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Fink C, Gevaert JJ, Barrett JW, Dikeakos JD, Foster PJ, Dekaban GA. In vivo tracking of adenoviral-transduced iron oxide-labeled bone marrow-derived dendritic cells using magnetic particle imaging. Eur Radiol Exp 2023; 7:42. [PMID: 37580614 PMCID: PMC10425309 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread study of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapies, the in vivo postinjection fate of DC remains largely unknown. Due in part to a lack of quantifiable imaging modalities, this is troubling as the amount of DC migration to secondary lymphoid organs correlates with therapeutic efficacy. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a suitable modality to quantify in vivo migration of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled DC. Herein, we describe a popliteal lymph node (pLN)-focused MPI scan to quantify DC in vivo migration accurately and consistently. METHODS Adenovirus (Ad)-transduced SPIO+ (Ad SPIO+) and SPIO+ C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived DC were generated and assessed for viability and phenotype, then fluorescently labeled and injected into mouse hind footpads (n = 6). Two days later, in vivo DC migration was quantified using whole animal, pLN-focused, and ex vivo pLN MPI scans. RESULTS No significant differences in viability, phenotype and in vivo pLN migration were noted for Ad SPIO+ and SPIO+ DC. Day 2 pLN-focused MPI quantified DC migration in all instances while whole animal MPI only quantified pLN migration in 75% of cases. Ex vivo MPI and fluorescence microscopy confirmed that pLN MPI signal was due to originally injected Ad SPIO+ and SPIO+ DC. CONCLUSION We overcame a reported limitation of MPI by using a pLN-focused MPI scan to quantify pLN-migrated Ad SPIO+ and SPIO+ DC in 100% of cases and detected as few as 1000 DC (4.4 ng Fe) in vivo. MPI is a suitable preclinical imaging modality to assess DC-based cancer immunotherapeutic efficacy. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Tracking the in vivo fate of DC using noninvasive quantifiable magnetic particle imaging can potentially serve as a surrogate marker of therapeutic effectiveness. KEY POINTS • Adenoviral-transduced and iron oxide-labeled dendritic cells are in vivo migration competent. • Magnetic particle imaging is a suitable modality to quantify in vivo dendritic cell migration. • Magnetic particle imaging focused field of view overcomes dynamic range limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corby Fink
- Biotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julia J Gevaert
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Biotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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2
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Nestić D, Božinović K, Drašković I, Kovačević A, van den Bosch J, Knežević J, Custers J, Ambriović-Ristov A, Majhen D. Human Adenovirus Type 26 Induced IL-6 Gene Expression in an αvβ3 Integrin- and NF-κB-Dependent Manner. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040672. [PMID: 35458402 PMCID: PMC9028149 DOI: 10.3390/v14040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low seroprevalent human adenovirus type 26 (HAdV26)-based vaccine vector was the first adenovirus-based vector to receive marketing authorization from European Commission. HAdV26-based vaccine vectors induce durable humoral and cellular immune responses and, as such, represent a highly valuable tool for fighting infectious diseases. Despite well-described immunogenicity in vivo, the basic biology of HAdV26 still needs some refinement. The aim of this study was to determine the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile of epithelial cells infected with HAdV26 and then investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The expression of studied genes and proteins was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize HAdV26 cell uptake. We found that HAdV26 infection in human epithelial cells triggers the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α, with the most pronounced difference shown for IL-6. We investigated the underlying molecular mechanism and observed that HAdV26-induced IL-6 gene expression is αvβ3 integrin dependent and NF-κB mediated. Our findings provide new data regarding pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in HAdV26-infected epithelial cells, as well as details concerning HAdV26-induced host signaling pathways. Information obtained within this research increases our current knowledge of HAdV26 basic biology and, as such, can contribute to further development of HAdV26-based vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Nestić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Ksenija Božinović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Isabela Drašković
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Alen Kovačević
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Jolien van den Bosch
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Strack A, Deinzer A, Thirion C, Schrödel S, Dörrie J, Sauerer T, Steinkasserer A, Knippertz I. Breaking Entry-and Species Barriers: LentiBOOST ® Plus Polybrene Enhances Transduction Efficacy of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes by Adenovirus 5. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010092. [PMID: 35062296 PMCID: PMC8781300 DOI: 10.3390/v14010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to trigger strong immune responses, adenoviruses (HAdVs) in general and the serotype5 (HAdV-5) in particular are amongst the most popular viral vectors in research and clinical application. However, efficient transduction using HAdV-5 is predominantly achieved in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-positive cells. In the present study, we used the transduction enhancer LentiBOOST® comprising the polycationic Polybrene to overcome these limitations. Using LentiBOOST®/Polybrene, we yielded transduction rates higher than 50% in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), while maintaining their cytokine expression profile and their capability to induce T-cell proliferation. In human dendritic cells (DCs), we increased the transduction rate from 22% in immature (i)DCs or 43% in mature (m)DCs to more than 80%, without inducing cytotoxicity. While expression of specific maturation markers was slightly upregulated using LentiBOOST®/Polybrene on iDCs, no effect on mDC phenotype or function was observed. Moreover, we achieved efficient HAdV5 transduction also in human monocytes and were able to subsequently differentiate them into proper iDCs and functional mDCs. In summary, we introduce LentiBOOST® comprising Polybrene as a highly potent adenoviral transduction agent for new in-vitro applications in a set of different immune cells in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Strack
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Andrea Deinzer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Thirion
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (C.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Silke Schrödel
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (C.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (J.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatjana Sauerer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (J.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.K.)
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4
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Elkashif A, Alhashimi M, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenoviral vector-based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1345. [PMID: 34667600 PMCID: PMC8510854 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector-based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
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5
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Kircheis R. Coagulopathies after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 May Be Derived from a Combined Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Adenovirus Vector-Triggered Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10791. [PMID: 34639132 PMCID: PMC8509779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic with worldwide 6-digit infection rates and thousands of death tolls daily. Enormous efforts are undertaken to achieve high coverage of immunization to reach herd immunity in order to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on mRNA, viral vectors, or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus have been approved and are being applied worldwide. However, the recent increased numbers of normally very rare types of thromboses associated with thrombocytopenia have been reported, particularly in the context of the adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 from Astra Zeneca. The statistical prevalence of these side effects seems to correlate with this particular vaccine type, i.e., adenoviral vector-based vaccines, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still not clear. The present review summarizes current data and hypotheses for molecular and cellular mechanisms into one integrated hypothesis indicating that coagulopathies, including thromboses, thrombocytopenia, and other related side effects, are correlated to an interplay of the two components in the vaccine, i.e., the spike antigen and the adenoviral vector, with the innate and immune systems, which under certain circumstances can imitate the picture of a limited COVID-19 pathological picture.
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6
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Kashir J, Ambia AR, Shafqat A, Sajid MR, AlKattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Scientific premise for the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:725-734. [PMID: 34467562 PMCID: PMC8667645 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5covr0621-320rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following on from the devastating spread of COVID‐19, a major global priority has been the production, procurement, and distribution of effective vaccines to ensure that the global pandemic reaches an end. However, concerns were raised about worrying side effects, particularly the occurrence of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after administration of the Oxford/AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID‐19 vaccine, in a phenomenon being termed vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Similar to heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), this condition has been associated with the development of anti‐platelet factor 4 antibodies, purportedly leading to neutrophil‐platelet aggregate formation. Although thrombosis has also been a common association with COVID‐19, the precise molecular mechanisms governing its occurrence are yet to be established. Recently, increasing evidence highlights the NLRP3 (NOD‐like, leucine‐rich repeat domains, and pyrin domain‐containing protein) inflammasome complex along with IL‐1β and effete neutrophils producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through NETosis. Herein, we propose and discuss that perhaps the incidence of VITT may be due to inflammatory reactions mediated via IL‐1β/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent overproduction of NETs, where similar autoimmune mechanisms are observed in HIT. We also discuss avenues by which such modalities could be treated to prevent the occurrence of adverse events and ensure vaccine rollouts remain safe and on target to end the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Kashir
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Areez Shafqat
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Mendonça SA, Lorincz R, Boucher P, Curiel DT. Adenoviral vector vaccine platforms in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:97. [PMID: 34354082 PMCID: PMC8342436 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been explored as vaccine agents for a range of infectious diseases, and their ability to induce a potent and balanced immune response made them logical candidates to apply to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique molecular characteristics of these vectors enabled the rapid development of vaccines with advanced designs capable of overcoming the biological challenges faced by early adenoviral vector systems. These successes and the urgency of the COVID-19 situation have resulted in a flurry of candidate adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19 from both academia and industry. These vaccines represent some of the lead candidates currently supported by Operation Warp Speed and other government agencies for rapid translational development. This review details adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines currently in human clinical trials and provides an overview of the new technologies employed in their design. As these vaccines have formed a cornerstone of the COVID-19 global vaccination campaign, this review provides a full consideration of the impact and development of this emerging platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reka Lorincz
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Boucher
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Radiation Oncology Department. 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Daussy CF, Pied N, Wodrich H. Understanding Post Entry Sorting of Adenovirus Capsids; A Chance to Change Vaccine Vector Properties. Viruses 2021; 13:1221. [PMID: 34202573 PMCID: PMC8310329 DOI: 10.3390/v13071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vector-based genetic vaccines have emerged as a powerful strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 health crisis. This success is not unexpected because adenoviruses combine many desirable features of a genetic vaccine. They are highly immunogenic and have a low and well characterized pathogenic profile paired with technological approachability. Ongoing efforts to improve adenovirus-vaccine vectors include the use of rare serotypes and non-human adenoviruses. In this review, we focus on the viral capsid and how the choice of genotypes influences the uptake and subsequent subcellular sorting. We describe how understanding capsid properties, such as stability during the entry process, can change the fate of the entering particles and how this translates into differences in immunity outcomes. We discuss in detail how mutating the membrane lytic capsid protein VI affects species C viruses' post-entry sorting and briefly discuss if such approaches could have a wider implication in vaccine and/or vector development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harald Wodrich
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, MFP CNRS UMR 5234, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, CEDEX, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.F.D.); (N.P.)
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9
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Goldman M, Hermans C. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccination: Possible paths to platelet factor 4 autoimmunity. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003648. [PMID: 34029337 PMCID: PMC8153497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Michel Goldman and Cédric Hermans discuss thrombotic mechanisms in COVID-19 and rare adverse reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goldman
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hermans
- Division of Hematology, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Amanat F, Strohmeier S, Rathnasinghe R, Schotsaert M, Coughlan L, García-Sastre A, Krammer F. Introduction of Two Prolines and Removal of the Polybasic Cleavage Site Lead to Higher Efficacy of a Recombinant Spike-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the Mouse Model. mBio 2021; 12:e02648-20. [PMID: 33653892 PMCID: PMC8092267 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02648-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the prime target for vaccine development. The spike protein mediates both binding to host cells and membrane fusion and is also so far the only known viral target of neutralizing antibodies. Coronavirus spike proteins are large trimers that are relatively unstable, a feature that might be enhanced by the presence of a polybasic cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike. Exchange of K986 and V987 for prolines has been shown to stabilize the trimers of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike proteins. Here, we test multiple versions of a soluble spike protein for their immunogenicity and protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a mouse model that transiently expresses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 via adenovirus transduction. Variants tested include spike proteins with a deleted polybasic cleavage site, proline mutations, or a combination thereof, besides the wild-type protein. While all versions of the protein were able to induce neutralizing antibodies, only the antigen with both a deleted cleavage site and the K986P and V987P (PP) mutations completely protected from challenge in this mouse model.IMPORTANCE A vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. A better understanding of antigen design and attributes that vaccine candidates need to have to induce protective immunity is of high importance. The data presented here validate the choice of antigens that contain the PP mutations and suggest that deletion of the polybasic cleavage site may lead to a further-optimized design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Habib O, Mohd Sakri R, Ghazalli N, Chau DM, Ling KH, Abdullah S. Limited expression of non-integrating CpG-free plasmid is associated with increased nucleosome enrichment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244386. [PMID: 33347482 PMCID: PMC7751972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG-free pDNA was reported to facilitate sustained transgene expression with minimal inflammation in vivo as compared to CpG-containing pDNA. However, the expression potential and impact of CpG-free pDNA in in vitro model have never been described. Hence, in this study, we analyzed the transgene expression profiles of CpG-free pDNA in vitro to determine the influence of CpG depletion from the transgene. We found that in contrast to the published in vivo studies, CpG-free pDNA expressed a significantly lower level of luciferase than CpG-rich pDNA in several human cell lines. By comparing novel CpG-free pDNA carrying CpG-free GFP (pZGFP: 0 CpG) to CpG-rich GFP (pRGFP: 60 CpGs), we further showed that the discrepancy was not influenced by external factors such as gene transfer agent, cell species, cell type, and cytotoxicity. Moreover, pZGFP exhibited reduced expression despite having equal gene dosage as pRGFP. Analysis of mRNA distribution revealed that the mRNA export of pZGFP and pRGFP was similar; however, the steady state mRNA level of pZGFP was significantly lower. Upon further investigation, we found that the CpG-free transgene in non-integrating CpG-free pDNA backbone acquired increased nucleosome enrichment as compared with CpG-rich transgene, which may explain the observed reduced level of steady state mRNA. Our findings suggest that nucleosome enrichment could regulate non-integrating CpG-free pDNA expression and has implications on pDNA design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Habib
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Mohd Sakri
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Ghazalli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Rathnasinghe R, Strohmeier S, Amanat F, Gillespie VL, Krammer F, García-Sastre A, Coughlan L, Schotsaert M, Uccellini MB. Comparison of transgenic and adenovirus hACE2 mouse models for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2433-2445. [PMID: 33073694 PMCID: PMC7655046 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1838955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Development of animal models that recapitulate important aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for the evaluation of vaccines and antivirals, and understanding disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) [1-3]. Due to amino acid differences between murine and hACE2, inbred mouse strains fail to support high titer viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, a number of transgenic and knock-in mouse models, as well as viral vector-mediated hACE2 delivery systems have been developed. Here we compared the K18-hACE2 transgenic model to adenovirus-mediated delivery of hACE2 to the mouse lung. We show that K18-hACE2 mice replicate virus to high titers in the nasal turbinates, lung and brain, with high lethality, and cytokine/chemokine production. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated delivery results in viral replication to lower titers limited to the nasal turbinates and lung, and no clinical signs of infection. The K18-hACE2 model provides a stringent model for testing vaccines and antivirals, whereas the adenovirus delivery system has the flexibility to be used across multiple genetic backgrounds and modified mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia L. Gillespie
- The Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery (CCMS) Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa B. Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Rathnasinghe R, Strohmeier S, Amanat F, Gillespie VL, Krammer F, García-Sastre A, Coughlan L, Schotsaert M, Uccellini M. Comparison of Transgenic and Adenovirus hACE2 Mouse Models for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.07.06.190066. [PMID: 32676603 PMCID: PMC7359525 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.06.190066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Development of animal models that recapitulate important aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for the evaluation of vaccines and antivirals, and understanding disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)(1-3). Due to amino acid differences between murine and hACE2, inbred mouse strains fail to support high titer viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, a number of transgenic and knock-in mouse models, as well as viral vector-mediated hACE2 delivery systems have been developed. Here we compared the K18-hACE2 transgenic model to adenovirus-mediated delivery of hACE2 to the mouse lung. We show that K18-hACE2 mice replicate virus to high titers in both the lung and brain leading to lethality. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated delivery results in viral replication to lower titers limited to the lung, and no clinical signs of infection with a challenge dose of 10 4 plaque forming units. The K18-hACE2 model provides a stringent model for testing the ability of vaccines and antivirals to protect against disease, whereas the adenovirus delivery system has the flexibility to be used across multiple genetic backgrounds and modified mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Virginia L. Gillespie
- The Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery (CCMS) Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Coughlan L. Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32508823 PMCID: PMC7248264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for infectious disease, including their capacity for high titer growth, ease of manipulation, safety, and immunogenicity in clinical studies, as well as their compatibility with clinical manufacturing and thermo-stabilization procedures. In general, Ad vectors are immunogenic vaccines, which elicit robust transgene antigen-specific cellular (namely CD8+ T cells) and/or humoral immune responses. A large number of adenoviruses isolated from humans and non-human primates, which have low seroprevalence in humans, have been vectorized and tested as vaccines in animal models and humans. However, a distinct hierarchy of immunological potency has been identified between diverse Ad vectors, which unfortunately limits the potential use of many vectors which have otherwise desirable manufacturing characteristics. The precise mechanistic factors which underlie the profound disparities in immunogenicity are not clearly defined and are the subject of ongoing, detailed investigation. It has been suggested that a combination of factors contribute to the potent immunogenicity of particular Ad vectors, including the magnitude and duration of vaccine antigen expression following immunization. Furthermore, the excessive induction of Type I interferons by some Ad vectors has been suggested to impair transgene expression levels, dampening subsequent immune responses. Therefore, the induction of balanced, but not excessive stimulation of innate signaling is optimal. Entry factor binding or receptor usage of distinct Ad vectors can also affect their in vivo tropism following administration by different routes. The abundance and accessibility of innate immune cells and/or antigen-presenting cells at the site of injection contributes to early innate immune responses to Ad vaccination, affecting the outcome of the adaptive immune response. Although a significant amount of information exists regarding the tropism determinants of the common human adenovirus type-5 vector, very little is known about the receptor usage and tropism of rare species or non-human Ad vectors. Increased understanding of how different facets of the host response to Ad vectors contribute to their immunological potency will be essential for the development of optimized and customized Ad vaccine platforms for specific diseases.
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15
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Hara K, Fukumura M, Ohtsuka J, Kawano M, Nosaka T. Human parainfluenza virus type 2 vector induces dendritic cell maturation without viral RNA replication/transcription. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:683-91. [PMID: 23790317 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC), a most potent antigen-presenting cell, plays a key role in vaccine therapy against infectious diseases and malignant tumors. Although advantages of viral vectors for vaccine therapy have been reported, potential risks for adverse effects prevent them from being licensed for clinical use. Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV2), one of the members of the Paramyxoviridae family, is a nonsegmented and negative-stranded RNA virus. We have developed a reverse genetics system for the production of infectious hPIV2 lacking the F gene (hPIV2ΔF), wherein various advantages for vaccine therapy exist, such as cytoplasmic replication/transcription, nontransmissible infectivity, and extremely high transduction efficacy in various types of target cells. Here we demonstrate that hPIV2ΔF shows high transduction efficiency in human DCs, while not so high in mouse DCs. In addition, hPIV2ΔF sufficiently induces maturation of both human and murine DCs, and the maturation state of both human and murine DCs is almost equivalent to that induced by lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, alkylating agent β-propiolactone-inactivated hPIV2ΔF (BPL-hPIV2ΔF) elicits DC maturation without viral replication/transcription. These results suggest that hPIV2ΔF may be a useful tool for vaccine therapy as a novel type of paramyxoviral vector, which is single-round infectious vector and has potential adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Hara
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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16
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Krause A, Xu Y, Ross S, Wu W, Joh J, Worgall S. Absence of vaccine-enhanced RSV disease and changes in pulmonary dendritic cells with adenovirus-based RSV vaccine. Virol J 2011; 8:375. [PMID: 21801372 PMCID: PMC3166937 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been hampered by the risk for vaccine-enhanced RSV pulmonary disease induced by immunization with formalin-inactivated RSV (FIRSV). This study focuses on the evaluation of vaccine-enhanced pulmonary disease following immunization with AdF.RGD, an integrin-targeted adenovirus vector that expresses the RSV F protein and includes an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif. Immunization of BALB/c mice with AdF.RGD, resulted in anti-RSV protective immunity and induced increased RSV-specific IFN-γ T cell responses compared to FIRSV. RSV infection 5 wk after immunization with FIRSV induced pulmonary inflammatory responses in the lung, that was not observed with AdF.RGD. Additionally, In the FIRSV-immunized mice following infection with RSV, pulmonary DC increased and Tregs decreased. This suggests that distinct responses of pulmonary DC and Tregs are a features of vaccine-enhanced RSV disease and that immunization with an RGD-modified Ad vaccine does not trigger vaccine-enhanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Krause
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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17
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miRNA-mediated silencing in hepatocytes can increase adaptive immune responses to adenovirus vector-delivered transgenic antigens. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1547-57. [PMID: 21556053 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors based on human serotype 5 can induce potent CD8 T cell responses to vector-encoded transgenic antigens. However, the individual contribution of different cell types expressing antigen upon adenovirus vector injection to the generation of antigen-directed adaptive immune responses is poorly understood so far. We investigated the role of hepatocytes, skeletal muscle, and hematopoietic cells for the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses by miRNA-mediated tissue-specific silencing of antigen expression. Using hepatitis B small surface antigen (HBsAg) as the vector-encoded transgene we show that adenovirus vector dissemination from an intramuscular (i.m.) injection site into the liver followed by HBsAg expression in hepatocytes can limit early priming of CD8 T cells and the generation of anti-HBsAg antibody responses. However, hepatocyte-specific miRNA122a-mediated silencing of HBsAg expression overcame these limitations. Early clonal expansion of K(b)/S(190-197)-specific CD8 T cells was significantly enhanced and improved polyfunctionality of CD8 T cells was found. Furthermore, miRNA122a-mediated antigen silencing induced significantly higher anti-HBsAg antibody titers allowing an up to 100-fold vector dose reduction. These results indicate that miRNA-mediated regulation of antigen expression in the context of adenovirus vectors can significantly improve transgene product-directed immune responses. This finding could be of interest for future adenovirus vaccine vector development.
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18
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Yang TC, Millar JB, Grinshtein N, Bassett J, Finn J, Bramson JL. T-cell immunity generated by recombinant adenovirus vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 6:347-56. [PMID: 17542750 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.3.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus vaccines show great promise for generating protective immunity against infectious agents and tumors. Our studies have identified several interesting biological features of the adenovirus vector that influence the T-cell response. Notably, we have demonstrated that following immunization with adenovirus vaccines, the transgene antigen remains available to the system for a longer period than would be expected, resulting in a T-cell population with a sustained effector phenotype. The implications of these observations with regards to the utility of adenovirus vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chih Yang
- Center for Gene Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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19
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A comparative study on the immunotherapeutic efficacy of recombinant Semliki Forest virus and adenovirus vector systems in a murine model for cervical cancer. Gene Ther 2007; 14:1695-704. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Li C, Hirsch M, Asokan A, Zeithaml B, Ma H, Kafri T, Samulski RJ. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) capsid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate only vector-transduced cells coexpressing the AAV2 capsid in vivo. J Virol 2007; 81:7540-7. [PMID: 17475652 PMCID: PMC1933335 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00529-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent clinical trial has suggested that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector transduction in humans induces a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the AAV2 capsid. To directly address the ability of AAV capsid-specific CTLs to eliminate rAAV-transduced cells in vitro and in vivo in mice, we first demonstrated that AAV2 capsid-specific CTLs could be induced by dendritic cells with endogenous AAV2 capsid expression or pulsed with AAV2 vectors. These CTLs were able to kill a cell line stable for capsid expression in vitro and also in a mouse tumor xenograft model in vivo. Parent colon carcinoma (CT26) cells transduced with a large amount of AAV2 vectors in vitro were also destroyed by these CTLs. To determine the effect of CTLs on the elimination of target cells transduced by AAV2 vectors in vivo, we carried out adoptive transfer experiments. CTLs eliminated liver cells with endogenous AAV2 capsid expression but not liver cells transduced by AAV2 vectors, regardless of the reporter genes. Similar results were obtained for rAAV2 transduction in muscle. Our data strongly suggest that AAV vector-transduced cells are rarely eliminated by AAV2 capsid-specific CTLs in vivo, even though the AAV capsid can induce a CTL response. In conclusion, AAV capsid-specific CTLs do not appear to play a role in elimination of rAAV-transduced cells in a mouse model. In addition, our data suggest that the mouse model may not mimic the immune response noted in humans and additional modification to AAV vectors may be required for further study in order to elicit a similar cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Li
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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21
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Yoneyama Y, Ueda Y, Akutsu Y, Matsunaga A, Shimada H, Kato T, Kubota-Akizawa M, Okano S, Shibata S, Sueishi K, Hasegawa M, Ochiai T, Yonemitsu Y. Development of immunostimulatory virotherapy using non-transmissible Sendai virus-activated dendritic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:129-35. [PMID: 17292867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been clinically evaluated, however, still requires modification to improve its outcomes. We previously demonstrated that DCs activated by replication competent recombinant Sendai virus (SeV) showed dramatic efficacy over that seen in use of current DC vaccine for immunotherapy against malignancies; however, application of replication-deficient vector is more relevant in clinical setting. We here show that F-gene-deleted non-transmissible Sendai virus (SeV/dF)-activated DCs (DCs/SeV/dF) has strong antitumor effects against murine SCCVII tumor, that was well-known as a less immunogenic cell line. SeV/dF shows high transfection efficiency to DCs and leads them to upregulate costimulatory molecules. Intratumoral injection of DCs/SeV/dF resulted in a marked and representative inhibition of the tumor, even when the tumors were well-vascularized. This is the first demonstration that non-transmissible SeV vector, SeV/dF, could be a DC-activator; DC/SeV/dF-based cancer immunotherapy may, therefore, warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yoneyama
- Department of Gene Therapy, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Caetano BC, Bruña-Romero O, Fux B, Mendes EA, Penido MLO, Gazzinelli RT. Vaccination with replication-deficient recombinant adenoviruses encoding the main surface antigens of toxoplasma gondii induces immune response and protection against infection in mice. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:415-26. [PMID: 16610929 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated recombinant adenoviruses encoding three genetically modified surface antigens (SAGs) of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, that is, AdSAG1, AdSAG2, and AdSAG3. Modifications included the removal of their glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring motifs and, in some cases, the exchange of the native signal peptide for influenza virus hemagglutinin signal sequence. Adenovirus immunization of BALB/c mice elicited potent antibody responses against each protein, displaying a significant bias toward a helper T cell type 1 (Th1) profile in animals vaccinated with AdSAG1. Furthermore, the presence of parasite-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells was analyzed by proliferation assays and enzyme-linked immunospot assays in the same animals. Splenocytes from immunized mice secreted IFN-gamma after in vitro stimulation with tachyzoite lysate antigen or with a fraction enriched for membrane-purified GPI-anchored proteins (F3) from the T. gondii tachyzoite surface. Epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells were identified in SAG1 and SAG3, but not SAG2, sequences, although this protein also induced a specific response. We also tested the capacity of the immune responses detected to protect mice against a challenge with live T. gondii parasites. Although no protection was observed against tachyzoites of the highly virulent RH strain, a significant reduction in cyst loads in the brain was observed in animals challenged with the P-Br strain. Thus, up to 80% of the cysts were eliminated from animals vaccinated with a mixture of the three recombinant viruses. Because adenoviruses seemed capable of inducing Th1-biased protective immune responses against T. gondii antigens, other parasite antigens should be tested alone or in combination with those described here to further develop a protective vaccine against toxoplasmosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Immunity, Active
- Immunity, Cellular
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Vaccines/genetics
- Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
- Recombination, Genetic
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Virus Replication/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bráulia C Caetano
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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23
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Caetano BC, Bruna-Romero O, Fux B, Mendes EA, Penido MLO, Gazzinelli RT. Vaccination with Replication-Deficient Recombinant Adenoviruses Encoding the Main Surface Antigens of Toxoplasma gondii Induces Immune Response and Protection Against Infection in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Harui A, Roth MD, Kiertscher SM, Mitani K, Basak SK. Vaccination with helper-dependent adenovirus enhances the generation of transgene-specific CTL. Gene Ther 2005; 11:1617-26. [PMID: 15295617 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral vectors (AdV) have been used experimentally as vaccines to present antigenic transgenes in vivo. However, administration of first-generation vectors (FG-AdV) is often limited by their induction of antiviral immunity. To address this limitation, helper-dependent vectors (HD-AdV) were developed that lack viral coding regions. While the administration of HD-AdV results in long-term gene expression in vivo, their utility as immunogens has never been examined. Direct vaccination with 10(8) blue-forming units (BFU) of HD-AdV injected into C57BL/6 mice lead to superior transgene-specific CTL and antibody responses when compared to the same amount of a FG-AdV. The antibody responses to viral antigens were high in response to both the vectors. As a mechanism to reduce viral exposure, dendritic cells (DC) were transduced with HD-AdV in vitro and then used as a cell-based vaccine. DC transduced with HD-AdV expressed higher levels of transgene-specific mRNA and up to 1200-fold higher levels of transgene protein than did DC transduced with a FG-AdV. In addition, HD-AdV-transduced DC stimulated superior transgene-specific CTL responses when administered in vivo, an effect that was further enhanced by maturing the DC with LPS prior to administration. In contrast to direct immunization with HD-AdV, vaccination with HD-AdV-transduced DC was associated with limited antibody responses against the AdV. We conclude that HD-AdV stimulates superior transgene-specific immune responses when compared to a FG-AdV, and that immunization with a DC-based vaccine maintains this efficacy while limiting antiviral reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harui
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA
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25
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Shao C, Qu J, He L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhou H, Wang Y, Liu X. Dendritic cells transduced with an adenovirus vector encoding interleukin-12 are a potent vaccine for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Genes Immun 2005; 6:103-14. [PMID: 15674391 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a common and devastating pneumonia. We developed a novel antiinfective vaccine that couples the potent Ag-presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) with paracrine delivery of interleukin-12 (IL-12) to local immune response sites. Our results showed that DCs engulfed Aspergillus conidia through coiling phagocytosis. Transfection of DCs with adenovirus encoding the cDNA of IL-12 did not affect their morphology and capacity to engulf conidia. The transduced DCs secreted IL-12, which was biologically active, to induce the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) from spleen cells. Adoptive transfer of DCs pulsed with heat-inactivated Aspergillus fumigatus (HAF) to naive mice induced the Ag-specific production of IFN-gamma; the transduced HAF-pulsed DCs augmented this immune response further. Animals receiving HAF-pulsed DCs had lower fungal burdens, a more than three-fold higher survival rate at day 3. This protection was associated with a pronounced enhancement in the Aspergillus-specific IFN-gamma response. IL-12-engineered DCs augmented this protection strikingly as judged by a higher survival, and almost no Aspergillus could be detected in the lung of mice that had received IL-12-transduced HAF-pulsed DCs. These results suggest that antigen-pulsed DCs and IL-12 gene therapy could be used as adjunct therapy for aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, University of Fudan, Shanghai, China
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26
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de Gruijl TD, Pinedo HM, Scheper RJ. Immunotherapy of Cancer by Dendritic Cell-Targeted Gene Transfer. Cancer Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-785-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Kühnel F, Schulte B, Wirth T, Woller N, Schäfers S, Zender L, Manns M, Kubicka S. Protein transduction domains fused to virus receptors improve cellular virus uptake and enhance oncolysis by tumor-specific replicating vectors. J Virol 2004; 78:13743-54. [PMID: 15564483 PMCID: PMC533898 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.24.13743-13754.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of cellular receptors determines viral tropism and limits gene delivery by viral vectors. Protein transduction domains (PTDs) have been shown to deliver proteins, antisense oligonucleotides, liposomes, or plasmid DNA into cells. In our study, we investigated the role of several PTD motifs in adenoviral infection. When physiologically expressed, a PTD from human immunodeficiency virus transactivator of transcription (Tat) did not improve adenoviral infection. We therefore fused PTDs to the ectodomain of the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR(ex)) to attach PTDs to adenoviral fiber knobs. CAR(ex)-Tat and CAR(ex)-VP22 allowed efficient adenoviral infection in nonpermissive cells and significantly improved viral uptake rates in permissive cells. Dose-dependent competition of CAR(ex)-PTD-mediated infection using CAR(ex) and inhibition experiments with heparin showed that binding of CAR(ex)-PTD to both adenoviral fiber and cellular glycosaminoglycans is essential for the improvement of infection. CAR(ex)-PTD-treated adenoviruses retained their properties after density gradient ultracentrifugation, indicating stable binding of CAR(ex)-PTD to adenoviral particles. Consequently, the mechanism of CAR(ex)-PTD-mediated infection involves coating of the viral fiber knobs by CAR(ex)-PTD, rather than placement of CAR(ex) domains on cell surfaces. Expression of CAR(ex)-PTDs led to enhanced lysis of permissive and nonpermissive tumor cells by replicating adenoviruses, indicating that CAR(ex)-PTDs are valuable tools to improve the efficacy of oncolytic therapy. Together, our study shows that CAR(ex)-PTDs facilitate gene transfer in nonpermissive cells and improve viral uptake at reduced titers and infection times. The data suggest that PTDs fused to virus binding receptors may be a valuable tool to overcome natural tropism of vectors and could be of great interest for gene therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Ye YL, Lee YL, Chuang ZJ, Lai HJ, Chen CC, Tao MH, Chiang BL. Dendritic cells modulated by cytokine-expressing adenoviruses alleviate eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in an animal model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:88-96. [PMID: 15241349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been found that TH1-related cytokines can decrease the accumulation of eosinophils in lung tissue and relieve airway constriction. OBJECTIVE Dendritic cells (DCs) have been found to prime naive T-helper cells efficiently. In this study, DCs infected with TH1 cytokine-expressing adenovirus can be used to induce antigen-specific TH1 cells for treatment in an animal model of asthma. METHODS Cytokine gene-modulated DCs pulsed with ovalbumin antigen (OVA) were injected intravenously into naive mice 1 week before sensitization with OVA antigen. The mice were then monitored for OVA-specific IgE, airway inflammatory cell infiltration, and airway hyperresponsiveness in the study. RESULTS Significant levels of IL-12 or IL-18 were expressed by Ad-IL-12 or Ad-IL-18 infected, bone marrow-derived DCs. Ad-IL-12 and Ad-IL-18 co-infected DCs effectively, decreasing sera anti-OVA IgE antibody levels, lung eosinophilia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSION We concluded that DCs modulated by TH1-prone cytokine-expressing adenoviruses can alleviate TH2-type airway inflammation in a murine model and can provide possible therapeutic application for DCs in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Ophorst OJAE, Kostense S, Goudsmit J, De Swart RL, Verhaagh S, Zakhartchouk A, Van Meijer M, Sprangers M, Van Amerongen G, Yüksel S, Osterhaus ADME, Havenga MJE. An adenoviral type 5 vector carrying a type 35 fiber as a vaccine vehicle: DC targeting, cross neutralization, and immunogenicity. Vaccine 2004; 22:3035-44. [PMID: 15297053 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Substituting the coat proteins of adenoviral vector serotype 5 (Ad5) can alter vector tropism and circumvent vector neutralization. Here we report that an Ad5 vector carrying a part of the fiber molecule of human subgroup B adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad5.Fib35) transduces cultured human dendritic cells (DC) and circulating myeloid derived DC with approximately 10-fold greater efficiency than Ad5 in vitro. The improved DC transduction results in increased T-cell activation ex vivo. In vivo however, immunogenicity of the vectors in mice and non-human primates did not correlate with in vitro DC tropism. Ad5.Fib35 was less immunogenic in monkeys than Ad5, despite the improved primate DC tropism of Ad5.Fib35. In mice with high Ad5 vector-specific immunity, Ad5.Fib35 showed no significant difference in anti-insert immunity over Ad5 indicating that fiber exchange alone does not evade pre-existing Ad5 immunity. We thus conclude that, for ex vivo vaccination, Ad5.Fib35 shows promise as vector for loading of DC but is unable to circumvent anti-Ad5 immunity limiting its in vivo utility.
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Mercier S, Verhaagh S, Goudsmit J, Lemckert A, Monteil M, Havenga M, Eloit M. Adenovirus fibre exchange alters cell tropism in vitro but not transgene-specific T CD8+ immune responses in vivo. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:1227-1236. [PMID: 15105539 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.79846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer with recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) is a powerful means of inducing an immune response against a transgene product. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the induction of the immune response after intramuscular inoculation of adenovirus and, in particular, the relative role of the different cell types transduced. Several studies have suggested that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses elicited after inoculation of adenoviruses (Ads) are induced both by direct transduction of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and by cross-priming. In the present study, a library of fibre-chimeric rAds was screened in order to identify rAds with distinct capacities to express transgene product in murine cell types naturally found in muscle, i.e. myoblasts, endothelial cells (both representing non-APCs) and dendritic cells (representing APCs). Four selected pseudotypes, differing in their ability to infect muscular cells were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice. The relationship between the capacity to transduce non-APC or APC in vitro and the ability to induce humoral and cellular responses against the beta-galactosidase antigen after intramuscular inoculation were studied. Results indicate that CD8+ T cell responses against the beta-galactosidase antigen were similar after inoculation of the four viruses, thus revealing no direct relationship with their ability to transduce myoblasts, endothelial cells or dendritic cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mercier
- UMR INRA-AFSSA-ENVA 1161, Virologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - S Verhaagh
- Crucell Holland BV, PO Box 2048, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Goudsmit
- Crucell Holland BV, PO Box 2048, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Lemckert
- Crucell Holland BV, PO Box 2048, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Monteil
- UMR INRA-AFSSA-ENVA 1161, Virologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - M Havenga
- Crucell Holland BV, PO Box 2048, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Eloit
- UMR INRA-AFSSA-ENVA 1161, Virologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Mercier S, Rouard H, Delfau-Larue MH, Eloit M. Specific antibodies modulate the interactions of adenovirus type 5 with dendritic cells. Virology 2004; 322:308-17. [PMID: 15110528 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is able to induce an efficient CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) response against a transgene product, a property thought to be linked to its ability to transduce dendritic cells (DCs). Little, however, is known about the capacity of Ad5 to interact with DCs in the presence of specific antibodies, although most people test positive for antibodies directed against Ad5. In the present study, we found that in the presence of Ad5 antibodies, a large fraction of Ad5 binds very efficiently to DCs, and that this binding is FcgammaRII/FcgammaRIII dependent. Nevertheless, in the presence of high levels of antibodies against the whole virion, Ad5 entry was inhibited. Increased binding led to increased entry in DCs in the presence of fiber-specific antibodies or in the presence of low amounts of a whole antiserum raised against whole virions, showing that the relative concentration of antibodies directed against fiber and penton base plays a major role in entry efficacy. Nevertheless, mice previously immunized with virions or purified fiber developed a lower transgene-specific CD8+ T cell response than naive mice, although their serum appeared to increase virus entry into DCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mercier
- UMR INRA-AFSSA-ENVA 1161, Virologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Afort Cedex, France
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Basak SK, Kiertscher SM, Harui A, Roth MD. Modifying Adenoviral Vectors for Use as Gene-Based Cancer Vaccines. Viral Immunol 2004; 17:182-96. [PMID: 15279698 DOI: 10.1089/0882824041310603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has produced significant advances in our understanding of antigen-presenting cells, tumor antigens, and other components of the immune response to cancer. Gene-based vaccination is emerging as one of the more promising approaches for loading dendritic cells (DC) with tumor-associated antigens. In this respect, it is proposed that adenoviral (AdV) vectors can deliver high antigen concentrations, promote effective processing and MHC expression, and stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity. While AdV vectors have performed well in pre-clinical vaccine models, their application to patient care has limitations. The in vivo administration of AdV vectors is associated with both innate and adaptive host responses that result in tissue inflammation and injury, viral neutralization, and premature clearance of AdV-transduced cells. A variety of strategies have been developed to address these limitations. The ideal vaccine would avoid vector-related immune responses, have relative specificity for transducing DC, and induce high levels of transgene expression. This review describes the range of host responses to AdV vaccines, identifies strategies to reduce viral recognition and enhance transgene antigen expression, and suggests future approaches to vector development and administration. There is every reason to believe that safer and more effective forms of AdV-based vaccines can be developed and applied to patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Basak
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1690, USA
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Disson O, Haouzi D, Desagher S, Loesch K, Hahne M, Kremer EJ, Jacquet C, Lemon SM, Hibner U, Lerat H. Impaired clearance of virus-infected hepatocytes in transgenic mice expressing the hepatitis C virus polyprotein. Gastroenterology 2004; 126:859-72. [PMID: 14988840 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Multiple molecular mechanisms are likely to contribute to the establishment of persistent infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this work was to study the evasion of cell-mediated antiviral immune responses in transgenic mice with liver-targeted expression of the hepatitis C viral genome. These mice develop steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and constitute a murine model of chronic HCV infection. METHODS Mice of the FL-N/35 lineage were infected with replication-deficient adenoviral vectors encoding beta-galactosidase, and the persistence of infected cells was measured by histochemistry and enzymatic assays. RESULTS Hepatocytes from the HCV(+) transgenic mice are deficient in eliminating an adenoviral infection, despite an apparently normal T-cell response. The defect in adenoviral clearance was associated with resistance of transgenic hepatocytes to apoptosis induced by Fas/APO1/CD95 death receptor stimulation, a major pathway of cell killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The attenuation of Fas-mediated apoptosis observed in the murine model was associated with a reduced abundance of Bid, a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that viral evasion of cell-mediated immune responses leading to apoptotic death of hepatocytes may contribute to viral persistence. Such a mechanism might also contribute to the development of liver cancer in HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Disson
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5535, IFR 122, Montpelier, France
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Molinier-Frenkel V, Prévost-Blondel A, Hong SS, Lengagne R, Boudaly S, Magnusson MK, Boulanger P, Guillet JG. The maturation of murine dendritic cells induced by human adenovirus is mediated by the fiber knob domain. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:37175-82. [PMID: 12855705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303496200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-mediated maturation of bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (DC) using (i) Ad5 vectors with wild-type capsid (AdE1 degrees, AdGFP); (ii) Ad5 vector mutant deleted of the fiber C-terminal knob domain (AdGFPDeltaknob); and (iii) capsid components isolated from Ad5-infected cells or expressed as recombinant proteins, hexon, penton, penton base, full-length fiber, fiber knob, and fiber mutants. We found that penton capsomer (penton base linked to its fiber projection), full-length fiber protein, and its isolated knob domain were all capable of inducing DC maturation, whereas no significant DC maturation was observed for hexon or penton base alone. This capacity was severely reduced for AdGFPDeltaknob and for fiber protein deletion mutants lacking the beta-stranded region F of the knob (residues Leu-485-Thr-486). The DC maturation effect was fully retained in a recombinant fiber protein deleted of the HI loop (FiDeltaHI), a fiber (Fi) deletion mutant that failed to trimerize, suggesting that the fiber knob-mediated DC activation did not depend on the integrity of the HI loop and on the trimeric status of the fiber. Interestingly, peptide-pulsed DC that had been stimulated with Ad5 knob protein induced a potent CD8+ T cell response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- Département d'Immunologie, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR 8104, Laboratoire membre de l'Institut Fédératif de Recherche 116, Université R. Descartes, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Over the past ten years significant advances have been made in the fields of gene therapy and tumour immunology, such that there now exists a considerable body of evidence validating the proof in the principle of gene therapy based cancer vaccines. While clinical benefit has so far been marginal, data from preclinical and early clinical trials of gene therapy combined with standard therapies are strongly suggestive of additional benefit. Many reasons have been proposed to explain the paucity of clinical responses to single agent vaccination strategies including the poor antigenicity of tumour cells and the development of tolerance through down-regulation of MHC, costimulatory, signal transduction, and other molecules essential for the generation of strong immune responses. In addition, there is now evidence from animal models that the growing tumour may actively inhibit the host immune response. Removal of the primary tumour prior to T cell transfer from the spleen of cancer bearing animals, led to effective tumour cell line specific immunity in the recipient mouse suggesting that there is an ongoing tumour-host interaction. This model also illustrates the potential difficulties of clinical vaccine trials in patients with advanced stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susy M Scholl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'ulm 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Silke Michaelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'ulm 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'ulm 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Wiethe C, Dittmar K, Doan T, Lindenmaier W, Tindle R. Provision of 4-1BB ligand enhances effector and memory CTL responses generated by immunization with dendritic cells expressing a human tumor-associated antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:2912-22. [PMID: 12626542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.6.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of receptor-ligand pairs during interaction of an MHC-presented epitope on dendritic cells (DCs) with cognate TCR may amplify, sustain, and drive diversity in the ensuing T cell immune response. Members of the TNF ligand superfamily and the TNFR superfamily contribute to this costimulatory molecule signaling. In this study, we used replication deficient adenoviruses to introduce a model tumor-associated Ag (the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus 16) and the T cell costimulatory molecule 4-1BBL into murine DCs, and monitored the ability of these recombinant DCs to elicit E7-directed T cell responses following immunization. Splenocytes from mice immunized with DCs expressing E7 alone elicited E7-directed effector and memory CTL responses. Coexpression of 4-1BBL in these E7-expressing DCs increased effector and memory CTL responses when they were used for immunization. 4-1BBL expression up-regulated CD80 and CD86 second signaling molecules in DCs. We also report an additive effect of 4-1BBL and receptor activator of NF-kappa B/receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand coexpression in E7-transduced DC immunogens on E7-directed effector and memory CTL responses and on MHC class II and CD80/86 expression in DCs. Additionally, expression of 4-1BBL in E7-transduced DCs reduced nonspecific T cell activation characteristic of adenovirus vector-associated immunization. The results have generic implications for improved or tumor Ag-expressing DC vaccines by incorporation of exogenous 4-1BBL. There are also specific implications for an improved DC-based vaccine for human papillomavirus 16-associated cervical carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- 4-1BB Ligand
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/biosynthesis
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/physiology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-2 Antigen
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Genetic Vectors
- Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Osteoprotegerin
- RANK Ligand
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Recombination, Genetic
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Wiethe
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Braunschweig, Germany
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