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Gu H, Qiu H, Yang H, Deng Z, Zhang S, Du L, He F. PRRSV utilizes MALT1-regulated autophagy flux to switch virus spread and reserve. Autophagy 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39081059 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2386195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major swine pathogen, which can survive host antiviral immunity with various mechanisms. PRRSV infection induces macroautophagy/autophagy, facilitating virus replication. MALT1, a central immune regulator, was manipulated by PRRSV to optimize viral infection at different stages of the virus cycle. In this study, the key role of MALT1 in autophagy regulation during PRRSV infection was characterized, enlightening the role of autophagy flux in favor of virus spread and persistent infection. PRRSV-induced autophagy was confirmed to facilitate virus proliferation. Furthermore, autophagic fusion was dynamically regulated during PRRSV infection. Importantly, PRRSV-induced MALT1 facilitated autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autolysosome formation, thus contributing to autophagy flux and virus proliferation. Mechanically, MALT1 regulated autophagy via mediating MTOR-ULK1 and -TFEB signaling and affecting lysosomal homeostasis. MALT1 inhibition by inhibitor Mi-2 or RNAi induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), leading to the block of autophagic fusion. Further, MALT1 overexpression alleviated PRRSV-induced LMP via inhibiting ROS generation. In addition, blocking autophagy flux suppressed virus release significantly, indicating that MALT1-maintained complete autophagy flux during PRRSV infection favors successful virus spread and its proliferation. In contrast, autophagosome accumulation upon MALT1 inhibition promoted PRRSV reserve for future virus proliferation once the autophagy flux recovers. Taken together, for the first time, these findings elucidate that MALT1 was utilized by PRRSV to regulate host autophagy flux, to determine the fate of virus for either proliferation or reserve.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BFP/mBFP: monomeric blue fluorescent protein; CQ: chloroquine; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post infection; IFA: indirect immunofluorescence assay; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LGALS3: galectin 3; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine-methyl ester; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MALT1: MALT1 paracaspase; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; nsp: nonstructural protein; ORF: open reading frame; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PRRSV: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PRRSV-N: PRRSV nucleocapsid protein; Rapa: rapamycin; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SBI: SBI-0206965; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; TFEB: transcription factor EB; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - He Qiu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhuofan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shengkun Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liuyang Du
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Wang H, Xiao B, Chen S, He J, Li C. Identification of an Ortholog of MALT1 from Shrimp That Induces NF-κB-Mediated Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:2361. [PMID: 38140602 PMCID: PMC10748089 DOI: 10.3390/v15122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) serves as a pivotal mediator for NF-κB activation in response to a wide spectrum of transmembrane receptor stimuli. In the present study, a homolog of MALT1, named LvMALT1, is cloned from the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and its potential function in shrimp innate immunity is explored. The open reading frame of LvMALT1 is 2364 bp that encodes 787 amino acids. The predicted LvMALT1 protein structure comprises a death domain, three immunoglobulin domains, and a caspase-like domain, exhibiting remarkable similarity to other homologs. LvMALT1 is a cytoplasmic-localized protein and could interact with LvTRAF6. Overexpression of LvMALT1 induces the activation of promoter elements governing the expression of several key antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including penaeidins (PENs) and crustins (CRUs). Conversely, silencing of LvMALT1 leads to a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of Dorsal and Relish, along with a concomitant decline in the in vivo expression levels of multiple AMPs. Furthermore, LvMALT1 is prominently upregulated in response to a challenge by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), facilitating the NF-κB-mediated expression of AMPs as a defense against viral infection. Taken together, we identified a MALT1 homolog from the shrimp L. vannamei, which plays a positive role in the TRAF6/NF-κB/AMPs axis-mediated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Marine Aquaculture Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Marine Aquaculture Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhang Y, Mo R, Sun S, Cui Z, Liang B, Li E, Wang T, Feng Y, Yang S, Yan F, Zhao Y, Xia X. Bacillus subtilis vector based oral rabies vaccines induced potent immune response and protective efficacy in mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126533. [PMID: 36846792 PMCID: PMC9948087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rabies is a worldwide epidemic that poses a serious threat to global public health. At present, rabies in domestic dogs, cats, and some pets can be effectively prevented and controlled by intramuscular injection of rabies vaccine. But for some inaccessible animals, especially stray dogs, and wild animals, it is difficult to prevent with intramuscular injection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective oral rabies vaccine. Methods We constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) expressing two different strains of rabies virus G protein, named CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G, immunogenicity was studied in mice. Results The results showed that CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G could significantly increase the specific SIgA titers in feces, serum IgG titers, and neutralizing antibodies. ELISpot experiments showed that CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G could also induce Th1 and Th2 to mediate the secretion of immune-related IFN-γ and IL-4. Collectively, our results suggested that recombinant B. subtilis CotG-E-G and CotG-C-G have excellent immunogenicity and are expected to be novel oral vaccine candidates for the prevention and control of wild animal rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Northeast Forestry University College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Harbin, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruo Mo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanding Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,Feihu Yan,✉
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,Yongkun Zhao,✉
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Northeast Forestry University College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Harbin, China,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Xianzhu Xia,✉
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Identifying RBBP7 as a Promising Diagnostic Biomarker for BK Virus-Associated Nephropathy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6934744. [PMID: 35958876 PMCID: PMC9357817 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6934744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVN) remains a major infectious complication due to powerful immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients, and its histologic appearance can mimic rejection, leading to diagnostic and treatment dilemmas thus molecular diagnostic methods would be beneficial. We collected gene expression profiles of 169 kidney biopsies taken from BKVN, rejection, and stable functioning allografts, based on single sample gene set enrichment analysis and random forest algorithm, and three hallmark activities associated with DNA damage and proliferation were found to be relatively specific in BKVN. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and support vector machines (SVM) algorithm identified RBBP7 as a robust and promising biomarker with high accuracy in both training and validation cohorts (AUC =0.938, 0.977, respectively). Besides, potential drugs for BKVN treatment such as mepacrine were discovered, which may contribute to targeted antiviral therapy and effective patient management rather than simply reducing the doses of immunosuppressive agents in clinical practice. RBBP7 (retinoblastoma binding protein 7) serves as component of serval complexes that regulate chromatin metabolism and functions in affecting DNA replication and controlling cell proliferation. In this research, upregulation of RBBP7 was found to be associated with the higher infiltration of CD8 naïve T, iTreg, and neutrophil cells and the lower amounts of Th1, central memory T, NKT, CD8 T, and dendritic cells. Moreover, the infiltration of Th1, Th17, and NKT cells was steadily different between BKVN and rejection allografts through immune cell assessment. In conclusion, we identified and verified RBBP7 as a molecular biomarker for BKVN diagnosis, which demonstrated great distinguishing ability with allograft rejection and would support clinical decision-making.
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Adapts Antiviral Innate Immunity via Manipulating MALT1. mBio 2022; 13:e0066422. [PMID: 35467421 PMCID: PMC9239189 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00664-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To fulfill virus replication and persistent infection in hosts, viruses have to find ways to compromise innate immunity, including timely impedance on antiviral RNases and inflammatory responses. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major swine pathogen causing immune suppression. MALT1 is a central immune regulator in both innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, MALT1 was confirmed to be induced rapidly upon PRRSV infection and mediate the degradation of two anti-PRRSV RNases, MCPIP1 and N4BP1, relying on its proteolytic activity, consequently facilitating PRRSV replication. Multiple PRRSV nsps, including nsp11, nsp7β, and nsp4, contributed to MALT1 elicitation. Interestingly, the elevated expression of MALT1 began to decrease once intracellular viral expression reached a high enough level. Higher infection dose brought earlier MALT1 inflection. Further, PRRSV nsp6 mediated significant MALT1 degradation via ubiquitination-proteasome pathway. Downregulation of MALT1 suppressed NF-κB signals, leading to the decrease in proinflammatory cytokine expression. In conclusion, MALT1 expression was manipulated by PRRSV in an elaborate manner to antagonize precisely the antiviral effects of host RNases without excessive and continuous activation of inflammatory responses. These findings throw light on the machinery of PRRSV to build homeostasis in infected immune system for viral settlement.
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Liu L, Gao Y, Si Y, Liu B, Liu X, Li G, Wang R. MALT1 in asthma children: A potential biomarker for monitoring exacerbation risk and Th1/Th2 imbalance-mediated inflammation. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24379. [PMID: 35353938 PMCID: PMC9102527 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) participates in the immune-related allergic response and inflammation flare, while its clinical role in asthma children is still unknown. Herein, this study aimed to investigate MALT1 expression, and its correlation with exacerbation risk, T helper (Th)1, Th2 cells (and their secreted cytokines), as well as inflammatory cytokines in asthma children. METHODS Sixty children with asthma exacerbation and 60 children with remission asthma were enrolled in this study; then their blood MALT1, Th1, Th2 cells, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected. Besides, blood MALT1 in another 20 health controls was also determined. RESULTS Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 was highest in children with asthma exacerbation, followed by children with remission asthma, and lowest in health controls (p < 0.001). MALT1 could distinguish children with asthma exacerbation from children with remission asthma (area under the curve (AUC): 0.757, 95% CI: 0.670-0.843). In children with asthma exacerbation, MALT1 was negatively linked with IFN-γ (p = 0.002) and Th1 cells (p = 0.050), but positively related to Th2 cells (p = 0.027) and exhibited a positive correlation trend (without statistical significance) with IL-4 (p = 0.066); meanwhile, MALT1 was positively correlated with exacerbation severity (p = 0.010) and TNF-α (p = 0.003), but not linked with IL-6 (p = 0.096). In children with remission asthma, MALT1 only was negatively associated with Th1 cells (p = 0.023), but positively linked with TNF-α (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 serves as a potential biomarker for monitoring exacerbation risk and Th1/Th2 imbalance-mediated inflammation of asthma children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Si
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Baohuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Guanhui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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7
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Luo Z, Lv L, Li Y, Sui B, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Pei J, Li M, Zhou M, Hooper DC, Fu ZF, Zhao L. Dual Role of Toll-Like Receptor 7 in the Pathogenesis of Rabies Virus in a Mouse Model. J Virol 2020; 94:e00111-20. [PMID: 32102880 PMCID: PMC7163154 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00111-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a fatal encephalitis in humans and other mammals, which continues to present a public health threat in most parts of the world. Our previous study demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is essential in the induction of anti-RABV antibodies via the facilitation of germinal center formation. In the present study, we investigated the role of TLR7 in the pathogenicity of RABV in a mouse model. Using isolated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), we demonstrated that TLR7 is an innate recognition receptor for RABV. When RABV invaded from the periphery, TLR7 detected viral single-stranded RNA and triggered immune responses that limited the virus's entry into the central nervous system (CNS). When RABV had invaded the CNS, its detection by TLR7 led to the production of cytokines and chemokines and an increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, peripheral immune cells, including pDCs, macrophages, neutrophils, and B cells infiltrated the CNS. While this immune response, triggered by TLR7, helped to clear viruses, it also increased neuroinflammation and caused immunopathology in the mouse brain. Our results demonstrate that TLR7 is an innate recognition receptor for RABV, which restricts RABV invasion into the CNS in the early stage of viral infection but also contributes to immunopathology by inducing neuroinflammation.IMPORTANCE Developing targeted treatment for RABV requires understanding the innate immune response to the virus because early virus clearance is essential for preventing the fatality when the infection has progressed to the CNS. Previous studies have revealed that TLR7 is involved in the immune response to RABV. Here, we establish that TLR7 recognizes RABV and facilitates the production of some interferon-stimulated genes. We also demonstrated that when RABV invades into the CNS, TLR7 enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines which contribute to immunopathology in the mouse brain. Taken together, our findings suggest that treatments for RABV must consider the balance between the beneficial and harmful effects of TLR7-triggered immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baokun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yachun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Jacobs KA, André‐Grégoire G, Maghe C, Thys A, Li Y, Harford‐Wright E, Trillet K, Douanne T, Alves Nicolau C, Frénel J, Bidère N, Gavard J. Paracaspase MALT1 regulates glioma cell survival by controlling endo-lysosome homeostasis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102030. [PMID: 31774199 PMCID: PMC6939194 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal forms of adult cancer with a median survival of around 15 months. A potential treatment strategy involves targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC), which constitute a cell autonomous reservoir of aberrant cells able to initiate, maintain, and repopulate the tumor mass. Here, we report that the expression of the paracaspase mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue l (MALT1), a protease previously linked to antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation and B-cell lymphoma survival, inversely correlates with patient probability of survival. The knockdown of MALT1 largely impaired the expansion of patient-derived stem-like cells in vitro, and this could be recapitulated with pharmacological inhibitors, in vitro and in vivo. Blocking MALT1 protease activity increases the endo-lysosome abundance, impairs autophagic flux, and culminates in lysosomal-mediated cell death, concomitantly with mTOR inactivation and dispersion from endo-lysosomes. These findings place MALT1 as a new druggable target involved in glioblastoma and unveil ways to modulate the homeostasis of endo-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Jacobs
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Gwennan André‐Grégoire
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
- Integrated Center for OncologyICOSt. HerblainFrance
| | - Clément Maghe
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - An Thys
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Ying Li
- Tsinghua University‐Peking University Joint Center for Life SciencesTechnology Center for Protein SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Kilian Trillet
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Tiphaine Douanne
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Julie Gavard
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
- Integrated Center for OncologyICOSt. HerblainFrance
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9
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Demeyer A, Skordos I, Driege Y, Kreike M, Hochepied T, Baens M, Staal J, Beyaert R. MALT1 Proteolytic Activity Suppresses Autoimmunity in a T Cell Intrinsic Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1898. [PMID: 31474984 PMCID: PMC6702287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MALT1 is a central signaling component in innate and adaptive immunity by regulating NF-κB and other key signaling pathways in different cell types. Activities of MALT1 are mediated by its scaffold and protease functions. Because of its role in lymphocyte activation and proliferation, inhibition of MALT1 proteolytic activity is of high interest for therapeutic targeting in autoimmunity and certain lymphomas. However, recent studies showing that Malt1 protease-dead knock-in (Malt1-PD) mice suffer from autoimmune disease have somewhat tempered the initial enthusiasm. Although it has been proposed that an imbalance between immune suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) and activated effector CD4+ T cells plays a key role in the autoimmune phenotype of Malt1-PD mice, the specific contribution of MALT1 proteolytic activity in T cells remains unclear. Using T cell-conditional Malt1 protease-dead knock-in (Malt1-PDT) mice, we here demonstrate that MALT1 has a T cell-intrinsic role in regulating the homeostasis and function of thymic and peripheral T cells. T cell-specific ablation of MALT1 proteolytic activity phenocopies mice in which MALT1 proteolytic activity has been genetically inactivated in all cell types. The Malt1-PDT mice have a reduced number of Tregs in the thymus and periphery, although the effect in the periphery is less pronounced compared to full-body Malt1-PD mice, indicating that also other cell types may promote Treg induction in a MALT1 protease-dependent manner. Despite the difference in peripheral Treg number, both T cell-specific and full-body Malt1-PD mice develop ataxia and multi-organ inflammation to a similar extent. Furthermore, reconstitution of the full-body Malt1-PD mice with T cell-specific expression of wild-type human MALT1 eliminated all signs of autoimmunity. Together, these findings establish an important T cell-intrinsic role of MALT1 proteolytic activity in the suppression of autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Demeyer
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Skordos
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marja Kreike
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baens
- Center for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery (CISTIM), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lork M, Staal J, Beyaert R. Ubiquitination and phosphorylation of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome in T cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 340:103877. [PMID: 30514565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen receptor-induced signaling plays an important role in inflammation and immunity. Formation of a CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling complex is a key event in T- and B cell receptor-induced gene expression by regulating NF-κB activation and mRNA stability. Deregulated CARD11, BCL10 or MALT1 expression or CBM signaling have been associated with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer, indicating that CBM formation and function have to be tightly regulated. Over the past years great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of assembly and disassembly of the CBM complex. In this context, several posttranslational modifications play an indispensable role in regulating CBM function and downstream signal transduction. In this review we summarize how the different CBM components as well as their interplay are regulated by protein ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the context of T cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lork
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Meloni L, Verstrepen L, Kreike M, Staal J, Driege Y, Afonina IS, Beyaert R. Mepazine Inhibits RANK-Induced Osteoclastogenesis Independent of Its MALT1 Inhibitory Function. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123144. [PMID: 30513612 PMCID: PMC6320945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is an intracellular cysteine protease (paracaspase) that plays an integral role in innate and adaptive immunity. The phenothiazine mepazine has been shown to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MALT1 and is frequently used to study its biological role. MALT1 has recently been suggested as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we analyzed the effect of mepazine on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK)-induced osteoclastogenesis. The treatment of mouse bone marrow precursor cells with mepazine strongly inhibited the RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of osteoclasts, as well as the expression of several osteoclast markers, such as TRAP, cathepsin K, and calcitonin. However, RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis equally well in bone marrow cells derived from wild-type and Malt1 knock-out mice. Furthermore, the protective effect of mepazine was not affected by MALT1 deficiency. Additionally, the absence of MALT1 did not affect RANK-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation. Overall, these studies demonstrate that MALT1 is not essential for RANK-induced osteoclastogenesis, and implicate a MALT1-independent mechanism of action of mepazine that should be taken into account in future studies using this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meloni
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Verstrepen
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marja Kreike
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Inhibition of MALT1 Decreases Neuroinflammation and Pathogenicity of Virulent Rabies Virus in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00720-18. [PMID: 30158289 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00720-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus is a neurovirulent RNA virus, which causes about 59,000 human deaths each year. Treatment for rabies does not exist due to incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis. MALT1 mediates activation of several immune cell types and is involved in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. MALT1 acts as a scaffold protein for NF-κB signaling and a cysteine protease that cleaves substrates, leading to the expression of immunoregulatory genes. Here, we examined the impact of genetic or pharmacological MALT1 inhibition in mice on disease development after infection with the virulent rabies virus strain CVS-11. Morbidity and mortality were significantly delayed in Malt1 -/- compared to Malt1 +/+ mice, and this effect was associated with lower viral load, proinflammatory gene expression, and infiltration and activation of immune cells in the brain. Specific deletion of Malt1 in T cells also delayed disease development, while deletion in myeloid cells, neuronal cells, or NK cells had no effect. Disease development was also delayed in mice treated with the MALT1 protease inhibitor mepazine and in knock-in mice expressing a catalytically inactive MALT1 mutant protein, showing an important role of MALT1 proteolytic activity. The described protective effect of MALT1 inhibition against infection with a virulent rabies virus is the precise opposite of the sensitizing effect of MALT1 inhibition that we previously observed in the case of infection with an attenuated rabies virus strain. Together, these data demonstrate that the role of immunoregulatory responses in rabies pathogenicity is dependent on virus virulence and reveal the potential of MALT1 inhibition for therapeutic intervention.IMPORTANCE Rabies virus is a neurotropic RNA virus that causes encephalitis and still poses an enormous challenge to animal and public health. Efforts to establish reliable therapeutic strategies have been unsuccessful and are hampered by gaps in the understanding of virus pathogenicity. MALT1 is an intracellular protease that mediates the activation of several innate and adaptive immune cells in response to multiple receptors, and therapeutic MALT1 targeting is believed to be a valid approach for autoimmunity and MALT1-addicted cancers. Here, we study the impact of MALT1 deficiency on brain inflammation and disease development in response to infection of mice with the highly virulent CVS-11 rabies virus. We demonstrate that pharmacological or genetic MALT1 inhibition decreases neuroinflammation and extends the survival of CVS-11-infected mice, providing new insights in the biology of MALT1 and rabies virus infection.
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Ze L, Zonglin L, Ya'Nan W, Shaohui S, Huijuan Y, Wei C, Li W, Liao G. Application of a novel nanoemulsion adjuvant for rabies vaccine which stabilizes a Krebs cycle intermediate (SDH) in an animal model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:388-396. [PMID: 30299210 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1531966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is the most lethal zoonotic, vaccine-preventable viral disease in the world. Its treatment is complicated by insufficient vaccine supply and the requirement for four to five repeated injections, as commercially available inactivated rabies lack adjuvant and have low immunogenicity. In this study, we focused on the role of a Krebs cycle intermediate, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), in the innate immune response to cytokine production. We formulated a novel nanoemulsion adjuvant, Golden03, which stabilizes mouse SDH activity and contains more coenzyme Q10 and succinic acid than the classic MF59 adjuvant. Mice were immunized on days 1, 3, and 7, with seroconversion rate results suggesting that Golden03 significantly enhanced vaccine-stimulated antibody production against the rabies virus. Neutralizing antibody concentration testing by RFFIT indicated that treatment with Golden03 could result in antibody levels of up to 0.74 IU/mL 5 days post infection (DPI). ELISPOT for IFN-γ in mouse spleen cells showed that Golden03 enhanced immune responses at 14 DPI, inducing a rapid and powerful cellular response compared to the control group. Furthermore, the Vaccine-Golden03 group displayed no obvious weight loss or death after intracranial injection with CVS-11. An additional advantage is that Golden03 allowed for a three-quarter reduction in dose, while maintaining its efficacy and rapid stimulation effect. We suggest that Golden03 could be developed as a potential adjuvant for use in human rabies vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ze
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zonglin
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Ya'Nan
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Song Shaohui
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Huijuan
- b The Sixth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Wei
- c The Fourth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- d The Regulatory Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
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