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Lin Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wang D, Zhu W. Biological and genomic characterization of a polyvalent bacteriophage (S19cd) strongly inhibiting Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109822. [PMID: 37437367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for the control of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we isolated a virulent bacteriophage, S19cd, from pig gut that could infect both a non-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli 44 (EC44) and two pathogenic bacterial strains (ATCC 13312 (SC13312) and CICC 21493 (SC21493)) of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (SC). S19cd exhibited strong lytic ability in both SC13312 and SC21493 with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10-6 and 10-5, respectively, and inhibited their growth at an MOI of 10-7 within 24 h. Mice pre-treated with S19cd exhibited protection against the SC13312 challenge. Moreover, S19cd has good heat resistance (80 ℃) and pH tolerance (pH 3-12). Genome analysis revealed that S19cd belongs to the Felixounavirus genus and does not contain any virulence or drug-resistance-related genes. Additionally, S19cd encodes an adenine-specific methyltransferase that has no similarity to methyltransferases from other Felixounavirus phages and shares limited similarity with other methyltransferases in the NCBI protein database. Metagenomic analysis of S19cd genomes from 500 pigs revealed that S19cd-like phages may be widespread in Chinese pig gut. In conclusion, S19cd can be a potential phage therapy targeting SC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyuan Yuan
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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2
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Woldeyohannis NN, Desta AF. Fate of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) and ARG carriers in struvite production process from human urine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:783-792. [PMID: 37469114 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2235246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Struvite, a human urine-derived fertilizer types, is characterized by its low water solubility that renders it a slow-releasing eco-friendly fertilizer. Knowing the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in struvite is important since human urine carries microorganisms, viruses and mobilomes. In this study, urine samples were collected and struvite production was done using MgCl2. From the fresh, stored urine and struvite, DNA was extracted and metagenomic sequencing was done using Illumina HiSeqX. Metagenome-derived genome sequence analysis revealed the dominance of phages of Streptococcus, Bacillus and Escherichia, with nearly 50% abundance of streptococcus phage in fresh urine. Increased antibiotic resistance genes were found in the stored urine than in fresh and struvite samples. The top five resistance genes in all the three samples were to aminoglycosides, carbapenem, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and efflux pump, with key carrying pathogens including Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Enterococcus. The identified families for carbapenem, aminoglycoside resistance and efflux pump were shown persistent in struvite with a shift in gene families. The detection of resistance-gene-laden mobilomes, including the last-resort antibiotics in the struvite sample, requires due attention before the implementation of struvite as fertilizer. Further optimization of the struvite production process with regard to the minimization of mobilomes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyat N Woldeyohannis
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adey F Desta
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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3
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Vasquez I, Retamales J, Parra B, Machimbirike V, Robeson J, Santander J. Comparative Genomics of a Polyvalent Escherichia-Salmonella Phage fp01 and In Silico Analysis of Its Receptor Binding Protein and Conserved Enterobacteriaceae Phage Receptor. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020379. [PMID: 36851593 PMCID: PMC9961651 DOI: 10.3390/v15020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyvalent bacteriophage fp01, isolated from wastewater in Valparaiso, Chile, was described to have lytic activity across bacterial species, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovars. Due to its polyvalent nature, the bacteriophage fp01 has potential applications in the biomedical, food and agricultural industries. Also, fundamental aspects of polyvalent bacteriophage biology are unknown. In this study, we sequenced and described the complete genome of the polyvalent phage fp01 (MH745368.2) using long- (MinION, Nanopore) and short-reads (MiSeq, Illumina) sequencing. The bacteriophage fp01 genome has 109,515 bp, double-stranded DNA with an average G+C content of 39%, and 158 coding sequences (CDSs). Phage fp01 has genes with high similarity to Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sp. phages. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the phage fp01 is a new Tequintavirus fp01 specie. Receptor binding protein gp108 was identified as potentially responsible for fp01 polyvalent characteristics, which binds to conserved amino acid regions of the FhuA receptor of Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Julio Retamales
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Barbara Parra
- Subdepartment of Molecular Genetics, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago 9140000, Chile
| | - Vimbai Machimbirike
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - James Robeson
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso, Valparaiso 2370000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Science, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (J.S.)
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4
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Rasmussen TS, Koefoed AK, Jakobsen RR, Deng L, Castro-Mejía JL, Brunse A, Neve H, Vogensen FK, Nielsen DS. Bacteriophage-mediated manipulation of the gut microbiome – promises and presents limitations. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:507-521. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Gut microbiome (GM) composition and function are linked to human health and disease, and routes for manipulating the GM have become an area of intense research. Due to its high treatment efficacy, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is generally accepted as a promising experimental treatment for patients suffering from GM imbalances (dysbiosis), e.g. caused by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI). Mounting evidence suggests that bacteriophages (phages) play a key role in successful FMT treatment by restoring the dysbiotic bacterial GM. As a refinement to FMT, removing the bacterial component of donor feces by sterile filtration, also referred to as fecal virome transplantation (FVT), decreases the risk of invasive infections caused by bacteria. However, eukaryotic viruses and prophage-encoded virulence factors remain a safety issue. Recent in vivo studies show how cascading effects are initiated when phage communities are transferred to the gut by e.g. FVT, which leads to changes in the GM composition, host metabolome, and improve host health such as alleviating symptoms of obesity and type-2-diabetes (T2D). In this review, we discuss the promises and limitations of FVT along with the perspectives of using FVT to treat various diseases associated with GM dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Sølbeck Rasmussen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anna Kirstine Koefoed
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Riemer Jakobsen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ling Deng
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Josué L Castro-Mejía
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Brunse
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 2nd floor - 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Horst Neve
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1 - 24103, Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Kvist Vogensen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26 4th floor - 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Roshini Mohan Raj
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, India
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6
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Booncharoen N, Mongkolsuk S, Sirikanchana K. Comparative persistence of human sewage-specific enterococcal bacteriophages in freshwater and seawater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6235-6246. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Genome Analysis of a Novel Broad Host Range Proteobacteria Phage Isolated from a Bioreactor Treating Industrial Wastewater. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8010040. [PMID: 28106814 PMCID: PMC5295034 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, and consequently they have a major impact on the development of a microbial population. In this study, the genome of a novel broad host range bacteriophage, Aquamicrobium phage P14, isolated from a wastewater treatment plant, was analyzed. The Aquamicrobium phage P14 was found to infect members of different Proteobacteria classes (Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria). This phage contains a 40,551 bp long genome and 60% of its genes had blastx hits. Furthermore, the bacteriophage was found to share more than 50% of its genes with several podoviruses and has the same gene order as other polyvalent bacteriophages. The results obtained in this study led to the conclusion that indeed general features of the genome of the Aquamicrobium phage P14 are shared with other broad host range bacteriophages, however further analysis of the genome is needed in order to identify the specific mechanisms which enable the bacteriophage to infect both Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria.
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8
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Selection of polyvalent bacteriophages infecting Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Hoyles L, Murphy J, Neve H, Heller KJ, Turton JF, Mahony J, Sanderson JD, Hudspith B, Gibson GR, McCartney AL, van Sinderen D. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae-bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1061. [PMID: 26246963 PMCID: PMC4525690 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sample of caecal effluent was obtained from a female patient who had undergone a routine colonoscopic examination. Bacteria were isolated anaerobically from the sample, and screened against the remaining filtered caecal effluent in an attempt to isolate bacteriophages (phages). A lytic phage, named KLPN1, was isolated on a strain identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (capsular type K2, rmpA (+)). This Siphoviridae phage presents a rosette-like tail tip and exhibits depolymerase activity, as demonstrated by the formation of plaque-surrounding haloes that increased in size over the course of incubation. When screened against a panel of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, phage KLPN1 was shown to infect and lyse capsular type K2 strains, though it did not exhibit depolymerase activity on such hosts. The genome of KLPN1 was determined to be 49,037 bp (50.53 %GC) in length, encompassing 73 predicted ORFs, of which 23 represented genes associated with structure, host recognition, packaging, DNA replication and cell lysis. On the basis of sequence analyses, phages KLPN1 (GenBank: KR262148) and 1513 (a member of the family Siphoviridae, GenBank: KP658157) were found to be two new members of the genus "Kp36likevirus."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Murphy
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Horst Neve
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology (MBT), Kiel, Germany
| | - Knut J Heller
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology (MBT), Kiel, Germany
| | - Jane F Turton
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England-Colindale, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeremy D Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Hudspith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anne L McCartney
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Brown-Jaque M, Calero-Cáceres W, Muniesa M. Transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes via phage-related mobile elements. Plasmid 2015; 79:1-7. [PMID: 25597519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major concern for society because it threatens the effective prevention of infectious diseases. While some bacterial strains display intrinsic resistance, others achieve antibiotic resistance by mutation, by the recombination of foreign DNA into the chromosome or by horizontal gene acquisition. In many cases, these three mechanisms operate together. Several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been reported to mobilize different types of resistance genes and despite sharing common features, they are often considered and studied separately. Bacteriophages and phage-related particles have recently been highlighted as MGEs that transfer antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on phages, phage-related elements and on composite MGEs (phages-MGEs) involved in antibiotic resistance mobility. We review common features of these elements, rather than differences, and provide a broad overview of the antibiotic resistance transfer mechanisms observed in nature, which is a necessary first step to controlling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryury Brown-Jaque
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Indicators of Waterborne Viruses. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS 2015. [PMCID: PMC7122105 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Enteric viruses excreted by humans and animals may reach water resources and cause large outbreaks. Drinking water is one of the essential global life elements for humanity. However, some of our resources are contaminated with viruses and indicators for continuous monitoring have been developed. The classical ones are coliforms and fecal coliforms that are still the iron standard for water indicator monitoring (see Chap. 10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_34). In the last decades, bacteriophages have been suggested as potential indicators of enteric viruses and many studies showed their potential as such mainly due to their comparable resistance to water processes such as disinfection. In this chapter, the indicator role of bacteriophages in water is critically reviewed and discussed.
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12
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Muniesa M, Colomer-Lluch M, Jofre J. Potential impact of environmental bacteriophages in spreading antibiotic resistance genes. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:739-51. [PMID: 23701331 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that bacteriophage transduction plays a role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is gaining momentum. Such transduction might be vital in horizontal transfer from environmental to human body-associated biomes and here we review many lines of evidence supporting this notion. It is well accepted that bacteriophages are the most abundant entities in most environments, where they have been shown to be quite persistent. This fact, together with the ability of many phages to infect bacteria belonging to different taxa, makes them suitable vehicles for gene transfer. Metagenomic studies confirm that substantial percentages of the bacteriophage particles present in most environments contain bacterial genes, including mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes. When specific genes of resistance to antibiotics are detected by real-time PCR in the bacteriophage populations of different environments, only tenfold lower numbers of these genes are observed, compared with those found in the corresponding bacterial populations. In addition, the antibiotic resistance genes from these bacteriophages are functional and generate resistance to the bacteria when these genes are transfected. Finally, reports about the transduction of antibiotic resistance genes are on the increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Muniesa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Annex, Floor 0, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Complete genome sequence of a polyvalent bacteriophage, phiKP26, active on Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2395-8. [PMID: 23677676 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect and lyse prokaryotic cells and therefore might be used as biocontrol agents. However, it is necessary to acquire genomic information to predict and understand the phage's characteristics for the efficient and safe use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agents against bacterial pathogens. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a novel enterobacteriophage, phiKP26, was determined by pyrosequencing. Genomic analysis of phiKP26 revealed a genome size of 47,285 bp with an overall G + C content of 44.3 %. Seventy-eight open reading frames (ORFs) in the phiKP26 genome were grouped into the modules of replication, DNA packaging, morphogenesis, cell lysis and absence of genes related to virulence and lysogeny.
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14
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Wu LT, Chang SY, Yen MR, Yang TC, Tseng YH. Characterization of extended-host-range pseudo-T-even bacteriophage Kpp95 isolated on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2532-40. [PMID: 17337566 PMCID: PMC1855606 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02113-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kpp95, isolated on Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a bacteriophage with the morphology of T4-type phages and is capable of rapid lysis of host cells. Its double-stranded genomic DNA (ca. 175 kb, estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) can be cut only by restriction endonucleases with a cleavage site flanked either by A and T or by T, as tested, suggesting that it contains the modified derivative(s) of G and/or C. Over 26 protein bands were visualized upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virion proteins. N-terminal sequencing indicated that the most abundant band (46 kDa) is the major coat protein (gp23) which has been cleaved from a signal peptide likely with a length similar to that of T4. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the central region (263 amino acid residues) of gp23 and the full length of gp18 and gp19 placed Kpp95 among the pseudo-T-even subgroup, most closely related to the coliphage JS98. In addition to being able to lyse many extended-spectrum beta-lactamase strains of K. pneumoniae, Kpp95 can lyse Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Serratia marcescens cells. Thus, Kpp95 deserves further studies for development as a component of a therapeutic cocktail, owing to its high efficiencies of host lysis plus extended host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lii-Tzu Wu
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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15
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Torrella F, Morita RY. Evidence by electron micrographs for a high incidence of bacteriophage particles in the waters of Yaquina Bay, oregon: ecological and taxonomical implications. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979; 37:774-8. [PMID: 453841 PMCID: PMC243295 DOI: 10.1128/aem.37.4.774-778.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of viral particles, the majority of them clearly identifiable as bacteriophages, were found in the seawater of Yaquina Bay, Oregon. These phages were obtained as free particles from the seawater without employing specific hosts for enrichments or further purification in the laboratory. A variety of electron micrographs showing different morphologies of phages as well as phage-bacterium interactions found in the seawater are presented. In the area where the bay received organic enrichment from seafood processing plants, a minimum of 10(4) phage particles per ml was estimated. Since the technique used was designed to concentrate particles 0.2 micrometer in diameter or larger it is assumed that the actual number of phage particles is higher than 10(4) particles per ml. The implications of the presence of such phage concentrations in bays and estuaries with a certain level of eutrophication are of obvious importance in considering the microbial ecology of these environments.
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16
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Souza KA, Kostiw LL, Tyson BJ. Alterations in normal fatty acid composition in a temperature-sensitive mutant of a thermophilic bacillus. Arch Microbiol 1974; 97:89-102. [PMID: 4836294 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Kropinski AM. Bacteriophage DNA: correlation of buoyant density, melting temperature, and the chemically determined base composition. J Virol 1974; 13:753-6. [PMID: 4823318 PMCID: PMC355362 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.13.3.753-756.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mathematical relationships between the buoyant density, melting temperature, and chemically determined base composition of bacteriophage DNA are described and compared with regression equations derived from studies with bacterial DNA.
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