1
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Wang A, Wang Y, Du C, Yang H, Wang Z, Jin C, Hamblin MR. Pyroptosis and the tumor immune microenvironment: A new battlefield in ovarian cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189058. [PMID: 38113952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a less common tumor in women compared to cervical or breast cancer, however it is more malignant and has worse outcomes. Ovarian cancer patients still have a five-year survival rate < 50% despite advances in therapy. Due to recent developments in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer immunotherapy has attracted increased interest. Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of cell death, which is essential for bridging innate and adaptive immunity, and is involved in immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent research has shown that pyroptosis can promote immunotherapy of ovarian cancer, including treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) or ICIs. Moreover, inflammasomes, various signaling pathways and lncRNAs can all affect pyroptosis in ovarian cancer. Here we discuss how pyroptosis affects the development and progression of ovarian cancer as well as the TME. We also provide a summary of small molecule drugs that could target pyroptotic cell death processes and may be useful in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, PR China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, PR China
| | - Chenxiang Du
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, PR China
| | - Huilun Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, PR China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, PR China
| | - Canhui Jin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, PR China.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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2
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Yao J, Sterling K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Song W. The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38177104 PMCID: PMC10766654 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response. Each inflammasome complex has three major components: an upstream sensor molecule that is connected to a downstream effector protein such as caspase-1 through the adapter protein ASC. Inflammasome formation typically occurs in response to infectious agents or cellular damage. The active inflammasome then triggers caspase-1 activation, followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Aberrant inflammasome activation and activity contribute to the development of diabetes, cancer, and several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, recent research has increasingly focused on investigating the mechanisms that regulate inflammasome assembly and activation, as well as the potential of targeting inflammasomes to treat various diseases. Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies. Therefore, understanding how different inflammasomes contribute to disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we provide a summary of the biological and pathological roles of inflammasomes in health and disease. We also highlight key evidence that suggests targeting inflammasomes could be a novel strategy for developing new disease-modifying therapies that may be effective in several conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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3
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Malik HS, Magnotti F, Loeven NA, Delgado JM, Kettenbach AN, Henry T, Bliska JB. Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity positively regulates oligomeric pyrin to trigger inflammasome assembly in phagocytes. mBio 2023; 14:e0206623. [PMID: 37787552 PMCID: PMC10653879 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02066-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pyrin, a unique cytosolic receptor, initiates inflammatory responses against RhoA-inactivating bacterial toxins and effectors like Yersinia's YopE and YopT. Understanding pyrin regulation is crucial due to its association with dysregulated inflammatory responses, including Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), linked to pyrin gene mutations. FMF mutations historically acted as a defense mechanism against plague. Negative regulation of pyrin through PKN phosphorylation is well established, with Yersinia using the YopM effector to promote pyrin phosphorylation and counteract its activity. This study highlights the importance of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity in positively regulating pyrin inflammasome assembly in phagocytic cells of humans and mice. Oligomeric murine pyrin has S205 phosphorylated before inflammasome assembly, and this study implicates the dephosphorylation of murine pyrin S205 by two catalytic subunits of PP2A in macrophages. These findings offer insights for investigating the regulation of oligomeric pyrin and the balance of kinase and phosphatase activity in pyrin-associated infectious and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema S. Malik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Flora Magnotti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole A. Loeven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jose M. Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - James B. Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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4
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Egan MS, Zhang J, Shin S. Human and mouse NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responses to bacterial infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102298. [PMID: 37058933 PMCID: PMC10225321 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular immune complexes known as inflammasomes sense breaches of cytosolic sanctity. Inflammasomes promote downstream proinflammatory events, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokine release and pyroptotic cell death. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat family, apoptosis inhibitory protein/nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat family, caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain-containing protein 4 (NAIP/NLRC4) inflammasome is involved in a range of pathogenic and protective inflammatory processes in mammalian hosts. In particular, the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responds to flagellin and components of the virulence-associated type III secretion (T3SS) apparatus in the host cytosol, thereby allowing it to be a critical mediator of host defense during bacterial infection. Notable species- and cell type-specific differences exist in NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responses to bacterial pathogens. With a focus on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model pathogen, we review differences between murine and human NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responses. Differences in NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome responses across species and cell types may have arisen in part due to evolutionary pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa S Egan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Barnett KC, Li S, Liang K, Ting JPY. A 360° view of the inflammasome: Mechanisms of activation, cell death, and diseases. Cell 2023; 186:2288-2312. [PMID: 37236155 PMCID: PMC10228754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are critical sentinels of the innate immune system that respond to threats to the host through recognition of distinct molecules, known as pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs), or disruptions of cellular homeostasis, referred to as homeostasis-altering molecular processes (HAMPs) or effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Several distinct proteins nucleate inflammasomes, including NLRP1, CARD8, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRC4/NAIP, AIM2, pyrin, and caspases-4/-5/-11. This diverse array of sensors strengthens the inflammasome response through redundancy and plasticity. Here, we present an overview of these pathways, outlining the mechanisms of inflammasome formation, subcellular regulation, and pyroptosis, and discuss the wide-reaching effects of inflammasomes in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Barnett
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaixin Liang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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6
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Wang S, Liao X, Xiong X, Feng D, Zhu W, Zheng B, Li Y, Yang L, Wei Q. Pyroptosis in urinary malignancies: a literature review. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 36702978 PMCID: PMC9880131 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary neoplasms refer to malignant tumours occurring in any part of the urinary system, including the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, prostate, etc. The worldwide incidence of urinary system tumours has been increasing yearly. Available methods include surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immune therapy. In recent years, emerging evidence has demonstrated that cell pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of malignant urinary tumours. Pyroptosis is a new type of cell death that involves inflammatory processes regulated by gasdermins (GSDMs) and is characterized by membrane perforation, cell swelling and cell rupture. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis can inhibit and promote the development of tumours. This manuscript reviews the role of pyroptosis in the development and progression of prostate cancer, kidney cancer and bladder cancer and introduces the latest research results in these fields to discuss the therapeutic potential of the pyroptosis pathway in urinary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Xinyang Liao
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Dechao Feng
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Weizhen Zhu
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Bojue Zheng
- The Department of Clinical Medicine, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Li
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Lu Yang
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Qiang Wei
- The Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan China
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7
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Jia Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Li S, Xu X, Qin Y, Peng L. Pyroptosis Provides New Strategies for the Treatment of Cancer. J Cancer 2023; 14:140-151. [PMID: 36605484 PMCID: PMC9809330 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important cause of death worldwide. The main types of cancer treatment are still surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is becoming an important cancer treatment. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that accompanies an inflammatory response. This paper reviews the recent research progress in pyroptosis in tumors. Pyroptosis has been observed since 1986 and until recently has been recognized as programmed cell death mediated by GSDM family proteins. The molecular pathway of pyroptosis depends on the inflammasome-mediated caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, which is the canonical pathway, and the caspase-4/5/11/GSDMD pathway, which is the noncanonical pathway. Other pathways include caspase3/GSDME. Pyroptosis is a double-edged sword that is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment. On the one hand, pyroptosis produces a chronic inflammatory environment, promotes the transition of normal cells to tumor cells, helps tumor cells achieve immune escape, and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. On the other hand, some tumor cell treatments can induce pyroptosis, which is a nonapoptotic form of cell death. Additionally, pyroptosis releases inflammatory molecules that promote lymphocyte recruitment and enhance the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells. With the advent of immunotherapy, pyroptosis has been shown to enhance the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some antineoplastic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents, can also exert antineoplastic effects through the pyroptosis pathway. Pyroptosis, which is a programmed cell death mode, has been the focus of research in recent years, and the relationship between pyroptosis, tumors and tumor immunity has attracted attention, but there are still some questions to be answered regarding the specific mechanism. Further study of pyroptosis would aid in developing new antitumor therapies and has great clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Emergency Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengchao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: (Y.Q.); (L.P.)
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: (Y.Q.); (L.P.)
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8
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Bronnec P, Sousa J, Henry T. Inducing Pyroptosis Via the Pyrin Inflammasome. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2641:37-47. [PMID: 37074640 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3040-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome detects bacterial toxins and effectors that inhibit RhoA GTPases and triggers inflammatory cytokine release and a fast cell death termed pyroptosis. In addition, various endogenous molecules, drugs, synthetic molecules, or mutations can trigger pyrin inflammasome activation. The pyrin protein differs between humans and mice, and the repertoire of pyrin activators is also species-specific. Here, we present the various pyrin inflammasome activators, inhibitors, the kinetics of pyrin activation in response to the various activators, and their species specificity. In addition, we present different methods to monitor pyrin-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bronnec
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Sousa
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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9
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Infection and Immunity. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Xu XD, Chen JX, Zhu L, Xu ST, Jiang J, Ren K. The emerging role of pyroptosis-related inflammasome pathway in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2022; 28:160. [PMID: 36544112 PMCID: PMC9773468 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic sterile inflammatory disorder, is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The dysfunction and unnatural death of plaque cells, including vascular endothelial cells (VEC), macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), are crucial factors in the progression of AS. Pyroptosis was described as a form of cell death at least two decades ago. It is featured by plasma membrane swelling and rupture, cell lysis, and consequent robust release of cytosolic contents and pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Pyroptosis of plaque cells is commonly observed in the initiation and development of AS, and the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins are positively correlated with plaque instability, indicating the crucial contribution of pyroptosis to atherogenesis. Furthermore, studies have also identified some candidate anti-atherogenic agents targeting plaque cell pyroptosis. Herein, we summarize the research progress in understating (1) the discovery and definition of pyroptosis; (2) the characterization and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis; (3) the regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis in VEC, macrophage, and VSMC, as well as their potential role in AS progression, aimed at providing therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Xu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xian Chen
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Organ Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ren
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 Anhui People’s Republic of China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100 Hainan People’s Republic of China
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11
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Wei S, Feng M, Zhang S. Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416115. [PMID: 36555757 PMCID: PMC9783510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an active and ordered form of programmed cell death. The signaling pathways of pyroptosis are mainly divided into canonical pathways mediated by caspase-1 and noncanonical pathways mediated by caspase-11. Cell pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases (mainly caspase-1, 4, 5, 11) and cleavage of various members of the Gasdermin family to form membrane perforation components, leading to cell membrane rupture, inflammatory mediators release, and cell death. Moderate pyroptosis is an innate immune response that fights against infection and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the normal function of the immune system. However, excessive pyroptosis occurs and leads to immune disorders in many pathological conditions. Based on canonical pathways, research on pyroptosis regulation has demonstrated several pyroptotic inhibitors, including small-molecule drugs, natural products, and formulations of traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, we review the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, summarize inhibitors of pyroptosis, and propound that herbal medicines should be a focus on the research and development for pyroptosis blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shidong Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-211-5256; Fax: +86-931-211-5191
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12
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Magnotti F, Chirita D, Dalmon S, Martin A, Bronnec P, Sousa J, Helynck O, Lee W, Kastner DL, Chae JJ, McDermott MF, Belot A, Popoff M, Sève P, Georgin-Lavialle S, Munier-Lehmann H, Tran TA, De Langhe E, Wouters C, Jamilloux Y, Henry T. Steroid hormone catabolites activate the pyrin inflammasome through a non-canonical mechanism. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111472. [PMID: 36223753 PMCID: PMC9626387 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome acts as a guard of RhoA GTPases and is central to immune defenses against RhoA-manipulating pathogens. Pyrin activation proceeds in two steps. Yet, the second step is still poorly understood. Using cells constitutively activated for the pyrin step 1, a chemical screen identifies etiocholanolone and pregnanolone, two catabolites of testosterone and progesterone, acting at low concentrations as specific step 2 activators. High concentrations of these metabolites fully and rapidly activate pyrin, in a human specific, B30.2 domain-dependent manner and without inhibiting RhoA. Mutations in MEFV, encoding pyrin, cause two distinct autoinflammatory diseases pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Monocytes from PAAND patients, and to a lower extent from FMF patients, display increased responses to these metabolites. This study identifies an unconventional pyrin activation mechanism, indicates that endogenous steroid catabolites can drive autoinflammation, through the pyrin inflammasome, and explains the "steroid fever" described in the late 1950s upon steroid injection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Magnotti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Daria Chirita
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Dalmon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Martin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Bronnec
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy Sousa
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Chemistry and Biocatalysis Unit, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Wonyong Lee
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexandre Belot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Reference Centre for Rheumatic, AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France; LIFE, Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Sorbonne University, Department of Internal Medicine, Tenon Hospital, DMU 3ID, AP-HP, National Reference Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Inflammatory Amyloidosis (CEREMAIA), INSERM U938, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Chemistry and Biocatalysis Unit, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Tu Anh Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Carémeau Hospital, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology & Immunobiology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; LIFE, Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Lyon, France; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, University Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
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13
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Abstract
Background Pyroptosis has been attracting much attention recently. We have briefly compared its differences and similarities with other programmed deaths and the process of its study. With further exploration of the caspase family, including caspase-1/3/4/5/8/11, new insights into the molecular pathways of action of pyroptosis have been gained. It is also closely related to the development of many cancers, which at the same time provides us with new ideas for the treatment of cancer. Scope of Review We describe what is known regarding the impact of pyroptosis on anticancer immunity and give insight into the potential of harnessing pyroptosis as a tool and applying it to novel or existing anticancer strategies. Major Conclusions Pyroptosis, a caspase-dependent cell death, causes pore formation, cell swelling, rupture of the plasma membrane, and release of all intracellular contents. The role of pyroptosis in cancer is an extremely complex issue. There is growing evidence that tumor pyroptosis has anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles. It should be discussed in different cancer periods according to the characteristics of cancer occurrence and development. In cancer treatment, pyroptosis provides us with some potential new targets. For the existing drugs, the study of pyroptosis also helps us make better use of existing drugs for anticancer treatment. Immunotherapy is a hot research direction in the field of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Cao Z, Huang D, Tang C, Lu Y, Huang S, Peng C, Hu X. Pyroptosis in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:188-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Mraz AL, Weir MH. Knowledge to Predict Pathogens: Legionella pneumophila Lifecycle Systematic Review Part II Growth within and Egress from a Host Cell. Microorganisms 2022; 10:141. [PMID: 35056590 PMCID: PMC8780890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is a pathogenic bacterium of increasing concern, due to its ability to cause a severe pneumonia, Legionnaires' Disease (LD), and the challenges in controlling the bacteria within premise plumbing systems. L. pneumophila can thrive within the biofilm of premise plumbing systems, utilizing protozoan hosts for protection from environmental stressors and to increase its growth rate, which increases the bacteria's infectivity to human host cells. Typical disinfectant techniques have proven to be inadequate in controlling L. pneumophila in the premise plumbing system, exposing users to LD risks. As the bacteria have limited infectivity to human macrophages without replicating within a host protozoan cell, the replication within, and egress from, a protozoan host cell is an integral part of the bacteria's lifecycle. While there is a great deal of information regarding how L. pneumophila interacts with protozoa, the ability to use this data in a model to attempt to predict a concentration of L. pneumophila in a water system is not known. This systematic review summarizes the information in the literature regarding L. pneumophila's growth within and egress from the host cell, summarizes the genes which affect these processes, and calculates how oxidative stress can downregulate those genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L. Mraz
- School of Nursing, Health, Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, 2000 Pennington Rd., Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - Mark H. Weir
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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16
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Chirita D, Jamilloux Y, Henry T, Magnotti F. Functional Assessment of Disease-Associated Pyrin Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2523:179-195. [PMID: 35759198 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2449-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome detects effectors and toxins that inhibit RhoA GTPases and triggers inflammatory cytokines release and a fast cell death termed pyroptosis. Ancient plague pandemics in the Mediterranean basin have selected in the human population pyrin variants that can trigger an autoinflammatory disease termed familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). In addition, distinct mutations in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin, cause a different rare autoinflammatory disease termed pyrin-associated autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis (PAAND). As of today, more than 385 MEFV variants have been described although for most of them, whether they are pathogenic variant or benign polymorphism is unknown.Here, we describe different methods using primary human monocytes or engineered monocytic cell lines to functionally characterize MEFV variants, determine their potential pathogenicity, and classify them as either FMF-like or PAAND-like variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Chirita
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Flora Magnotti
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.
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17
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Liu M, Wang L, Xia X, Wu Y, Zhu C, Duan M, Wei X, Hu J, Lei L. Regulated lytic cell death in breast cancer. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:12-33. [PMID: 34549863 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a very common cancer among women and one of the primary causes of death in women worldwide. Because BC has different molecular subtypes, the challenges associated with targeted therapy have increased significantly, and the identification of new therapeutic targets has become increasingly urgent. Blocking apoptosis and inhibiting cell death are important characteristics of malignant tumours, including BC. Under adverse conditions, including exposure to antitumour therapy, inhibition of cell death programmes can promote cancerous transformation and the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, inducing cell death in cancer cells is fundamentally important and provides new opportunities for potential therapeutic interventions. Lytic forms of cell death, primarily pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis, are different from apoptosis owing to their characteristic lysis, that is, the production of cellular components, to guide beneficial immune responses, and the application of lytic cell death (LCD) in the field of tumour therapy has attracted considerable interest from researchers. The latest clinical research results confirm that lytic death signalling cascades involve the BC cell immune response and resistance to therapies used in clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the various forms of LCD, placing a special emphasis on signalling pathways and their implications in BC, which may facilitate the development of novel and optimal strategies for the clinical treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yundi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Duan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Wu D, Wei C, Li Y, Yang X, Zhou S. Pyroptosis, a New Breakthrough in Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698811. [PMID: 34381721 PMCID: PMC8350724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The way of cell death can be roughly divided into two categories: cell necrosis and PCD(programmed cell death). Pyroptosis is a kind of PCD, its occurrence depends on the gasdermin protein family and it will produce inflammatory response. With constant research in recent years, more and more evidences show that pyroptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The treatment of tumors is a big problem worldwide. We focus on whether we can discover new potential tumor markers and new therapeutic targets from the mechanism. If we can understand the mechanism of pyroptosis and clear the relationship between pyroptosis and the development of tumors, this may provide a new reference for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqiang Wu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Changhong Wei
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuejia Yang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pre-Clinical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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19
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Structures and functions of the inflammasome engine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2021-2029. [PMID: 34092352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular machines that carry out inflammatory responses on challenges by pathogens and endogenous dangers. Dysregulation of inflammasome assembly and regulation is associated with numerous human diseases from autoimmunity to cancer. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanism of inflammasome signaling using structural approaches. Here, we review inflammasomes formed by the NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4 sensors, which are well characterized structurally, and discuss the structural and functional diversity among them.
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20
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Ruan J, Wang S, Wang J. Mechanism and regulation of pyroptosis-mediated in cancer cell death. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109052. [PMID: 32169591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has garnered increasing attention as it relates to innate immunity and diseases. The discovery of caspase-1/3/4/5/8/11 function in sensing various challenges expands the spectrum of pyroptosis mediators and also reveals that pyroptosis is not cell type specific. Recent studies have identified that pyroptosis has become a new topic in cancer research because it may affect all stages of carcinogenesis. In this mini-review, we provided a primer on pyroptosis, discussed the induction of pyroptosis in cancer and its implications in cancer management. Moreover, its two important executioners, the gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME), the functions and mechanisms of them involved in the regulation of cancer therapy were focused on. Small molecules-mediated pyroptosis were found to effectively inhibit various tumor cells. In brief, the findings of pyroptosis-dependent cancer progression, new drugs and therapeutic targets may lead to a promising, novel therapeutic approach for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ruan
- Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Shijian Wang
- Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jiabing Wang
- Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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21
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Agrawal I, Jha S. Comprehensive review of ASC structure and function in immune homeostasis and disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3077-3096. [PMID: 32124174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis associated speck like protein containing CARD (ASC) is widely researched and recognized as an adaptor protein participating in inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. It contains a bipartite structure comprising of a pyrin and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain. These two domains help ASC function as an adaptor molecule. ASC is encoded by the gene PYCARD. ASC plays pivotal role in various diseases as well as different homeostatic processes. ASC plays a regulatory role in different cancers showing differential regulation with respect to tissue and stage of disease. Besides cancer, ASC also plays a central role in sensing, regulation, and/or disease progression in bacterial infections, viral infections and in varied inflammatory diseases. ASC is expressed in different types of immune and non-immune cells. Its localization pattern also varies with different kinds of stimuli encountered by cell. This review will summarize the literature on the structure cellular and tissue expression, localization and disease association of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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22
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Magnotti F, Lefeuvre L, Benezech S, Malsot T, Waeckel L, Martin A, Kerever S, Chirita D, Desjonqueres M, Duquesne A, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Laurent A, Sève P, Popoff MR, Walzer T, Belot A, Jamilloux Y, Henry T. Pyrin dephosphorylation is sufficient to trigger inflammasome activation in familial Mediterranean fever patients. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10547. [PMID: 31589380 PMCID: PMC6835204 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most frequent hereditary systemic autoinflammatory syndrome. FMF is usually caused by biallelic mutations in the MEFV gene, encoding Pyrin. Conclusive genetic evidence lacks for about 30% of patients diagnosed with clinical FMF. Pyrin is an inflammasome sensor maintained inactive by two kinases (PKN1/2). The consequences of MEFV mutations on inflammasome activation are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that PKC superfamily inhibitors trigger inflammasome activation in monocytes from FMF patients while they trigger a delayed apoptosis in monocytes from healthy donors. The expression of the pathogenic p.M694V MEFV allele is necessary and sufficient for PKC inhibitors (or mutations precluding Pyrin phosphorylation) to trigger caspase‐1‐ and gasdermin D‐mediated pyroptosis. In line with colchicine efficacy in patients, colchicine fully blocks this response in FMF patients’ monocytes. These results indicate that Pyrin inflammasome activation is solely controlled by Pyrin (de)phosphorylation in FMF patients while a second control mechanism restricts its activation in healthy donors/non‐FMF patients. This study paves the way toward a functional characterization of MEFV variants and a functional test to diagnose FMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Magnotti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Lefeuvre
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Benezech
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tiphaine Malsot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Martin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Kerever
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, St Louis-Lariboisière University Hospital, AP-HP, ECSTRA Team, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Centre, UMR 1153, Inserm, University Denis Diderot-Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Daria Chirita
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Desjonqueres
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatriques, HFME, Bron, France
| | - Agnès Duquesne
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatriques, HFME, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Gerfaud-Valentin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatriques, HFME, Bron, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatriques, HFME, Bron, France
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
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23
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Evavold CL, Kagan JC. Inflammasomes: Threat-Assessment Organelles of the Innate Immune System. Immunity 2019; 51:609-624. [PMID: 31473100 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are supramolecular organizing centers that operate to drive interleukin-1 (IL-1)-dependent inflammation. Depending on context, inflammatory caspases act upstream or downstream of inflammasome assembly, serving as the principal enzymes that control activities of these organelles. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of inflammasome assembly and signaling. We posit that upstream regulatory proteins, classically known as pattern-recognition receptors, operate to assess infectious and non-infectious threats to the host. Threat assessment is achieved through two general strategies: (1) direct binding of receptors to microbial or host-derived ligands or (2) indirect detection of changes in cellular homeostasis. Upon activation, these upstream regulatory factors seed the assembly of inflammasomes, leading to IL-1 family cytokine release from living (hyperactive) or dead (pyroptotic) cells. The molecular and physiological consequences of these distinct cell fate decisions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Evavold
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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24
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Viewing Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis through an Immunological Lens. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4321-4344. [PMID: 31351897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila is ubiquitously found in freshwater environments, where it replicates within free-living protozoa. Aerosolization of contaminated water supplies allows the bacteria to be inhaled into the human lung, where L. pneumophila can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and replicate intracellularly. The Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) is one of the key virulence factors required for intracellular bacterial replication and subsequent disease. The Dot/Icm apparatus translocates more than 300 effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with a variety of cellular processes, thus enabling the bacterium to evade phagosome-lysosome fusion and establish an endoplasmic reticulum-derived Legionella-containing vacuole, which facilitates bacterial replication. In turn, the immune system has evolved numerous strategies to recognize intracellular bacteria such as L. pneumophila, leading to potent inflammatory responses that aid in eliminating infection. This review aims to provide an overview of L. pneumophila pathogenesis in the context of the host immune response.
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25
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Javanmard Khameneh H, Leong KWK, Mencarelli A, Vacca M, Mambwe B, Neo K, Tay A, Zolezzi F, Lee B, Mortellaro A. The Inflammasome Adaptor ASC Intrinsically Limits CD4 + T-Cell Proliferation to Help Maintain Intestinal Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1566. [PMID: 31379813 PMCID: PMC6644529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that mediates proteolytic cleavage and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis—a form of cell death induced by various pathogenic bacteria. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) has a pivotal role in inflammasome assembly and activation. While ASC function has been primarily implicated in innate immune cells, its contribution to lymphocyte biology is unclear. Here we report that ASC is constitutively expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells together with the inflammasome sensor NLRP3 and caspase-1. When adoptively transferred in immunocompromised Rag1−/− mice, Asc−/− CD4+ T cells exacerbate T-cell-mediated autoimmune colitis. Asc−/− CD4+ T cells exhibit a higher proliferative capacity in vitro than wild-type CD4+ T cells. The increased expansion of Asc−/− CD4+ T cells in vivo correlated with robust TCR-mediated activation, inflammatory activity, and higher metabolic profile toward a highly glycolytic phenotype. These findings identify ASC as a crucial intrinsic regulator of CD4+ T-cell expansion that serves to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith Weng Kit Leong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Mencarelli
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurizio Vacca
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bezaleel Mambwe
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alice Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Guo H, Xie M, Zhou C, Zheng M. The relevance of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Life Sci 2019; 223:69-73. [PMID: 30831126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel programmed cell death form which is distinct from other types of cell death. As an inherently inflammatory process, it plays a vital role in cellular lysis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines when hosts defend against infections. Recent studies have reported that pyroptosis was involved in liver diseases and had important functions in the progress and development of liver diseases. Here, we addressed the potential role of pyroptosis in liver diseases on the basis of brief introduction of the morphological characteristics, molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Analysis of Inflammasome Activation in Response to Yersinia Infection by Fluorescence Microscopy Detection of Active Caspase-1 Puncta. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2010:231-240. [PMID: 31177442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9541-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The type of cell death triggered by a particular environmental stimulus influences the outcome of infection or inflammatory disease processes. The ability to identify the cell death pathway that is activated in response to infection is essential for understanding the pathogenesis and host response to infection. Activation of the cysteine protease caspase-1 in various inflammasome complexes indicates that cells are undergoing pyroptosis, a regulated, proinflammatory cell death. Inflammasome assembly and caspase activation can be measured by various methods ranging from detection of inflammasome-dependent cell death, cytokine secretion, cleavage of caspase-1, or the formation of "puncta" within the cell that contain inflammasome components, such as caspase-1 or the adapter protein ASC. Here we describe a method for detecting caspase-1 activation on a single cell level in the context of infection by the Gram-negative pathogen Yersinia using immunofluorescence microscopy. We previously used this approach to quantify caspase-1 puncta formation in cells containing Yersinia translocon components (Zwack et al., MBio 6:e02095-14, 2015). This is a modification of methods used previously by Broz et al. (Cell Host Microbe 8:471-483, 2010) and Case and Roy (MBio 2:e00117-11, 2011). By taking a microscopy-based approach that allows us to quantify puncta as well as other cell-biological features of infection (i.e., number of bacteria associated with a particular cell; levels of bacterial effector or translocon proteins in caspase-1 puncta-containing cells; or levels or localization of host cellular proteins), we can better quantify the heterogeneity between cells undergoing pyroptosis and cells that are not under the same infection conditions. These approaches have the potential to generate hypotheses that can enable further mechanistic insight into activation of pyroptosis in response to bacterial infection.
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Palazon-Riquelme P, Lopez-Castejon G. The inflammasomes, immune guardians at defence barriers. Immunology 2018; 155:320-330. [PMID: 30098204 PMCID: PMC6187212 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of its strategic location, the epithelium is constantly exposed to a wide variety of pathogen and danger signals. Traditionally, the epithelium has been perceived as a defensive but passive barrier; however, it has now become evident that the epithelium senses and actively responds to these signals in order to maintain barrier homeostasis and contributes to the inflammatory response. One way it does this is by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These two cytokines are synthesized as inactive precursors, the maturation of which is mediated by pro-inflammatory caspases after the activation and assembly of macromolecular complexes called inflammasomes. Epithelial cells express a large panel of inflammasome components, and although the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of these complexes in haematopoietic cells are well understood, how epithelial cells react to danger signals to activate the inflammasome remains unclear. We review and discuss how different inflammasomes contribute to barrier homeostasis and inflammation at several barrier sites, their mechanisms and how their aberrant regulation contributes to disease at the different epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Palazon-Riquelme
- International Centre for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Manchester Collaborative Centre of Inflammation Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Manchester Collaborative Centre of Inflammation Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Xu YJ, Zheng L, Hu YW, Wang Q. Pyroptosis and its relationship to atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jamilloux Y, Lefeuvre L, Magnotti F, Martin A, Benezech S, Allatif O, Penel-Page M, Hentgen V, Sève P, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Duquesne A, Desjonquères M, Laurent A, Rémy-Piccolo V, Cimaz R, Cantarini L, Bourdonnay E, Walzer T, Py BF, Belot A, Henry T. Familial Mediterranean fever mutations are hypermorphic mutations that specifically decrease the activation threshold of the Pyrin inflammasome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 57:100-111. [PMID: 29040788 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives FMF is the most frequent autoinflammatory disease and is associated in most patients with bi-allelic MEFV mutations. MEFV encodes Pyrin, an inflammasome sensor activated following RhoGTPase inhibition. The functional consequences of MEFV mutations on the ability of Pyrin variants to act as inflammasome sensors are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether MEFV mutations affect the ability of Pyrin to detect RhoGTPase inhibition and other inflammasome stimuli. Methods IL-1β and IL-18 released by monocytes from healthy donors (HDs) and FMF patients were measured upon specific engagement of the Pyrin, NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Cell death kinetics following Pyrin activation was monitored in real time. Results Monocytes from FMF patients secreted significantly more IL-1β and IL-18 and died significantly faster than HD monocytes in response to low concentrations of Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB), a Pyrin-activating stimulus. Monocytes from patients bearing two MEFV exon 10 pathogenic variants displayed an increased Pyrin inflammasome response compared with monocytes from patients with a single exon 10 pathogenic variant indicating a gene-dosage effect. Using a short priming step, the response of monocytes from FMF patients to NLRP3- and NLRC4-activating stimuli was normal indicating that MEFV mutations trigger a specific hypersensitivity of monocytes to low doses of a Pyrin-engaging stimulus. Conclusion Contrary to the NLRP3 mutations described in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, FMF-associated MEFV mutations do not lead to a constitutive activation of Pyrin. Rather, FMF-associated mutations are hypermorphic mutations that specifically decrease the activation threshold of the Pyrin inflammasome without affecting other canonical inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Lucie Lefeuvre
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Department of General Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Flora Magnotti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, AOU Meyer, University of Firenze, Firenze
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behcet's Disease Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Amandine Martin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Sarah Benezech
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Omran Allatif
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service (BIBS), University of Lyon, Lyon
| | - Mathilde Penel-Page
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Véronique Hentgen
- French Reference Centre for Autoinflammatory Diseases (CEREMAI), Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | | | - Agnès Duquesne
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Marine Desjonquères
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Vanessa Rémy-Piccolo
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord Ouest, Villefranche sur Saône, France
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, AOU Meyer, University of Firenze, Firenze
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behcet's Disease Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emilie Bourdonnay
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Hôpital Femme-Mère Enfant, Bron
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69007
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Tyrkalska SD, Candel S, Pérez-Oliva AB, Valera A, Alcaraz-Pérez F, García-Moreno D, Cayuela ML, Mulero V. Identification of an Evolutionarily Conserved Ankyrin Domain-Containing Protein, Caiap, Which Regulates Inflammasome-Dependent Resistance to Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1375. [PMID: 29123523 PMCID: PMC5662874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins contain tandemly repeated modules of several amino acids, which act as the building blocks that form the underlying architecture of a specific protein-binding interface. Among these motifs and one of the most frequently observed is ankyrin repeats (ANK), which consist of 33 amino acid residues that are highly conserved. ANK domains span a wide range of functions, including protein–protein interactions, such as the recruitment of substrate to the catalytic domain of an enzyme, or the assembly of stable multiprotein complexes. Here, we report the identification of an evolutionarily conserved protein, that we term Caiap (from CARD- and ANK-containing Inflammasome Adaptor Protein), which has an N-terminal CARD domain and 16 C-terminal ANK domains and is required for the inflammasome-dependent resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium in zebrafish. Intriguingly, Caiap is highly conserved from cartilaginous fish to marsupials but is absent in placental mammals. Mechanistically, Caiap acts downstream flagellin and interacts with catalytic active Caspa, the functional homolog of mammalian caspase-1, through its ANK domain, while its CARD domain promotes its self-oligomerization. Our results therefore point to ANK domain-containing proteins as key inflammasome adaptors required for the stabilization of active caspase-1 in functionally stable, high molecular weight complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia D Tyrkalska
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Candel
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana B Pérez-Oliva
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Valera
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Alcaraz-Pérez
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Envejecimiento y Cáncer, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo de Telomerasa, Envejecimiento y Cáncer, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María L Cayuela
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Envejecimiento y Cáncer, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Mascarenhas DPA, Cerqueira DM, Pereira MSF, Castanheira FVS, Fernandes TD, Manin GZ, Cunha LD, Zamboni DS. Inhibition of caspase-1 or gasdermin-D enable caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006502. [PMID: 28771586 PMCID: PMC5542441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative, flagellated bacterium that survives in phagocytes and causes Legionnaires’ disease. Upon infection of mammalian macrophages, cytosolic flagellin triggers the activation of Naip/NLRC4 inflammasome, which culminates in pyroptosis and restriction of bacterial replication. Although NLRC4 and caspase-1 participate in the same inflammasome, Nlrc4-/- mice and their macrophages are more permissive to L. pneumophila replication compared with Casp1/11-/-. This feature supports the existence of a pathway that is NLRC4-dependent and caspase-1/11-independent. Here, we demonstrate that caspase-8 is recruited to the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome in response to flagellin-positive bacteria. Accordingly, caspase-8 is activated in Casp1/11-/- macrophages in a process dependent on flagellin, Naip5, NLRC4 and ASC. Silencing caspase-8 in Casp1/11-/- cells culminated in macrophages that were as susceptible as Nlrc4-/- for the restriction of L. pneumophila replication. Accordingly, macrophages and mice deficient in Asc/Casp1/11-/- were more susceptible than Casp1/11-/- and as susceptible as Nlrc4-/- for the restriction of infection. Mechanistically, we found that caspase-8 activation triggers gasdermin-D-independent pore formation and cell death. Interestingly, caspase-8 is recruited to the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome in wild-type macrophages, but it is only activated when caspase-1 or gasdermin-D is inhibited. Our data suggest that caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome enable induction of cell death when caspase-1 or gasdermin-D is suppressed. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, an atypical pneumophila that affects people worldwide. Besides the clinical importance, L. pneumophila is a very useful model of pathogenic bacteria for investigation of the interactions of innate immune cells with bacterial pathogens. Studies using L. pneumophila demonstrated that Naip5 and NLRC4 activate caspase-1 and this inflammasome is activated by bacterial flagellin. However, macrophages and mice deficient in NLRC4 are more susceptible for L. pneumophila replication than those deficient in caspase-1, indicating that the flagellin/Naip5/NLRC4 inflammasome triggers responses that are independent on caspase-1. Here, we used L. pneumophila to investigate this novel pathway and found that caspase-8 interacts with NLRC4 in a process that is dependent on ASC and independent of caspase-1 and caspase-11. Although caspase-8 is recruited to the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome, it is only activated when caspase-1 or gasdermin-D is inhibited. Our data suggest that caspase-8 activation in the Naip5/NLRC4/ASC inflammasome may favor host responses during infections against pathogens that inhibit components of the pyroptotic cell death including caspase-1 and gasdermin-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle P. A. Mascarenhas
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daiane M. Cerqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S. F. Pereira
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V. S. Castanheira
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Talita D. Fernandes
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Graziele Z. Manin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Larissa D. Cunha
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Basso P, Wallet P, Elsen S, Soleilhac E, Henry T, Faudry E, Attrée I. Multiple Pseudomonas species secrete exolysin-like toxins and provoke Caspase-1-dependent macrophage death. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4045-4064. [PMID: 28654176 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria secrete protein toxins that provoke apoptosis or necrosis of eukaryotic cells. Here, we developed a live-imaging method, based on incorporation of a DNA-intercalating dye into membrane-damaged host cells, to study the kinetics of primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) mortality induced by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing either Type III Secretion System (T3SS) toxins or the pore-forming toxin, Exolysin (ExlA). We found that ExlA promotes the activation of Caspase-1 and maturation of interleukin-1β. BMDMs deficient for Caspase-1 and Caspase-11 were resistant to ExlA-induced death. Furthermore, by using KO BMDMs, we determined that the upstream NLRP3/ASC complex leads to the Caspase-1 activation. We also demonstrated that Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas protegens and the Drosophila pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, which naturally express ExlA-like toxins, are cytotoxic toward macrophages and provoke the same type of pro-inflammatory death as does ExlA+ P. aeruginosa. These results demonstrate that ExlA-like toxins of two-partner secretion systems from diverse Pseudomonas species activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and provoke inflammatory pyroptotic death of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Basso
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Pierre Wallet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Soleilhac
- CMBA Platform, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM; Genetics & Chemogenomics, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France
| | - Eric Faudry
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- CNRS-ERL5261, INSERM, U1036, CEA, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, France
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Murciano C, Lee CT, Fernández-Bravo A, Hsieh TH, Fouz B, Hor LI, Amaro C. MARTX Toxin in the Zoonotic Serovar of Vibrio vulnificus Triggers an Early Cytokine Storm in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:332. [PMID: 28775962 PMCID: PMC5517466 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2-serovar E is a zoonotic clonal complex that can cause death by sepsis in humans and fish. Unlike other biotypes, Bt2 produces a unique type of MARTXVv (Multifunctional-Autoprocessive-Repeats-in-Toxin; RtxA13), which is encoded by a gene duplicated in the pVvBt2 plasmid and chromosome II. In this work, we analyzed the activity of this toxin and its role in human sepsis by performing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays. First, we demonstrated that the ACD domain, present exclusively in this toxin variant, effectively has an actin-cross-linking activity. Second, we determined that the whole toxin caused death of human endotheliocytes and monocytes by lysis and apoptosis, respectively. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that RtxA13 contributes to human death caused by this zoonotic serovar by triggering an early cytokine storm in blood. To this end, we used a Bt2-SerE strain (R99) together with its rtxA13 deficient mutant, and a Bt1 strain (YJ016) producing RtxA11 (the most studied MARTXVv) together with its rtxA11 deficient mutant, as controls. Our results showed that RtxA13 was essential for virulence, as R99ΔΔrtxA13 was completely avirulent in our murine model of infection, and that R99, but not strain YJ016, induced an early, strong and dysregulated immune response involving the up-regulation of a high number of genes. This dysregulated immune response was directly linked to RtxA13. Based on these results and those obtained ex vivo (human blood), we propose a model of infection for the zoonotic serovar of V. vulnificus, in which RtxA13 would act as a sepsis-inducing toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Murciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología & Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Chung-Te Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology & College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Ana Fernández-Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología & Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology & College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Belén Fouz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología & Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Lien-I Hor
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology & College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Carmen Amaro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología & Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain
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Kieser KJ, Kagan JC. Multi-receptor detection of individual bacterial products by the innate immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:376-390. [PMID: 28461704 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The receptors of the innate immune system detect specific microbial ligands to promote effective inflammatory and adaptive immune responses. Although this idea is well appreciated, studies in recent years have highlighted the complexity of innate immune detection, with multiple host receptors recognizing the same microbial ligand. Understanding the collective actions of diverse receptors that recognize common microbial signatures represents a new frontier in the study of innate immunity, and is the focus of this Review. Here, we discuss examples of individual bacterial cell wall components that are recognized by at least two and as many as four different receptors of the innate immune system. These receptors survey the extracellular or cytosolic spaces for their cognate ligands and operate in a complementary manner to induce distinct cellular responses. We further highlight that, despite this genetic diversity in receptors and pathways, common features exist to explain the operation of these receptors. These common features may help to provide unifying organizing principles associated with host defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Kieser
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Garib FY, Rizopulu AP, Kuchmiy AA, Garib VF. Inactivation of Inflammasomes by Pathogens Regulates Inflammation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1326-1339. [PMID: 27914458 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response is initiated and sustained by the action of quintessential pro-inflammatory cytokines of immune system namely IL-1β and IL-18. The maturation process of those cytokines is ensured by caspase-1 enzymatic activity, that is in turn is tightly controlled by multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are activated in cells of innate immune system in response to recognition of conservative parts of microbes (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) or by sensing molecular signs of tissue damage (damage-associated molecular patterns). Inflammasome activation apart of cytokines secretion leads to pro-inflammatory cell death, so-called pyroptosis. That culminates in release of cytoplasmatic content of cells including cytokines and alarmins that boost immune response against pathogens, as well as pyroptosis destroys replicative niches of intracellular pathogens. During co-evolution with the host, bacterial and viral pathogens developed a range of molecular inhibitors targeting each step of inflammasome activation. In current review, we will discuss the latest knowledge of inflammasomes' signaling pathways and tricks that pathogens use to avoid immune recognition and clearance. Our better understanding of inflammasome inhibition by pathogens can lead to better therapeutic approaches for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yu Garib
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Ratner D, Orning MPA, Lien E. Bacterial secretion systems and regulation of inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:165-181. [PMID: 27810946 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defenses against pathogens, but many bacteria display complex ways of interacting with innate immune signaling, as they may both activate and evade certain pathways. Gram-negative bacteria can exhibit specialized nanomachine secretion systems for delivery of effector proteins into mammalian cells. Bacterial types III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) are known for their impact on caspase-1-activating inflammasomes, necessary for producing bioactive inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, key participants of anti-bacterial responses. Here, we discuss how these secretion systems can mediate triggering and inhibition of inflammasome signaling. We propose that a fine balance between secretion system-mediated activation and inhibition can determine net activation of inflammasome activity and control inflammation, clearance, or spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ratner
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - M Pontus A Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
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Shin S. Innate Immunity to Intracellular Pathogens: Lessons Learned from Legionella pneumophila. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 79:43-71. [PMID: 22569517 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394318-7.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens have the remarkable ability to manipulate host cell processes in order to establish a replicative niche within the host cell. In response, the host can initiate immune defenses that lead to the eventual restriction and clearance of intracellular infection. The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila has evolved elaborate virulence mechanisms that allow for its survival inside protozoa within a specialized membrane-bound organelle. These strategies also enable L. pneumophila to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages, and can result in the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. Essential to L. pneumophila's intracellular lifestyle is a specialized type IV secretion system, termed Dot/Icm, that translocates bacterial effector proteins into host cells. The ease with which L. pneumophila can be genetically manipulated has facilitated the comparison of host responses to virulent and isogenic avirulent mutants lacking a functional Dot/Icm system. This has made L. pneumophila an excellent model for understanding how the host discriminates between pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and for systematically dissecting host defense mechanisms against intracellular pathogens. In this chapter, I discuss a few examples demonstrating how the study of immune responses triggered specifically by the L. pneumophila type IV secretion system has provided unique insight into our understanding of host immunity against intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Development of an Ex Vivo Tissue Platform To Study the Human Lung Response to Coxiella burnetii. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1438-1445. [PMID: 26902725 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00012-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes human Q fever, an acute debilitating flu-like illness that can also present as chronic endocarditis. Disease typically occurs following inhalation of contaminated aerosols, resulting in an initial pulmonary infection. In human cells, C. burnetii generates a replication niche termed the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) by directing fusion with autophagosomes and lysosomes. C. burnetii requires this lysosomal environment for replication and uses a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system to generate the large PV. However, we do not understand how C. burnetii evades the intracellular immune surveillance that triggers an inflammatory response. We recently characterized human alveolar macrophage (hAM) infection in vitro and found that avirulent C. burnetii triggers sustained interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. Here, we evaluated infection of ex vivo human lung tissue, defining a valuable approach for characterizing C. burnetii interactions with a human host. Within whole lung tissue, C. burnetii preferentially replicated in hAMs. Additionally, IL-1β production correlated with formation of an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC)-dependent inflammasome in response to infection. We also assessed potential activation of a human-specific noncanonical inflammasome and found that caspase-4 and caspase-5 are processed during infection. Interestingly, although inflammasome activation is closely linked to pyroptosis, lytic cell death did not occur following C. burnetii-triggered inflammasome activation, indicating an atypical response after intracellular detection. Together, these studies provide a novel platform for studying the human innate immune response to C. burnetii.
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40
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Krause K, Amer AO. Caspase Exploitation by Legionella pneumophila. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:515. [PMID: 27148204 PMCID: PMC4829591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila remains a major health concern, especially for hospitalized patients. L. pneumophila in the environment can survive extracellular or as protozoan parasite within amoeba. After human infection it efficiently replicates in alveolar macrophages without activating inflammasome assembly and cleavage of caspase-1. In contrast murine macrophages actively recognize intracellular L. pneumophila via inflammasome components which initiate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, phagosomal maturation and pyroptotic cell death thereby leading to bacterial restriction. During this process flagellin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways trigger the canonical as well as the non-canonical inflammasome. This review describes the current knowledge about L. pneumophila-induced inflammasome pathways in permissive and restrictive host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Krause
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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41
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Schell U, Simon S, Hilbi H. Inflammasome Recognition and Regulation of the Legionella Flagellum. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 397:161-81. [PMID: 27460809 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Legionella pneumophila colonizes extracellular environmental niches and infects free-living protozoa. Upon inhalation into the human lung, the opportunistic pathogen grows in macrophages and causes a fulminant pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila employs a biphasic life cycle, comprising a replicative, non-virulent, and a stationary, virulent form. In the latter phase, the pathogen produces a plethora of so-called effector proteins, which are injected into host cells, where they subvert pivotal processes and promote the formation of a distinct membrane-bound compartment, the Legionella-containing vacuole. In the stationary phase, the bacteria also produce a single monopolar flagellum and become motile. L. pneumophila flagellin is recognized by and triggers the host's NAIP5 (Birc1e)/NLRC4 (Ipaf) inflammasome, which leads to caspase-1 activation, pore formation, and pyroptosis. The production of L. pneumophila flagellin and pathogen-host interactions are controlled by a complex stationary phase regulatory network, detecting nutrient availability as well as the Legionella quorum sensing (Lqs) signaling compound LAI-1 (3-hydroxypentadecane-4-one). Thus, the small molecule LAI-1 coordinates L. pneumophila flagellin production and motility, inflammasome activation, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Schell
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Simon
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland.
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42
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Zamboni DS, Lima-Junior DS. Inflammasomes in host response to protozoan parasites. Immunol Rev 2015; 265:156-71. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology; School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Djalma S. Lima-Junior
- Department of Cell Biology; School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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43
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Nuvolone M, Sorce S, Schwarz P, Aguzzi A. Prion pathogenesis in the absence of NLRP3/ASC inflammasomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117208. [PMID: 25671600 PMCID: PMC4324825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of the scrapie prion protein PrPSc, a misfolded conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC, is a crucial feature of prion diseases. In the central nervous system, this process is accompanied by conspicuous microglia activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-molecular complex which can sense heterogeneous pathogen-associated molecular patterns and culminates in the activation of caspase 1 and release of IL 1β. The NLRP3 inflammasome was reported to be essential for IL 1β release after in vitro exposure to the amyloidogenic peptide PrP106-126 and to recombinant PrP fibrils. We therefore studied the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a mouse model of prion infection. Upon intracerebral inoculation with scrapie prions (strain RML), mice lacking NLRP3 (Nlrp3-/-) or the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC (Pycard-/-) succumbed to scrapie with attack rates and incubation times similar to wild-type mice, and developed the classic histologic and biochemical features of prion diseases. Genetic ablation of NLRP3 or ASC did not significantly impact on brain levels of IL 1β at the terminal stage of disease. Our results exclude a significant role for NLRP3 and ASC in prion pathogenesis and invalidate their claimed potential as therapeutic target against prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nuvolone
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AA); (MN)
| | - Silvia Sorce
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AA); (MN)
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44
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Im H, Ammit AJ. The NLRP3 inflammasome: role in airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:160-72. [PMID: 24118105 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodelling. Uncontrolled airway inflammation or repeated asthma exacerbations can lead to airway remodelling, which cannot be reversed by current pharmacological treatment, and consequently lead to decline in lung function. Thus, it is critical to understand airway inflammation in asthma and infectious exacerbation. The inflammasome has emerged as playing a key role in innate immunity and inflammation. Upon ligand sensing, inflammasome components assemble and self-oligomerize, leading to caspase-1 activation and maturation of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into bioactive cytokines. These bioactive cytokines then play a pivotal role in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory processes. In addition to facilitating the proteolytic activation of IL-1β and IL-18, inflammasomes also participate in cell death through caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. In this review, we describe the structure and function of the inflammasome and provide an overview of our current understanding of role of the inflammasome in airway inflammation. We focus on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as it is the best-characterized subtype shown expressed in airway and considered to play a key role in chronic airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Im
- Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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45
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de Ronde D, Butterbach P, Kormelink R. Dominant resistance against plant viruses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:307. [PMID: 25018765 PMCID: PMC4073217 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To establish a successful infection plant viruses have to overcome a defense system composed of several layers. This review will overview the various strategies plants employ to combat viral infections with main emphasis on the current status of single dominant resistance (R) genes identified against plant viruses and the corresponding avirulence (Avr) genes identified so far. The most common models to explain the mode of action of dominant R genes will be presented. Finally, in brief the hypersensitive response (HR) and extreme resistance (ER), and the functional and structural similarity of R genes to sensors of innate immunity in mammalian cell systems will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dryas de Ronde
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Butterbach
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
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46
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Rodgers MA, Bowman JW, Liang Q, Jung JU. Regulation where autophagy intersects the inflammasome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:495-506. [PMID: 23642014 PMCID: PMC3894701 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The autophagy and inflammasome pathways are ancient innate immune mechanisms for controlling invading pathogens that are linked by mutual regulation. In addition to controlling the metabolic homeostasis of the cell through nutrient recycling, the "self-eating" process of autophagy is also responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles, cells, and pathogens to protect the integrity of the organism. As a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) complex, the inflammasome both induces and is induced by autophagy through direct interactions with autophagy proteins or through the effects of secondary molecules, such as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA. RECENT ADVANCES While the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation and regulation are largely unknown, much of the current knowledge has been established through investigation of the role of autophagy in innate immunity. Likewise, regulatory proteins in the NOD-like receptor family, which includes inflammasome PRRs, are able to stimulate autophagy in response to the presence of a pathogen. CRITICAL ISSUES Many of the newly uncovered links between autophagy and inflammasomes have raised new questions about the mechanisms controlling inflammasome function, which are highlighted in this review. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Our basic understanding of the mutual regulation of inflammasomes and autophagy will be essential for designing therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases, especially those for which autophagy and inflammasome genes have already been linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Rodgers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
Microglia and macrophages in the CNS contain multimolecular complexes termed inflammasomes. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors for infectious agents as well as for host-derived danger signals that are associated with neurological diseases, including meningitis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Assembly of an inflammasome activates caspase 1 and, subsequently, the proteolysis and release of the cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, as well as pyroptotic cell death. Since the discovery of inflammasomes in 2002, there has been burgeoning recognition of their complexities and functions. Here, we review the current understanding of the functions of different inflammasomes in the CNS and their roles in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Walsh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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48
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Speir M, Vince JE, Naderer T. Programmed cell death in Legionella infection. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:107-18. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, Legionella pneumophila, resides within alveolar macrophages by exporting 295 bacterial virulence proteins (effectors) to modulate host cell processes. This leads to the formation of a unique vacuolar niche and the suppression of macrophage cell death pathways, which, in turn, promote bacterial survival and allow sufficient time for replication. However, once nutrients within the vacuole are depleted, Legionella must act to induce host cell death in order to facilitate bacterial egress and reinfect new cells. Intracellular Legionella also evade detection by the host cell’s innate immune system, which seeks to destroy invading pathogens by activating inflammasome complexes, thereby promoting proinflammatory cytokine activation and pyroptotic cell death. Understanding how different forms of programmed cell death contribute to Legionella infectivity and are manipulated by Legionella effector proteins will be important for identifying novel antibacterial therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Speir
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Naderer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
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49
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Casson CN, Shin S. Inflammasome-mediated cell death in response to bacterial pathogens that access the host cell cytosol: lessons from legionella pneumophila. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:111. [PMID: 24409420 PMCID: PMC3873505 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death can be critical for host defense against intracellular pathogens because it eliminates a crucial replicative niche, and pro-inflammatory cell death can alert neighboring cells to the presence of pathogenic organisms and enhance downstream immune responses. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory form of cell death triggered by the inflammasome, a multi-protein complex that assembles in the cytosol to activate caspase-1. Inflammasome activation by pathogens hinges upon violation of the host cell cytosol by activities such as the use of pore-forming toxins, the use of specialized secretion systems, or the cytosolic presence of the pathogen itself. Recently, a non-canonical inflammasome has been described that activates caspase-11 and also leads to pro-inflammatory cell death. Caspase-11 is activated rapidly and robustly in response to violation of the cytosol by bacterial pathogens as well. In this mini-review, we describe the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome pathways that are critical for host defense against a model intracellular bacterial pathogen that accesses the host cytosol—Legionella pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra N Casson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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50
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Chaput C, Sander LE, Suttorp N, Opitz B. NOD-Like Receptors in Lung Diseases. Front Immunol 2013; 4:393. [PMID: 24312100 PMCID: PMC3836004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a particularly vulnerable organ at the interface of the body and the exterior environment. It is constantly exposed to microbes and particles by inhalation. The innate immune system needs to react promptly and adequately to potential dangers posed by these microbes and particles, while at the same time avoiding extensive tissue damage. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) represent a group of key sensors for microbes and damage in the lung. As such they are important players in various infectious as well as acute and chronic sterile inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumoconiosis, and asthma. Activation of most known NLRs leads to the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and/or to the induction of cell death. We will review NLR functions in the lung during infection and sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chaput
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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