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Zhong Z, Zhai Y, Bu P, Shah S, Qiao L. Papilloma-pseudovirus eradicates intestinal tumours and triples the lifespan of Apc Min/+ mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15004. [PMID: 28397782 PMCID: PMC5394268 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing tumour-specific adaptive immunity, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, can result in promising antitumour effect against several human malignancies, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade strategies. However, little is known whether activation of innate immunity can lead to direct tumoricidal effect. Here, we develop a papilloma pseudovirus-based oral immunotherapeutic approach that shows strong tumoricidal effects in the gut, resulting in an almost tripled lifespan of ApcMin/+ mice (an animal model of human intestinal tumorigenesis). Mechanistically, these pseudoviruses activate the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, leading to caspase-1-mediated tumour regression that is dependent on neither cytotoxic T lymphocytes nor humoral immune response. Blocking caspase-1 activation abrogated the therapeutic effects of the pseudoviruses. Thus, targeting innate immune sensors in tumours by the pseudoviruses might represent a strategy to treat intestinal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Yougang Zhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Ping Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA
| | - Shivanee Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
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2
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Zhao C, Ao Z, Yao X. Current Advances in Virus-Like Particles as a Vaccination Approach against HIV Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4010002. [PMID: 26805898 PMCID: PMC4810054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates against HIV-1 infection. They are capable of preserving the native conformation of HIV-1 antigens and priming CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses efficiently via cross presentation by both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Progress has been achieved in the preclinical research of HIV-1 VLPs as prophylactic vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies and potent T cell responses. Moreover, the progress in HIV-1 dendritic cells (DC)-based immunotherapy provides us with a new vision for HIV-1 vaccine development. In this review, we describe updates from the past 5 years on the development of HIV-1 VLPs as a vaccine candidate and on the combined use of HIV particles with HIV-1 DC-based immunotherapy as efficient prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
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3
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Ranasinghe C, Ramshaw IA. Genetic heterologous prime–boost vaccination strategies for improved systemic and mucosal immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:1171-81. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Zhai Y, Zhong Z, Zariffard M, Spear GT, Qiao L. Bovine papillomavirus-like particles presenting conserved epitopes from membrane-proximal external region of HIV-1 gp41 induced mucosal and systemic antibodies. Vaccine 2013; 31:5422-9. [PMID: 24055348 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two conserved epitopes, located in the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41, are recognized by two HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10, and are promising targets for vaccine design in efforts to elicit anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. Since most HIV-1 infections initiate at mucosal surfaces, induction of mucosal neutralizing antibodies is necessary and of utmost importance to counteract HIV-1 infection. Here, we utilized a mucosal vaccine vector, bovine papillomavirus (BPV) virus-like particles (VLPs), as a platform to present HIV-1 neutralizing epitopes by inserting the extended 2F5 or 4E10 epitope or the MPER domain into D-E loop of BPV L1 respectively. The chimeric VLPs presenting MPER domain resembled the HIV-1 natural epitopes better than the chimeric VLPs presenting single epitopes. Oral immunization of mice with the chimeric VLPs displaying the 2F5 epitope or MPER domain elicited epitope-specific serum IgGs and mucosal secretory IgAs. The induced antibodies specifically recognized the native conformation of MPER in the context of HIV-1 envelope protein. The antibodies induced by chimeric VLPs presenting MPER domain are able to partially neutralize HIV-1 viruses from clade B and clade C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougang Zhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
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5
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Lee SH. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 gene DNA possibly bound to particulate aluminum adjuvant in the HPV vaccine Gardasil. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:85-92. [PMID: 23078778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical practitioners in nine countries submitted samples of Gardasil (Merck & Co.) to be tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA because they suspected that residual recombinant HPV DNA left in the vaccine might have been a contributing factor leading to some of the unexplained post-vaccination side effects. A total of 16 packages of Gardasil were received from Australia, Bulgaria, France, India, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Spain and the United States. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using the MY09/MY11 degenerate primers for initial amplification and the GP5/GP6-based nested PCR primers for the second amplification were used to prepare the template for direct automated cycle DNA sequencing of a hypervariable segment of the HPV L1 gene which is used for manufacturing of the HPV L1 capsid protein by a DNA recombinant technology in vaccine production. Detection of HPV DNA and HPV genotyping of all positive samples were finally validated by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) analysis of a 45-60 bases sequence of the computer-generated electropherogram. The results showed that all 16 Gardasil samples, each with a different lot number, contained fragments of HPV-11 DNA, or HPV-18 DNA, or a DNA fragment mixture from both genotypes. The detected HPV DNA was found to be firmly bound to the insoluble, proteinase-resistant fraction, presumably of amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (AAHS) nanoparticles used as adjuvant. The clinical significance of these residual HPV DNA fragments bound to a particulate mineral-based adjuvant is uncertain after intramuscular injection, and requires further investigation for vaccination safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Hang Lee
- Milford Hospital and Milford Molecular Laboratory, 2044 Bridgeport Avenue, Milford, CT 06460, USA.
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6
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Gordon SN, Kines RC, Kutsyna G, Ma ZM, Hryniewicz A, Roberts JN, Fenizia C, Hidajat R, Brocca-Cofano E, Cuburu N, Buck CB, Bernardo ML, Robert-Guroff M, Miller CJ, Graham BS, Lowy DR, Schiller JT, Franchini G. Targeting the vaginal mucosa with human papillomavirus pseudovirion vaccines delivering simian immunodeficiency virus DNA. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:714-23. [PMID: 22174446 PMCID: PMC3253208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of HIV infections occur via mucosal transmission. Vaccines that induce memory T and B cells in the female genital tract may prevent the establishment and systemic dissemination of HIV. We tested the immunogenicity of a vaccine that uses human papillomavirus (HPV)-based gene transfer vectors, also called pseudovirions (PsVs), to deliver SIV genes to the vaginal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate that this vaccine platform induces gene expression in the genital tract in both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. Intravaginal vaccination with HPV16, HPV45, and HPV58 PsVs delivering SIV Gag DNA induced Gag-specific Abs in serum and the vaginal tract, and T cell responses in blood, vaginal mucosa, and draining lymph nodes that rapidly expanded following intravaginal exposure to SIV(mac251.) HPV PsV-based vehicles are immunogenic, which warrant further testing as vaccine candidates for HIV and may provide a useful model to evaluate the benefits and risks of inducing high levels of SIV-specific immune responses at mucosal sites prior to SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari N. Gordon
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rhonda C. Kines
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Galyna Kutsyna
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 94118
| | - Anna Hryniewicz
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffery N. Roberts
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Egidio Brocca-Cofano
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nicolas Cuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher B. Buck
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marcelino L. Bernardo
- Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 94118
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Douglas R. Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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7
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Graham BS, Kines R, Corbett KS, Nicewonger J, Johnson TR, Chen M, LaVigne D, Roberts JN, Cuburu N, Schiller JT, Buck CB. Mucosal delivery of human papillomavirus pseudovirus-encapsidated plasmids improves the potency of DNA vaccination. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3:475-86. [PMID: 20555315 PMCID: PMC2924464 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunization may be important for protection against pathogens whose transmission and pathogenesis target the mucosal tissue. The capsid proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) confer tropism for the basal epithelium and can encapsidate DNA during self-assembly to form pseudovirions (PsVs). Therefore, we produced mucosal vaccine vectors by HPV PsV encapsidation of DNA plasmids expressing an experimental antigen derived from the M and M2 proteins of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Intravaginal (IVag) delivery elicited local and systemic M-M2-specific CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses in mice that were comparable to an approximately 10,000-fold higher dose of naked DNA. A single HPV PsV IVag immunization primed for M-M2-specific-IgA in nasal and vaginal secretions. Based on light emission and immunofluorescent microscopy, immunization with HPV PsV-encapsidated luciferase- and red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing plasmids resulted in transient antigen expression (<5 days), which was restricted to the vaginal epithelium. HPV PsV encapsidation of plasmid DNA is a novel strategy for mucosal immunization that could provide new vaccine options for selected mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney S. Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rhonda Kines
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John Nicewonger
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Teresa R. Johnson
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Man Chen
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daaimah LaVigne
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Nicolas Cuburu
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher B. Buck
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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8
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Abstract
We have examined non-replicative human papillomavirus (HPV) pseudovirions as an approach in the delivery of naked DNA vaccines without safety concerns associated with live viral vectors. In the current study, we have generated HPV-16 pseudovirions encapsidating a DNA vaccine encoding the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) (HPV16-OVA pseudovirions). Vaccination with HPV16-OVA pseudovirions subcutaneously elicited significantly stronger OVA-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses compared to OVA DNA vaccination via gene gun in a dose-dependent manner. We showed that a single amino acid mutation in the L2 minor capsid protein that eliminates the infectivity of HPV16-OVA pseudovirion significantly decreased the antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, a subset of CD11c+ cells and B220+ cells in draining lymph nodes became labeled upon vaccination with FITC-labeled HPV16-OVA pseudovirions in injected mice. HPV pseudovirions were found to infect bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. We also showed that pretreatment of HPV16-GFP pseudovirions with furin leads to enhanced HPV16-OVA pseudovirion infection of BMDCs and OVA antigen presentation. Our data suggest that DNA vaccines delivered using HPV pseudovirions represent an efficient delivery system that can potentially impact the field of DNA vaccine delivery.
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9
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Fu J, Bian G, Zhao B, Dong Z, Sun X, Chen F, Ou L, Song H. Enhancing efficacy and mucosa-tropic distribution of an oral HIV-PsV DNA vaccine in animal models. J Drug Target 2010; 17:803-12. [PMID: 19863197 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903089768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A strategy combined the oral delivery route and bovine papillomavirus (BPV) pseudovirus (PsV)-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccine, which has been proven to enhance the mucosal immunization compared with the systemic immunization and in general does not induce effective mucosal immune responses. In this study, the immune responses against the BPV expressing HIV gp41 epitopes (ELDKWA, NWFDIT) after oral administration in Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assessed, and the biodistribution of plasmid DNA encapsulated in the papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) were evaluated in murine models. Results showed that oral immunization with the HIV-PsV DNA vaccine in monkey generated p24 and gp41 epitopes-specific serum IgG. Importantly, these induced antibodies had been shown to neutralize HIV-1 primary strain. In addition, the advantage of VLPs as vehicles delivering genes had been first revealed in biodistribution results. Therefore, orally administered HIV-PsV DNA vaccine was well-tolerated, enhanced the mucosa targeting property of the plasmid DNA, and reduced the nontargeting distribution, which indicate that it would reduce stress associated with systemic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Withdrawn: Enhancing efficacy and mucosa-tropic distribution of an oral HIV-PsV DNA vaccine in animal models. J Drug Target 2009; 18:78. [PMID: 20001573 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903509661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Neutralizing inter-clade cross-reactivity of HIV-1 V1/V2-specific secretory immunoglobulin A in Colombian and French cohorts. AIDS 2009; 23:2219-22. [PMID: 19830891 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328329d134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing activity of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) directed against the V1/V2 domain of HIV-1 was studied in parotid saliva of HIV-1- infected patients in Colombian and French cohorts. Purified V1/V2-specific S-IgA antibodies were found to neutralize clades A, B and C primary isolates in five out 76 and 82 patients from each cohort, respectively. These results suggest that neutralizing S-IgA antibodies targeting the V1/V2 domain may provide protection against HIV-1 infection in vivo and may be beneficial in mucosal vaccines.
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Abstract
Gene therapy covers a broad spectrum of applications, from gene replacement and knockdown for genetic or acquired diseases such as cancer, to vaccination, each with different requirements for gene delivery. Viral vectors and synthetic liposomes have emerged as the vehicles of choice for many applications today, but both have limitations and risks, including complexity of production, limited packaging capacity, and unfavorable immunological features, which restrict gene therapy applications and hold back the potential for preventive gene therapy. While continuing to improve these vectors, it is important to investigate other options, particularly nonviral biological agents which include bacteria, bacteriophage, virus-like particles (VLPs), erythrocyte ghosts, and exosomes. Exploiting the natural properties of these biological entities for specific gene delivery applications will expand the repertoire of gene therapy vectors available for clinical use. Here, we review the prospects for nonviral biological delivery vehicles as gene therapy agents with focus on their unique evolved biological properties and respective limitations and potential applications. The potential of these nonviral biological entities to act as clinical gene therapy delivery vehicles has already been shown in clinical trials using bacteria-mediated gene transfer and with sufficient development, these entities will complement the established delivery techniques for gene therapy applications.
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13
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Induction of antibody response against hepatitis E virus (HEV) with recombinant human papillomavirus pseudoviruses expressing truncated HEV capsid proteins in mice. Vaccine 2008; 26:6602-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The mucosal immune system acts as a first line of defense against infection caused by luminal pathogens. Because HIV is transmitted primarily via mucosal-associated tissues, particularly with sexual transmission, understanding antiviral immunity present at these sites is important. HIV infection results in depletion of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and in this sense can be considered to be a disease of the mucosal immune system. A stumbling block for efforts to develop a vaccine against this disease has been the escape of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) at mucosal compartments and the resulting viral spread. To avoid these problems, the ideal mucosal vaccine would induce HIV-specific secretory IgA (S-IgA) and mucosal CD8(+) CTL as a first line of defense at a very early stage of HIV infection, before the virus can seed into the secondary lymphoid organs in mucosal and systemic tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of mucosal vaccine concepts and vaccination strategies that have been proposed for the development of an HIV mucosal vaccine, including live recombinant vaccines, peptide-based vaccines, virus-like particles (VLP), subunit vaccines and DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Vaccination with DNA is one of the most promising novel immunization techniques against a variety of pathogens and tumors, for which conventional vaccination regimens have failed. DNA vaccines are able to stimulate both arms of the immune system simultaneously, without carrying the safety risks associated with live vaccines, therefore representing not only an alternative to conventional vaccines but also significant progress in the prevention and treatment of fatal diseases and infections. However, translation of the excellent results achieved in small animals to similar success in primates or large animals has so far proved to be a major hurdle. Moreover, biosafety issues, such as the removal of antibiotic resistance genes present in plasmid DNA used for vaccination, remain to be addressed adequately. This review describes strategies to improve the design and production of conventional plasmid DNA, including an overview of safety and regulatory issues. It further focuses on novel systems for the optimization of plasmid DNA and the development of diverse plasmid DNA delivery systems for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jechlinger
- Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A- 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Xu YF, Zhang YQ, Xu XM, Song GX. Papillomavirus virus-like particles as vehicles for the delivery of epitopes or genes. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2133-48. [PMID: 16791442 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are simple double-strand DNA viruses whose virion shells are T = 7 icosahedrons and composed of major capsid protein L1 and minor capsid protein L2.L1 alone or together with L2 can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression systems. Although the VLPs lack the virus genome DNA, their morphological and immunological characteristics are very similar to those of nature papillomaviruses. PV VLP vaccination can induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies and can effectively protect animals or humans from PV infection. Moreover, PV VLPs have been good candidates for vehicles to deliver epitopes or genes to target cells. They are widely used in the fields of vaccine development, neutralizing antibody detection, basic virologic research on papillomaviruses, and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening. Besides the structural biology and immunological basis for PV VLPs used as vehicles to deliver epitopes or genes, this review details the latest findings on chimeric papillomavirus VLPs and papillomavirus pseudoviruses, which are two important forms of PV VLPs used to transfer epitopes or genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-F Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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17
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Huang Y, Fayad R, Smock A, Ullrich AM, Qiao L. Induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses against human carcinoembryonic antigen by an oral vaccine. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6990-9. [PMID: 16061685 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor-associated antigen targeted for the development of colorectal tumor vaccines. In this study, we developed papillomavirus pseudoviruses encoding the truncated CEA without NH2-terminal signal peptide (PV-CEA) as an oral vaccine to induce CEA-specific CTL responses. In CEA transgenic (CEA-Tg) mice orally immunized with PV-CEA, the immunologic tolerance to CEA as a "self-antigen" was overcome and both mucosal and systemic CEA-specific cytolytic activities were detected by in vitro 51Cr release assays. In a tumor prevention model, the growth rate of CEA+ tumors was significantly delayed in CEA-Tg mice orally immunized with PV-CEA when compared with the control vaccine. Further, the IFN-gamma enzyme-linked ImmunoSPOT and in vitro 51Cr release assay results showed that HLA-A2-restricted, CEA-specific CTL responses were induced in both mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues in A2 transgenic mice after oral immunization with PV-CEA. Finally, we showed that coadministration of papillomavirus pseudoviruses encoding interleukin-2 with PV-CEA enhanced the generation of A2-restricted, CEA-specific CTLs in aged CEA/A2 double transgenic mice, which were more clinically relevant. Our data suggest that PV-CEA pseudovirus vaccine is a promising oral CEA vaccine for humans to induce CEA-specific CTLs at the site of colorectal tumors (i.e., intestinal mucosa), which might efficiently eliminate CEA+ colorectal tumor cells in the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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