia R, Liu M, Zhao XX, Gao Q, Tian B. Functions of Viroporins in the Viral Life Cycle and Their Regulation of Host Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890549. [PMID: 35720341 PMCID: PMC9202500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viroporins are virally encoded transmembrane proteins that are essential for viral pathogenicity and can participate in various stages of the viral life cycle, thereby promoting viral proliferation. Viroporins have multifaceted effects on host cell biological functions, including altering cell membrane permeability, triggering inflammasome formation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and evading immune responses, thereby ensuring that the virus completes its life cycle. Viroporins are also virulence factors, and their complete or partial deletion often reduces virion release and reduces viral pathogenicity, highlighting the important role of these proteins in the viral life cycle. Thus, viroporins represent a common drug-protein target for inhibiting drugs and the development of antiviral therapies. This article reviews current studies on the functions of viroporins in the viral life cycle and their regulation of host cell responses, with the aim of improving the understanding of this growing family of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
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6
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Wu Q, Yang Z, Lu Z, Mi S, Feng Y, He B, Zhu G, Gong W, Tu C. Identification of two novel ephemeroviruses in pigs infected by classical swine fever virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 100:105273. [PMID: 35321840 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ephemeroviruses are arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses within Ephemerovirus genus and have been isolated exclusively from cattle and haematophagous arthropods (mosquitoes and biting midges) without any member detected or isolated up to date from pigs, although some serological surveys have indicated that pigs may be a silent host for ephemerovirus infection. Here, many viral reads annotated to, but genetically distinct from, the existing members within the Ephemerovirus genus have been identified in the meta-transcriptomic data of two clinical classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-infected samples (HeN10 and GDMM7). The nearly complete genome sequences of the two novel ephemeroviruses have been obtained through contig assembly, specific RT-PCR and sequencing, therefore named as porcine ephemeroviruses (PoEVs). Genome nucleotide sequence analysis showed that PoEV strains HeN10 and GDMM7 have similar genome organization and 66.5% genomic identity to each other, but both are genetically distant from all members of the Ephemerovirus genus with identity being only 51.1-59.6%. Furthermore, comparison of the most conserved ephemeroviral proteins N and L indicated that PoEV strains HeN10 and GDMM7 share a high sequence identity to each other (N: 78.1%; L: 70.7%), but are diverged from the known ephemeroviruses (N: 43.4-60.7%; L: 47.6-58.5%). The genetic distance is significantly beyond the criteria for demarcation of viruses assigned to different ephemerovirus species. Thereby, two novel viruses named as PoEV1 (strain HeN10) and PoEV2 (strain GDMM7) are identified and these appear to represent two new species within the Ephemerovirus genus. The present study showed the first genome evidence of pig ephemeroviruses, likely expanding the known host range of ephemerovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zongji Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shijiang Mi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Biao He
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; State Key Laboratory of Human and Animal Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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7
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Illuminating the Plant Rhabdovirus Landscape through Metatranscriptomics Data. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071304. [PMID: 34372509 PMCID: PMC8310260 DOI: 10.3390/v13071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoviruses infect a large number of plant species and cause significant crop diseases. They have a negative-sense, single-stranded unsegmented or bisegmented RNA genome. The number of plant-associated rhabdovirid sequences has grown in the last few years in concert with the extensive use of high-throughput sequencing platforms. Here, we report the discovery of 27 novel rhabdovirus genomes associated with 25 different host plant species and one insect, which were hidden in public databases. These viral sequences were identified through homology searches in more than 3000 plant and insect transcriptomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) using known plant rhabdovirus sequences as the query. The identification, assembly and curation of raw SRA reads resulted in sixteen viral genome sequences with full-length coding regions and ten partial genomes. Highlights of the obtained sequences include viruses with unique and novel genome organizations among known plant rhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that thirteen of the novel viruses were related to cytorhabdoviruses, one to alphanucleorhabdoviruses, five to betanucleorhabdoviruses, one to dichorhaviruses and seven to varicosaviruses. These findings resulted in the most complete phylogeny of plant rhabdoviruses to date and shed new light on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary landscape of this group of plant viruses. Furthermore, this study provided additional evidence for the complexity and diversity of plant rhabdovirus genomes and demonstrated that analyzing SRA public data provides an invaluable tool to accelerate virus discovery, gain evolutionary insights and refine virus taxonomy.
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8
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Lo YT, Tulloch F, Wu HC, Luke GA, Ryan MD, Chu CY. Expression and immunogenicity of secreted forms of bovine ephemeral fever virus glycoproteins applied to subunit vaccine development. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1123-1135. [PMID: 33605066 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vaccines for bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) are available but are difficult to produce, expensive or suffer from genetic instability. Therefore, we designed constructs encoding C-terminally truncated forms (transmembrane anchoring region deleted) of glycoproteins G and GNS such that they were secreted from the cell into the media to achieve high-level antigen expression, correct glycosylation pattern and enable further simple purification with the V5 epitope tag. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, synthetic biology was employed to create membrane-bound and secreted forms of G and GNS glycoprotein. Mammalian cell culture was employed as an antigen expression platform, and the secreted forms of G and GNS protein were easily purified from media using a highly effective, single-step method. The V5 epitope tag was genetically fused to the C-termini of the proteins, enabling detection of the antigen through immunoblotting and immunomicroscopy. Our data demonstrated that the C-terminally truncated form of the G glycoprotein was efficiently secreted from cells into the cell media. Moreover the immunogenicity was confirmed in mice test. CONCLUSIONS The immuno-dot blots showed that the truncated G glycoprotein was present in the total cell extract, and was clearly secreted into the media, consistent with the western blotting data and live-cell images. Our strategy presented the expression of secreted, epitope-tagged, forms of the BEFV glycoproteins such that appropriately glycosylated forms of BEFV G protein was secreted from the BHK-21 cells. This indicates that high-level expression of secreted G glycoprotein is a feasible strategy for large-scale production of vaccines and improving vaccine efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The antigen expression strategy designed in this study can produce high-quality recombinant protein and reduce the amount of antigen used in the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Lo
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - F Tulloch
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - H-C Wu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - G A Luke
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - M D Ryan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - C-Y Chu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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9
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Jalily PH, Duncan MC, Fedida D, Wang J, Tietjen I. Put a cork in it: Plugging the M2 viral ion channel to sink influenza. Antiviral Res 2020; 178:104780. [PMID: 32229237 PMCID: PMC7102647 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing threat of seasonal and pandemic influenza to human health requires antivirals that can effectively supplement existing vaccination strategies. The M2 protein of influenza A virus (IAV) is a proton-gated, proton-selective ion channel that is required for virus replication and is an established antiviral target. While licensed adamantane-based M2 antivirals have been historically used, M2 mutations that confer major adamantane resistance are now so prevalent in circulating virus strains that these drugs are no longer recommended. Here we review the current understanding of IAV M2 structure and function, mechanisms of inhibition, the rise of drug resistance mutations, and ongoing efforts to develop new antivirals that target resistant forms of M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria H Jalily
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maggie C Duncan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Ian Tietjen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Blasdell KR, Davis SS, Voysey R, Bulach DM, Middleton D, Williams S, Harmsen MB, Weir RP, Crameri S, Walsh SJ, Peck GR, Tesh RB, Boyle DB, Melville LF, Walker PJ. Hayes Yard virus: a novel ephemerovirus isolated from a bull with severe clinical signs of bovine ephemeral fever is most closely related to Puchong virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:58. [PMID: 32349781 PMCID: PMC7191811 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever is a vector-borne disease of ruminants that occurs in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia. The disease is caused by a rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which occurs as a single serotype globally. Although several other closely related ephemeroviruses have been isolated from cattle and/or arthropods, only kotonkan virus from Nigeria and (tentatively) Mavingoni virus from Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean have been previously associated with febrile disease. Here, we report the isolation of a novel virus (Hayes Yard virus; HYV) from blood collected in February 2000 from a bull (Bos indicus) in the Northern Territory of Australia. The animal was suffering from a severe ephemeral fever-like illness with neurological involvement, including recumbency and paralysis, and was euthanised. Histological examination of spinal cord and lung tissue identified extensive haemorrhage in the dura mata with moderate perineuronal oedema and extensive emphysema. HYV displayed cone-shaped morphology, typical of rhabdoviruses, and was found to be most closely related antigenically to Puchong virus (PUCV), isolated in 1965 from mosquitoes in Malaysia. Analysis of complete genome sequences of HYV (15 025 nt) and PUCV (14 932 nt) indicated that each has a complex organisation (3' N-P-M-G-GNS-α1-α2-β-γ-L 5') and expression strategy, similar to that of BEFV. Based on an alignment of complete L protein sequences, HYV and PUCV cluster with other rhabdoviruses in the genus Ephemerovirus and appear to represent two new species. Neutralising antibody to HYV was also detected in a retrospective survey of cattle sera collected in the Northern Territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Steven S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Timor-Leste Office, Menzies School of Health Research, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Rhonda Voysey
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Dieter M Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Deborah Middleton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sinead Williams
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Margaret B Harmsen
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Richard P Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sandra Crameri
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Susan J Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Grantley R Peck
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David B Boyle
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Lorna F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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11
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Harris JL, Dave K, Gorman J, Khanna KK. The breast cancer antigen 5T4 interacts with Rab11, and is a target and regulator of Rab11 mediated trafficking. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Gao S, Du J, Tian Z, Niu Q, Zheng F, Huang D, Kang B, Luo J, Liu G, Yin H. Complete genome sequence of a bovine ephemeral fever virus JT02L strain in mainland China. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3555-3558. [PMID: 28808793 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) JT02L, which has been used in our laboratory, in mainland China, for more than a decade. The genome is 14941 nucleotide (nt), comprising a leader sequence of 50 nt, nucleoprotein (N) gene of 1328 nt, phosphoprotein (P) gene of 858 nt, matrix protein (M) gene of 691 nt, glycoprotein (G) gene of 1897 nt, non-structural glycoprotein (GNS) gene of 1785 nt, α1α2 gene of 638 nt, β gene of 460 nt, γ gene of 400 nt, large multi-functional enzyme (L) gene of 6470 nt and a trailer sequence of 73 nt. Individual genes are separated by intergenic regions (IGRs) of 26, 44, 47, 51, 37, 39, 68 and -21 nt respectively. The overall organization is similar to an Australian BEFV isolate BB7721 but demonstrates some distinctive features including longer α3 and β open reading frames, intact termination/polyadenylation (TTP) sequence downstream of the β open reading frame and a longer β-γ IGR integrated with a 38 nt AT-rich fragment. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the complete genome of a BEFV strain of East Asian lineage, which may facilitate studies on genomic diversity among geographic strains of BEFV in China and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Gubala A, Walsh S, McAllister J, Weir R, Davis S, Melville L, Mitchell I, Bulach D, Gauci P, Skvortsov A, Boyle D. Identification of very small open reading frames in the genomes of Holmes Jungle virus, Ord River virus, and Wongabel virus of the genus Hapavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Evol Bioinform Online 2017; 13:1176934317713484. [PMID: 28747815 PMCID: PMC5510769 DOI: 10.1177/1176934317713484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses of the family Rhabdoviridae infect a broad range of hosts from a variety of ecological and geographical niches, including vertebrates, arthropods, and plants. The arthropod-transmitted members of this family display considerable genetic diversity and remarkable genomic flexibility that enable coding for various accessory proteins in different locations of the genome. Here, we describe the genome of Holmes Jungle virus, isolated from Culex annulirostris mosquitoes collected in northern Australia, and make detailed comparisons with the closely related Ord River and Wongabel viruses, with a focus on identifying very small open reading frames (smORFs) in their genomes. This is the first systematic prediction of smORFs in rhabdoviruses, emphasising the intricacy of the rhabdovirus genome and the knowledge gaps. We speculate that these smORFs may be of importance to the life cycle of the virus in the arthropod vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gubala
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, NT, Australia
| | - Jane McAllister
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, NT, Australia
| | - Steven Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, NT, Australia
| | - Lorna Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, NT, Australia
| | - Ian Mitchell
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia
| | - Dieter Bulach
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Penny Gauci
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Skvortsov
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia
| | - David Boyle
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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14
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Hashimoto Y, Macri D, Srivastava I, McPherson C, Felberbaum R, Post P, Cox M. Complete study demonstrating the absence of rhabdovirus in a distinct Sf9 cell line. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175633. [PMID: 28423032 PMCID: PMC5397025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A putative novel rhabdovirus (SfRV) was previously identified in a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9 cells [ATCC CRL-1711 lot 58078522]) by next generation sequencing and extensive bioinformatic analysis. We performed an extensive analysis of our Sf9 cell bank (ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5814 [Sf9L5814]) to determine whether this virus was already present in cells obtained from ATCC in 1987. Inverse PCR of DNA isolated from Sf9 L5814 cellular DNA revealed integration of SfRV sequences in the cellular genome. RT-PCR of total RNA showed a deletion of 320 nucleotides in the SfRV RNA that includes the transcriptional motifs for genes X and L. Concentrated cell culture supernatant was analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and revealed a single band at a density of 1.14 g/ml. This fraction was further analysed by electron microscopy and showed amorphous and particulate debris that did not resemble a rhabdovirus in morphology or size. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that the protein composition did not contain the typical five rhabdovirus structural proteins and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed primarily of exosomal marker proteins, the SfRV N protein, and truncated forms of SfRV N, P, and G proteins. The SfRV L gene fragment RNA sequence was recovered from the supernatant after ultracentrifugation of the 1.14 g/ml fraction treated with diethyl ether suggesting that the SfRV L gene fragment sequence is not associated with a diethyl ether resistant nucleocapsid. Interestingly, the 1.14 g/ml fraction was able to transfer baculovirus DNA into Sf9L5814 cells, consistent with the presence of functional exosomes. Our results demonstrate the absence of viral particles in ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5814 Sf9 cells in contrast to a previous study that suggested the presence of infectious rhabdoviral particles in Sf9 cells from a different lot. This study highlights how cell lines with different lineages may present different virosomes and therefore no general conclusions can be drawn across Sf9 cells from different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashimoto
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
| | - Daniel Macri
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
| | - Indresh Srivastava
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
| | - Clifton McPherson
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
| | - Rachael Felberbaum
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
| | - Penny Post
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
| | - Manon Cox
- Protein Sciences Corporation, Meriden, Connecticut, Unites States of America
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15
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Erster O, Stram R, Menasherow S, Rubistein-Giuni M, Sharir B, Kchinich E, Stram Y. High-resolution melting (HRM) for genotyping bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Virus Res 2017; 229:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Ankyrin Repeat Proteins of Orf Virus Influence the Cellular Hypoxia Response Pathway. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01430-16. [PMID: 27795413 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01430-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional activator with a central role in regulating cellular responses to hypoxia. It is also emerging as a major target for viral manipulation of the cellular environment. Under normoxic conditions, HIF is tightly suppressed by the activity of oxygen-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases. The asparaginyl hydroxylase active against HIF, factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), has also been shown to hydroxylate some ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins. Using bioinformatic analysis, we identified the five ANK proteins of the parapoxvirus orf virus (ORFV) as potential substrates of FIH. Consistent with this prediction, coimmunoprecipitation of FIH was detected with each of the ORFV ANK proteins, and for one representative ORFV ANK protein, the interaction was shown to be dependent on the ANK domain. Immunofluorescence studies revealed colocalization of FIH and the viral ANK proteins. In addition, mass spectrometry confirmed that three of the five ORFV ANK proteins are efficiently hydroxylated by FIH in vitro While FIH levels were unaffected by ORFV infection, transient expression of each of the ORFV ANK proteins resulted in derepression of HIF-1α activity in reporter gene assays. Furthermore, ORFV-infected cells showed upregulated HIF target gene expression. Our data suggest that sequestration of FIH by ORFV ANK proteins leads to derepression of HIF activity. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of viral activation of HIF that may extend to other members of the poxvirus family. IMPORTANCE The protein-protein binding motif formed from multiple repeats of the ankyrin motif is common among chordopoxviruses. However, information on the roles of these poxviral ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins remains limited. Our data indicate that the parapoxvirus orf virus (ORFV) is able to upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) target gene expression. This response is mediated by the viral ANK proteins, which sequester the HIF regulator FIH (factor inhibiting HIF). This is the first demonstration of any viral protein interacting directly with FIH. Our data reveal a new mechanism by which viruses reprogram HIF, a master regulator of cellular metabolism, and also show a new role for the ANK family of poxvirus proteins.
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17
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Lum KK, Cristea IM. Proteomic approaches to uncovering virus-host protein interactions during the progression of viral infection. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:325-40. [PMID: 26817613 PMCID: PMC4919574 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1147353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of proteomic methods to virology has facilitated a significant breadth of
biological insight into mechanisms of virus replication, antiviral host responses and
viral subversion of host defenses. Throughout the course of infection, these cellular
mechanisms rely heavily on the formation of temporally and spatially regulated virus–host
protein–protein interactions. Reviewed here are proteomic-based approaches that have been
used to characterize this dynamic virus–host interplay. Specifically discussed are the
contribution of integrative mass spectrometry, antibody-based affinity purification of
protein complexes, cross-linking and protein array techniques for elucidating complex
networks of virus–host protein associations during infection with a diverse range of RNA
and DNA viruses. The benefits and limitations of applying proteomic methods to virology
are explored, and the contribution of these approaches to important biological discoveries
and to inspiring new tractable avenues for the design of antiviral therapeutics is
highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal K Lum
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ , USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ , USA
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18
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Contreras MA, Eastwood G, Guzman H, Popov V, Savit C, Uribe S, Kramer LD, Wood TG, Widen SG, Fish D, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N, Walker PJ. Almendravirus: A Proposed New Genus of Rhabdoviruses Isolated from Mosquitoes in Tropical Regions of the Americas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 96:100-109. [PMID: 27799634 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rhabdoviridae is a diverse family of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, many of which infect vertebrate hosts and are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. Others appear to be arthropod specific, circulating only within arthropod populations. Herein, we report the isolation and characterization of three novel viruses from mosquitoes collected from the Americas. Coot Bay virus was isolated from Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes collected in the Everglades National Park, Florida; Rio Chico virus was isolated from Anopheles triannulatus mosquitoes collected in Panama; and Balsa virus was isolated from two pools of Culex erraticus mosquitoes collected in Colombia. Sequence analysis indicated that the viruses share a similar genome organization to Arboretum virus and Puerto Almendras virus that had previously been isolated from mosquitoes collected in Peru. Each genome features the five canonical rhabdovirus structural protein genes as well as a gene encoding a class 1A viroporin-like protein (U1) located between the G and L genes (3'-N-P-M-G-U1-L-5'). Phylogenetic analysis of complete L protein sequences indicated that all five viruses cluster in a unique clade that is relatively deeply rooted in the ancestry of animal rhabdoviruses. The failure of all viruses in this clade to grow in newborn mice or vertebrate cells in culture suggests that they may be poorly adapted to replication in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Contreras
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Sede de Investigacion Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigacion en Sistematica Molecular (GSM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gillian Eastwood
- Griffin Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Vsevolod Popov
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chelsea Savit
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Grupo de Investigacion en Sistematica Molecular (GSM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Griffin Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Thomas G Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Durland Fish
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have evolved a myriad of ion channels, transporters, and pumps to maintain and regulate transmembrane ion gradients. As intracellular parasites, viruses also have evolved ion channel proteins, called viroporins, which disrupt normal ionic homeostasis to promote viral replication and pathogenesis. The first viral ion channel (influenza M2 protein) was confirmed only 23 years ago, and since then studies on M2 and many other viroporins have shown they serve critical functions in virus entry, replication, morphogenesis, and immune evasion. As new candidate viroporins and viroporin-mediated functions are being discovered, we review the experimental criteria for viroporin identification and characterization to facilitate consistency within this field of research. Then we review recent studies on how the few Ca(2+)-conducting viroporins exploit host signaling pathways, including store-operated Ca(2+) entry, autophagy, and inflammasome activation. These viroporin-induced aberrant Ca(2+) signals cause pathophysiological changes resulting in diarrhea, vomiting, and proinflammatory diseases, making both the viroporin and host Ca(2+) signaling pathways potential therapeutic targets for antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Hyser
- Alkek Center for Metagenomic and Microbiome Research.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3411;
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20
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Audsley MD, Jans DA, Moseley GW. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Nipah virus W protein involves multiple discrete interactions with the nuclear import and export machinery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:429-433. [PMID: 27622322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses replicate in the cytoplasm with no obvious requirement to interact with the nucleus. Nevertheless, the W protein of the highly lethal bat-borne paramyxovirus Nipah virus (NiV) is known to undergo specific targeting to the nucleus, mediated by a single nuclear localisation signal (NLS) within the C-terminal domain. Here, we report for the first time that additional sites modulate nucleocytoplasmic localisation of W. We show that the N-terminal domain interacts with importin α1 and contributes to nuclear accumulation of W, indicative of a novel N-terminal NLS. We also find that W undergoes exportin-1 mediated nuclear export, dependent on a leucine at position 174. Together, these data enable significant revision of the generally accepted model of W trafficking, with implications for understanding of the mechanisms of NiV immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Audsley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Gregory W Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIO21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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21
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Audsley MD, Jans DA, Moseley GW. Roles of nuclear trafficking in infection by cytoplasmic negative-strand RNA viruses: paramyxoviruses and beyond. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2463-2481. [PMID: 27498841 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome replication and virion production by most negative-sense RNA viruses (NSVs) occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, but many NSV-expressed proteins undergo active nucleocytoplasmic trafficking via signals that exploit cellular nuclear transport pathways. Nuclear trafficking has been reported both for NSV accessory proteins (including isoforms of the rabies virus phosphoprotein, and V, W and C proteins of paramyxoviruses) and for structural proteins. Trafficking of the former is thought to enable accessory functions in viral modulation of antiviral responses including the type I IFN system, but the intranuclear roles of structural proteins such as nucleocapsid and matrix proteins, which have critical roles in extranuclear replication and viral assembly, are less clear. Nevertheless, nuclear trafficking of matrix protein has been reported to be critical for efficient production of Nipah virus and Respiratory syncytial virus, and nuclear localization of nucleocapsid protein of several morbilliviruses has been linked to mechanisms of immune evasion. Together, these data point to the nucleus as a significant host interface for viral proteins during infection by NSVs with otherwise cytoplasmic life cycles. Importantly, several lines of evidence now suggest that nuclear trafficking of these proteins may be critical to pathogenesis and thus could provide new targets for vaccine development and antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Audsley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gregory W Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIO21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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22
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Norris EL, Headlam MJ, Dave KA, Smith DD, Bukreyev A, Singh T, Jayakody BA, Chappell KJ, Collins PL, Gorman JJ. Proteoform-Specific Insights into Cellular Proteome Regulation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3297-3320. [PMID: 27451424 PMCID: PMC5054351 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.058438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding compositions of proteomes at the proteoform level enhances insights into cellular phenotypes. A strategy is described herein for discovery of proteoform-specific information about cellular proteomes. This strategy involved analysis of data obtained by bottom-up mass spectrometry of multiple protein OGE separations on a fraction by fraction basis. The strategy was exemplified using five matched sets of lysates of uninfected and human respiratory syncytial virus-infected A549 cells. Template matching demonstrated that 67.3% of 10475 protein profiles identified focused to narrow pI windows indicative of efficacious focusing. Furthermore, correlation between experimental and theoretical pI gradients indicated reproducible focusing. Based on these observations a proteoform profiling strategy was developed to identify proteoforms, detect proteoform diversity and discover potential proteoform regulation. One component of this strategy involved examination of the focusing profiles for protein groups. A novel concordance analysis facilitated differentiation between proteoforms, including proteoforms generated by alternate splicing and proteolysis. Evaluation of focusing profiles and concordance analysis were applicable to cells from a single and/or multiple biological states. Statistical analyses identified proteoform variation between biological states. Regulation relevant to cellular responses to human respiratory syncytial virus was revealed. Western blotting and Protomap analyses validated the proteoform regulation. Discovery of STAT1, WARS, MX1, and HSPB1 proteoform regulation by human respiratory syncytial virus highlighted the impact of the profiling strategy. Novel truncated proteoforms of MX1 were identified in infected cells and phosphorylation driven regulation of HSPB1 proteoforms was correlated with infection. The proteoform profiling strategy is generally applicable to investigating interactions between viruses and host cells and the analysis of other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David D Smith
- §Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- ¶Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | | | | | - Keith J Chappell
- ‖School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter L Collins
- ¶Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre and ‖School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Walker PJ, Widen SG, Wood TG, Guzman H, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N. A Global Genomic Characterization of Nairoviruses Identifies Nine Discrete Genogroups with Distinctive Structural Characteristics and Host-Vector Associations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1107-1122. [PMID: 26903607 PMCID: PMC4856612 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nairoviruses are primarily tick-borne bunyaviruses, some of which are known to cause mild-to-severe febrile illness in humans or livestock. We describe the genome sequences of 11 poorly characterized nairoviruses that have ecological associations with either birds (Farallon, Punta Salinas, Sapphire II, Zirqa, Avalon, Clo Mor, Taggert, and Abu Hammad viruses), rodents (Qalyub and Bandia viruses), or camels (Dera Ghazi Khan virus). Global phylogenetic analyses of proteins encoded in the L, M, and S RNA segments of these and 20 other available nairovirus genomes identified nine well-supported genogroups (Nairobi sheep disease, Thiafora, Sakhalin, Keterah, Qalyub, Kasokero, Dera Ghazi Khan, Hughes, and Tamdy). Genogroup-specific structural variations were evident, particularly in the M segment encoding a polyprotein from which virion envelope glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) are generated by proteolytic processing. Structural variations include the extension, abbreviation, or absence sequences encoding an O-glycosylated mucin-like protein in the N-terminal domain, distinctive patterns of conserved cysteine residues in the GP38-like domain, insertion of sequences encoding a double-membrane-spanning protein (NSm) between the Gn and Gc domains, and the presence of an alternative long open reading frame encoding a viroporin-like transmembrane protein (Gx). We also observed strong genogroup-specific associations with categories of hosts and tick vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Walker
- *Address correspondence to Peter J. Walker, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia. E-mail:
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24
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León-Juárez M, Martínez-Castillo M, Shrivastava G, García-Cordero J, Villegas-Sepulveda N, Mondragón-Castelán M, Mondragón-Flores R, Cedillo-Barrón L. Recombinant Dengue virus protein NS2B alters membrane permeability in different membrane models. Virol J 2016; 13:1. [PMID: 26728778 PMCID: PMC4700614 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main phenomena occurring in cellular membranes during virus infection is a change in membrane permeability. It has been observed that numerous viral proteins can oligomerize and form structures known as viroporins that alter the permeability of membranes. Previous findings have identified such proteins in cells infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the same family that Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to (Flaviviridae). In the present work, we investigated whether the small hydrophobic DENV protein NS2B serves a viroporin function. Methods We cloned the DENV NS2B sequence and expressed it in a bacterial expression system. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of DENV NS2B on membranes when NS2B was overexpressed, measured bacterial growth restriction, and evaluated changes of permeability to hygromycin. The NS2B protein was purified by affinity chromatography, and crosslinking assays were performed to determine the presence of oligomers. Hemolysis assays and transmission electron microscopy were performed to identify structures involved in permeability changes. Results The DENV-2 NS2B protein showed similitude with the JEV viroporin. The DENV-2 NS2B protein possessed the ability to change the membrane permeability in bacteria, to restrict bacterial cell growth, and to enable membrane permeability to hygromycin B. The NS2B protein formed trimers that could participate in cell lysis and generate organized structures on eukaryotes membranes. Conclusions Our data suggest that the DENV-2 NS2B viral protein is capable of oligomerizing and organizing to form pore-like structures in different lipid environments, thereby modifying the permeability of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés León-Juárez
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, Mexico. .,Present Address: Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Montes Urales #800 Col. Lomas de Virreyes, 1100, México, Mexico.
| | - Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, Mexico.
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, Mexico.
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, Mexico.
| | - Nicolás Villegas-Sepulveda
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Mondragón-Castelán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV IPN Av, IPN # 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Mondragón-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV IPN Av, IPN # 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios avanzados IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, México, Mexico.
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25
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Audsley MD, Marsh GA, Lieu KG, Tachedjian M, Joubert DA, Wang LF, Jans DA, Moseley GW. The immune evasion function of J and Beilong virus V proteins is distinct from that of other paramyxoviruses, consistent with their inclusion in the proposed genus Jeilongvirus. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:581-592. [PMID: 26703878 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-antagonist function is a major determinant of pathogenicity and cross-species infection by viruses, but remains poorly defined for many potentially zoonotic viruses resident in animal species. The paramyxovirus family contains several zoonotic viruses, including highly pathogenic viruses such as Nipah virus and Hendra virus, and an increasing number of largely uncharacterized animal viruses. Here, we report the characterization of IFN antagonism by the rodent viruses J virus (JPV) and Beilong virus (BeiPV) of the proposed genus Jeilongvirus of the paramyxoviruses. Infection of cells by JPV and BeiPV was found to inhibit IFN-activated nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). However, in contrast to most other paramyxoviruses, the JPV and BeiPV V proteins did not interact with or inhibit signalling by STAT1 or STAT2, suggesting that JPV/BeiPV use an atypical V protein-independent strategy to target STATs, consistent with their inclusion in a separate genus. Nevertheless, the V proteins of both viruses interacted with melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and robustly inhibited MDA5-dependent activation of the IFN-β promoter. This supports a growing body of evidence that MDA5 is a universal target of paramyxovirus V proteins, such that the V-MDA5 interaction represents a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Audsley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Glenn A Marsh
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Kim G Lieu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIO21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mary Tachedjian
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - D Albert Joubert
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 169857Singapore
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gregory W Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIO21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Walker PJ, Klement E. Epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever. Vet Res 2015; 46:124. [PMID: 26511615 PMCID: PMC4624662 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever (or 3-day sickness) is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. Although mortality rates are typically low, infection prevalence and morbidity rates during outbreaks are often very high, causing serious economic impacts through loss of milk production, poor cattle condition at sale and loss of traction power at harvest. There are also significant impacts on trade to regions in which the disease does not occur, including the Americas and most of Europe. In recent years, unusually severe outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever have been reported from several regions in Asia and the Middle East, with mortality rates through disease or culling in excess of 10–20%. There are also concerns that, like other vector-borne diseases of livestock, the geographic distribution of bovine ephemeral fever could expand into regions that have historically been free of the disease. Here, we review current knowledge of the virus, including its molecular and antigenic structure, and the epidemiology of the disease across its entire geographic range. We also discuss the effectiveness of vaccination and other strategies to prevent or control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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27
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Mass spectrometry identification of age-associated proteins from the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles stephensi. Data Brief 2015; 4:461-7. [PMID: 26306320 PMCID: PMC4534588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated proteomic changes occurring in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi during adult mosquito aging. These changes were evaluated using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and the identities of aging related proteins were determined using capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography (capHPLC) coupled with a linear ion-trap (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL hybrid mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we have described the techniques used to determine age associated proteomic changes occurring in heads and thoraces across three age groups; 1, 9 and 17 d old A. gambiae and 4 age groups; 1, 9, 17 and 34 d old A. stephensi. We have provided normalised spot volume raw data for all protein spots that were visible on 2D-DIGE images for both species and processed Orbitrap mass spectrometry data. For public access, mass spectrometry raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002153. A detailed description of this study has been described elsewhere [1].
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28
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Sikulu MT, Monkman J, Dave KA, Hastie ML, Dale PE, Kitching RL, Killeen GF, Kay BH, Gorman JJ, Hugo LE. Proteomic changes occurring in the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi during aging. J Proteomics 2015; 126:234-44. [PMID: 26100052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The age of mosquitoes is a crucial determinant of their ability to transmit pathogens and their resistance to insecticides. We investigated changes to the abundance of proteins found in heads and thoraces of the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi as they aged. Protein expression changes were assessed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and the identity of differentially expressed proteins was determined by using either matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry or capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a linear ion-trap (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL hybrid mass spectrometer. Protein biomarkers were validated by semi quantitative Western blot analysis. Nineteen and nine age dependent protein spots were identified for A. stephensi and A. gambiae, respectively. Among the proteins down-regulated with age were homologs of ADF/Cofilin, cytochome c1, heat shock protein-70 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5a). Proteins up-regulated with age included probable methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel and fructose bisphosphate aldolase. Semi quantitative Western blot analysis confirmed expression patterns observed by 2-D DIGE for eIF5a and ADF/Cofilin. Further work is recommended to determine whether these biomarkers are robust to infection, blood feeding and insecticide resistance. Robust biomarkers could then be incorporated into rapid diagnostic assays for ecological and epidemiological studies. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we have identified several proteins with characteristic changes in abundance in both A. gambiae and A. stephensi during their aging process. These changes may highlight underlying mechanisms beneath the relationship between mosquito age and factors affecting Plasmodium transmission and mosquito control. The similarity of changes in protein abundance between these species and the primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti, has revealed conserved patterns of aging-specific protein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggy T Sikulu
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - James Monkman
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Keyur A Dave
- The Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Marcus L Hastie
- The Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Patricia E Dale
- Environmental Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Roger L Kitching
- Environmental Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gerry F Killeen
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, United Republic of Tanzania; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Brian H Kay
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jeffery J Gorman
- The Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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29
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Walker PJ, Firth C, Widen SG, Blasdell KR, Guzman H, Wood TG, Paradkar PN, Holmes EC, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N. Evolution of genome size and complexity in the rhabdoviridae. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004664. [PMID: 25679389 PMCID: PMC4334499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses exhibit substantial structural, ecological and genomic diversity. However, genome size in RNA viruses is likely limited by a high mutation rate, resulting in the evolution of various mechanisms to increase complexity while minimising genome expansion. Here we conduct a large-scale analysis of the genome sequences of 99 animal rhabdoviruses, including 45 genomes which we determined de novo, to identify patterns of genome expansion and the evolution of genome complexity. All but seven of the rhabdoviruses clustered into 17 well-supported monophyletic groups, of which eight corresponded to established genera, seven were assigned as new genera, and two were taxonomically ambiguous. We show that the acquisition and loss of new genes appears to have been a central theme of rhabdovirus evolution, and has been associated with the appearance of alternative, overlapping and consecutive ORFs within the major structural protein genes, and the insertion and loss of additional ORFs in each gene junction in a clade-specific manner. Changes in the lengths of gene junctions accounted for as much as 48.5% of the variation in genome size from the smallest to the largest genome, and the frequency with which new ORFs were observed increased in the 3' to 5' direction along the genome. We also identify several new families of accessory genes encoded in these regions, and show that non-canonical expression strategies involving TURBS-like termination-reinitiation, ribosomal frame-shifts and leaky ribosomal scanning appear to be common. We conclude that rhabdoviruses have an unusual capacity for genomic plasticity that may be linked to their discontinuous transcription strategy from the negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome, and propose a model that accounts for the regular occurrence of genome expansion and contraction throughout the evolution of the Rhabdoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Walker
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Cadhla Firth
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Prasad N. Paradkar
- CSIRO Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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30
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Cheng CY, Huang WR, Chi PI, Chiu HC, Liu HJ. Cell entry of bovine ephemeral fever virus requires activation of Src-JNK-AP1 and PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways as well as Cox-2-mediated PGE2/EP receptor signalling to enhance clathrin-mediated virus endocytosis. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:967-87. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Pei-I Chi
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
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Abstract
Virus encoded ion channels, termed viroporins, are expressed by a diverse set of viruses and have been found to target nearly every host cell membrane and compartment, including endocytic/exocytic vesicles, ER, mitochondria, Golgi, and the plasma membrane. Viroporins are generally very small (<100 amino acids) integral membrane proteins that share common structure motifs (conserved cluster of basic residues adjacent to an amphipathic alpha-helix) but only limited sequence homology between viruses. Ion channel activity of viroporins is either required for replication or greatly enhances replication and pathogenesis. Channel characteristics have been investigated using standard electrophysiological techniques, including planar lipid bilayer, liposome patch clamp or whole-cell voltage clamp. In general, viroporins are voltage-independent non-specific monovalent cation channels, with the exception of the influenza A virus M2 channel that forms a highly specific proton channel due to a conserved HXXXW motif. Viroporin channel currents range between highly variable (‘burst-like’) fluctuations to well resolved unitary (‘square-top’) transitions, and emerging data indicates the quality of channel activity is influenced by many factors, including viroporin synthesis/solubilization, the lipid environment and the ionic composition of the buffers, as well as intrinsic differences between the viroporins themselves. Compounds that block viroporin channel activity are effective antiviral drugs both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly distinct viroporins are inhibited by the same compounds (e.g., amantadines and amiloride derivatives), despite wide sequence divergence, raising the possibility of broadly acting antiviral drugs that target viroporins. Electrophysiology of viroporins will continue to play a critical role in elucidating the functional roles viroporins play in pathogenesis and to develop new drugs to combat viroporin-encoding pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H. Delcour
- Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas USA
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Wongabel rhabdovirus accessory protein U3 targets the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. J Virol 2014; 89:1377-88. [PMID: 25392228 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02010-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Wongabel virus (WONV) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that infects birds. It is one of the growing array of rhabdoviruses with complex genomes that encode multiple accessory proteins of unknown function. In addition to the five canonical rhabdovirus structural protein genes (N, P, M, G, and L), the 13.2-kb negative-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) WONV genome contains five uncharacterized accessory genes, one overlapping the N gene (Nx or U4), three located between the P and M genes (U1 to U3), and a fifth one overlapping the G gene (Gx or U5). Here we show that WONV U3 is expressed during infection in insect and mammalian cells and is required for efficient viral replication. A yeast two-hybrid screen against a mosquito cell cDNA library identified that WONV U3 interacts with the 83-amino-acid (aa) C-terminal domain of SNF5, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The interaction was confirmed by affinity chromatography, and nuclear colocalization was established by confocal microscopy. Gene expression studies showed that SNF5 transcripts are upregulated during infection of mosquito cells with WONV, as well as West Nile virus (Flaviviridae) and bovine ephemeral fever virus (Rhabdoviridae), and that SNF5 knockdown results in increased WONV replication. WONV U3 also inhibits SNF5-regulated expression of the cytokine gene CSF1. The data suggest that WONV U3 targets the SWI/SNF complex to block the host response to infection. IMPORTANCE The rhabdoviruses comprise a large family of RNA viruses infecting plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates. In addition to the major structural proteins (N, P, M, G, and L), many rhabdoviruses encode a diverse array of accessory proteins of largely unknown function. Understanding the role of these proteins may reveal much about host-pathogen interactions in infected cells. Here we examine accessory protein U3 of Wongabel virus, an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that infects birds. We show that U3 enters the nucleus and interacts with SNF5, a component of the chromatin remodeling complex that is upregulated in response to infection and restricts viral replication. We also show that U3 inhibits SNF5-regulated expression of the cytokine colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), suggesting that it targets the chromatin remodeling complex to block the host response to infection. This study appears to provide the first evidence of a virus targeting SNF5 to inhibit host gene expression.
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Koolpinyah and Yata viruses: two newly recognised ephemeroviruses from tropical regions of Australia and Africa. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:547-553. [PMID: 25457369 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Koolpinyah virus (KOOLV) isolated from healthy Australian cattle and Yata virus (YATV) isolated from a pool of Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes in the Central African Republic have been tentatively identified as rhabdoviruses. KOOLV was shown previously to be related antigenically to kotonkon virus, an ephemerovirus that has caused an ephemeral fever-like illness in cattle in Nigeria, but YATV failed to react antigenically with any other virus tested. Here we report the complete genome sequences of KOOLV (16,133 nt) and YATV (14,479 nt). Each has a complex genome organisation, with multiple genes, including a second non-structural glycoprotein (GNS) gene and a viroporin (α1) gene, between the G and L genes as is characteristic of ephemeroviruses. Based on an analysis of genome organisation, sequence identity and cross-neutralisation, we demonstrate that both KOOLV and YATV should be classified as two new species in the genus Ephemerovirus.
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Vasilakis N, Castro-Llanos F, Widen SG, Aguilar PV, Guzman H, Guevara C, Fernandez R, Auguste AJ, Wood TG, Popov V, Mundal K, Ghedin E, Kochel TJ, Holmes EC, Walker PJ, Tesh RB. Arboretum and Puerto Almendras viruses: two novel rhabdoviruses isolated from mosquitoes in Peru. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:787-792. [PMID: 24421116 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.058685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboretum virus (ABTV) and Puerto Almendras virus (PTAMV) are two mosquito-associated rhabdoviruses isolated from pools of Psorophora albigenu and Ochlerotattus fulvus mosquitoes, respectively, collected in the Department of Loreto, Peru, in 2009. Initial tests suggested that both viruses were novel rhabdoviruses and this was confirmed by complete genome sequencing. Analysis of their 11 482 nt (ABTV) and 11 876 (PTAMV) genomes indicates that they encode the five canonical rhabdovirus structural proteins (N, P, M, G and L) with an additional gene (U1) encoding a small hydrophobic protein. Evolutionary analysis of the L protein indicates that ABTV and PTAMV are novel and phylogenetically distinct rhabdoviruses that cannot be classified as members of any of the eight currently recognized genera within the family Rhabdoviridae, highlighting the vast diversity of this virus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Albert J Auguste
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vsevolod Popov
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kirk Mundal
- US Naval Medical Research Unit no. 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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35
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Karttunen S, Duffield M, Scrimgeour NR, Squires L, Lim WL, Dallas ML, Scragg JL, Chicher J, Dave KA, Whitelaw ML, Peers C, Gorman JJ, Gleadle JM, Rychkov GY, Peet DJ. Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation by Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) regulates the TRPV3 ion channel. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:225-31. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.158451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) is an oxygen-dependent asparaginyl hydroxylase that regulates the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Several proteins containing ankyrin repeat domains have been characterised as substrates of FIH, although there is little evidence for a functional consequence of hydroxylation on these substrates. This study demonstrates that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel is hydroxylated by FIH on asparagine 242 within the cytoplasmic ankyrin repeat domain. Hypoxia, FIH inhibitors and mutation of asparagine 242 all potentiated TRPV3-mediated current, without altering TRPV3 protein levels, indicating that oxygen-dependent hydroxylation inhibits TRPV3 activity. This novel mechanism of channel regulation by oxygen-dependent asparaginyl hydroxylation is likely to extend to other ion channels.
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