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Li Y, Luo J, Shang J, Zhang F, Deng C, Feng Y, Meng G, Jiang W, Yu X, Liu H. Epidemiological investigation and pathogenicity analysis of waterfowl astroviruses in some areas of China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1375826. [PMID: 38529177 PMCID: PMC10961457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1375826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterfowl astroviruses are mainly duck astroviruses and goose astroviruses, of which duck astroviruses (DAstV-3, -4), goose astroviruses (GoAstV-1, -2) are the four new waterfowl 21 astroviruses in recent years, which can lead to enteritis, viral hepatitis, gout and reduce the growth performance of waterfowl, affecting the healthy development of the waterfowl farming industry. Since no targeted drugs or vaccines on the market, studies on the epidemiology of the virus are necessary for vaccine development. In this study, we collected 1546 waterfowl samples from 13 provinces in China for epidemiological investigation. The results showed that 260 samples (16.8%) were positive. Four species of astrovirus were detected in 13 provinces except Fujian province. Among the four sites tested, the highest positive rates were found in farms and slaughterhouses. Cross-host and mixed infection were observed in four species of waterfowl astroviruses. The whole genome of 17 isolates was sequenced and compared with published sequences. Genetic evolution and homology analysis showed that the isolated strains had high similarity to their reference sequences. To assess the pathogenicity of GoAstV, 7-day-old goslings were inoculated with GoAstV-1 and GoAstV-2 by the intramuscular route, and infected geese showed similar clinical signs, such as anorexia, depression, and weight loss. Organ damage was seen after infection, with histopathological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine, and higher viral loads in throat and anal swabs. These findings increase our understanding of the pathogenicity of GoAstV-1 and GoAstV-2 in goslings and provide more references for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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Huang X, Hou J, Le X, Hou Y, Yang L, Li Q, Wang B, Xia X. Diversity of astroviruses in wild animals in Yunnan province, China. Virol J 2024; 21:51. [PMID: 38414022 PMCID: PMC10900740 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astroviruses (AstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses that have been detected in a wide range of mammals and birds. They are associated with numerous interspecies transmissions and viral recombination events, posing a threat to human and animal health. METHODS We collected 1,333 samples from wild animals, including bats, rodents, wild boars, and birds, from various states and cities in the Yunnan Province, China, between 2020 and 2023 to investigate the presence of AstVs. AstVs were detected using a polymerase chain reaction targeting the RdRp gene. Finally, the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. RESULTS The overall positivity rate for AstVs was 7.12% in four species, indicating their widespread occurrence in the region. High genetic diversity among AstVs was observed in different animal species, suggesting the potential for interspecies transmission, particularly among rodents and birds. Additionally, we identified a novel AstV strain and, for the first time, provided information on the presence of bastroviruses in Yunnan, China. CONCLUSIONS The widespread distribution and high genetic diversity of AstVs, along with the observed potential for interspecies transmission, highlight the importance of further investigation and surveillance in the region. The findings emphasize the need for increased attention to AstVs and their potential impact on human and animal health in Yunnan and other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Le
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Lingsi Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.
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Li J, Yang L, Wang K, Gao Z, Li P, Lin Y, Jia L, Wang Q, Song H, Li P. Characterisation of human astrovirus in a diarrhoea outbreak using nanopore and Sanger sequencing protocols. Virol J 2023; 20:263. [PMID: 37964283 PMCID: PMC10647158 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human astroviruses (HAstV) are etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis that most often afflict young children and elderly adults. Most studies of HAstV have focused on epidemiology. In this study, we collected 10 stool samples from a diarrhea outbreak from a diarrhea sentinel surveillance hospital in Beijing. Samples were evaluated immediately using parallel multiplex RT-qPCR and nanopore sequencing, and were then amplified by designed primers and Sanger sequencing to obtain whole genome sequences. Six isolates were categorized as HAstV-5 and subjected to whole genome analysis to characterize their genetic variation and evolution. Full genome analysis revealed low genetic variation (99.38-100% identity) among isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates were closely related to domestic strains Yu/1-CHN and 2013/Fuzhou/85. The recombination breakpoint of the six isolates was located at 2741 bp in the overlap region of ORF1a and ORF1b, similar to those of Yu/1-CHN and 2013/Fuzhou/85. Overall, our study highlights the combined use of RT-qPCR and sequencing as an important tool in rapid diagnosis and acquisition of whole genome sequences of HAstV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Peihan Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Lin
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Leili Jia
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Wei H, Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Yodmeeklin A, Jampanil N, Phengma P, Xie Z, Ukarapol N, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Triple Intergenotype Recombination of Human Astrovirus 5, Human Astrovirus 8, and Human Astrovirus 1 in the Open Reading Frame 1a, Open Reading Frame 1b, and Open Reading Frame 2 Regions of the Human Astrovirus Genome. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0488822. [PMID: 37017548 PMCID: PMC10269785 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04888-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human astrovirus (HAstV) strains exhibit high levels of genetic diversity, and many recombinant strains with different recombination patterns have been reported. The aims of the present study were to investigate the emergence of HAstV recombinant strains and to characterize the recombination patterns of the strains detected in pediatric patients admitted to the hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A total of 92 archival HAstV strains detected in 2011 to 2020 were characterized regarding their open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) genotypes in comparison with their ORF1b genotypes to identify recombinant strains. The recombination breakpoints of the putative recombinant strains were determined by whole-genome sequencing and were analyzed by SimPlot and RDP software. Three HAstV strains (CMH-N178-12, CMH-S059-15, and CMH-S062-15) were found to be recombinant strains of three different HAstV genotypes, i.e., HAstV5, HAstV8, and HAstV1 within the ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2 regions, respectively. The CMH-N178-12 strain displayed recombination breakpoints at nucleotide positions 2681 and 4357 of ORF1a and ORF1b, respectively, whereas the other two recombinant strains, CMH-S059-15 and CMH-S062-15, displayed recombination breakpoints at nucleotide positions 2612 and 4357 of ORF1a and ORF1b, respectively. This is the first study to reveal nearly full-length genome sequences of HAstV recombinant strains with a novel recombination pattern of ORF1a-ORF1b-ORF2 genotypes. This finding may be useful as a guideline for identifying other recombinant HAstV strains in other geographical regions and may provide a better understanding of their genetic diversity, as well as basic knowledge regarding virus evolution. IMPORTANCE Recombination is one of the mechanisms that plays a crucial role in the genetic diversity and evolution of HAstV. We wished to investigate the emergence of HAstV recombinant strains and to analyze the whole-genome sequences of the putative HAstV recombinant strains detected in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in 2011 to 2020. We reported 3 novel intergenotype recombinant strains of HAstV5-HAstV8-HAstV1 at the ORF1a-ORF1b-ORF2 regions of the HAstV genome. The hot spots of recombination occur frequently near the ORF1a-ORF1b and ORF1b-ORF2 junctions of the HAstV genome. The findings indicate that intergenotype recombination of HAstV occurs frequently in nature. The emergence of a novel recombinant strain allows the new virus to adapt and successfully escape from the host immune system, eventually emerging as the predominant genotype to infect human populations that lack herd immunity against novel recombinant strains. The virus may cause an outbreak and needs to be monitored continually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arpaporn Yodmeeklin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutthawadee Jampanil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phitchakorn Phengma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Zhenfeng Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Nuthapong Ukarapol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Kariithi HM, Volkening JD, Chiwanga GH, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Msoffe PLM, Suarez DL. Genome Sequences and Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus from Tanzanian Live Bird Markets. Viruses 2023; 15:1247. [PMID: 37376547 DOI: 10.3390/v15061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are the type species of the genus Avastrovirus (AAstV; Astroviridae family), capable of causing considerable production losses in poultry. Using next-generation sequencing of a cloacal swab from a backyard chicken in Tanzania, we assembled genome sequences of ANV and CAstV (6918 nt and 7318 nt in length, respectively, excluding poly(A) tails, which have a typical AAstV genome architecture (5'-UTR-ORF1a-ORF1b-ORF2-'3-UTR). They are most similar to strains ck/ANV/BR/RS/6R/15 (82.72%) and ck/CAstV/PL/G059/14 (82.23%), respectively. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the genomes and the three open reading frames (ORFs) grouped the Tanzanian ANV and CAstV strains with Eurasian ANV-5 and CAstV-Aii viruses, respectively. Compared to other AAstVs, the Tanzanian strains have numerous amino acid variations (substitutions, insertions and deletions) in the spike region of the capsid protein. Furthermore, CAstV-A has a 4018 nt recombinant fragment in the ORF1a/1b genomic region, predicted to be from Eurasian CAstV-Bi and Bvi parental strains. These data should inform future epidemiological studies and options for AAstV diagnostics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kaptagat Rd, Nairobi P.O. Box 57811-00200, Kenya
| | | | - Gaspar H Chiwanga
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, South Zone, Mtwara P.O. Box 186, Tanzania
| | - Mary J Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Peter L M Msoffe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro P.O. Box 3000, Tanzania
| | - David L Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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6
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Nelsen A, Knudsen D, Hause BM. Identification of a Novel Astrovirus Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/8512021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) cause gastrointestinal disease in mammals and avians. Emerging evidence suggests that some AstVs have extraintestinal tissue tropism, with AstVs detected in the liver, kidney, central nervous system, and the respiratory tract variably associated with disease. In cattle, AstV infection has been linked to gastroenteric or neurologic disease. Here, metagenomic sequencing of a lung from a bovine with respiratory disease identified a novel AstV with a predicted capsid-encoding ORF2 amino acid sequence with 66% identity to caprine astrovirus (CAstV G2.1). A quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) targeting ORF2 found four out of 49 (8%) lungs and one out of 48 (2%) enteric samples obtained from bovine diagnostic submissions positive for the novel bovine astrovirus (BAstV). In two strongly qRT-PCR-positive lung samples, intense novel BAstV nucleic acid signals were mainly localized in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and mononuclear cells using RNAscope® in situ hybridization (ISH). Genetic analysis of two novel BAstV genomes determined from qRT-PCR positive samples found high similarity for ORF1ab nucleotide sequence (92.1% and 93.9%) to BAstV strain BSRI-1, while ORF2 nucleotide sequence was most similar to CAstV G2.1 (74.6% and 77.6%). Phylogenetic analysis of the novel BAstV sequences found a close genetic relationship to the single BAstV (BSRI-1) previously identified from a bovine respiratory sample as well as bovine and caprine AstVs identified from various tissues. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of BAstV in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Nelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - David Knudsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ben M. Hause
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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7
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A Review of the Emerging Poultry Visceral Gout Disease Linked to Avian Astrovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810429. [PMID: 36142340 PMCID: PMC9499687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian astroviruses, including chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian nephritisvirus (ANV), and goose astrovirus (GoAstV), are ubiquitous enteric RNA viruses associated with enteric disorders in avian species. Recent research has found that infection of these astroviruses usually cause visceral gout in chicken, duckling and gosling. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the current article, we review recent discoveries of genetic diversity and variation of these astroviruses, as well as pathogenesis after astrovirus infection. In addition, we discuss the relation between avian astrovirus infection and visceral gout in poultry. Our aim is to review recent discoveries about the prevention and control of the consequential visceral gout diseases in poultry, along with the attempt to reveal the possible producing process of visceral gout diseases in poultry.
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Fu X, Hou Z, Liu W, Cao N, Liang Y, Li B, Jiang D, Li W, Xu D, Tian Y, Huang Y. Insight into the Epidemiology and Evolutionary History of Novel Goose Astrovirus-Associated Gout in Goslings in Southern China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061306. [PMID: 35746777 PMCID: PMC9230684 DOI: 10.3390/v14061306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel gout disease, characterized by visceral urate deposition with high-mortality, with outbreaks in goslings in China since 2016 was caused by a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) and resulted in serious economic loss. However, the epidemiology and variation of the GoAstV in goslings in southern China and its evolutionary history as well as the classification of the GoAstV are unclear. In the present study, systematic molecular epidemiology, and phylogenetic analyses of the GoAstV were conducted to address these issues. Our results showed that the GoAstV is widespread in goslings in southern China, and the genomes of six GoAstV strains were obtained. Two amino acid mutations (Y36H and E456D) were identified in capsid proteins in this study, which is the dominant antigen for the GoAstV. In addition, the GoAstV could be divided into two distinct clades, GoAstV-1 and GoAstV-2, and GoAstV-2 is responsible for gout outbreaks in goslings and could be classified into Avastrovirus 3 (AAstV-3), while GoAstV-1 belongs to Avastrovirus 1 (AAstV-1). Moreover, the emergence of GoAstV-2 in geese was estimated to have occurred in January 2010, approximately 12 years ago, while GoAstV-1 emerged earlier than GoAstV-2 and was estimated to have emerged in April 1985 based on Bayesian analysis. The mean evolutionary rate for the GoAstV was also calculated to be approximately 1.42 × 10−3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the epidemiology of the GoAstV in goslings in southern China and is helpful for understanding the origin and evolutionary history as well as the classification of the GoAstV in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Fu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhanpeng Hou
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danning Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.F.); (Z.H.); (W.L.); (N.C.); (Y.L.); (B.L.); (D.J.); (W.L.); (D.X.); (Y.T.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhang F, Li Y, Jiang W, Yu X, Zhuang Q, Wang S, Yuan L, Wang K, Sun S, Liu H. Surveillance and genetic diversity analysis of avian astrovirus in China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264308. [PMID: 35226672 PMCID: PMC8884486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian astroviruses (AAstVs) have caused major problem for poultry breeding industries in China in recent years, and the goose gout caused by goose astrovirus has produced particularly great economic losses. To better understand the prevalence and genetic diversity of AAstVs in China, 1210 poultry samples collected from eight provinces were tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect AAstV infections in different poultry populations. Then, Open reading frames 2 (ORF2) was amplified by specific primers, and the genetic evolution was analyzed. Our surveillance data demonstrate the diversity of AAstVs in China insofar as we detected 17 AAstVs, including seven chicken astroviruses (CAstVs), five avian nephritis viruses (ANVs), two goose astroviruses (GoAstVs), two duck astrovirus (DAstVs), and one new AAstV belonging to Avastrovirus Group 3. The positive rate of AAstV infection was 1.40%. Host analysis showed that CAstVs and ANVs were isolated from chickens, DAstVs and GoAstVs were isolated from ducks. Host-species-specific AAstVs infections were also identified in numerous samples collected at each stage of production. This study provides further evidence to better understand the epidemiology of AAstVs in different species of poultry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyou Zhang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (SS); (KW); (HL)
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (SS); (KW); (HL)
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (SS); (KW); (HL)
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10
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Zhang W, Wang W, Liu X, Chen Y, Ouyang K, Wei Z, Liu H, Huang W. Identification of novel B-cell epitopes on the capsid protein of type 1 porcine astrovirus, using monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:939-947. [PMID: 34464644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) is prevalent in pigs worldwide and could cause clinical symptoms such as diarrhea and encephalitis. The capsid protein (Cap) of PAstV plays a determinant role for virus immunological characteristics. In this study, the major antigenic regions of PAstV1 Cap were expressed through prokaryotic expression systems and immunized to BALB/c mice. Finally, two anti-Cap monoclonal antibodies (named mAb F4-4 and D3F10) were screened by indirect immune-fluorescence assay (IFA). A series of truncated GST-fused or artificially synthesized peptides were used to detect their reactivity with the mAbs and PAstV positive serum. Two novel B cell epitopes (120-GNNTFG-125, 485-RISDPTWFSA-494) were identified by using these two mAbs. Moreover, sequence alignment result showed that epitope 120-GNNTFG-125 was highly conserved in type 1 PAstV capsid protein. Cross-reactivity analysis further confirmed the genotype-specificity of mAb F4-4. The results of this study demonstrated to be the first description of monoclonal antibody preparation and B-cell epitope mapping on PAstV capsid protein, which may provide new information on the biological significance of PAstV capsid protein and lay a foundation for the development of PAstV immunological tests and genotype diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kang Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zuzhang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning 530024, China.
| | - Weijian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530005, China.
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11
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Yin L, Zhou Q, Mai K, Huang J, Yan Z, Wei X, Shen H, Li Q, Chen L, Zhou Q. Isolation and characterization of a novel chicken astrovirus in China. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101363. [PMID: 34352410 PMCID: PMC8350400 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is associated with kidney disease and visceral gout, runting and stunting syndrome, and white chick hatchery disease, causing economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 55.6% of 36 clinical samples from Guangdong province in China were positive for CAstV, but negative for other common enteric viruses, including avian nephritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus Group I, Newcastle disease virus, chicken parvovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus by PCRs and RT-PCRs. A CAstV strain, named GD202013, was isolated from Guangdong province in south China, and was identified by CAstV RT-PCR. A whole genome sequence analysis demonstrated that GD202013 shares 76.0 to 88.1% identity with 24 reference strains in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis, based on whole genome and capsid protein, showed that GD202013 is more closely related to 2 US strains (GA2011/US/2011 and 4175/US/2011) belonging to subgroup Bii. Recombination analysis indicated that GD202013 is a recombinant strain formed by 3 strains: a major parent strain CkP5/US/2016, and 2 minor parent strains (GA2011/US/2011 and G059/PL/2014). In addition, the chicken embryo infection experiment demonstrated that GD202013 causes hatchability reduction, growth depression, and death of embryos. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the liver, kidney and small intestine were observed in the dead-in-shell embryos. This is the first report of the novel CAstV infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Kaijie Mai
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Li Chen
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, China.
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12
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Roach SN, Langlois RA. Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061127. [PMID: 34208242 PMCID: PMC8230745 DOI: 10.3390/v13061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and avian species. In humans, astrovirus infections are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children. Infection has also been linked to serious neurological complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. More extensive disease has also been characterized in non-human mammalian and avian species. To date, astroviruses have been detected in over 80 different avian and mammalian hosts. As the number of hosts continues to rise, the need to understand how astroviruses transmit within a given species as well as to new host species becomes increasingly important. Here, we review the current understanding of astrovirus transmission, the factors that influence viral spread, and the potential for cross-species transmission. Additionally, we highlight the current gaps in knowledge and areas of future research that will be key to understanding astrovirus transmission and zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanley N. Roach
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) Molecular Studies Reveal Evidence of Multiple Past Recombination Events in Sequences Originated from Clinical Samples of White Chick Syndrome (WCS) in Western Canada. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101096. [PMID: 32998356 PMCID: PMC7600043 DOI: 10.3390/v12101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to molecularly characterize 14 whole genome sequences of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) isolated from samples obtained from white chick syndrome (WCS) outbreaks in Western Canada during the period of 2014–2019. Genome sequence comparisons showed all these sequences correspond to the novel Biv group from which no confirmed representatives were published in GenBank. Molecular recombination analyses using recombination detection software (i.e., RDP5 and SimPlot) and phylogenetic analyses suggest multiple past recombination events in open reading frame (ORF)1a, ORF1b, and ORF2. Our findings suggest that recombination events and the accumulation of point mutations may have contributed to the substantial genetic variation observed in CAstV and evidenced by the current seven antigenic sub-clusters hitherto described. This is the first paper that describes recombination events in CAstV following analysis of complete CAstV sequences originated in Canada.
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14
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Arowolo KO, Ayolabi CI, Adeleye IA, Lapinski B, Santos JS, Raboni SM. Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus in children with gastroenteritis in southwestern Nigeria. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2461-2469. [PMID: 32770482 PMCID: PMC7414288 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is recognized as one of the major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Data on the genetic diversity of HAstV in Nigeria are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of classical HAstV in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Ogun State, Nigeria. Fecal samples (331) as well as socio-demographic and clinical data were collected across the three senatorial districts of the state from February 2015 to April 2017. One hundred seventy-five samples were randomly selected and analyzed for the presence of HAstV using RT-PCR. PCR amplicons from positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was done to determine genotypes and lineages. The overall prevalence rate was 19.4% (34), with the highest occurrence observed in 2015 (41.4%). Viral coinfections were detected in 13 cases (38.2%). HAstV infection occurred throughout the year and in all age groups, mainly in the age group of 0-12 months. There was significant association between prevalence rate and collection year; however, no association was observed with gender, age, symptoms or risk factors. HAstV-5 was the predominant genotype (76.5%) circulating throughout the study period, followed by HAstV-1 (23.5%), which circulated only in the first 2 years of the study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HAstV-5 strains detected belonged to the 5a lineage, while HAstV-1 strains were grouped into lineage 1b. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first comprehensive report on molecular characterization of classical HAstV among children with gastroenteritis in the country, and this will serve as baseline information for implementing appropriate infection control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Arowolo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C I Ayolabi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I A Adeleye
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Lapinski
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J S Santos
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Raboni
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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15
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An D, Zhang J, Yang J, Tang Y, Diao Y. Novel goose-origin astrovirus infection in geese: the effect of age at infection. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4323-4333. [PMID: 32867976 PMCID: PMC7598121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2017, a serious infectious disease characterized by visceral gout has emerged in China's main goose-producing regions. The disease has caused huge economic losses to China's goose industry. In our previous study, we determined that the pathogen causing gout in goslings is a novel goose-origin astrovirus, designated as AStV/SDPY/Goose/1116/17 (AStV-SDPY) strain. To investigate the effect of host age on the outcome of novel goose-origin astrovirus infection, 200 1-day-old healthy goslings were selected to be experimentally infected at 1, 5, 15, 25, and 35 D of age. It was shown in experimental infection that the AStV-SDPY strain was highly pathogenic in goslings aged 1 to 15 D, causing growth repression, severe visceral urate deposition, and even death, whereas goslings infected at 25 and 35 D of age showed mild symptoms. Histopathologic examination indicated that lesions occurred mainly in the kidney and liver of infected goslings, which is correlated to the severity of clinical signs and gross lesions. Viral RNA was detected in all representative tissues, and virus shedding was detected continuously within 15 D after inoculation. Higher viral copy number, especially in vital organs such as the liver and kidney, was developed in the goslings infected at 1 to 15 D of age than older geese. In addition, clinical chemistry and inflammatory cytokines showed that younger geese are more sensitive to AStV infection. Overall, our study demonstrates that the pathogenicity of AStV-SDPY in goslings is partly associated with the age of infection, laying a foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da An
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Bai C, Zhang D, Yang K, Yu Z, Jiang S, Ge K, Li Y. Genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of a novel goose astrovirus in Anhui Province, Central-Eastern China. Gene 2020; 756:144898. [PMID: 32569721 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Goose astrovirus (GAstV) causes a novel disease characterized by urate deposition in the viscera and joints in goslings in many provinces of China, leading to huge economic losses in the goose industry. To better understand the genetic diversity of GAstV in the Anhui Province, Central-Eastern China, 48 kidney samples from goslings with gout were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for detecting GAstV, and phylogenetic analysis of whole genomes and ORFs was performed. Thirty-five samples were GAstV-positive, indicating that the virus is a frequent cause of gout. The whole genomes of 5 GAstV strains were successfully sequenced and named AHAU1-5. The sequenced genomes and those of reference GAstV strains in GenBank displayed 97.4-99.8% similarity. The isolates had high nucleotide sequence similarity with the GAstV reference strain SDPY. A phylogenetic analysis showed that AHAU1 and AHAU4 were closely related to the reference strain SDPY; AHAU2, AHAU3, and AHAU5 formed separate branches. Furthermore, recombination analysis revealed putative recombination sites in the Jiangsu strains that originated from strains in the Anhui and Shandong Provinces, accompanied by the recombination of different strains in the Anhui Province. This study is the first to carry out systematic phylogenetic analysis of GAstV isolated in the Anhui Province, Central-Eastern China. By improving our understanding of the diversity of GAstV in the Anhui Province, these results provide a basis for the prevention and control of its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Caixia Bai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Da Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Kankan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zhaorong Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Kai Ge
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China.
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17
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Lan J, Zhang R, Li P, Chen J, Xie Z, Jiang S. Identification of a Type-Specific Epitope in the ORF2 Protein of Duck Astrovirus Type 1. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121069. [PMID: 31810309 PMCID: PMC6940979 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Duck astrovirus type 1 (DAstV-1) infection constitutes a cause of viral hepatitis in ducklings and little is known about the B-cell epitope of DAstV-1. In this study, using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3D2 against ORF2 protein of DAstV-1, a highly conserved linear B-cell epitope of 454 STTESA459 in DAstV-1 ORF2 was identified. The mAb 3D2 showed no neutralizing activity to DAstV-1 and had no cross-reactivity with other DAstV serotypes. Abstract Duck astrovirus type 1 (DAstV-1) infection constitutes a cause of viral hepatitis in ducklings and little is known about the B-cell epitope of DAstV-1. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3D2 against open reading frame 2 (ORF2) protein of DAstV-1 was used to identify the possible epitope in the four serotypes of DAstV. The mAb 3D2 showed no neutralization activity to DAstV-1, and reacted with the conserved linear B-cell epitopes of 454STTESA459 in DAstV-1 ORF2 protein. Sequence analysis, dot blot assay, and cross-reactivity test indicated that the epitope peptide was highly conserved in DAstV-1 sequence and mAb 3D2 had no cross-reactivity with other DAstV serotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about identification of the specific conserved linear B-cell epitope of DAstV-1, which will facilitate the serologic diagnosis of DAstV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
| | - Junhao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- College of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (P.L.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-538-8245799
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18
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Zhou N, Zhou L, Wang B. Molecular Evolution of Classic Human Astrovirus, as Revealed by the Analysis of the Capsid Protein Gene. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080707. [PMID: 31374999 PMCID: PMC6722597 DOI: 10.3390/v11080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic human astroviruses (HAstV) are major global viral agents for gastroenteritis, but the molecular characteristics of classic HAstVs are not well understood. Here, we presented the molecular evolution of all classic HAstV serotypes by the analysis of the capsid protein sequences. Our results show that classic HAstVs can be divided into four groups with the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of 749. The overall evolutionary rate of classic HAstVs on the capsid gene was 4.509 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year, and most of the serotypes present a clock-like evolution with an amino acid accumulation of mutations over time. The mean effective population size of classic HAstVs is in a downward trend, and some positive and more than 500 negative selection sites were determined. Taken together, these results reveal that classic HAstVs evolve at the intra-serotype level with high genetic heterogeneity and are driven by strong purifying selection. Long-term surveillance of classic HAstVs are needed to enrich the genomic data for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Wohlgemuth N, Honce R, Schultz-Cherry S. Astrovirus evolution and emergence. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 69:30-37. [PMID: 30639546 PMCID: PMC7106029 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the Astroviridae family. Astroviruses infect diverse hosts and are typically associated with gastrointestinal illness; although disease can range from asymptomatic to encephalitis depending on the host and viral genotype. Astroviruses have high genetic variability due to an error prone polymerase and frequent recombination events between strains. Once thought to be species specific, recent evidence suggests astroviruses can spread between different host species, although the frequency with which this occurs and the restrictions that regulate the process are unknown. Recombination events can lead to drastic evolutionary changes and contribute to cross-species transmission events. This work reviews the current state of research on astrovirus evolution and emergence, especially as it relates to cross-species transmission and recombination of astroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, United States
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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20
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Yang J, Tian J, Tang Y, Diao Y. Isolation and genomic characterization of gosling gout caused by a novel goose astrovirus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1689-1696. [PMID: 29920970 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A severe infectious disease characterized with gout, haemorrhage and swellings of kidneys has affected goslings around the major goose-producing regions in China since November 2016. A Novel goose-origin astrovirus (AStV), designated as AStV/SDPY/Goose/1116/17 (AStV-SDPY) strain, was isolated from diseased goslings, and experimental reproduction of gout was successful using the AStV-SDPY strain. Additionally, the AStV-SDPY was conducted for its full genome sequencing characterization using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique on Illumina HiSeq platform. A complete genome of the AStV-SDPY was 7,252 nt in length and encoded three viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AStV-SDPY strain belongs to an independent branch of avian astroviruses, and the nucleotide homology among AStV-SDPY and other classic avian astrovirus strains was only 48.8%-68.2%. Results of above data indicated the causative agent of the gosling gout occurring in China is a novel divergent goose astrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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21
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Wan CH, Chen CT, Cheng LF, Liu RC, Shi SH, Fu GH, Fu QL, Chen HM, Huang Y. A novel group of avian Avastrovirus in domestic geese, China. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:798-801. [PMID: 29553061 PMCID: PMC5989025 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an ORF1b-based astrovirus-specfic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay, a novel astrovirus-like was detected from domestic geese in China. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic
analyzes suggested that a novel group of goose astrovirus, different with previously known astroviruses in the genus Avastrovirus, was found circulating in geese. This study
has expanded our understanding about the role of domestic waterfowls as reservoirs for diverse astroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-He Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Cui-Teng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Long-Fei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Rong-Chang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shao-Hua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guang-Hua Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
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22
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De Grazia S, Lanave G, Bonura F, Urone N, Cappa V, Li Muli S, Pepe A, Gellért A, Banyai K, Martella V, Giammanco GM. Molecular evolutionary analysis of type-1 human astroviruses identifies putative sites under selection pressure on the capsid protein. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 58:199-208. [PMID: 29288011 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human astroviruses (HAstV) are important enteric pathogens that can be classified into eight sero/genotypes (HAstV-1 to -8). Although the various HAstV types show global spread, type-1 strains tend to be predominant. Molecular analysis of the genomic region encoding the capsid protein (ORF2) has revealed discrete sequence variation, with different lineages within each HAstV type and at least three major lineages have been identified within HAstV-1. Longitudinal epidemiological surveillance has revealed temporal shift of the various HAstV-1 lineages. Metadata analysis of HAstV-1 sequences available in the databases also revealed temporal shifts of the circulation of HAstV-1 lineages, suggesting possible antigenic-related mechanisms of selection at the sub-genotype level. By comparison of HAstV-1 capsid sequences, lineage-defining residues under positive selection were identified. Structural analysis of HAstV-1 capsid allowed identifying at least six residues exposed on the virion surface. Two residues were located in the VP34 (shell region) whilst four residues were mapped in the VP25/27 (protruding region) of HAstV capsid protein, in proximity of the putative receptor binding S site. These findings suggest that mechanisms similar to those observed and/or hypothesized for other enteric viruses are also shaping the evolution of HAstVs, with intra-typic diversification being a possible mechanism to decrease the antigenic pressure to which these viruses are exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Grazia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Bonura
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Noemi Urone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cappa
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Li Muli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Pepe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Akos Gellért
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest H-1143, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Banyai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, Budapest H-1143, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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23
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Cortez V, Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Hargest V, Johnson C, Schultz-Cherry S. Astrovirus Biology and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol 2017; 4:327-348. [PMID: 28715976 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastrointestinal illness. Although a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, human astroviruses are among the least characterized enteric RNA viruses. However, by using in vitro methods and animal models to characterize virus-host interactions, researchers have discovered several important properties of astroviruses, including the ability of the astrovirus capsid to act as an enterotoxin, disrupting the gut epithelial barrier. Improved animal models are needed to study this phenomenon, along with the pathogenesis of astroviruses, particularly in those strains that can cause extraintestinal disease. Much like for other enteric viruses, the current dogma states that astroviruses infect in a species-specific manner; however, this assumption is being challenged by growing evidence that these viruses have potential to cross species barriers. This review summarizes these remarkable facets of astrovirus biology, highlighting critical steps toward increasing our understanding of this unique enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , , .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Cydney Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
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24
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Characterization of astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis in hospitalized children under five years of age. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:94-99. [PMID: 28536072 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and genetic diversity of astrovirus (AstV) detected in children hospitalized for gastroenteritis (GE). METHODS A multi-center, hospital-based surveillance study was conducted across Lebanon to investigate the incidence of AstV among diarrheal hospitalizations. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples collected between 2011 and 2013 from children, below the age of 5years, hospitalized for GE at six medical centers across Lebanon. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. RNA of eligible samples (n=739) was screened by two AstV-specific PCR assays followed by genotype-specific PCR. Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed for genotypic characterization. RESULTS Overall, 5.5% (41/739) of rotavirus-negative stool samples collected from hospitalized children <5years old tested positive for AstV infection. AstV infections were detected all year long. Diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and fever were the most common symptoms associated with AstV infections. Children aged 48-59months had the highest incidence of AstV. Using the Vesikari Scoring System to assess clinical severity, 85.4% of children with AstV had a score>11, indicating severe GE. Genotype-specific PCR identified 22 classical and 4 MLB-like AstV specimens. Further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of orf1b and orf2 genes revealed that AstV classical 1-3, 5, 6, and 8, MLB-1, VA-1 and -2 genotypes circulated in Lebanon. Recombination between classical AstV strains was detected in several cases as evident by the lack of congruency in the tree topologies of the orf1b and orf2. Two cases of mixed infections between classical and non-classical genotypic strains were recorded. CONCLUSION High genetic diversity was detected among AstVs in Lebanon. AstVs are associated with 5.5% of non-rotavirus GE-associated hospitalizations in children under five years in Lebanon.
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25
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Bat Astroviruses: Towards Understanding the Transmission Dynamics of a Neglected Virus Family. Viruses 2017; 9:v9020034. [PMID: 28230787 PMCID: PMC5332953 DOI: 10.3390/v9020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats belong to the order Chiroptera that represents the second largest order of mammals with more than 1200 species and an almost global distribution. Environmental changes and deforestation have severely influenced many ecosystems, intensifying the contact between wildlife and humans. In recent years, bats have been found to harbor a number of different viruses with zoonotic potential, as well as a great diversity of astroviruses, for which the question of zoonotic potential remains unanswered to date. Human astroviruses have been identified as the causative agent for diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. For a long time, astroviruses have been considered to be strictly species-specific. However, a great genetic diversity has recently been discovered among animal and human astroviruses that might indicate the potential of these viruses to cross species barriers. Furthermore, our knowledge about the tissue tropism of astroviruses has been expanded to some neurotropic strains that have recently been shown to be responsible for encephalitis in humans and livestock. This review gives an overview on what is known about astroviruses in bats, humans and livestock, especially bovines and pigs. Future research activities are suggested to unravel astrovirus infection dynamics in bat populations to further assess the zoonotic potential of these viruses.
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26
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Ito M, Kuroda M, Masuda T, Akagami M, Haga K, Tsuchiaka S, Kishimoto M, Naoi Y, Sano K, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Oba M, Aoki H, Ichimaru T, Mukono I, Ouchi Y, Yamasato H, Shirai J, Katayama K, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Whole genome analysis of porcine astroviruses detected in Japanese pigs reveals genetic diversity and possible intra-genotypic recombination. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 50:38-48. [PMID: 28189887 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) are ubiquitous enteric virus of pigs that are distributed in several countries throughout the world. Since PoAstVs are detected in apparent healthy pigs, the clinical significance of infection is unknown. However, AstVs have recently been associated with a severe neurological disorder in animals, including humans, and zoonotic potential has been suggested. To date, little is known about the epidemiology of PoAstVs among the pig population in Japan. In this report, we present an analysis of nearly complete genomes of 36 PoAstVs detected by a metagenomics approach in the feces of Japanese pigs. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence comparison, 10, 5, 15, and 6 sequences were classified as PoAstV2, PoAstV3, PoAstV4, and PoAstV5, respectively. Co-infection with two or three strains was found in individual fecal samples from eight pigs. The phylogenetic trees of ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2 of PoAstV2 and PoAstV4 showed differences in their topologies. The PoAstV3 and PoAstV5 strains shared high sequence identities within each genotype in all ORFs; however, one PoAstV3 strain and one PoAstV5 strain showed considerable sequence divergence from the other PoAstV3 and PoAstV5 strains, respectively, in ORF2. Recombination analysis using whole genomes revealed evidence of multiple possible intra-genotype recombination events in PoAstV2 and PoAstV4, suggesting that recombination might have contributed to the genetic diversity and played an important role in the evolution of Japanese PoAstVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Moegi Kuroda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Masataka Akagami
- Kenhoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Minato, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuchiaka
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuki Naoi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Ichimaru
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 929-1210, Japan
| | - Itsuro Mukono
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Ouchi
- Kenhoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasato
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Minato, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Bioproduction Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.
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27
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Complete genome sequence analysis of chicken astrovirus isolate from India. Vet Res Commun 2016; 41:67-75. [PMID: 28012117 PMCID: PMC7088555 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Chicken astroviruses have been known to cause severe disease in chickens leading to increased mortality and “white chicks” condition. Here we aim to characterize the causative agent of visceral gout suspected for astrovirus infection in broiler breeder chickens. Methods Total RNA isolated from allantoic fluid of SPF embryo passaged with infected chicken sample was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing using ion-torrent PGM platform. The sequence was analysed for the presence of coding and non-coding features, its similarity with reported isolates and epitope analysis of capsid structural protein. Results The consensus length of 7513 bp genome sequence of Indian isolate of chicken astrovirus was obtained after assembly of 14,121 high quality reads. The genome was comprised of 13 bp 5′-UTR, three open reading frames (ORFs) including ORF1a encoding serine protease, ORF1b encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and ORF2 encoding capsid protein, and 298 bp of 3′-UTR which harboured two corona virus stem loop II like “s2m” motifs and a poly A stretch of 19 nucleotides. The genetic analysis of CAstV/INDIA/ANAND/2016 suggested highest sequence similarity of 86.94% with the chicken astrovirus isolate CAstV/GA2011 followed by 84.76% with CAstV/4175 and 74.48%% with CAstV/Poland/G059/2014 isolates. The capsid structural protein of CAstV/INDIA/ANAND/2016 showed 84.67% similarity with chicken astrovirus isolate CAstV/GA2011, 81.06% with CAstV/4175 and 41.18% with CAstV/Poland/G059/2014 isolates. However, the capsid protein sequence showed high degree of sequence identity at nucleotide level (98.64-99.32%) and at amino acids level (97.74–98.69%) with reported sequences of Indian isolates suggesting their common origin and limited sequence divergence. The epitope analysis by SVMTriP identified two unique epitopes in our isolate, seven shared epitopes among Indian isolates and two shared epitopes among all isolates except Poland isolate which carried all distinct epitopes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11259-016-9673-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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28
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Mohamed FF, Mansour SMG, El-Araby IE, Mor SK, Goyal SM. Molecular detection of enteric viruses from diarrheic calves in Egypt. Arch Virol 2016; 162:129-137. [PMID: 27686074 PMCID: PMC7086814 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and economic losses in the beef and dairy industries. This study was conducted to investigate the existence of enteric viruses in two Egyptian farms with a history of recurrent diarrhea. Fecal samples were collected from 25 diarrheic calves. RNA was extracted and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, torovirus, coronavirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Overall, 76 % (19/25) of samples tested positive for one or more viruses. Rota-, noro- and astroviruses were detected in 48 %, 24 % and 32 % of tested samples, respectively. About 37 % (7/19) of positive samples had two different viruses. One-month-old calves were the group most vulnerable to infections. Based on phylogenetic analysis, bovine rotaviruses were of genotypes G6 and G10, bovine noroviruses were in GIII.2, and bovine astroviruses were in the BAstV lineage 1. Astrovirus sequences showed a high level nucleotide sequence similarity with the Brazilian BAstV sequences available in GenBank. We believe this is the first report of bovine norovirus and bovine astrovirus circulating among calves in Egypt. Further epidemiological studies are recommended to investigate their presence on a wider scale, to predict their association with NCD, and to design appropriate diagnostic and control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Shimaa M G Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Iman E El-Araby
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
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29
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Avian nephritis virus (ANV) on Brazilian chickens farms: circulating genotypes and intra-genotypic diversity. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3455-3462. [PMID: 27638777 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian nephritis virus (ANV), which belongs to the family Astroviridae, is associated with different clinical manifestations (including enteric disorders). Despite being frequently found in the avian industry worldwide, information regarding genetic features of these viruses in Brazil is scarce. Therefore, sixty fecal sample pools (5-6 birds of the same flock), representing 60 poultry farms from six Brazilian States, were screened using an astrovirus-specific hemi-nested-PCR assay targeting the conserved ORF1b gene, followed by nucleotide sequencing of amplified products. PCR and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the detection of 21 positive samples to ANV (35 %). In order to investigate the genetic diversity represented by these viruses, amplification, cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of ORF2 gene were attempted. Eight samples were successfully cloned (generating 32 clones in total) and sequenced. Based on phylogenetic analysis of ORF2, sequences defined in this study were classified into three genotypes: genotype 5, which has already been described in birds, and two other novel genotypes, tentatively named genotype 8 and 9, all of which occurred in single or mixed infections. Moreover, high intra-genotypic diversity and co-circulation of distinct strains in a same host population were observed. This study revealed the presence of new strains of ANV in Brazilian poultry and their circulation in commercial chicken flocks.
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30
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Domanska-Blicharz K. Nearly full-length genome sequence of a novel astrovirus isolated from chickens with 'white chicks' condition. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2581-7. [PMID: 27339687 PMCID: PMC4987400 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian astroviruses (aAstVs) are divided into three species, Avastrovirus 1, Avastrovirus 2, and Avastrovirus 3, but there are a few strains are waiting to be assigned to an official taxonomic group. This study presents the molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus (CAstV), PL/G059/2014, which is involved in the induction of “white chicks” condition. The 7382-nucleotide-long genome sequence was determined by next-generation sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq System. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it has the characteristics that are typical of avian astroviruses. However, overall degree of nucleotide sequence identity was 43.6 % to 73.7 % between PL/G059/2014 and other available genome sequences of aAstV strains. The amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by ORF1a and ORF1b of the studied strain were very similar (86.5-93.8 % identity) to those of CAstVs 4175 and GA2011, but they were only 32.7-35.2 % identical in the case of ORF2, which is used officially for astrovirus species demarcation. These features could suggest that the PL/G059/2014 strain should be assigned to a new species in the genus Avastrovirus. Moreover, the different phylogenetic topology of PL/G059/2014 and its nucleotide sequence similarity in different genomic regions could suggest that a recombination event occurred during its evolution and that it has ancestors in common with duck astroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
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31
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Singh A, Mor SK, Jindal N, Patnayak D, Sobhy NM, Luong NT, Goyal SM. Detection and molecular characterization of astroviruses in turkeys. Arch Virol 2016; 161:939-46. [PMID: 26780891 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of turkey astrovirus 1 (TAstV-1) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) in turkeys with light turkey syndrome (LTS), which is characterized by lower body weight in market-age turkeys than their standard breed character. We collected pools of fecal samples from four LTS and two non-LTS turkey flocks in Minnesota at 2, 3, 5 and 8 weeks of age. Of the 80 LTS pools tested, 16 (20.0 %) and 11 (13.8 %) were positive for TAstV-1 and ANV, respectively. For non-LTS flocks, these numbers were 8 (20.0 %) and 5 (12.5 %), respectively. The maximum number of birds was positive at five weeks of age. We also tested 130 fecal samples of poult enteritis syndrome (PES) cases submitted to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and found 19 and 11 positive for TAstV-1 and ANV, respectively. RdRp gene sequences were determined for a total of 29 TAstV-1 and 22 ANV samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp gene revealed 92-100 % and 88-100 % nucleotide sequence identity among TAstV-1 and ANV sequences, respectively. A large number of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions were observed in LTS and PES flocks than in non-LTS flocks. One of the PES sequences grouped with ANV-like sequences detected in chickens, indicating that regular screening of birds should be continued. Further, complete genome analysis should be conducted to determine whether this virus is a novel divergent strain or a recombinant of chicken and turkey ANV-like viruses. The detection of TAstV-1 and ANV in a considerable number of non-LTS cases emphasizes the need for further studies on the transmission pattern and pathogenesis of these viruses to determine their role as pathogens of turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Singh
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Devi Patnayak
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nader M Sobhy
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nhungoc Ti Luong
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Alfred N, Liu H, Li ML, Hong SF, Tang HB, Wei ZZ, Chen Y, Li FK, Zhong YZ, Huang WJ. Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of diverse bovine astroviruses associated with diarrhea in cattle and water buffalo calves in China. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:643-51. [PMID: 25716289 PMCID: PMC4488400 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses are the principal causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans and have been associated with diarrhea in other mammals as well as birds. However, astroviral infection of animals had been poorly studied. In the present study, 211 rectal swabs collected from cattle and water buffalo calves with mild to severe diarrhea were tested for bovine astrovirus (BAstV) by RT-PCR. Results: 92/211 (43.6%) samples were positive for BAstV, at a rate of 46.10% (71/154) in cattle and 36.84% (21/57) in water buffalo. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial and full-length of 25 ORF2 amino acid sequences obtained in this study classified the Guangxi BAstVs isolates into five subgroups under the genus of Mamastrovirus, genotype MAstV33, which suggested that the water buffalo was a new host of this genogroup that previously included only cattle and roe deer. Despite the origin of the host, the Guangxi BAstV isolates were closely related to the BAstV Hong Kong isolates (B18/HK and B76-2/HK), but highly divergent from the BAstV NeuroS1 isolate previously associated with neurologic disease in cattle in the U.S.A. Nucleotide sequence-based characterization of the ORF1b/ORF2 junction and corresponding overlapping regions showed distinctive properties, which may be common to BAstVs. Our results suggested that cattle and water buffalo are prone to infection of closely related astroviruses, which probably evolved from the same ancestor. The current study described astroviruses in water buffalo for the first time and is thus far among the largest epidemiological investigations of BAstV infection in cattle conducted in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyokwishimira Alfred
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases Prevention and Molecular Immunology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Abstract
Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus. Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic (MAstV 1), HAstV-MLB (MAstV 6), and HAstV-VA/HMO (MAstV 8 and MAstV 9) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bosch
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Pintó
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Guix
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sun N, Yang Y, Wang GS, Shao XQ, Zhang SQ, Wang FX, Tan B, Tian FL, Cheng SP, Wen YJ. Detection and characterization of avastrovirus associated with diarrhea isolated from minks in China. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2014; 6:169-174. [PMID: 24915926 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses are becoming a growing concern in veterinary and public health. Many astrovirus species are associated with enteric diseases have been described in both mammalian and avian hosts. In the present study, 23 fecal samples from diarrheic minks were collected in Liaoning and Shandong Province, and an investigation of astrovirus was performed using biochemical methods and RT-PCR assay with specific primers. A total of four mink astroviral isolates were detected from sick minks with diarrhea problems. Further sequencing and characterization of the partial ORF1b gene and ORF2 gene segments revealed low sequence identities (20.0-85.3 and 31.8-87.2%) with known astroviral strains, indicating the emergence of a novel clade of astroviruses. Some new features of the astroviral genome have also been discovered. The phylogenetic tree revealed that all samples were distantly related to mink astrovirus and were closely related to chicken astroviruses and turkey astroviruses. MK/DL-1, MK/DL-2, MK/SD-1, and MK/SD-2 formed a new clade and were found to be more closely related to astroviruses from birds than to other mink strains, indicating past cross-species transmission and considerable zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun, 130112, China
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Domańska-Blicharz K, Jacukowicz A, Bocian L, Minta Z. Astroviruses in Polish commercial turkey farms in 2009-2012. Avian Dis 2014; 58:158-64. [PMID: 24758130 DOI: 10.1637/10611-070813-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian astrovirus infections are widespread in many countries, and infections have been connected with enteritis and increased mortality in young birds. In the present study, fecal samples were collected during 2009-2012 from a total of 156 meat turkey flocks. Astrovirus presence and type differentiation was performed with the use of two molecular diagnostic approaches. Out of 156 flocks, 48.7% were found to be TAstV positive. Depending on the method used for type differentiation, TAstV-2 and TAstV-1 prevalence was between 31.4%-41% and 9.6%-15.4%, respectively. No avian nephritis virus was detected. About 30% of astrovirus-positive flocks were infected with both types of TAstV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial polymerase gene sequence revealed the genetic variability of isolated TAstV, and most of the detected TAstV-2 belonged to the European lineage of astroviruses. Statistical analysis suggested the positive but weak correlation between the presence of astrovirus and health status (slightly more frequent detection of TAstV in sick, diarrheic birds) and also negative medium correlation between age and astrovirus occurrence.
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Liu N, Wang F, Shi J, Zheng L, Wang X, Zhang D. Molecular characterization of a duck hepatitis virus 3-like astrovirus. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Gut health is very important to get maximum returns in terms of weight gain and egg production. Enteric diseases such as poult enteritis complex (PEC) in turkeys do not allow their production potential to be achieved to its maximum. A number of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been implicated but the primary etiology has not been definitively established. Previously, electron microscopy was used to detect the presence of enteric viruses, which were identified solely on the basis of their morphology. With the advent of rapid molecular diagnostic methods and next generation nucleic acid sequencing, researchers have made long strides in identification and characterization of viruses associated with PEC. The molecular techniques have also helped us in identification of pathogens which were previously not known. Regional and national surveys have revealed the presence of several different enteric viruses in PEC including rotavirus, astrovirus, reovirus and coronavirus either alone or in combination. There may still be unknown pathogens that may directly or indirectly play a role in enteritis in turkeys. This review will focus on the role of turkey coronavirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and astrovirus in turkey enteritis.
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Recombination analysis based on the HAstV-2 and HAstV-4 complete genomes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 22:94-102. [PMID: 24462746 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complete genome sequences of previously unstudied human astrovirus subgenotypes - HAstV-2a and HAstV-2c - and two isolates of a rare genotype HAstV-4 have been determined. These isolates were recovered from fecal samples of young children hospitalized with acute intestinal infections in Novosibirsk (Russia). Three of the four sequenced isolates (HAstV-2a, HAstV-2c, and HAstV-4) are recombinants. It has been shown that all known HAstV-2 genomes have emerged via recombination; the HAstV-1 and HAstV-4 genotypes contain both recombinant and non-recombinant isolates; and all HAstV-3, HAstV-5, and HAstV-6 whole-genome sequences display no reliable signs of recombination. The average mutation accumulation rate has been determined based on an extended ORF2 fragment and amounts to 1.0×10(-3) substitutions per site per year. The evolutionary chronology of current HAstV genotypes has been reconstructed.
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Chu DKW, Leung CYH, Perera HKK, Ng EM, Gilbert M, Joyner PH, Grioni A, Ades G, Guan Y, Peiris JSM, Poon LLM. A novel group of avian astroviruses in wild aquatic birds. J Virol 2012; 86:13772-8. [PMID: 23035212 PMCID: PMC3503074 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02105-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a pan-astrovirus reverse transcription-PCR assay, a great diversity of novel avastroviruses was detected from wild bird and poultry samples. Two groups of astroviruses detected from wild birds are genetically related or highly similar to previously known viruses in poultry. Most interestingly, a novel group of astroviruses was detected in wild aquatic birds. Our results also reveal that different groups of astroviruses might have difference host ranges. This study has expanded our understanding regarding avastrovirus ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. W. Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Connie Y. H. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Harsha K. K. Perera
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Erica M. Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Alessandro Grioni
- Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary Ades
- Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph S. M. Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Centre, People's Republic of China
| | - Leo L. M. Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre for Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Avian astroviruses comprise a diverse group of viruses affecting many avian species and causing enteritis, hepatitis, and nephritis. To date, six different astroviruses have been identified in avian species based on the species of origin and viral genome characteristics: two turkey-origin astroviruses [Turkey Astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) and type 2 (TAstV-2)]; two chicken-origin astroviruses [Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV) and Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV)]; and two duck-origin astrovirus [Duck Astrovirus type 1 (DAstV-1) and type 2 (DAstV-2)]. ANV has also been detected in turkeys, ducklings, pigeons, and guinea fowl; and TAstrovirus-2-like viruses have also been found in guinea fowl. Astroviruses are commonly associated with enteric disease syndromes in poultry including runting-stunting syndrome of broilers (RSS), poult enteritis complex or syndrome (PEC or PES), poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS), and enteritis in guinea fowl. The molecular characterization of the different avian astroviruses shows great genetic variability among each type, and this variability influences the ability to detect these viruses by molecular and serological techniques. In this chapter, we review the different aspects related to avian astroviruses, including molecular biology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- , Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, 38105 Tennessee USA
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Toffan A, Catania S, Salviato A, De Battisti C, Vascellari M, Toson M, Capua I, Cattoli G. Experimental infection of poults and guinea fowl with genetically distinct avian astroviruses. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:429-35. [PMID: 22900602 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.704980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Avian astroviruses, of the genus Avastrovirus, are recognized as being the cause of enteritis in different bird species worldwide. In particular, turkeys are very susceptible and can be severely affected by this viral agent. More recently, astroviruses were detected in diseased guinea fowl in Italy but whether or not they were the causative agents of the clinical disease was not established. Despite the distribution and relevance of Avastrovirus infection, very little information on pathogenesis or factors influencing the pathogenicity of astroviruses is available. To increase available data on the pathogenesis of these viruses and to test the hypothesis of possible interspecies transmission, experimental infections were carried out in turkeys and guinea fowl with two genetically distinct avian astroviruses, namely TK-6363 and GF-5497, originating respectively from diseased turkey poults and guinea fowl. Data obtained in our study show that both of the viruses selected were able to infect young birds of the species in which they were originally detected. Additionally, these viruses were able to infect young birds of different species causing clinical signs, thus providing experimental evidence for the infection of distinct avian astroviruses in different avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toffan
- OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human Animal Interface, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
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Genetic characterization of astroviruses detected in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) reveals a distinct genotype and suggests cross-species transmission between turkey and guinea fowl. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1329-37. [PMID: 22527867 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses can infect mammalian and avian species and are often responsible for gastroenteric disease symptoms. In this study, the complete open reading frame (ORF) 2, the 3' end of ORF1b and the corresponding intergenic region of astroviruses identified in farmed guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) were sequenced and genetically analysed. Overall, the genetic sequence of guinea fowl astroviruses was related to turkey astrovirus type 2 (TastV2), although a marked genetic distance was revealed based on ORF2, which might indicate the circulation of a distinct virus genotype and serotype in guinea fowl. Furthermore, the genetic data presented herein suggest that either recombination between different astroviruses infecting distinct hosts or adaptation of a given astrovirus to a new host had occurred. In either case, direct or indirect interspecies transmission of astroviruses is likely to have occurred between turkey and guinea fowl, indicating the ability of viruses belonging to the family Astroviridae to cross species barriers.
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Todd D, Trudgett J, Smyth VJ, Donnelly B, McBride N, Welsh MD. Capsid protein sequence diversity of avian nephritis virus. Avian Pathol 2012; 40:249-59. [PMID: 21711184 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.553583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The capsid gene sequences of 25 avian nephritis viruses (ANVs), collected in the UK, Germany and Belgium from the 1980s to 2008, were determined and compared with those of serotype 1 (ANV-1) and serotype 2 (ANV-2) ANV isolates. Amino acid identities as low as 51% were determined. Pairwise comparisons supported by phylogenetic analysis identified six ANVs, including ANV-1 and ANV-2, which shared<80% amino acid identities with one another, and which were selected to be representative of six groups. The ANVs were not distributed according to geographical location or year of sampling, and the detection of ANVs from five different groups in 11 samples sourced from six flocks belonging to the same UK organization within a 4-month period indicated that sequence-diverse ANVs were co-circulating. Amino acid alignments demonstrated the existence of variable regions throughout the capsid protein, nine of which were selected for detailed comparisons. With most ANVs, the variable region sequences were similar to those of one of the six representative ANVs, but some ANV capsids displayed novel variable region profiles, in which variable regions that were characteristic of more than one representative ANV were present. Phylogenetic analysis based on C-terminal sequences of approximately 260 amino acids and SimPlot analysis provided evidence that RNA recombination events located in the 1250 to 1350 nucleotide region resulted in new combinations of the N-terminal and C-terminal capsid regions. The high level of capsid sequence diversity observed in the present study has important implications for both the control and diagnosis of ANV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Todd
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK.
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Screening of feral and wood pigeons for viruses harbouring a conserved mobile viral element: characterization of novel Astroviruses and Picornaviruses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25964. [PMID: 22043297 PMCID: PMC3197151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly conserved RNA-motif of yet unknown function, called stem-loop-2-like motif (s2m), has been identified in the 3′ end of the genomes of viruses belonging to different RNA virus families which infect a broad range of mammal and bird species, including Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae and Caliciviridae. Since s2m is such an extremely conserved motif, it is an ideal target for screening for viruses harbouring it. In this study, we have detected and characterized novel viruses harbouring this motif in pigeons by using a s2m-specific amplification. 84% and 67% of the samples from feral pigeons and wood pigeons, respectively, were found to contain a virus harbouring s2m. Four novel viruses were identified and characterized. Two of the new viruses belong to the genus Avastrovirus in the Astroviridae family. We propose two novel species to be included in this genus, Feral pigeon astrovirus and Wood pigeon astrovirus. Two other novel viruses, Pigeon picornavirus A and Pigeon picornavirus B, belong to the Picornaviridae family, presumably to the genus Sapelovirus. Both of the novel picornaviruses harboured two adjacent s2m, called (s2m)2, suggesting a possible increased functional effect of s2m when present in two copies.
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Determination of the full length sequence of a chicken astrovirus suggests a different replication mechanism. Virus Genes 2011; 44:45-50. [PMID: 21879342 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The genomic RNA of a novel chicken astrovirus was determined. The full length sequence is 7520 nucleotides and encodes three open reading frames (1a, 1b, 2) for three proteins. The genomic organization was similar to other astroviruses with two exceptions. The open reading frame of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase contains its own start codon which is different from other astroviruses described to date, providing evidence for a replication mechanism different than what has previously been described for astroviruses. Furthermore, the stem-loop structure located at the potential ribosomal frameshift signal described for other astroviruses has been shown to be a hairpin structure for the novel chicken astrovirus. Phylogenic analysis of the full length sequence revealed that this chicken astrovirus formed a branch independent from other astroviruses, indicating that this astrovirus is significantly different from astroviruses described to date.
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De Benedictis P, Schultz-Cherry S, Burnham A, Cattoli G. Astrovirus infections in humans and animals - molecular biology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmissions. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1529-44. [PMID: 21843659 PMCID: PMC7185765 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive sense, single-stranded RNA viruses first identified in 1975 in children suffering from diarrhea and then described in a wide variety of animals. To date, the list of animal species susceptible to astrovirus infection has expanded to 22 animal species or families, including domestic, synantropic and wild animals, avian, and mammalian species in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. Astrovirus infections are considered among the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, second only to rotavirus infections, but in animals their association with enteric diseases is not well documented, with the exception of turkey and mink astrovirus infection. Genetic variability has been described in almost all astrovirus species sufficiently examined infecting mammals and birds; however, antigenic variability has been demonstrated for human astroviruses but is far less investigated in animal viruses. Interestingly, there is an increasing evidence of recombination events occurring in astroviruses, which contributes to increase the genetic variability of this group of viruses. A wide variety of species infected, the evident virus genetic diversity and the occurrence of recombination events indicate or imply either cross-species transmission and subsequent virus adaptation to new hosts or the co-infection of the same host with different astroviruses. This can also favor the emergence of novel astroviruses infecting animals or with a zoonotic potential. After more than 30 years from their first description in humans, there are many exciting streams of research to be explored and intriguing questions that remain to be answered about the relatively under-studied Astroviridae family. In the present work, we will review the existing knowledge concerning astrovirus infections in humans and animals, with particular focus on the molecular biology, interspecies transmission and zoonotic potential of this group of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Benedictis
- OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Animal-Human Interface, Research & Innovation Department, Division of Biomedical Science, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Tse H, Chan WM, Tsoi HW, Fan RYY, Lau CCY, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Rediscovery and genomic characterization of bovine astroviruses. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1888-1898. [PMID: 21508185 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.030817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Mamastrovirus belongs to the family Astroviridae and consists of at least six members infecting different mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle and pigs. In recent years, novel astroviruses have been identified in other mammalian species like roe deer, bats and sea lions. While the bovine astrovirus was one of the earliest astroviruses to have been studied, no further research has been performed recently and its genome sequence remains uncharacterized. In this report, we describe the detection and genomic characterization of astroviruses in bovine faecal specimens obtained in Hong Kong. Five of 209 specimens were found to be positive for astrovirus by RT-PCR. Two of the positive specimens were found to contain sequences from two different astrovirus strains. Complete genome sequences of approximately 6.3 kb in length were obtained for four strains, which showed similar organization of the genome compared to other astroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their identities as members of the genus Mamastrovirus, and showed them to be most closely related to the Capreolus capreolus astrovirus. Based on the pairwise genetic distances among their full-length ORF2 sequences, these bovine astroviruses may be assigned into at least three different genotype species. Sequence analysis revealed evidence of potential recombination in ORF2. In summary, we report the first genome sequences of bovine astroviruses and clearly establish the species status of the virus. Additionally, our study is among the first to report co-infection by different astrovirus genotypes in the same host, which is an essential step for recombination to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Tse
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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49
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Jindal N, Patnayak DP, Chander Y, Ziegler AF, Goyal SM. Comparison of capsid gene sequences of turkey astrovirus-2 from poult-enteritis-syndrome-affected and apparently healthy turkeys. Arch Virol 2011; 156:969-77. [PMID: 21327787 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-0931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine genetic variations in the capsid gene of turkey astrovirus-2 (TAstV-2) detected in apparently healthy and poult enteritis syndrome (PES)-affected turkeys. Capsid genes of astroviruses obtained from 30 PES-affected and 45 apparently healthy turkey flocks had sequence homologies of 73.4-100% and 72.4-100% at the nucleotide levels, respectively. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequences revealed one amino acid deletion at position 552 in 28 (93.3%) of 30 PES-affected cases. However, there were two deletions (at positions 551 and 552) in 31 (68.9%) of 45 TAstV-2 from apparently healthy flocks. The TAstV-2 (6.7%) from two PES-affected cases had two amino acid insertions each between positions 552 and 553, while TAstV-2 from 14 (31.1%) of 45 healthy flocks had two insertions at the same position. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences revealed that the astroviruses in this study were closely related to most of the previously published TAstV-2 isolates. The sequence homology of TAstV-2 in this study ranged from 70.4% to 99.4% at the nucleotide level with those of previously published TAstV-2 isolates. The variations at the amino acid level in the capsid gene suggest the possibility of the existence of different serotypes of turkey astrovirus. The close relationship of turkey astroviruses from apparently healthy flocks to those from PES-affected cases in capsid gene phylogeny necessitates further studies to compare complete capsid gene sequences from both types of flocks from different geographic areas for better understanding of TAstV circulating in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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50
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Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Strother KO, Mundt E, Zsak L, Day JM, Spackman E. Molecular characterization of avian astroviruses. Arch Virol 2010; 156:235-44. [PMID: 21069394 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Astroviruses are frequently associated with enteric diseases in poultry, being isolated from cases of runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) of broiler chickens, poult enteritis complex (PEC), and poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) of turkeys. Currently, five types of avian astrovirus have been identified: turkey astroviruses 1 and 2 (TAstV-1, TAstV-2), avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and duck astrovirus (DAstV). The objective of this study was to molecularly characterize the different types of avian astroviruses circulating in commercial poultry. Sequence analysis of a region of ORF2, which encodes the capsid precursor protein associated with serotype and viral pathogenesis, revealed extensive variation in amino acid sequence within each subtype: TAstV-2 (81.5%-100%), ANV (69.9%-100%), and CAstV (85.3%-97.9%). However, this region was more conserved in TAstV-1's (96.2%-100%). Furthermore, a novel astrovirus was detected in chicken samples and found to be <64% similar to ANV and <30.6% similar to CAstV. The results of this study underline the great genetic variability of avian astroviruses and indicate that there are most likely multiple serotypes of each avian astrovirus circulating in commercial poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pantin-Jackwood
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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