1
|
Liu X, Li Z, Li X, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Su W, Feng Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Sun X, Wang N, Ye X, Zhou Z, Liu W, He J, Wang W, Qu L, Zhou R, Chen L, Feng L. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies protect against human adenovirus type 55 infection in transgenic mice and tree shrews. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2307513. [PMID: 38240267 PMCID: PMC10836490 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Re-emerging human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) has become a significant threat to public health due to its widespread circulation and the association with severe pneumonia, but an effective anti-HAdV55 agent remains unavailable. Herein, we report the generation of macaque-derived, human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protecting against HAdV55 infection with high potency. Using fluorophore-labelled HAdV55 virions as probes, we isolated specific memory B cells from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were immunized twice with an experimental vaccine based on E1-, E3-deleted, replication-incompetent HAdV55. We cloned a total of 19 neutralizing mAbs, nine of which showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations below 1.0 ng/ml. These mAbs recognized the hyper-variable-region (HVR) 1, 2, or 7 of viral hexon protein, or the fibre knob. In transgenic mice expressing human desmoglein-2, the major cellular receptor for HAdV55, a single intraperitoneal injection with hexon-targeting mAbs efficiently prevented HAdV55 infection, and mAb 29C12 showed protection at a dose as low as 0.004 mg/kg. Fibre-targeting mAb 28E8, however, showed protection only at a dose up to 12.5 mg/kg. In tree shrews that are permissive for HAdV55 infection and disease, mAb 29C12 effectively prevented HAdV55-caused pneumonia. Further analysis revealed that fibre-targeting mAbs blocked the attachment of HAdV55 to host cells, whereas hexon-targeting mAbs, regardless of their targeting HVRs, mainly functioned at post-attachment stage via inhibiting viral endosomal escape. Our results indicate that hexon-targeting mAbs have great anti-HAdV55 activities and warrant pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xikui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wallace R, Bliss CM, Parker AL. The Immune System-A Double-Edged Sword for Adenovirus-Based Therapies. Viruses 2024; 16:973. [PMID: 38932265 PMCID: PMC11209478 DOI: 10.3390/v16060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic adenovirus (Ad) infections are widespread but typically mild and transient, except in the immunocompromised. As vectors for gene therapy, vaccine, and oncology applications, Ad-based platforms offer advantages, including ease of genetic manipulation, scale of production, and well-established safety profiles, making them attractive tools for therapeutic development. However, the immune system often poses a significant challenge that must be overcome for adenovirus-based therapies to be truly efficacious. Both pre-existing anti-Ad immunity in the population as well as the rapid development of an immune response against engineered adenoviral vectors can have detrimental effects on the downstream impact of an adenovirus-based therapeutic. This review focuses on the different challenges posed, including pre-existing natural immunity and anti-vector immunity induced by a therapeutic, in the context of innate and adaptive immune responses. We summarise different approaches developed with the aim of tackling these problems, as well as their outcomes and potential future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wallace
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Carly M. Bliss
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mendiola Pla M, Bowles DE. Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Organ Transplantation: Considerations and Clinical Translation. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:284-297. [PMID: 38131288 PMCID: PMC11044854 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo machine perfusion (EVMP) is rapidly growing in utility during solid organ transplantation. This form of organ preservation is transforming how organs are allocated and expanding the definition of what is considered a suitable organ for transplantation in comparison with traditional static cold storage. All major organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney) have been influenced by this advanced method of organ preservation. This technology also serves as an unprecedented platform for effective administration of advanced therapeutics, including gene therapies, during organ transplantation to optimize and recondition organs ex vivo in an isolated manner. Applying gene therapy interventions through EVMP introduces different considerations and challenges that are unique from gene therapies designed for systemic administration. Considerations involving vector (choice, dose, toxicity), perfusate composition, and perfusion circuit components should be evaluated when developing a gene therapy to administer in this setting. This review explores these aspects and discusses clinical applications in transplantation where gene therapy interventions can be developed relevant to heart, lung, liver, and kidney donor grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mendiola Pla
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Minskaia E, Galieva A, Egorov AD, Ivanov R, Karabelsky A. Viral Vectors in Gene Replacement Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2157-2178. [PMID: 38462459 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the years, several hundred million people with rare genetic disorders have been receiving only symptom management therapy. However, research and development efforts worldwide have led to the development of long-lasting, highly efficient, and safe gene therapy for a wide range of hereditary diseases. Improved viral vectors are now able to evade the preexisting immunity and more efficiently target and transduce therapeutically relevant cells, ensuring genome maintenance and expression of transgenes at the relevant levels. Hematological, ophthalmological, neurodegenerative, and metabolic therapeutic areas have witnessed successful treatment of hemophilia and muscular dystrophy, restoration of immune system in children with immunodeficiencies, and restoration of vision. This review focuses on three leading vector platforms of the past two decades: adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), adenoviruses (AdVs), and lentiviruses (LVs). Special attention is given to successful preclinical and clinical studies that have led to the approval of gene therapies: six AAV-based (Glybera® for lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Luxturna® for retinal dystrophy, Zolgensma® for spinal muscular atrophy, Upstaza® for AADC, Roctavian® for hemophilia A, and Hemgenix® for hemophilia B) and three LV-based (Libmeldy® for infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy, Zynteglo® for β-thalassemia, and Skysona® for ALD). The review also discusses the problems that arise in the development of gene therapy treatments, which, nevertheless, do not overshadow the successes of already developed gene therapies and the hope these treatments give to long-suffering patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Minskaia
- Scientific Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354530, Russia.
| | - Alima Galieva
- Scientific Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354530, Russia
| | - Alexander D Egorov
- Scientific Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354530, Russia
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Scientific Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354530, Russia
| | - Alexander Karabelsky
- Scientific Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354530, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Lu J, Wang R, Huang Y, Yu Y, Du P, Guo J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Cheng K, Zheng T, Yang Z. Humanization and characterization of a murine monoclonal neutralizing antibody against human adenovirus 7. Virology 2023; 583:36-44. [PMID: 37104921 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV7) is commonly associated with febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. We have reported that 10G12, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically recognizing and neutralizing HAdV7, is a promising candidate for humanization. In this study, we engineered the six variants of 10G12 with increased degree of humanization and investigated their biological activity. The humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) 10G12-M2 was shown to retain the parental antibody's high binding affinity, specificity and potent efficacy of viral suppression. The mAb 10G12-M2 recognized a conformational neutralization epitope of the hexon protein. Complex structure-based molecular docking simulation showed that the hexon protein formed several interactions with 10G12-M2, including hydrogen bonds and salt bridges interaction. Physicochemical properties analysis of 10G12-M2 demonstrated that it is stable and desirable lead candidate. In general, 10G12-M2 had excellent biological activity after humanization combined with the potential for use in prophylactic or therapeutic applications against HAdV7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiansheng Lu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Kexuan Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang WC, Sayedahmed EE, Mittal SK. Significance of Preexisting Vector Immunity and Activation of Innate Responses for Adenoviral Vector-Based Therapy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122727. [PMID: 36560730 PMCID: PMC9787786 DOI: 10.3390/v14122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An adenoviral (AdV)-based vector system is a promising platform for vaccine development and gene therapy applications. Administration of an AdV vector elicits robust innate immunity, leading to the development of humoral and cellular immune responses against the vector and the transgene antigen, if applicable. The use of high doses (1011-1013 virus particles) of an AdV vector, especially for gene therapy applications, could lead to vector toxicity due to excessive levels of innate immune responses, vector interactions with blood factors, or high levels of vector transduction in the liver and spleen. Additionally, the high prevalence of AdV infections in humans or the first inoculation with the AdV vector result in the development of vector-specific immune responses, popularly known as preexisting vector immunity. It significantly reduces the vector efficiency following the use of an AdV vector that is prone to preexisting vector immunity. Several approaches have been developed to overcome this problem. The utilization of rare human AdV types or nonhuman AdVs is the primary strategy to evade preexisting vector immunity. The use of heterologous viral vectors, capsid modification, and vector encapsulation are alternative methods to evade vector immunity. The vectors can be optimized for clinical applications with comprehensive knowledge of AdV vector immunity, toxicity, and circumvention strategies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Majhen D. Human adenovirus type 26 basic biology and its usage as vaccine vector. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2338. [PMID: 35278248 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to their nature, adenoviruses have been recognised as promising candidates for vaccine vector development. Since they mimic natural infection, recombinant adenovirus vectors have been proven as ideal shuttles to deliver foreign transgenes aiming at inducing both humoral and cellular immune response. In addition, a potent adjuvant effect can be exerted due to the adenovirus inherent stimulation of various elements of innate and adaptive immunity. Due to its low seroprevalence in humans as well as induction of favourable immune response to inserted transgene, human adenovirus type 26 (HAdV-D26) has been recognised as a promising platform for vaccine vector development and is studied in number of completed or ongoing clinical studies. Very recently HAdV-D26 based Ebola and Covid-19 vaccines were approved for medical use. In this review, current state of the art regarding HAdV-D26 basic biology and its usage as vaccine vector will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sanchez S, Palacio N, Dangi T, Ciucci T, Penaloza-MacMaster P. Fractionating a COVID-19 Ad5-vectored vaccine improves virus-specific immunity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi8635. [PMID: 34648369 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi8635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicole Palacio
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adenovirus Type 6: Subtle Structural Distinctions from Adenovirus Type 5 Result in Essential Differences in Properties and Perspectives for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101641. [PMID: 34683934 PMCID: PMC8540711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors are the most frequently used agents for gene therapy, including oncolytic therapy and vaccine development. It’s hard to overestimate the value of adenoviruses during the COVID-19 pandemic as to date four out of four approved viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed on adenovirus platform. The vast majority of adenoviral vectors are based on the most studied human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5), however, its immunogenicity often hampers the clinical translation of HAdV-C5 vectors. The search of less seroprevalent adenovirus types led to another species C adenovirus, Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6). HAdV-C6 possesses high oncolytic efficacy against multiple cancer types and remarkable ability to induce the immune response towards carrying antigens. Being genetically very close to HAdV-C5, HAdV-C6 differs from HAdV-C5 in structure of the most abundant capsid protein, hexon. This leads to the ability of HAdV-C6 to evade the uptake by Kupffer cells as well as to distinct opsonization by immunoglobulins and other blood proteins, influencing the overall biodistribution of HAdV-C6 after systemic administration. This review describes the structural features of HAdV-C6, its interaction with liver cells and blood factors, summarizes the previous experiences using HAdV-C6, and provides the rationale behind the use of HAdV-C6 for vaccine and anticancer drugs developments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tufail S, Shah MA, Zafar M, Asif TA, Shehzad A, Shah MS, Habib M, Saleemi MK, Muddassar M, Mirza O, Iqbal M, Rahman M. Identification of potent epitopes on hexon capsid protein and their evaluation as vaccine candidates against infections caused by members of Adenoviridae family. Vaccine 2021; 39:3560-3564. [PMID: 34030897 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses cause economically important diseases in vertebrates. Effective vaccines against adenoviral diseases are currently lacking. Here, we report a highly conserved epitopic region on hexon proteins of adenoviruses that generate a strong immune response when used as a virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine, produced by inserting the epitopic region into the core protein of hepatitis B virus. For evaluation of its protective efficacy, the epitopic region from a representative adenovirus, fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), was tested as a VLP vaccine which conferred 90% protection against challenge with a virulent FAdV-4 isolate in chickens. Importantly, such a high level of protection is not achieved when the epitopic region is employed as a part of a subunit vaccine. As the sequence and the structure of the epitopic region are highly conserved in hexon proteins of adenoviruses, the epitopic region could be employed as a promising VLP vaccine candidate against adenoviral diseases, in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soban Tufail
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali Shah
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Ali Asif
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salahuddin Shah
- Vaccine Development group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mudasser Habib
- Vaccine Development group, Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS-University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zafar S, Quixabeira DCA, Kudling TV, Cervera-Carrascon V, Santos JM, Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela S, Zhao F, Aronen P, Heiniö C, Havunen R, Sorsa S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Ad5/3 is able to avoid neutralization by binding to erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:442-454. [PMID: 32920593 PMCID: PMC8119244 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising cancer therapeutic agents. Clinical data have shown adenoviruses' ability to transduce tumors after systemic delivery in human cancer patients, despite antibodies. In the present work, we have focused on the interaction of a chimeric adenovirus Ad5/3 with human lymphocytes and human erythrocytes. Ad5/3 binding with human lymphocytes and erythrocytes was observed to occur in a reversible manner, which allowed viral transduction of tumors, and oncolytic potency of Ad5/3 in vitro and in vivo, with or without neutralizing antibodies. Immunodeficient mice bearing xenograft tumors showed enhanced tumor transduction following systemic administration, when Ad5/3 virus was bound to lymphocytes or erythrocytes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings reveal that chimeric Ad5/3 adenovirus reaches non-injected tumors in the presence of neutralizing antibodies: it occurs through reversible binding to lymphocytes and erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Viktorovna Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao Manuel Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fang Zhao
- Advanced Microscopy Unit (AMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Aronen
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang J. Adenovirus Vectors: Excellent Tools for Vaccine Development. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e6. [PMID: 33728099 PMCID: PMC7937504 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus was originally used as a vector for gene therapy. In recent years, with the development of the next-generation vectors with increased safety and high immunogenicity to transgene products, its utility as a vaccine vector has continued to increase. Adenovirus-based vaccines are currently being tested not only to prevent various infectious diseases but also to be applied as cancer vaccines. In this review, I discuss the innate and adaptive aspects of the immunological characteristics of adenovirus vectors and further examine the current status of advanced adenovirus-based vaccine development. Various methods that can overcome the limitations of currently used adenoviruses as vaccine vehicles are also discussed. Through this study, I hope that vaccine development using adenovirus vectors will be expedited and more successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Surface Modification of Adenovirus Vector to Improve Immunogenicity and Tropism. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32959253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Although adenovirus is a popular vector for delivering genes, there are several drawbacks that limit its effectiveness, including tropism and both the innate and adaptive immune responses. One approach that has been used to ameliorate these drawbacks is PEGylation of the virus with subsequent modification to add functional moieties for the purpose of cell targeting or enhancing infection. Here, we describe a general approach for PEGylating adenovirus and conjugating cell-penetrating peptides to the surface of the virus to impart the ability to transduce CAR-negative cells.
Collapse
|
14
|
Allen RJ, Byrnes AP. Interaction of adenovirus with antibodies, complement, and coagulation factors. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3449-3460. [PMID: 31660588 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdV) is one of the most widely used vectors for gene therapy and vaccine studies due to its excellent transduction efficiency, capacity for large transgenes, and high levels of gene expression. When administered intravascularly, the fate of AdV vectors is heavily influenced by interactions with host plasma proteins. Some plasma proteins can neutralize AdV, but AdV can also specifically bind plasma proteins that protect against neutralization and preserve activity. This review summarizes the plasma proteins that interact with AdV, including antibodies, complement, and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. We will also review the complex interactions of these plasma proteins with each other and with cellular proteins, as well as strategies for developing better AdV vectors that evade or manipulate plasma proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rondine J Allen
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Byrnes
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benihoud K. Un nouvel acteur dans la neutralisation intracellulaire des adénovirus par les anticorps. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:839-841. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
16
|
Hu K, Fu M, Guan X, Zhang D, Deng X, Xiao Y, Chen R, Liu H, Hu Q. Penton base induces better protective immune responses than fiber and hexon as a subunit vaccine candidate against adenoviruses. Vaccine 2018; 36:4287-4297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
17
|
Schmid M, Ernst P, Honegger A, Suomalainen M, Zimmermann M, Braun L, Stauffer S, Thom C, Dreier B, Eibauer M, Kipar A, Vogel V, Greber UF, Medalia O, Plückthun A. Adenoviral vector with shield and adapter increases tumor specificity and escapes liver and immune control. Nat Commun 2018; 9:450. [PMID: 29386504 PMCID: PMC5792622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most systemic viral gene therapies have been limited by sequestration and degradation of virions, innate and adaptive immunity, and silencing of therapeutic genes within the target cells. Here we engineer a high-affinity protein coat, shielding the most commonly used vector in clinical gene therapy, human adenovirus type 5. Using electron microscopy and crystallography we demonstrate a massive coverage of the virion surface through the hexon-shielding scFv fragment, trimerized to exploit the hexon symmetry and gain avidity. The shield reduces virion clearance in the liver. When the shielded particles are equipped with adaptor proteins, the virions deliver their payload genes into human cancer cells expressing HER2 or EGFR. The combination of shield and adapter also increases viral gene delivery to xenografted tumors in vivo, reduces liver off-targeting and immune neutralization. Our study highlights the power of protein engineering for viral vectors overcoming the challenges of local and systemic viral gene therapies. Viral gene therapy can be limited by the efficacy of virion sequestration, immune responses and the silencing of genetic payloads. Here the authors engineer an advenovirus protein coat which shields the virion from the immune system while targeting cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Honegger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Braun
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Stauffer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Thom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Identification of a Critical and Conformational Neutralizing Epitope in Human Adenovirus Type 4 Hexon. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01643-17. [PMID: 29093098 PMCID: PMC5752955 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01643-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) is an epidemic virus that contributes to serious acute respiratory disease (ARD) in both pediatric and adult patients. However, no licensed drug or vaccine is currently available to the civilian population. The identification of neutralizing epitopes of HAdV-4 should allow the development of a novel antiviral vaccine and a novel gene transfer vector, and an effective neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) will be useful in developing appropriate antiviral drugs. In this study, we report that MAb MN4b shows strong neutralizing activity against HAdV-4. MN4b recognizes a conformational epitope (418AGSEK422) within hypervariable region 7 (HVR7). Mutations within this site permitted HAdV-4 mutants to escape neutralization by MN4b and to resist neutralization by animal and human anti-HAdV-4 sera. A recombinant virus, rAd3-A4R7-1, containing the identified neutralizing epitope in the HVR7 region of HAdV-3 hexon, successfully induced antiserum that inhibited HAdV-4 infection. These results indicate that a small surface loop of HAdV-4 hexon is a critical neutralization epitope for this virus. The generation of MN4b and the identification of this neutralizing epitope may be useful in developing therapeutic treatment, a subunit vaccine, and a novel vector that can escape preexisting neutralization for HAdV-4. IMPORTANCE Neutralizing antibodies are considered good tools for the prevention of human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) infections. The identification of the epitopes recognized by such neutralizing antibodies is important for the generation of recombinant antiviral vaccines. However, until now, no neutralizing epitope has been reported for HAdV-4. Here, we developed a serotype-specific neutralizing MAb directed against HAdV-4, MN4b. We provide evidence that MN4b recognizes a conformational epitope within HVR7 of HAdV-4 hexon. Antisera generated to this conformational epitope displayed on HAdV-3 hexon inhibited infection of AD293 cells by HAdV-4. Our findings are very important for the development of therapeutic treatment, a subunit vaccine, and a novel vector for HAdV-4.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pacesa M, Hendrickx R, Bieri M, Flatt JW, Greber UF, Hemmi S. Small-size recombinant adenoviral hexon protein fragments for the production of virus-type specific antibodies. Virol J 2017; 14:158. [PMID: 28821267 PMCID: PMC5563037 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenoviruses are common pathogens infecting animals and humans. They are classified based on serology, or genome sequence information. These methods have limitations due to lengthy procedures or lack of infectivity data. Adenoviruses are easy to produce and amenable to genetic and biochemical modifications, which makes them a powerful tool for biological studies, and clinical gene-delivery and vaccine applications. Antibodies directed against adenoviral proteins are important diagnostic tools for virus identification in vivo and in vitro, and are used to elucidate infection mechanisms, often in combination with genomic sequencing and type specific information from hyper-variable regions of structural proteins. Results Here we describe a novel and readily useable method for cloning, expressing and purifying small fragments of hyper-variable regions 1-6 of the adenoviral hexon protein. We used these polypeptides as antigens for generating polyclonal rabbit antibodies against human adenovirus 3 (HAdV-B3), mouse adenovirus 1 (MAdV-1) and MAdV-2 hexon. In Western immunoblots with lysates from cells infected from thirteen human and three mouse viruses, these antibodies bound to homologous full-length hexon protein and revealed variable levels of cross-reactivity to heterologous hexons. Results from immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy studies indicated that HAdV-B3 and MAdV-2 hexon antibodies recognized native forms of hexon. Conclusions The procedure described here can in principle be applied to any adenovirus for which genome sequence information is available. It provides a basis for generating novel type-specific tools in diagnostics and research, and extends beyond the commonly used anti-viral antibodies raised against purified viruses or subviral components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0822-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pacesa
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rodinde Hendrickx
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule and University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Bieri
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Sciences Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule and University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justin W Flatt
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F Greber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alvarez-Urena P, Davis E, Sonnet C, Henslee G, Gugala Z, Strecker EV, Linscheid LJ, Cuchiara M, West J, Davis A, Olmsted-Davis E. Encapsulation of Adenovirus BMP2-Transduced Cells with PEGDA Hydrogels Allows Bone Formation in the Presence of Immune Response. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:177-184. [PMID: 27967655 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches have been difficult to implement due to pre-existing immunity against the virus used for delivery. To circumvent this problem, a cell-based approach was developed that avoided the use of free virus within the animal. However, even cells transduced in vitro with E1- to E3-deleted adenovirus encoding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (AdBMP2) resulted in the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Furthermore, when mice received an intramuscular injection of nonencoding adenovirus (AdEmpty)-transduced cells, AdBMP2-transduced cells were unable to launch bone formation when an intramuscular injection of these BMP2-producing cells was delivered 1 week later. This phenomenon was not observed in NOD/SCID mice, and could be overcome in C57BL/6 mice by encapsulating the adenovirus-transduced cells in a nondegradable hydrogel poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Data collectively suggest that PEGDA hydrogel encapsulation of AdBMP2-transduced cells prevents pre-existing immunity from suppressing BMP2-induced bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alvarez-Urena
- 1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Eleanor Davis
- 1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Corinne Sonnet
- 1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabrielle Henslee
- 1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, Texas
| | - Edward V Strecker
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, Texas
| | - Laura J Linscheid
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, Texas
| | - Maude Cuchiara
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer West
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alan Davis
- 1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,4 Department of Pediatrics-Section Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.,5 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Olmsted-Davis
- 1 Center for Cell and Gene Therapy , Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,4 Department of Pediatrics-Section Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.,5 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McEwan WA. Surveillance for Intracellular Antibody by Cytosolic Fc Receptor TRIM21. Antibodies (Basel) 2016; 5:antib5040021. [PMID: 31558002 PMCID: PMC6698813 DOI: 10.3390/antib5040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM21 has emerged as an atypical Fc receptor that is broadly conserved and widely expressed in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Viruses that traffic surface-bound antibodies into the cell during infection recruit TRIM21 via a high affinity interaction between Fc and TRIM21 PRYSPRY domain. Following binding of intracellular antibody, TRIM21 acts as both antiviral effector and sensor for innate immune signalling. These activities serve to reduce viral replication by orders of magnitude in vitro and contribute to host survival during in vivo infection. Neutralization occurs rapidly after detection and requires the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The microbial targets of this arm of intracellular immunity are still being identified: TRIM21 activity has been reported following infection by several non-enveloped viruses and intracellular bacteria. These findings extend the sphere of influence of antibodies to the intracellular domain and have broad implications for immunity. TRIM21 has been implicated in the chronic auto-immune condition systemic lupus erythematosus and is itself an auto-antigen in Sjögren’s syndrome. This review summarises our current understanding of TRIM21’s role as a cytosolic Fc receptor and briefly discusses pathological circumstances where intracellular antibodies have been described, or are hypothesized to occur, and may benefit from further investigations of the role of TRIM21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A McEwan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A Novel Vaccine Approach for Chagas Disease Using Rare Adenovirus Serotype 48 Vectors. Viruses 2016; 8:78. [PMID: 26978385 PMCID: PMC4810268 DOI: 10.3390/v8030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing amount of people afflicted worldwide with Chagas disease and an increasing prevalence in the United States, there is a greater need to develop a safe and effective vaccine for this neglected disease. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most common adenovirus vector used for gene therapy and vaccine approaches, but its efficacy is limited by preexisting vector immunity in humans resulting from natural infections. Therefore, we have employed rare serotype adenovirus 48 (Ad48) as an alternative choice for adenovirus/Chagas vaccine therapy. In this study, we modified Ad5 and Ad48 vectors to contain T. cruzi’s amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP-2) in the adenoviral early gene. We also modified Ad5 and Ad48 vectors to utilize the “Antigen Capsid-Incorporation” strategy by adding T. cruzi epitopes to protein IX (pIX). Mice that were immunized with the modified vectors were able to elicit T. cruzi-specific humoral and cellular responses. This study indicates that Ad48-modified vectors function comparable to or even premium to Ad5-modified vectors. This study provides novel data demonstrating that Ad48 can be used as a potential adenovirus vaccine vector against Chagas disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Uusi-Kerttula H, Hulin-Curtis S, Davies J, Parker AL. Oncolytic Adenovirus: Strategies and Insights for Vector Design and Immuno-Oncolytic Applications. Viruses 2015; 7:6009-42. [PMID: 26610547 PMCID: PMC4664994 DOI: 10.3390/v7112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ad) are commonly used both experimentally and clinically, including oncolytic virotherapy applications. In the clinical area, efficacy is frequently hampered by the high rates of neutralizing immunity, estimated as high as 90% in some populations that promote vector clearance and limit bioavailability for tumor targeting following systemic delivery. Active tumor targeting is also hampered by the ubiquitous nature of the Ad5 receptor, hCAR, as well as the lack of highly tumor-selective targeting ligands and suitable targeting strategies. Furthermore, significant off-target interactions between the viral vector and cellular and proteinaceous components of the bloodstream have been documented that promote uptake into non-target cells and determine dose-limiting toxicities. Novel strategies are therefore needed to overcome the obstacles that prevent efficacious Ad deployment for wider clinical applications. The use of less seroprevalent Ad serotypes, non-human serotypes, capsid pseudotyping, chemical shielding and genetic masking by heterologous peptide incorporation are all potential strategies to achieve efficient vector escape from humoral immune recognition. Conversely, selective vector arming with immunostimulatory agents can be utilized to enhance their oncolytic potential by activation of cancer-specific immune responses against the malignant tissues. This review presents recent advantages and pitfalls occurring in the field of adenoviral oncolytic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanni Uusi-Kerttula
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Sarah Hulin-Curtis
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - James Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Alan L Parker
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alexander MR, Sanders RW, Moore JP, Klasse PJ. Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1160-5. [PMID: 26086186 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We used dynamic light scattering to detect aggregation of HIV-1 virions by antibodies (IgG) to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env). Virions of different strains were inactivated by 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (AT-2), a procedure that abrogates infectivity but preserves the native antigenic structure of Env. Neutralizing antibodies directed to a V3-base- and glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and to the apex of the Env trimer, as well as nonneutralizing antibodies to the epitope cluster I on the gp41-ectodomain, aggregated virions, but in markedly narrow concentration ranges. In contrast, the neutralizing antibody 2G12, which is specific for a composite glycan-dependent epitope on gp120 and functionally monovalent because of its unusual domain-swap structure, was nonaggregating. These results have potentially complex implications for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina R. Alexander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Per Johan Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brown J, Excler JL, Kim JH. New prospects for a preventive HIV-1 vaccine. J Virus Erad 2015; 1:78-88. [PMID: 26523292 PMCID: PMC4625840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune correlates of risk analysis and recent non-human primate (NHP) challenge studies have generated hypotheses that suggest HIV-1 envelope may be essential and, perhaps, sufficient to induce protective antibody responses against HIV-1 acquisition at the mucosal entry. New prime-boost mosaic and conserved-sequence, together with replicating vector immunisation strategies aiming at inducing immune responses or greater breadth, as well as the development of immunogens inducing broadly neutralising antibodies and mucosal responses, should be actively pursued and tested in humans. Whether the immune correlates of risk identified in RV144 can be extended to other vaccines, other populations, or different modes and intensity of transmission, and against increasing HIV-1 genetic diversity, remains to be demonstrated. Although NHP challenge studies may guide vaccine development, human efficacy trials remain key for answering the critical questions leading to the development of a global HIV-1 vaccine for licensure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA,The Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD,
USA,Corresponding author: Jean-Louis Excler,
US Military HIV Research Program,
6720-A Rockledge Drive, Suite 400Bethesda,
MD20817,
USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program,
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring,
MD,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nigatu AS, Vupputuri S, Flynn N, Ramsey JD. Effects of cell-penetrating peptides on transduction efficiency of PEGylated adenovirus. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:153-60. [PMID: 25960231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus (Ad) is one of the viral vectors most widely used for gene delivery. The virus, however, has serious shortcomings such as immunogenicity, promiscuous tropism, and the inability to efficiently infect certain types of cells. The goal of this study was to improve the ability of an Ad-based vector to efficiently transform cells that lack the native coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR(-)) by modifying the virus with CPP-PEG conjugates. METHODS The vector was produced by PEGylating Ad, which packages a lacZ reporter gene, and then conjugating CPPs to form CPP-PEG-Ad particles. The study compared the effectiveness of four different CPPs: Pen, Tat, Pep1, and pArg. The effects of CPP amount per virus, degree of PEGylation, and PEG molecular weight on transduction efficiency were studied on CAR(-) NIH/3T3 cells. RESULTS CPP-PEG-Ad particles transduced CAR(-) cells significantly better than unmodified Ad. Pen, the most effective CPP, produced an 80-fold improvement in transduction compared to the unmodified virus. The Pen peptide utilized a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with the cell membrane to maximize cellular association while the other CPPs used only electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions but not both. Lastly, higher degrees of PEGylation, which prompted PEG to adopt a "brush" conformation, resulted in more efficient CPP-PEG-Ad particles because of both better conjugation of CPPs to the PEGylated virus and better exposure of the conjugated CPPs on the surface of the particle. CONCLUSIONS CPP-PEG-Ad particles efficiently deliver genes to cells that Ad alone would not efficiently infect, thereby extending potential gene therapy treatments to a much broader range of cell types and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adane S Nigatu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sravanthi Vupputuri
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Nicholas Flynn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Joshua D Ramsey
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McEwan WA, James LC. TRIM21-Dependent Intracellular Antibody Neutralization of Virus Infection. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 129:167-87. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
Neutralization of Virus Infectivity by Antibodies: Old Problems in New Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2014. [PMID: 27099867 DOI: 10.1155/2014/157895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can be both sufficient and necessary for protection against viral infections, although they sometimes act in concert with cellular immunity. Successful vaccines against viruses induce NAbs but vaccine candidates against some major viral pathogens, including HIV-1, have failed to induce potent and effective such responses. Theories of how antibodies neutralize virus infectivity have been formulated and experimentally tested since the 1930s; and controversies about the mechanistic and quantitative bases for neutralization have continually arisen. Soluble versions of native oligomeric viral proteins that mimic the functional targets of neutralizing antibodies now allow the measurement of the relevant affinities of NAbs. Thereby the neutralizing occupancies on virions can be estimated and related to the potency of the NAbs. Furthermore, the kinetics and stoichiometry of NAb binding can be compared with neutralizing efficacy. Recently, the fundamental discovery that the intracellular factor TRIM21 determines the degree of neutralization of adenovirus has provided new mechanistic and quantitative insights. Since TRIM21 resides in the cytoplasm, it would not affect the neutralization of enveloped viruses, but its range of activity against naked viruses will be important to uncover. These developments bring together the old problems of virus neutralization-mechanism, stoichiometry, kinetics, and efficacy-from surprising new angles.
Collapse
|
29
|
Developments in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:624-41. [PMID: 26344749 PMCID: PMC4494222 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors are promising tools for gene therapy and vaccines. Viral vector-based vaccines can enhance immunogenicity without an adjuvant and induce a robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to eliminate virus-infected cells. During the last several decades, many types of viruses have been developed as vaccine vectors. Each has unique features and parental virus-related risks. In addition, genetically altered vectors have been developed to improve efficacy and safety, reduce administration dose, and enable large-scale manufacturing. To date, both successful and unsuccessful results have been reported in clinical trials. These trials provide important information on factors such as toxicity, administration dose tolerated, and optimized vaccination strategy. This review highlights major viral vectors that are the best candidates for clinical use.
Collapse
|
30
|
Assessment of chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 neutralizing antibodies prior to evaluation of a candidate malaria vaccine regimen based on viral vectors. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:901-3. [PMID: 24739980 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00723-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prior to a chimpanzee adenovirus-based (ChAd63) malarial vaccine trial, sera were collected to assess ChAd63-specific neutralizing antibody titers in Banfora (Burkina Faso). The low neutralizing antibody titers reported in both adults and children (median titers, 139.1 and 35.0, respectively) are encouraging for the potential use of ChAd63 as a malarial vaccine vector.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hendrickx R, Stichling N, Koelen J, Kuryk L, Lipiec A, Greber UF. Innate immunity to adenovirus. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:265-84. [PMID: 24512150 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in gene medicine, with applications ranging from oncolytic therapies to vaccinations, but adenovirus vectors are not without side effects. In addition, natural adenoviruses pose severe risks for immunocompromised people, yet infections are usually mild and self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals. Here we describe how adenoviruses are recognized by the host innate defense system during entry and replication in immune and nonimmune cells. Innate defense protects the host and represents a major barrier to using adenoviruses as therapeutic interventions in humans. Innate response against adenoviruses involves intrinsic factors present at constant levels, and innate factors mounted by the host cell upon viral challenge. These factors exert antiviral effects by directly binding to viruses or viral components, or shield the virus, for example, soluble factors, such as blood clotting components, the complement system, preexisting immunoglobulins, or defensins. In addition, Toll-like receptors and lectins in the plasma membrane and endosomes are intrinsic factors against adenoviruses. Important innate factors restricting adenovirus in the cytosol are tripartite motif-containing proteins, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like inflammatory receptors, and DNA sensors triggering interferon, such as DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase. Adenovirus tunes the function of antiviral autophagy, and counters innate defense by virtue of its early proteins E1A, E1B, E3, and E4 and two virus-associated noncoding RNAs VA-I and VA-II. We conclude by discussing strategies to engineer adenovirus vectors with attenuated innate responses and enhanced delivery features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodinde Hendrickx
- 1 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich , CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Majhen D, Calderon H, Chandra N, Fajardo CA, Rajan A, Alemany R, Custers J. Adenovirus-based vaccines for fighting infectious diseases and cancer: progress in the field. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:301-17. [PMID: 24580050 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of adenovirology is undergoing rapid change in response to increasing appreciation of the potential advantages of adenoviruses as the basis for new vaccines and as vectors for gene and cancer therapy. Substantial knowledge and understanding of adenoviruses at a molecular level has made their manipulation for use as vaccines and therapeutics relatively straightforward in comparison with other viral vectors. In this review we summarize the structure and life cycle of the adenovirus and focus on the use of adenovirus-based vectors in vaccines against infectious diseases and cancers. Strategies to overcome the problem of preexisting antiadenovirus immunity, which can hamper the immunogenicity of adenovirus-based vaccines, are discussed. When armed with tumor-associated antigens, replication-deficient and oncolytic adenoviruses can efficiently activate an antitumor immune response. We present concepts on how to use adenoviruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines and consider some of the strategies used to further improve antitumor immune responses. Studies that explore the prospect of adenoviruses as vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer are underway, and here we give an overview of the latest developments.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lopez-Gordo E, Podgorski II, Downes N, Alemany R. Circumventing antivector immunity: potential use of nonhuman adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:285-300. [PMID: 24499174 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are efficient gene delivery vectors based on their ability to transduce a wide variety of cell types and drive high-level transient transgene expression. While there have been advances in modifying human adenoviral (HAdV) vectors to increase their safety profile, there are still pitfalls that need to be further addressed. Preexisting humoral and cellular immunity against common HAdV serotypes limits the efficacy of gene transfer and duration of transgene expression. As an alternative, nonhuman AdV (NHAdV) vectors can circumvent neutralizing antibodies against HAdVs in immunized mice and monkeys and in human sera, suggesting that NHAdV vectors could circumvent preexisting humoral immunity against HAdVs in a clinical setting. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in developing NHAdV vectors for gene delivery in humans. In this review, we outline the recent advances and limitations of HAdV vectors for gene therapy and describe examples of NHAdV vectors focusing on their immunogenicity, tropism, and potential as effective gene therapy vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Recombinant FAdV-4 fiber-2 protein protects chickens against hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome (HHS). Vaccine 2014; 32:1086-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
35
|
Monoclonal antibodies for prophylactic and therapeutic use against viral infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 88:T15-T23. [PMID: 32287402 PMCID: PMC7111719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pepo.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies play an essential part in antiviral immunity and are instrumental in preventing or modulating viral diseases. Polyclonal antibody preparations are increasingly being replaced by highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Cocktails of mAbs and bispecific constructs can be used to simultaneously target multiple viral epitopes and to overcome issues of neutralization escape. Advances in antibody engineering have led to a large array of novel mAb formats, while deeper insight into the biology of several viruses and increasing knowledge of their neutralizing epitopes has extended the list of potential targets. In addition, progress in developing inexpensive production platforms will make antiviral mAbs more widely available and affordable.
Collapse
|
36
|
Prospects for oral replicating adenovirus-vectored vaccines. Vaccine 2013; 31:3236-43. [PMID: 23707160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orally delivered replicating adenovirus (Ad) vaccines have been used for decades to prevent adenovirus serotype 4 and 7 respiratory illness in military recruits, demonstrating exemplary safety and high efficacy. That experience suggests that oral administration of live recombinant Ads (rAds) holds promise for immunization against other infectious diseases, including those that have been refractory to traditional vaccination methods. Live rAds can express intact antigens from free-standing transgenes during replication in infected cells. Alternatively, antigenic epitopes can be displayed on the rAd capsid itself, allowing presentation of the epitope to the immune system both prior to and during replication of the virus. Such capsid-display rAds offer a novel vaccine approach that could be used either independently of or in combination with transgene expression strategies to provide a new tool in the search for protection from infectious disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Both L, Banyard AC, van Dolleweerd C, Wright E, Ma JKC, Fooks AR. Monoclonal antibodies for prophylactic and therapeutic use against viral infections. Vaccine 2013; 31:1553-9. [PMID: 23370150 PMCID: PMC7115371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies play an essential part in antiviral immunity and are instrumental in preventing or modulating viral diseases. Polyclonal antibody preparations are increasingly being replaced by highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Cocktails of mAbs and bispecific constructs can be used to simultaneously target multiple viral epitopes and to overcome issues of neutralization escape. Advances in antibody engineering have led to a large array of novel mAb formats, while deeper insight into the biology of several viruses and increasing knowledge of their neutralizing epitopes has extended the list of potential targets. In addition, progress in developing inexpensive production platforms will make antiviral mAbs more widely available and affordable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Both
- The Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Department of Virology, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - Ashley C. Banyard
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Department of Virology, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - Craig van Dolleweerd
- The Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Edward Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Julian K.-C. Ma
- The Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony R. Fooks
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Department of Virology, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
- National Consortium for Zoonosis Research, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK
- Corresponding author at: Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Department of Virology, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK. Tel.: +44 01932 357840; fax: +44 01932 357239.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choi IK, Yun CO. Recent developments in oncolytic adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic agents for use against metastatic cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:70-6. [PMID: 23306610 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent or metastatic cancer in most cases remains an incurable disease, and thus alternative treatment strategies, such as oncolytic virotherapy, are of great interest for clinical application. Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have many advantages as virotherapeutic agents and have been safely employed in the clinics. However, the efficacy of oncolytic Ads is insufficient to eradicate tumors and current clinical applications are restricted to local administration against primary tumors because of immunological obstacles and poor tumor-cell targeting. Thus, alternative viable approaches are needed to establish therapies based on oncolytic Ad that will eliminate both primary and metastatic cancers. To this end, rational design of oncolytic Ads that express immunostimulatory genes has been employed. Even when restricted to local viral delivery, these oncolytic Ad-based immunotherapeutics have been shown to exert systemic antitumor immunity and result in eradication of both primary and metastatic cancers. Moreover, oncolytic Ad-based immunotherapeutics in combination with either dendritic cell-based vaccine or radiotherapy further strengthen the systemic tumor-specific immunity, resulting in complete suppression of both local and distant tumor metastatic growth. This review will focus on the most recent updates in strategies to develop potent oncolytic Ad-based immunotherapeutics for use in cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-K Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Functional characterisation of the WW minimal domain for delivering therapeutic proteins by adenovirus dodecahedron. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45416. [PMID: 23028993 PMCID: PMC3459938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein transduction offers a great therapeutic potential by efficient delivery of biologically active cargo into cells. The Adenovirus Dd (Dodecahedron) has recently been shown to deliver proteins fused to the tandem WW2-3-4 structural domains from the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4. In this study, we conclusively show that Dd is able to efficiently deliver cargo inside living cells, which mainly localize in fast moving endocytic vesicles, supporting active transport along the cytoskeleton. We further improve this delivery system by expressing a panel of 13 WW-GFP mutant forms to characterize their binding properties towards Dd. We identified the domain WW3 and its mutant form WW3_10_13 to be sufficient for optimal binding to Dd. We greatly minimise the interacting WW modules from 20 to 6 kDa without compromising its efficient delivery by Dd. Using these minimal WW domains fused to the tumor suppressor p53 protein, we show efficient cellular uptake and distribution into cancer cells, leading to specific induction of apoptosis in these cells. Taken together, these findings represent a step further towards the development of a Dd-based delivery system for future therapeutic application.
Collapse
|
41
|
Circumventing antivector immunity by using adenovirus-infected blood cells for repeated application of adenovirus-vectored vaccines: proof of concept in rhesus macaques. J Virol 2012; 86:11031-42. [PMID: 22855499 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00783-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus has been extensively exploited as a vector platform for delivering vaccines. However, preexisting antiadenovirus immunity is the major stumbling block for application of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. In this study, we found that freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mostly CD14(+) cells, from adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-seropositive primates (humans and rhesus macaques) can be efficiently infected with Ad5 in vitro. On the basis of this observation, a novel strategy based on adenoviral vector-infected PBMC (AVIP) immunization was explored to circumvent antivector immunity. Autologous infusion of Ad5-SIVgag-infected PBMCs elicited a strong Gag-specific cellular immune response but induced weaker Ad5-neutralizing antibody (NAb) in Ad5-seronegative macaques than in macaques intramuscularly injected with Ad5-SIVgag. Moreover, Ad5-seropositive macaques receiving multiple AVIP immunizations with Ad5-SIVenv, Ad5-SIVgag, and Ad5-SIVpol vaccines elicited escalated Env-, Gag-, and Pol-specific immune responses after each immunization that were significantly greater than those in macaques intramuscularly injected with these Ad5-SIV vaccines. After challenged intravenously with a highly pathogenic SIVmac239 virus, macaques receiving AVIP immunization demonstrated a significant reduction in viral load at both the peak time and set-point period compared with macaques without Ad5-SIV vaccines. Our study warranted further research and development of the AVIP immunization as a platform for repeated applications of adenovirus-vectored vaccines.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Despite a central role in immunity, antibody neutralization of virus infection is poorly understood. Here we show how the neutralization and persistence of adenovirus type 5, a prevalent nonenveloped human virus, are dependent upon the intracellular antibody receptor TRIM21. Cells with insufficient amounts of TRIM21 are readily infected, even at saturating concentrations of neutralizing antibody. Conversely, high TRIM21 expression levels decrease the persistent fraction of the infecting virus and allows neutralization by as few as 1.6 antibody molecules per virus. The direct interaction between TRIM21 and neutralizing antibody is essential, as single-point mutations within the TRIM21-binding site in the Fc region of a potently neutralizing antibody impair neutralization. However, infection at high multiplicity can saturate TRIM21 and overcome neutralization. These results provide insight into the mechanism and importance of a newly discovered, effector-driven process of antibody neutralization of nonenveloped viruses.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bruder JT, Semenova E, Chen P, Limbach K, Patterson NB, Stefaniak ME, Konovalova S, Thomas C, Hamilton M, King CR, Richie TL, Doolan DL. Modification of Ad5 hexon hypervariable regions circumvents pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibodies and induces protective immune responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33920. [PMID: 22496772 PMCID: PMC3320611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective malaria vaccine is a high global health priority. Vaccine vectors based on adenovirus type 5 are capable of generating robust and protective T cell and antibody responses in animal models and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for HIV and malaria. They appear to be more effective in terms of inducing antigen-specific immune responses as compared with non-Ad5 serotype vectors. However, the high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to Ad5 in the human population, particularly in the developing world, has the potential to limit the effectiveness of Ad5-based vaccines. We have generated novel Ad5-based vectors that precisely replace the hexon hypervariable regions with those derived from Ad43, a subgroup D serotype with low prevalence of neutralizing antibody in humans. We have demonstrated that these hexon-modified adenovectors are not neutralized efficiently by Ad5 neutralizing antibodies in vitro using sera from mice, rabbits and human volunteers. We have also generated hexon-modified adenovectors that express a rodent malaria parasite antigen, PyCSP, and demonstrated that they are as immunogenic as an unmodified vector. Furthermore, in contrast to the unmodified vector, the hexon-modified adenovectors induced robust T cell responses in mice with high levels of Ad5 neutralizing antibody. We also show that the hexon-modified vector can be combined with unmodified Ad5 vector in prime-boost regimens to induce protective responses in mice. Our data establish that these hexon-modified vectors are highly immunogenic even in the presence of pre-existing anti-adenovirus antibodies. These hexon-modified adenovectors may have advantages in sub-Saharan Africa where there is a high prevalence of Ad5 neutralizing antibody in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Bruder
- Research, GenVec, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
The number of Toll-like receptor 9-agonist motifs in the adenovirus genome correlates with induction of dendritic cell maturation by adenovirus immune complexes. J Virol 2012; 86:6279-85. [PMID: 22491454 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00123-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors and specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) generate immune complexes (ICs) which are potent inducers of dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Here we show that ICs generated with rare Ad vector serotypes, such as Ad26 and Ad35, which are lead candidates in HIV vaccine development, are poor inducers of DC maturation and that their potency in inducing DC maturation strongly correlated with the number of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-agonist motifs present in the Ad vector's genome. In addition, we showed that antihexon but not antifiber antibodies are responsible for the induction of Ad IC-mediated DC maturation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cheng C, Wang L, Gall JGD, Nason M, Schwartz RM, McElrath MJ, DeRosa SC, Hural J, Corey L, Buchbinder SP, Nabel GJ. Decreased pre-existing Ad5 capsid and Ad35 neutralizing antibodies increase HIV-1 infection risk in the Step trial independent of vaccination. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33969. [PMID: 22496775 PMCID: PMC3319553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Step trial raised the possibility that uncircumcised men with pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibodies carried an increased risk of HIV infection after vaccination. Thus, understanding Ad seropositivity in humans is important to the development of an AIDS vaccine. Here, we analyze the impact of different Ad5-specific neutralizing antibodies on immune function and clinical outcome. Methods and Findings Ad seropositivity in the Step trial volunteers was analyzed using chimeric rAd5/35 vectors to characterize their specificity for Ad5 fiber and non-fiber external (capsid) proteins. Immune responses and HIV seropositivity were correlated with the specificity of Ad5-neutralizing antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies induced by the vaccine in Ad5 seronegative subjects were directed preferentially to Ad5 capsid proteins, although some fiber-neutralizing antibodies could be detected. Pre-vaccination Ad5 serostatus did not affect the capsid-directed response after three vaccinations. In contrast, anti-fiber antibody titers were significantly higher in volunteers who were Ad5 seropositive prior to vaccination. Those Ad5 seropositive subjects who generated anti-capsid responses showed a marked reduction in vaccine-induced CD8 responses. Unexpectedly, anti-vector immunity differed qualitatively in Ad5 seropositive participants who became HIV-1 infected compared to uninfected case controls; Ad5 seropositive participants who later acquired HIV had lower neutralizing antibodies to capsid. Moreover, Ad35 seropositivity was decreased in HIV-infected subjects compared with uninfected case controls, while seroprevalence for other serotypes including Ad14, Ad28 and Ad41 was similar in both groups. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that the case subjects were less immunologically responsive prior to infection. Subjects infected during the Step trial had qualitative differences in immunity that increased their risk of HIV-1 infection independent of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - LingShu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Schwartz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven C. DeRosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan P. Buchbinder
- HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HIV Research Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Insititutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim PH, Kim J, Kim TI, Nam HY, Yockman JW, Kim M, Kim SW, Yun CO. Bioreducible polymer-conjugated oncolytic adenovirus for hepatoma-specific therapy via systemic administration. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9328-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
47
|
McEwan WA, Mallery DL, Rhodes DA, Trowsdale J, James LC. Intracellular antibody-mediated immunity and the role of TRIM21. Bioessays 2011; 33:803-9. [PMID: 22006823 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Protection against bacterial and viral pathogens by antibodies has always been thought to end at the cell surface. Once inside the cell, a pathogen was understood to be safe from humoral immunity. However, it has now been found that antibodies can routinely enter cells attached to viral particles and mediate an intracellular immune response. Antibody-coated virions are detected inside the cell by means of an intracellular antibody receptor, TRIM21, which directs their degradation by recruitment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this article we assess how this discovery alters our view of the way in which antibodies neutralise viral infection. We also consider the antiviral function of TRIM21 in the context of its other reported roles in immune signalling and autoimmunity. Finally, we discuss the conceptual implications of intracellular antibody immunity and how it alters our view of the discrete separation of extracellular and intracellular environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A McEwan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, PNAC Division, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Matsushima Y, Shimizu H, Phan TG, Ushijima H. Genomic characterization of a novel human adenovirus type 31 recombinant in the hexon gene. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2770-2775. [PMID: 21880842 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.034744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel human recombinant adenovirus of species A (HAdV-A31 MZ) was isolated from a patient with acute gastroenteritis in Japan. The complete genome of HAdV-A31 strain MZ contains 33 776 bp. Analysis of the hexon gene of HAdV-A31 MZ indicated that its hexon sequence is the result of a genetic recombination between those of HAdV-A31 and a close relative to HAdV-A12. The recombination sites were found around the border of hypervariable loops 1 and 2 in the hexon gene, which are the most important determinants for virus neutralization. Loops 1 and 2 of this virus were genetically related to HAdV-A12, whereas all other parts of the genome were highly similar to HAdV-A31. In order to understand the evolution of adenoviruses correctly and to avoid misidentification of HAdV types, we recommend characterizing not only the hexon gene, but also the penton base and fiber genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushima
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute of Public Health, 5-13-10 Oshima, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0834, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute of Public Health, 5-13-10 Oshima, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0834, Japan
| | - Tung Gia Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Raki M, Sarkioja M, Escutenaire S, Kangasniemi L, Haavisto E, Kanerva A, Cerullo V, Joensuu T, Oksanen M, Pesonen S, Hemminki A. Switching the fiber knob of oncolytic adenoviruses to avoid neutralizing antibodies in human cancer patients. J Gene Med 2011; 13:253-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
50
|
Moyer CL, Wiethoff CM, Maier O, Smith JG, Nemerow GR. Functional genetic and biophysical analyses of membrane disruption by human adenovirus. J Virol 2011; 85:2631-41. [PMID: 21209115 PMCID: PMC3067937 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02321-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the adenovirus (AdV) protein that mediates endosome penetration during infection has remained elusive. Several lines of evidence from previous studies suggest that the membrane lytic factor of AdV is the internal capsid protein VI. While these earlier results imply a role for protein VI in endosome disruption, direct evidence during cell entry has not been demonstrated. To acquire more definitive proof, we engineered random mutations in a critical N-terminal amphipathic α-helix of VI in an attempt to generate AdV mutants that lack efficient membrane penetration and infection. Random mutagenesis within the context of the AdV genome was achieved via the development of a novel technique that incorporates both error-prone PCR and recombineering. Using this system, we identified a single mutation, L40Q, that significantly reduced infectivity and selectively impaired endosome penetration. Furthermore, we obtained biophysical data showing that the lack of efficient endosomalysis is associated with reduced insertion of the L40Q mutation in protein VI (VI-L40Q) into membranes. Our studies indicate that protein VI is the critical membrane lytic factor of AdV during cellular entry and reveal the biochemical basis for its membrane interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L. Moyer
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christopher M. Wiethoff
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oana Maier
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason G. Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Glen R. Nemerow
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|