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Abstract
The exposure of a high-passage clone of Kirsten sarcoma virus transformed Balb/c (K-Balb) mouse cells to tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) enhanced the expression of endogenous xenotropic retrovirus. The tetrapeptide increased the expression of virus that was infectious for rat, but not mouse, cells in a concentration-dependent fashion (0.001-1000 micrograms/ml). Increased virus expression could be achieved during short-term incubations (3-4 hr), with maximum enhancement occurring over longer time periods (16-18 hr). The enhancement of virus expression by tuftsin was proportional to the spontaneous release of virus. The infectivity of the enhanced virus was neutralized by goat anti-RLV gp 70 serum. Actinomycin D inhibited the induction of virus, suggesting that enhanced expression required de novo RNA synthesis. Tuftsin stimulated DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in K-Balb cells during 16-hr incubations. Increased cellular proliferation was also seen at various time periods. The effects observed using K-Balb cells offer an opportunity to study the modulation of gene expression by tuftsin in a fibroblast culture system.
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Harel J, Rassart E, Jolicoeur P. Cell cycle dependence of synthesis of unintegrated viral DNA in mouse cells newly infected with murine leukemia virus. Virology 1981; 110:202-7. [PMID: 7210505 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Emura M, Kano-Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Kojima K, Hanaichi T. Attempts to induce tubular deformations and subsequent mixed tumours from organotypic cultures of mouse renal mesenchyma. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREBSFORSCHUNG UND KLINISCHE ONKOLOGIE. CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1976; 85:39-46. [PMID: 175592 DOI: 10.1007/bf00308127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of expanding knowledge on the pathogenesis of nephroblastomata, an embryological organ culture system (Grobstein, 1956) was tested for its applicability to in vitro carcinogenesis experiments by using murine sarcoma virus (MSV-M) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Treatment of CBA/H-T6 mouse metanephrogenic mesenchyma with MSV-M at the pretubular stage neither disturbed the glomerulogenesis nor induced rapid malignant transformation. Treatment of the same tissues with MCA considerably inhibited the glomerulogenesis but failed to also reduce rapid malignant transformation. However, one MSV-M, one MCA and two untreated cultures showed malignant transformation after prolonged survival in vitro and produced different histological types of tumours upon transplantation into newborn CBA/H-T6 mice.
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Clark JM, Bader JP. Inhibition of development of transformation by Rous sarcoma virus in cultures of high cell density. J Cell Physiol 1974; 83:203-10. [PMID: 4362694 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040830206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Seidel HJ. Hemopoietic stem cells in mice with virus-induced leukemia. II. Studies in C3H mice after Rauscher virus infection. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREBSFORSCHUNG UND KLINISCHE ONKOLOGIE. CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1973; 80:229-37. [PMID: 4272142 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Seidel HJ. [Hemopoietic stem cells in murine viurs-induced leukemia. I. Spleen colony assays in CBA mice after Rauscher virus infection (author's transl)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KREBSFORSCHUNG UND KLINISCHE ONKOLOGIE. CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1973; 79:123-34. [PMID: 4375353 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Tuominen FW, Kenney FT. Inhibition of RNA-directed DNA polymerase from Rauscher leukemia virus by the 5'-triphosphate of cytosine arabinoside. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 48:1469-75. [PMID: 4116692 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bader JP. Metabolic requirements for infection by Rous sarcoma virus. IV. Virus reproduction and cellular transformation without cellular division. Virology 1972; 48:494-501. [PMID: 4337033 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yoshikura H. Effect of 5-fluorouracil on ultraviolet inactivation of virus production by murine sarcoma-leukemia virus complex carrier cells. Virology 1972; 48:193-200. [PMID: 5062856 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Peebles PT, Bassin RH, Haapala DK, Phillips LA, Nomura S, Fischinger PJ. Rescue of murine sarcoma virus from a sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative cell line: requirement for replicating leukemia virus. J Virol 1971; 8:690-4. [PMID: 4332138 PMCID: PMC376248 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.5.690-694.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) "defectiveness" was investigated by employing an MSV-transformed mouse 3T3 cell line which releases noninfectious virus-like particles. Rescue kinetics of MSV, observed after murine leukemia virus (MuLV) superinfection of these "sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative (S + L -)" mouse 3T3 cells, consisted of a 9- to 12-hr eclipse period followed by simultaneous release of both MSV and MuLV with no evidence for release of infectious MSV prior to the production of progeny MuLV. Addition of thymidine to the growth medium of MuLV-superinfected S + L - cells at a concentration suppressing deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis inhibited the replication of MuLV and the rescue of MSV. MSV production closely paralleled MuLV replication under a variety of experimental conditions. These results suggest that replication of MuLV is required for the rescue of infectious MSV from S + L - cells and that one (or more) factor, produced late in the MuLV replicative cycle, is utilized by both viruses during virion assembly. During the course of these experiments, virus stocks were recovered which contained infectious MSV in apparent excess over MuLV. These stocks were used for generating new S + L - cell lines by simple end point dilution procedures.
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Pontén J. Spontaneous and virus induced transformation in cell culture. VIROLOGY MONOGRAPHS. DIE VIRUSFORSCHUNG IN EINZELDARSTELLUNGEN 1971; 8:1-253. [PMID: 4354654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8258-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bader JP, Bader AV. Evidence for a DNA replicative genome for RNA-containing tumor viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:843-50. [PMID: 4331723 PMCID: PMC283282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.2.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The requirement for DNA synthesis in the reproduction of RNA tumor viruses was examined using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Addition of BrdU for the first 12 hr after exposure of cells to Rous sarcoma virus resulted in a large decrease in infectious progeny. However, incorporation of [(3)H]uridine into the viral RNA of virions was unaffected. Also, the numbers of virions visualized by electron microscopy were similar in BrdU-treated and untreated samples. Viral group-specific antigen was synthesized after BrdU treatment, and BrdU had little effect on transformation of cells by Rous sarcoma virus. The results support the hypothesis that the replicative genome of RNA-containing tumor viruses contains DNA.
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Green M, Rokutanda M, Fujinaga K, Ray RK, Rokutanda H, Gurgo C. Mechanism of carcinogenesis by RNA tumor viruses. I. An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in murine sarcoma viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:385-93. [PMID: 4318786 PMCID: PMC283216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.1.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly active and stable DNA polymerase was found in purified preparations of two murine sarcoma viruses. Enzyme activity is not detected in most virus preparations unless they are treated with low concentrations of a nonionic detergent such as Nonidet P-40. The incorporation of labeled thymidine triphosphate requires all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and either Mg(2+) or Mn(2+). Enzyme activity is proportional to virus concentration and is linear with time up to 90 min. That the template is RNA is suggested by the reduction in polymerase activity upon treatment of murine sarcoma virus with RNase, and by the absence of detectable amounts of DNA in the virus. That the product is DNA is shown by the incorporation of all four deoxyribo-nucleoside triphosphates into an acid-insoluble product which is stable in alkali, is destroyed by DNase, sediments in alkaline sucrose gradients with a sedimentation coefficient of 7 S, and bands in isopycnic CsCl gradients with a mean buoyant density of 1.700.
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Murray RK, Temin HM. Carcinogenesis by RNA sarcoma viruses. XIV. Infection of stationary cultures with murine sarcoma virus (Harvey). Int J Cancer 1970; 5:320-6. [PMID: 4318031 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910050304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bader JP. Synthesis of the RNA of RNA-containing tumor viruses. I. The interval between synthesis and envelopment. Virology 1970; 40:494-504. [PMID: 4314504 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bader JP, Steck TL, Kakefuda T. The structure of the RNA of RNA-containing tumor viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1970; 51:105-13. [PMID: 5433397 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-46213-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Duesberg PH, Vogt PK. On the role of DNA synthesis in avian tumor virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 64:939-46. [PMID: 4313334 PMCID: PMC223325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.64.3.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preinfection of chick embryo fibroblasts with an avian tumor virus does not eliminate the requirement of early DNA synthesis for other avian tumor viruses superinfecting the same cells several days after the primary inoculum. The function served by the early DNA in avian tumor virus infection either fails to persist into late infection or is genetically specific for each viral type.
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Abstract
Interferon was optimally produced in human peripheral leukocyte cultures incubated for approximately 19 hr in the presence of Sendai virus at a multiplicity of 10 to 50 EID(50)/cell. For determining whether deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis per se was essential for interferon production, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), a potent DNA inhibitor was studied for its effect on interferon production in leukocytic and bone marrow cell cultures. These cells showed no impaired capacity to produce interferon when treated with 15 mug of Ara-C per ml. Interferon yields were also determined in leukocyte cultures treated with actinomycin D (0.1 mug/ml) and puromycin (10 mug/ml) at various times before and after virus inoculation. The data suggested that sequential transcriptive and translational events were required for the de novo synthesis of interferon by the infected leukocytes, in a manner similar to other known virus-induced interferon-producing systems. The synthesis of macromolecules and the effects of antimetabolites in leukocytes and bone marrow cell cultures were followed by measuring the incorporation of thymidine-2-(14)C, uridine-5-(3)H, and L-phenylalanine-1-(14)C. The effect of 0.1 mug of actinomycin per ml on the capacity of leukemic leukocytes to produce interferon was also studied. Preliminary data showed that, in contrast to nonleukemic leukocytes, interferon production by leukemic leukocytes was only partially inhibited by actinomycin.
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Steck TL, Nakata Y, Bader JP. The uptake of nucleosides by cells in culture. I. Inhibition by heterologous nucleosides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 190:237-49. [PMID: 4310861 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nakata Y, Bader JP. The uptake of nucleosides by cells in culture. II. Inhibition by 2-mercapto-1-(beta-4-pyridethyl)benzimidazole. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 190:250-6. [PMID: 4310862 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hirschman SZ, Fischinger PJ, O'Connor TE. The inhibition by cytosine arabinoside of the replication of murine leukemia and sarcoma viruses in mouse embryo cultures. Int J Cancer 1969; 4:671-7. [PMID: 4310640 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Aaronson SA, Hartley JW, Todaro GJ. Mouse leukemia virus: "spontaneous" release by mouse embryo cells after long-term in vitro cultivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 64:87-94. [PMID: 4312755 PMCID: PMC286130 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.64.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BALB/c mouse embryo cells maintained in tissue culture on a schedule of rapid transfer at high cell density develop into tumorigenic lines that have lost contact inhibition of cell division. After several months in culture, certain of these lines begin to release mouse leukemia virus. This virus has properties indistinguishable from those of virus found in adult BALB/c mice. The evidence presented here demonstrates that the murine leukemia virus genome must be present in the original embryo cultures. The possibility that the genetic information for making murine leukemia virus is present in a repressed form in every mouse embryo cell is discussed.
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Bather R, Yang J. Myo-inositol influences release and inactivation of murine sarcoma virus from desiccated transformed mouse embryo cells. Nature 1969; 222:589. [PMID: 5812421 DOI: 10.1038/222589a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Todaro GJ, Aaronson SA. Properties of clonal lines of murine sarcoma virus transformed Balb-3T3 cells. Virology 1969; 38:174-9. [PMID: 4306523 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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