1
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Seo D, Brito Oliveira S, Rex EA, Ye X, Rice LM, da Fonseca FG, Gammon DB. Poxvirus A51R proteins regulate microtubule stability and antagonize a cell-intrinsic antiviral response. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113882. [PMID: 38457341 PMCID: PMC11023057 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous viruses alter host microtubule (MT) networks during infection, but how and why they induce these changes is unclear in many cases. We show that the vaccinia virus (VV)-encoded A51R protein is a MT-associated protein (MAP) that directly binds MTs and stabilizes them by both promoting their growth and preventing their depolymerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that A51R-MT interactions are conserved across A51R proteins from multiple poxvirus genera, and highly conserved, positively charged residues in A51R proteins mediate these interactions. Strikingly, we find that viruses encoding MT interaction-deficient A51R proteins fail to suppress a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent antiviral response in macrophages that leads to a block in virion morphogenesis. Moreover, A51R-MT interactions are required for VV virulence in mice. Collectively, our data show that poxviral MAP-MT interactions overcome a cell-intrinsic antiviral ROS response in macrophages that would otherwise block virus morphogenesis and replication in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Seo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sabrynna Brito Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Emily A Rex
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xuecheng Ye
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke M Rice
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Don B Gammon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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2
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Boys IN, Johnson AG, Quinlan MR, Kranzusch PJ, Elde NC. Structural homology screens reveal host-derived poxvirus protein families impacting inflammasome activity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112878. [PMID: 37494187 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses acquire host genes via horizontal transfer and can express them to manipulate host biology during infections. Some homologs retain sequence identity, but evolutionary divergence can obscure host origins. We use structural modeling to compare vaccinia virus proteins with metazoan proteomes. We identify vaccinia A47L as a homolog of gasdermins, the executioners of pyroptosis. An X-ray crystal structure of A47 confirms this homology, and cell-based assays reveal that A47 interferes with caspase function. We also identify vaccinia C1L as the product of a cryptic gene fusion event coupling a Bcl-2-related fold with a pyrin domain. C1 associates with components of the inflammasome, a cytosolic innate immune sensor involved in pyroptosis, yet paradoxically enhances inflammasome activity, suggesting differential modulation during infections. Our findings demonstrate the increasing power of structural homology screens to reveal proteins with unique combinations of domains that viruses capture from host genes and combine in unique ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian N Boys
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Alex G Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meghan R Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nels C Elde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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3
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Qudus MS, Cui X, Tian M, Afaq U, Sajid M, Qureshi S, Liu S, Ma J, Wang G, Faraz M, Sadia H, Wu K, Zhu C. The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1196699. [PMID: 37533932 PMCID: PMC10391643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1196699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox's advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, with most of them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, with 40 occurring in areas that had never before recorded monkeypox and the remaining 13 appearing in the regions that had previously reported the disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest that the 2022 monkeypox virus is part of the West African clade; the virus can be transmitted from person to person through direct interaction with lesions during sexual activity. It is still unknown if monkeypox can be transmitted via sexual contact or, more particularly, through infected body fluids. This most recent epidemic's reservoir host, or principal carrier, is still a mystery. Rodents found in Africa can be the possible intermediate host. Instead, the CDC has confirmed that there are currently no particular treatments for monkeypox virus infection in 2022; however, antivirals already in the market that are successful against smallpox may mitigate the spread of monkeypox. To protect against the disease, the JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) smallpox vaccine can be given. The spread of monkeypox can be slowed through measures such as post-exposure immunization, contact tracing, and improved case diagnosis and isolation. Final Thoughts: The latest monkeypox epidemic is a new hazard during the COVID-19 epidemic. The prevailing condition of the monkeypox epidemic along with coinfection with COVID-19 could pose a serious condition for clinicians that could lead to the global epidemic community in the form of coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Qudus
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Uzair Afaq
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts Worcester, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sonia Qureshi
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - June Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Faraz
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Boys IN, Johnson AG, Quinlan M, Kranzusch PJ, Elde NC. Structural homology screens reveal poxvirus-encoded proteins impacting inflammasome-mediated defenses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.26.529821. [PMID: 36909515 PMCID: PMC10002665 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.26.529821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses acquire host genes via horizontal gene transfer and can express them to manipulate host biology during infections. Some viral and host homologs retain sequence identity, but evolutionary divergence can obscure host origins. We used structural modeling to compare vaccinia virus proteins with metazoan proteomes. We identified vaccinia A47L as a homolog of gasdermins, the executioners of pyroptosis. An X-ray crystal structure of A47 confirmed this homology and cell-based assays revealed that A47 inhibits pyroptosis. We also identified vaccinia C1L as the product of a cryptic gene fusion event coupling a Bcl-2 related fold with a pyrin domain. C1 associates with components of the inflammasome, a cytosolic innate immune sensor involved in pyroptosis, yet paradoxically enhances inflammasome activity, suggesting a benefit to poxvirus replication in some circumstances. Our findings demonstrate the potential of structural homology screens to reveal genes that viruses capture from hosts and repurpose to benefit viral fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian N. Boys
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815, USA
| | - Alex G. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Meghan Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815, USA
| | - Philip J. Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nels C. Elde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, 20815, USA
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5
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Zhang RR, Wang ZJ, Zhu YL, Tang W, Zhou C, Zhao SQ, Wu M, Ming T, Deng YQ, Chen Q, Jin NY, Ye Q, Li X, Qin CF. Rational development of multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates against mpox. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2192815. [PMID: 36947428 PMCID: PMC10071941 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The re-emerging mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV), a member of Orthopoxvirus genus together with variola virus (VARV) and vaccinia virus (VACV), has led to public health emergency of international concern since July, 2022. Inspired by the unprecedent success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines, the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine against MPXV is of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we rationally constructed and prepared a panel of multicomponent MPXV vaccine candidates encoding different combinations of viral antigens including M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R and B6R. In vitro and in vivo characterization demonstrated that two immunizations of all mRNA vaccine candidates elicit a robust antibody response as well as antigen specific Th1-biased cellular response in mice. Importantly, the penta- and tetra-component vaccine candidates AR-MPXV5 and AR-MPXV4a showed superior capability of inducing neutralizing antibodies as well as of protecting from VACV challenge in mice. Our study provides critical insights to understand the protection mechanism of MPXV infection and direct evidence supporting further clinical development of these multicomponent mRNA vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zheng-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Academicians Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Suo-Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Mei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tao Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
- Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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6
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Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Poxviruses and the immune system: Implications for monkeypox virus. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109364. [PMID: 36283221 PMCID: PMC9598838 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses (PXVs) are mostly known for the variola virus, being the cause of smallpox; however, re-emerging PXVs have also shown a great capacity to develop outbreaks of pox-like infections in humans. The situation is alarming; PXV outbreaks have been involving both endemic and non-endemic areas in recent decades. Stopped smallpox vaccination is a reason offered mainly for this changing epidemiology that implies the protective role of immunity in the pathology of PXV infections. The immune system recognizes PXVs and elicits responses, but PXVs can antagonize these responses. Here, we briefly review the immunology of PXV infections, with emphasis on the role of pattern-recognition receptors, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the early response to PXV infections and PXVs’ strategies influencing these responses, as well as taking a glance at other immune cells, which discussion over them mainly occurs in association with PXV immunization rather than PXV infection. Throughout the review, numerous evasion mechanisms are highlighted, which might have implications for designing specific immunotherapies for PXV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Mucker EM, Shamblin JD, Goff AJ, Bell TM, Reed C, Twenhafel NA, Chapman J, Mattix M, Alves D, Garry RF, Hensley LE. Evaluation of Virulence in Cynomolgus Macaques Using a Virus Preparation Enriched for the Extracellular Form of Monkeypox Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091993. [PMID: 36146799 PMCID: PMC9505131 DOI: 10.3390/v14091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2022 global human monkeypox outbreak emphasizes the importance of maintaining poxvirus research, including enriching a basic understanding of animal models for developing and advancing therapeutics and vaccines. Intravenous administration of monkeypox virus in macaques is arguably one of the best animal models for evaluating the efficacy of medical countermeasures. Here we addressed one criticism of the model, a requirement for a high-titer administration of virus, as well as improving our understanding of monkeypox virus pathogenesis. To do so, we infected macaques with a challenge dose containing a characterized inoculum enriched for the extracellular form of monkeypox virus. Although there were some differences between diseases caused by the enriched preparation compared with a relatively similar unpurified preparation, we were unable to reduce the viral input with the enriched preparation and maintain severe disease. We found that inherent factors contained within the serum of nonhuman primate blood affect the stability of the monkeypox extracellular virions. As a first step to study a role of the extracellular form in transmission, we also showed the presence of this form in the oropharyngeal swabs from nonhuman primates exposed to monkeypox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Mucker
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Josh D. Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Arthur J. Goff
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Todd M. Bell
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher Reed
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nancy A. Twenhafel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jennifer Chapman
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marc Mattix
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Pathology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Derron Alves
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Unit, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA
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8
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Lum FM, Torres-Ruesta A, Tay MZ, Lin RTP, Lye DC, Rénia L, Ng LFP. Monkeypox: disease epidemiology, host immunity and clinical interventions. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:597-613. [PMID: 36064780 PMCID: PMC9443635 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), which causes disease in humans, has for many years been restricted to the African continent, with only a handful of sporadic cases in other parts of the world. However, unprecedented outbreaks of monkeypox in non-endemic regions have recently taken the world by surprise. In less than 4 months, the number of detected MPXV infections has soared to more than 48,000 cases, recording a total of 13 deaths. In this Review, we discuss the clinical, epidemiological and immunological features of MPXV infections. We also highlight important research questions and new opportunities to tackle the ongoing monkeypox outbreak. In this Review, Ng and colleagues examine the clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections, with a focus on mechanisms of host immunity to MPXV. The authors also consider the unique epidemiological and pathological characteristics of the current non-endemic outbreak of the virus and discuss vaccines, therapeutics and outstanding research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Moon Lum
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Z Tay
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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9
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Stereotactic body radiation combined with oncolytic vaccinia virus induces potent anti-tumor effect by triggering tumor cell necroptosis and DAMPs. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:149-161. [PMID: 34606928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an integral part of cancer therapy. With the emergence of oncolytic vaccinia virus immunotherapy, it is important to study the combination of radiation and vaccinia virus in cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of and immune mechanisms underlying the combination of high-dose hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and oncolytic vaccinia virus in preclinical murine models. The combination enhanced the in vivo anti-tumor effect and increased the numbers of splenic CD4+Ki-67+ helper T lymphocytes and CD8+Ki-67+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Combinational therapy also increased tumor-infiltrating CD3+CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but decreased tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. In addition, SBRT combined with oncolytic vaccinia virus enhanced in vitro cell death, partly through necroptosis, and subsequent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and shifted the macrophage M1/M2 ratio. We concluded that SBRT combined with oncolytic vaccinia virus can trigger tumor cell necroptosis and modify macrophages through the release of DAMPs, and then generate potent anti-tumor immunity and effects. Thus, combined therapy is potentially an important strategy for clinical cancer therapy.
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10
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Huttunen M, Samolej J, Evans RJ, Yakimovich A, White IJ, Kriston-Vizi J, Martin-Serrano J, Sundquist WI, Frickel EM, Mercer J. Vaccinia virus hijacks ESCRT-mediated multivesicular body formation for virus egress. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202000910. [PMID: 34145027 PMCID: PMC8321658 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus extracellular virions are critical for virus virulence. This study shows that multivesicular bodies serve as a major cellular source of membrane for their formation and spread. Poxvirus egress is a complex process whereby cytoplasmic single membrane–bound virions are wrapped in a cell-derived double membrane. These triple-membrane particles, termed intracellular enveloped virions (IEVs), are released from infected cells by fusion. Whereas the wrapping double membrane is thought to be derived from virus-modified trans-Golgi or early endosomal cisternae, the cellular factors that regulate virus wrapping remain largely undefined. To identify cell factors required for this process the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), was subjected to an RNAi screen directed against cellular membrane-trafficking proteins. Focusing on the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), we demonstrate that ESCRT-III and VPS4 are required for packaging of virus into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). EM-based characterization of MVB-IEVs showed that they account for half of IEV production indicating that MVBs are a second major source of VACV wrapping membrane. These data support a model whereby, in addition to cisternae-based wrapping, VACV hijacks ESCRT-mediated MVB formation to facilitate virus egress and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moona Huttunen
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jerzy Samolej
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert J Evans
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Artur Yakimovich
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian J White
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jason Mercer
- Medical Research Council-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Primary Human B Cells at Different Differentiation and Maturation Stages Exhibit Distinct Susceptibilities to Vaccinia Virus Binding and Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00973-19. [PMID: 31292245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00973-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypical member of the poxvirus family, was used as a live-virus vaccine to eradicate smallpox worldwide and has recently received considerable attention because of its potential as a prominent vector for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases and as an oncolytic virus for cancer therapy. Studies have demonstrated that VACV exhibits an extremely strong bias for binding to and infection of primary human antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. However, very few studies have assessed the interactions of VACV with primary human B cells, a main type of professional APCs. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of primary human peripheral B cells at various differentiation and maturation stages to VACV binding, infection, and replication. We found that plasmablasts were resistant to VACV binding, while other B subsets, including transitional, mature naive, memory, and plasma cells, were highly susceptible to VACV binding. VACV binding preference was likely associated with differential expression of chemokine receptors, particularly CXCR5. Infection studies showed that plasmablast, plasma, transitional, and mature naive B cells were resistant to VACV infection, while memory B cells were preferentially infected. VACV infection in ex vivo B cells was abortive, which occurred at the stage of late viral gene expression. In contrast, activated B cells were permissive to productive VACV infection. Thus, primary human B cells at different differentiation stages exhibit distinct susceptibilities to VACV binding and infection, and the infections are abortive and productive in ex vivo and activated B cells, respectively.IMPORTANCE Our results provide critical information to the field of poxvirus binding and infection tropism. We demonstrate that VACV preferentially infects memory B cells that play an important role in a rapid and vigorous antibody-mediated immune response upon reinfection by a pathogen. Additionally, this work highlights the potential of B cells as natural cellular models to identify VACV receptors or dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of the VACV life cycle, such as binding, penetration, entry, and replication in primary human cells. The understanding of VACV biology in human primary cells is essential for the development of a safe and effective live-virus vector for oncolytic virus therapy and vaccines against smallpox, other pathogens, and cancer.
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Schneider KM, Watson NB, Minchenberg SB, Massa PT. The influence of macrophage growth factors on Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) infection and activation of macrophages. Cytokine 2017; 102:83-93. [PMID: 28800924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are common targets for infection and innate immune activation by many pathogenic viruses including the neurotropic Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV). As both infection and innate activation of macrophages are key determinants of viral pathogenesis especially in the central nervous system (CNS), an analysis of macrophage growth factors on these events was performed. C3H mouse bone-marrow cells were differentiated in culture using either recombinant macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), inoculated with TMEV (BeAn) and analyzed at various times thereafter. Cytokine RNA and protein analysis, virus titers, and flow cytometry were performed to characterize virological parameters under these culture conditions. GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages showed higher levels of TMEV viral RNA and proinflammatory molecules compared to infected M-CSF-differentiated cells. Thus, GM-CSF increases both TMEV infection and TMEV-induced activation of macrophages compared to that seen with M-CSF. Moreover, while infectious viral particles decreased from a peak at 12h to undetectable levels at 48h post infection, TMEV viral RNA remained higher in GM-CSF- compared to M-CSF-differentiated macrophages in concert with increased proinflammatory gene expression. Analysis of a possible basis for these differences determined that glycolytic rates contributed to heightened virus replication and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in GM-CSF compared to M-CSF-differentiated macrophages. In conclusion, we provide evidence implicating a role for GM-CSF in promoting virus replication and proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, indicating that GM-CSF may be a key factor for TMEV infection and the induction of chronic TMEV-induced immunopathogenesis in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Neva B Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Scott B Minchenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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SOCS molecules: the growing players in macrophage polarization and function. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60710-60722. [PMID: 28948005 PMCID: PMC5601173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of macrophage polarization is defined in terms of macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity. Cytokines signals are thought to be required for the polarization of macrophage populations toward different phenotypes at different stages in development, homeostasis and disease. The suppressors of cytokine signaling family of proteins contribute to the magnitude and duration of cytokines signaling, which ultimately control the subtle adjustment of the balance between divergent macrophage phenotypes. This review highlights the specific roles and mechanisms of various cytokines family and their negative regulators link to the macrophage polarization programs. Eventually, breakthrough in the identification of these molecules will provide the novel therapeutic approaches for a host of diseases by targeting macrophage phenotypic shift.
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Tian T, Jin MQ, Dubin K, King SL, Hoetzenecker W, Murphy GF, Chen CA, Kupper TS, Fuhlbrigge RC. IL-1R Type 1-Deficient Mice Demonstrate an Impaired Host Immune Response against Cutaneous Vaccinia Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4341-4351. [PMID: 28468973 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and receptors has been studied extensively. However, the specific roles of IL-1 elements in host immunity to cutaneous viral infection remain elusive. In this study, we applied vaccinia virus (VACV) by scarification to IL-1R1 knockout mice (IL-1R1-/-) and found that these mice developed markedly larger lesions with higher viral genome copies in skin than did wild-type mice. The phenotype of infected IL-1R1-/- mice was similar to eczema vaccinatum, a severe side effect of VACV vaccination that may develop in humans with atopic dermatitis. Interestingly, the impaired cutaneous response of IL-1R1-/- mice did not reflect a systemic immune deficiency, because immunized IL-1R1-/- mice survived subsequent lethal VACV intranasal challenge, or defects of T cell activation or T cell homing to the site of inoculation. Histologic evaluation revealed that VACV infection and replication after scarification were limited to the epidermal layer of wild-type mice, whereas lack of IL-1R1 permitted extension of VACV infection into dermal layers of the skin. We explored the etiology of this discrepancy and determined that IL-1R1-/- mice contained significantly more macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in the dermis after VACV scarification. These cells were vulnerable to VACV infection and may augment the transmission of virus to adjacent skin, thus leading to larger skin lesions and satellite lesions in IL-1R1-/- mice. These results suggest new therapeutic strategies for treatment of eczema vaccinatum and inform assessment of risks in patients receiving IL-1 blocking Abs for treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
| | | | - Krista Dubin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sandra L King
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wolfram Hoetzenecker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Ziem B, Thien H, Achazi K, Yue C, Stern D, Silberreis K, Gholami MF, Beckert F, Gröger D, Mülhaupt R, Rabe JP, Nitsche A, Haag R. Highly Efficient Multivalent 2D Nanosystems for Inhibition of Orthopoxvirus Particles. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2922-2930. [PMID: 27581958 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient inhibition of cell-pathogen interaction to prevent subsequent infection is an urgent but yet unsolved problem. In this study, the synthesis and functionalization of novel multivalent 2D carbon nanosystems as well as their antiviral efficacy in vitro are shown. For this reason, a new multivalent 2D flexible carbon architecture is developed in this study, functionalized with sulfated dendritic polyglycerol, to enable virus interaction. A simple "graft from" approach enhances the solubility of thermally reduced graphene oxide and provides a suitable 2D surface for multivalent ligand presentation. Polysulfation is used to mimic the heparan sulfate-containing surface of cells and to compete with this natural binding site of viruses. In correlation with the degree of sulfation and the grafted polymer density, the interaction efficiency of these systems can be varied. In here, orthopoxvirus strains are used as model viruses as they use heparan sulfate for cell entry as other viruses, e.g., herpes simplex virus, dengue virus, or cytomegalovirus. The characterization results of the newly designed graphene derivatives demonstrate excellent binding as well as efficient inhibition of orthopoxvirus infection. Overall, these new multivalent 2D polymer nanosystems are promising candidates to develop potent inhibitors for viruses, which possess a heparan sulfate-dependent cell entry mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziem
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hendrik Thien
- Institute of Virology; University of Leipzig; 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Constanze Yue
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Fabian Beckert
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominic Gröger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen P. Rabe
- Institute for Physics and IRIS Adlershof; Humboldt-Universität Berlin; 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute; Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens; 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität; 14195 Berlin Germany
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Amet T, Lan J, Shepherd N, Yang K, Byrd D, Xing Y, Yu Q. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Deficiency Attenuates the Production of Infectious HIV-1 and Renders Virions Sensitive to Complement Attack. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:1100-1112. [PMID: 27231035 PMCID: PMC5067833 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) escapes complement-mediated lysis (CML) by incorporating host regulators of complement activation (RCA) into its envelope. CD59, a key member of RCA, is incorporated into HIV-1 virions at levels that protect against CML. Since CD59 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP), we used GPI anchor-deficient Jurkat cells (Jurkat-7) that express intracellular CD59, but not surface CD59, to study the molecular mechanisms underlying CD59 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and the role of host proteins in virus replication. Compared to Jurkat cells, Jurkat-7 cells were less supportive to HIV-1 replication and more sensitive to CML. Jurkat-7 cells exhibited similar capacities of HIV-1 binding and entry to Jurkat cells, but were less supportive to viral RNA and DNA biosynthesis as infected Jurkat-7 cells produced reduced amounts of HIV-1 RNA and DNA. HIV-1 virions produced from Jurkat-7 cells were CD59 negative, suggesting that viral particles acquire CD59, and probably other host proteins, from the cell membrane rather than intracellular compartments. As a result, CD59-negative virions were sensitive to CML. Strikingly, these virions exhibited reduced activity of virus binding and were less infectious, implicating that GPI-APs may be also important in ensuring the integrity of HIV-1 particles. Transient expression of the PIG-A gene restored CD59 expression on the surface of Jurkat-7 cells. After HIV-1 infection, the restored CD59 was colocalized with viral envelope glycoprotein gp120/gp41 within lipid rafts, which is identical to that on infected Jurkat cells. Thus, HIV-1 virions acquire RCA from the cell surface, likely lipid rafts, to escape CML and ensure viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohti Amet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Center for AIDS Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Center for AIDS Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicole Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Center for AIDS Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kai Yang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daniel Byrd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Center for AIDS Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yanyan Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Center for AIDS Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana Center for AIDS Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Cush SS, Reynoso GV, Kamenyeva O, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW, Hickman HD. Locally Produced IL-10 Limits Cutaneous Vaccinia Virus Spread. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005493. [PMID: 26991092 PMCID: PMC4798720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin infection with the poxvirus vaccinia (VV) elicits a powerful, inflammatory cellular response that clears virus infection in a coordinated, spatially organized manner. Given the high concentration of pro-inflammatory effectors at areas of viral infection, it is unclear how tissue pathology is limited while virus-infected cells are being eliminated. To better understand the spatial dynamics of the anti-inflammatory response to a cutaneous viral infection, we first screened cytokine mRNA expression levels after epicutaneous (ec.) VV infection and found a large increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Ex vivo analyses revealed that T cells in the skin were the primary IL-10-producing cells. To understand the distribution of IL-10-producing T cells in vivo, we performed multiphoton intravital microscopy (MPM) of VV-infected mice, assessing the location and dynamic behavior of IL-10 producing cells. Although virus-specific T cells were distributed throughout areas of the inflamed skin lacking overt virus-infection, IL-10+ cells closely associated with large keratinocytic foci of virus replication where they exhibited similar motility patterns to bulk antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Paradoxically, neutralizing secreted IL-10 in vivo with an anti-IL-10 antibody increased viral lesion size and viral replication. Additional analyses demonstrated that IL-10 antibody administration decreased recruitment of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, which were important for reducing viral burden in the infected skin. Based upon these findings, we conclude that spatially concentrated IL-10 production limits cutaneous viral replication and dissemination, likely through modulation of the innate immune repertoire at the site of viral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Cush
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Glennys V. Reynoso
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack R. Bennink
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Orf virus IL-10 reduces monocyte, dendritic cell and mast cell recruitment to inflamed skin. Virus Res 2016; 213:230-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Alidjinou EK, Sané F, Trauet J, Copin MC, Hober D. Coxsackievirus B4 Can Infect Human Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophages. Viruses 2015; 7:6067-79. [PMID: 26610550 PMCID: PMC4664995 DOI: 10.3390/v7112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond acute infections, group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are also reported to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, like type 1 diabetes. The viral pathogenesis mainly relies on the interplay between the viruses and innate immune response in genetically-susceptible individuals. We investigated the interaction between CVB4 and macrophages considered as major players in immune response. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF were inoculated with CVB4, and infection, inflammation, viral replication and persistence were assessed. M-CSF-induced MDM, but not GM-CSF-induced MDM, can be infected by CVB4. In addition, enhancing serum was not needed to infect MDM in contrast with parental monocytes. The expression of viral receptor (CAR) mRNA was similar in both M-CSF and GM-CSF MDM. CVB4 induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) in both MDM populations. CVB4 effectively replicated and persisted in M-CSF MDM, but IFNα was produced in the early phase of infection only. Our results demonstrate that CVB4 can replicate and persist in MDM. Further investigations are required to determine whether the interaction between the virus and MDM plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVB-induced chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Famara Sané
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
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Kober C, Rohn S, Weibel S, Geissinger U, Chen NG, Szalay AA. Microglia and astrocytes attenuate the replication of the oncolytic vaccinia virus LIVP 1.1.1 in murine GL261 gliomas by acting as vaccinia virus traps. J Transl Med 2015; 13:216. [PMID: 26149494 PMCID: PMC4492094 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) which is still a fatal disease. Pathologic features of GBM are characterized by the infiltration with microglia/macrophages and a strong interaction between immune- and glioma cells. The aim of this study was to determine the role of microglia and astrocytes for oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) therapy of GBM. Methods VACV LIVP 1.1.1 replication in C57BL/6 and Foxn1nu/nu mice with and without GL261 gliomas was analyzed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of microglia and astrocytes was investigated in non-, mock-, and LIVP 1.1.1-infected orthotopic GL261 gliomas in C57BL/6 mice. In cell culture studies virus replication and virus-mediated cell death of GL261 glioma cells was examined, as well as in BV-2 microglia and IMA2.1 astrocytes with M1 or M2 phenotypes. Co-culture experiments between BV-2 and GL261 cells and apoptosis/necrosis studies were performed. Organotypic slice cultures with implanted GL261 tumor spheres were used as additional cell culture system. Results We discovered that orthotopic GL261 gliomas upon intracranial virus delivery did not support replication of LIVP 1.1.1, similar to VACV-infected brains without gliomas. In addition, recruitment of Iba1+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocytes to orthotopically implanted GL261 glioma sites occurred already without virus injection. GL261 cells in culture showed high virus replication, while replication in BV-2 and IMA2.1 cells was barely detectable. The reduced viral replication in BV-2 cells might be due to rapid VACV-induced apoptotic cell death. In BV-2 and IMA 2.1 cells with M1 phenotype a further reduction of virus progeny and virus-mediated cell death was detected. Application of BV-2 microglial cells with M1 phenotype onto organotypic slice cultures with implanted GL261 gliomas resulted in reduced infection of BV-2 cells, whereas GL261 cells were well infected. Conclusion Our results indicate that microglia and astrocytes, dependent on their activation state, may preferentially clear viral particles by immediate uptake after delivery. By acting as VACV traps they further reduce efficient virus infection of the tumor cells. These findings demonstrate that glia cells need to be taken into account for successful GBM therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kober
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Rohn
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Weibel
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Geissinger
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, 92109, USA.
| | - Nanhai G Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Rebecca and John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA. .,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, 92109, USA.
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Rebecca and John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA. .,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, 3030 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA, 92109, USA.
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