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Lungova V, Gowda M, Fernandez JM, Bartley S, Venkatraman A, Rey FE, Thibeault SL. Contribution of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae and Streptococcus salivarius to vocal fold mucosal integrity and function. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050670. [PMID: 38903015 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural changes to the vocal fold (VF) epithelium, namely, loosened intercellular junctions, have been reported in VF benign lesions. The potential mechanisms responsible for the disruption of cell junctions do not address the contribution of resident microbial communities to this pathological phenomenon. In this study, we focused on determining the relationship between Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (SP), a dominant bacterial species associated with benign lesions, and Streptococcus salivarius (SS), a commensal bacterium, with human VF epithelial cells in our three-dimensional model of the human VF mucosa. This experimental system enabled direct deposition of bacteria onto constructs at the air/liquid interface, allowing for the assessment of bacterium-host interactions at the cellular, molecular and ultrastructural levels. Our findings demonstrate that SP disrupts VF epithelial integrity and initiates inflammation via the exported products HtrA1 and pneumolysin. In contrast, SS attaches to the VF epithelium, reduces inflammation and induces Mmp2-mediated apical desquamation of infected cells to mitigate the impact of pathogens. In conclusion, this study highlights the complexity of microbial involvement in VF pathology and potential VF mucosal restoration in the presence of laryngeal commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Lungova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Madhu Gowda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jessica M Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Stephanie Bartley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Anumitha Venkatraman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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2
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Garriss G, Wimmercranz Marking U, Nannapaneni P, Henriques-Normark B, Blomqvist K. A case of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae in Sweden. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:944-946. [PMID: 36966987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Garriss
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Priyanka Nannapaneni
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Blomqvist
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Tabata A, Matsumoto A, Fujimoto A, Ohkura K, Ikeda T, Oda H, Yokohata S, Kobayashi M, Tomoyasu T, Takao A, Ohkuni H, Nagamune H. Dual functions of discoidinolysin, a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin with N-terminal discoidin domain produced from Streptococcus mitis strain Nm-76. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2105013. [PMID: 35937899 PMCID: PMC9351568 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some strains of Streptococcus mitis exhibit β-hemolysis due to the β-hemolytic activity of cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). Recently, a gene encoding an atypical lectinolysin-related CDC was found in S. mitis strain Nm-76. However, the product of this gene remains uncharacterized. We aimed to characterize this atypical CDC and its molecular functions and contribution to the pathogenicity of S. mitis strain Nm-76. Methods Phylogenetic analysis of the CDC gene was conducted based on the web-deposited information. The molecular characteristics of CDC were investigated using a gene-deletion mutant strain and recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Results The gene encoding CDC found in Nm-76 and its homolog are distributed among many S. mitis strains. This CDC is phylogenetically different from other previously characterized CDCs, such as S. mitis-derived human platelet aggregation factor (Sm-hPAF)/lectinolysin and mitilysin. Because this CDC possesses an additional N-terminal domain, including a discoidin motif, it was termed discoidinolysin (DLY). In addition to the preferential lysis of human cells, DLY displayed N-terminal domain-dependent facilitation of human erythrocyte aggregation and intercellular associations between human cells. Conclusion DLY functions as a hemolysin/cytolysin and erythrocyte aggregation/intercellular association molecule. This dual-function DLY could be an additional virulence factor in S. mitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tabata
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Airi Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ai Fujimoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ikeda
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuto Yokohata
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miho Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takao
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ohkuni
- Research Institute, Health Science Research Institute East Japan Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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4
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Interrogation of the contribution of (endo)lysin domains to tune their bacteriolytic efficiency provides a novel clue to design superior antibacterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1042-1053. [PMID: 36370862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage-derived endolysins and bacterial autolysins (hereinafter lysins) represent a completely new class of efficient antibacterials. They prevent the development of bacterial resistance and help protect commensal microbiota, producing cell wall lysis. Here we have investigated whether the acquisition of enzymatic active domains (EADs) and cell wall binding domains (CWBDs) of balancing efficiencies could be a way of tuning natural lysin activity. The concept was applied to produce a chimeric lysin of superior antibacterial capacity using the endolysin Skl and the major pneumococcal autolysin LytA. Combination of the Skl EAD and the cell wall choline-binding domain (CBD) of LytA in the chimera QSLA increased the bacterial killing by 2 logs or more compared to parental enzymes at an equal concentration and extended the substrate range to resistant and emergent pneumococci and other pathogens of the mitis group. Contrarily, QLAS, containing LytA EAD and Skl CBD, was inactive against all tested strains, although domain structures were preserved and hydrolysis of purified cell walls maintained in both chimeras. As a whole, our study provides a novel clue to design superior lysins to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens based on domain selection, and a powerful in-vivo active lysin (QSLA) with promising therapeutic perspectives.
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5
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Ajeeb TT, Gonzalez E, Solomons NW, Koski KG. Human milk microbial species are associated with infant head-circumference during early and late lactation in Guatemalan mother-infant dyads. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908845. [PMID: 36466698 PMCID: PMC9709448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains abundant commensal bacteria that colonize and establish the infant's gut microbiome but the association between the milk microbiome and head circumference during infancy has not been explored. For this cross-sectional study, head-circumference-for-age-z-scores (HCAZ) of vaginally delivered breastfed infants were collected from 62 unrelated Mam-Mayan mothers living in eight remote rural communities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala during two stages of lactation, 'early' (6-46 days postpartum, n = 29) or 'late' (109-184 days postpartum, n = 33). At each stage of lactation, infants were divided into HCAZ ≥ -1 SD (early: n = 18; late: n = 14) and HCAZ < -1 SD (early: n = 11; late: n = 19). Milk microbiome communities were assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and DESeq2 was used to compare the differential abundance (DA) of human milk microbiota with infant HCAZ subgroups at both stages of lactations. A total of 503 ESVs annotated 256 putative species across the 64 human milk samples. Alpha-diversity using Chao index uncovered a difference in microbial community richness between HCAZ ≥ -1 SD and HCAZ < -1 SD groups at late lactation (p = 0.045) but not at early lactation. In contrast, Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates identified significant differences between HCAZ ≥ -1 SD and HCAZ < -1 SD at both stages of lactation (p = 0.003); moreover, 26 milk microbial taxa differed in relative abundance (FDR < 0.05) between HCAZ ≥ -1 SD and HCAZ < -1 SD, with 13 differentially abundant at each lactation stage. Most species in the HCAZ ≥ -1 SD group were Streptococcus species from the Firmicutes phylum which are considered human colonizers associated with human milk whereas the HCAZ < -1 SD group at late lactation had more differentially abundant taxa associated with environmentally and 'potentially opportunistic' species belonging to the Actinobacteria genus. These findings suggest possible associations between brain growth of breastfed infants and the milk microbiome during lactation. Importantly, these data provide the first evidence of cross talk between the human milk microbiome and the infant brain that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara T. Ajeeb
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Noel W. Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
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6
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Geng Y, Wu W, Li R, Xu J, Gu R, Lu J, Zheng W, Zhao F, Zhang J, Gong J. Founder Effects Contribute to the Population Genetic Structure of the Major Dermatophytosis Pathogen Trichophyton rubrum on Hainan Island, China. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1569-1577. [PMID: 34737596 PMCID: PMC8558103 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s329569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Founder events have been observed among numerous plants and animal species living on oceanic islands due to the geographic separation of these islands and the small amount of original life they harbor. However, there has been little research on the ecological characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms on islands. Trichophyton rubrum ranks the most common isolated dermatophyte causing dermatophytosis in clinic and has become an epidemic strain worldwide in recent decades. Objective To study the phylogenetic characteristics and the distribution pattern of genetic polymorphism of T. rubrum in China, which further provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of T. rubrum. Methods In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the genetic characteristics of 204 T. rubrum isolates from Hainan Island and other sites in China. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic polymorphisms were studied based on a total of 41,409 high-quality whole-genome SNPs. Results The majority of the isolates from Hainan Island clustered together. Mixed T. rubrum population differentiation was observed among the strains of different geographical origins. In addition, the genetic diversity (π) of the Hainan isolates was low and showed no significant difference from that of isolates from other sites. Conclusion This study is the first to discuss general ecological and evolutionary principles related to pathogenic fungi. Our findings reveal a founder effect during the origination of T. rubrum on Hainan Island and provide guidance regarding prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Geng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rouyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Gu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenai Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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7
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Gisch N, Peters K, Thomsen S, Vollmer W, Schwudke D, Denapaite D. Commensal Streptococcus mitis produces two different lipoteichoic acids of type I and type IV. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1655-1669. [PMID: 34314482 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus mitis possesses, like other members of the Mitis group of viridans streptococci, phosphorylcholine (P-Cho)-containing teichoic acids (TAs) in its cell wall. Bioinformatic analyses predicted the presence of TAs that are almost identical with those identified in the pathogen S. pneumoniae, but a detailed analysis of S. mitis lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was not performed to date. Here we determined the structures of LTA from two S. mitis strains, the high-level beta-lactam and multiple antibiotic resistant strain B6 and the penicillin-sensitive strain NCTC10712. In agreement with bioinformatic predictions we found that the structure of one LTA (type IV) was like pneumococcal LTA, except the exchange of a glucose moiety with a galactose within the repeating units. Further genome comparisons suggested that the majority of S. mitis strains should contain the same type IV LTA as S. pneumoniae, providing a more complete understanding of the biosynthesis of these P-Cho-containing TAs in members of the Mitis group of streptococci. Remarkably, we observed besides type IV LTA an additional polymer belonging to LTA type I in both investigated S. mitis strains. This LTA consists of β-galactofuranosyl-(1,3)-diacylglycerol as glycolipid anchor and a poly-glycerol-phosphate chain at the O-6 position of the furanosidic galactose. Hence, these bacteria are capable of synthesizing two different LTA polymers, most likely produced by distinct biosynthesis pathways. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed the prevalence of the LTA synthase LtaS, most probably responsible for the second LTA version (type I), amongst S. mitis and S. pseudopneumoniae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Peters
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simone Thomsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE2 4AX Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site: Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Dalia Denapaite
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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8
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Jensen CS, Dargis R, Shewmaker P, Nielsen XC, Christensen JJ. Identification of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae and other mitis group streptococci using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115487. [PMID: 34339919 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of the MALDI-ToF MS from Bruker Daltonics to identify clinical Mitis-Group-Streptococcus isolates with a focus on Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. The results were analyzed using the standard log(score) and the previously published list(score). Importantly, using the log(score) no misidentifications occurred and 27 of 29 (93%) S. pneumoniae and 27 of 30 (90%) S. oralis strains were identified, but only 1 of 31 (3%) S. pseudopneumoniae and 1 of 13 (8%) S. mitis strains were identified. However, our results show that 30 of 31 S. pseudopneumoniae strains had a S. pseudopneumoniae Main Spectral Profiles within the 3 best matches. Using the list(score) all S. oralis and S. pneumoniae strains were identified correctly, but list(score) misidentified 10 S. pseudopneumoniae and 5 S. mitis. We propose to use the log(score) for identification of S. pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. mitis and S. oralis, but for some strains additional testing may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rimtas Dargis
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Jørgen Christensen
- The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology, Region Zealand, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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9
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Beall B. Potential Epidemiologic and Historical Implications of Capsular Serotypes Shared by Pneumococci and Their Nonpneumococcal Relatives. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:343-346. [PMID: 31605123 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Beall
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae: Use of Whole-Genome Sequences To Validate Species Identification Methods. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02503-20. [PMID: 33208473 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02503-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A correct identification of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a prerequisite for investigating the clinical impact of the bacterium. The identification has traditionally relied on phenotypic methods. However, these phenotypic traits have been shown to be unreliable, with some S. pseudopneumoniae strains giving conflicting results. Therefore, sequence-based identification methods have increasingly been used for identification of S. pseudopneumoniae In this study, we used 64 S. pseudopneumoniae strains, 59 S. pneumoniae strains, 22 S. mitis strains, 24 S. oralis strains, 6 S. infantis strains, and 1 S. peroris strain to test the capability of three single genes (rpoB, gyrB, and recA), two multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) schemes, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny tool CSI phylogeny, a k-mer-based identification method (KmerFinder), average nucleotide identity (ANI) using fastANI, and core genome analysis to identify S. pseudopneumoniae Core genome analysis and CSI phylogeny were able to cluster all strains into distinct clusters related to their respective species. It was not possible to identify all S. pseudopneumoniae strains correctly using only one of the single genes. The MLSA schemes were unable to identify some of the S. pseudopneumoniae strains, which could be misidentified. KmerFinder identified all S. pseudopneumoniae strains but misidentified one S. mitis strain as S. pseudopneumoniae, and fastANI differentiated between S. pseudopneumoniae and S. pneumoniae using an ANI cutoff of 96%.
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11
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Matsumoto A, Tabata A, Ohkura K, Oda H, Kodama C, Ohkuni H, Takao A, Kikuchi K, Tomoyasu T, Nagamune H. Molecular characteristics of an adhesion molecule containing cholesterol-dependent cytolysin-motif produced by mitis group streptococci. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:61-75. [PMID: 33331679 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (SPpn) is a relatively new species closely related to S. pneumoniae (SPn) and S. mitis (SM) belonging to the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus (MGS). Although genes encoding various pneumococcal virulence factors have been observed in the SPpn genome, the pathogenicity of SPpn against human, including the roles of virulence factor candidates, is still unclear. The present study focused on and characterized a candidate virulence factor previously reported in SPpn with deduced multiple functional domains, such as lipase domain, two lectin domains, and cholesterol-dependent cytolysin-related domain using various recombinant proteins. The gene was found not only in SPpn but also in the strains of SM and SPn. Moreover, the gene product was expressed in the gene-positive strains as secreted and cell-bound forms. The recombinant of gene product showed lipase activity and human cell-binding activity depending on the function of lectin domain(s), but no hemolytic activity. Thus, based on the distribution of the gene within the MGS and its molecular function, the gene product was named mitilectin (MLC) and its contribution to the potential pathogenicity of the MLC-producing strains was investigated. Consequently, the treatment with anti-MLC antibody and the mlc gene-knockout significantly reduced the human cell-binding activity of MLC-producing strains. Therefore, the multifunctional MLC was suggested to be important as an adhesion molecule in considering the potential pathogenicity of the MLC-producing strains belonging to MGS, such as SPpn and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kodama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ohkuni
- Health Science Research Institute East Japan, Kounosu, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takao
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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12
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Piñar G, Sclocchi MC, Pinzari F, Colaizzi P, Graf A, Sebastiani ML, Sterflinger K. The Microbiome of Leonardo da Vinci's Drawings: A Bio-Archive of Their History. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593401. [PMID: 33329475 PMCID: PMC7718017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven emblematic Leonardo da Vinci’s drawings were investigated through third generation sequencing technology (Nanopore). In addition, SEM analyses were carried out to acquire photographic documentation and to infer the nature of the micro-objects removed from the surface of the drawings. The Nanopore generated microbiomes can be used as a “bio-archive” of the drawings, offering a kind of fingerprint for current and future biological comparisons. This information might help to create a biological catalog of the drawings (cataloging), a microbiome-fingerprint for each single analyzed drawing, as a reference dataset for future studies (monitoring) and last but not least a bio-archive of the history of each single object (added value). Results showed a relatively high contamination with human DNA and a surprising dominance of bacteria over fungi. However, it was possible to identify typical bacteria of the human microbiome, which are mere contaminants introduced by handling of the drawings as well as other microorganisms that seem to have been introduced through vectors, such as insects and their droppings, visible through the SEM analyses. All drawings showed very specific bio-archives, but a core microbiome of bacteria and fungi that are repeatedly found in this type of material as true degraders were identified, such as members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes among bacteria, and fungi belonging to the classes Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. In addition, some similarities were observed that could be influenced by their geographical location (Rome or Turin), indicating the influence of this factor and denoting the importance of environmental and storage conditions on the specific microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Piñar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Carla Sclocchi
- Laboratorio di Biologia, Istituto Centrale per la Patologia degli Archivi e del Libro (ICPAL), Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pinzari
- Institute for Biological Systems (ISB), Council of National Research of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Piero Colaizzi
- Laboratorio di Biologia, Istituto Centrale per la Patologia degli Archivi e del Libro (ICPAL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra Graf
- Applied Life Sciences/Bioengineering/Bioinformatics, FH Campus, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Letizia Sebastiani
- Laboratorio di Biologia, Istituto Centrale per la Patologia degli Archivi e del Libro (ICPAL), Rome, Italy
| | - Katja Sterflinger
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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13
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Garriss G, Henriques-Normark B. Lysogeny in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1546. [PMID: 33036379 PMCID: PMC7600539 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, are major contributors to the evolution, pathogenesis and overall biology of their host bacteria. During their life cycle, temperate bacteriophages form stable associations with their host by integrating into the chromosome, a process called lysogeny. Isolates of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae are frequently lysogenic, and genomic studies have allowed the classification of these phages into distinct phylogenetic groups. Here, we review the recent advances in the characterization of temperate pneumococcal phages, with a focus on their genetic features and chromosomal integration loci. We also discuss the contribution of phages, and specific phage-encoded features, to colonization and virulence. Finally, we discuss interesting research perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Garriss
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Bioclinicum, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC) and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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14
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Nahm MH, Brissac T, Kilian M, Vlach J, Orihuela CJ, Saad JS, Ganaie F. Pneumococci Can Become Virulent by Acquiring a New Capsule From Oral Streptococci. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:372-380. [PMID: 31605125 PMCID: PMC7457184 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been successful, but their use has increased infections by nonvaccine serotypes. Oral streptococci often harbor capsular polysaccharide (PS) synthesis loci (cps). Although this has not been observed in nature, if pneumococcus can replace its cps with oral streptococcal cps, it may increase its serotype repertoire. In the current study, we showed that oral Streptococcus strain SK95 and pneumococcal strain D39 both produce structurally identical capsular PS, and their genetic backgrounds influence the amount of capsule production and shielding from nonspecific killing. SK95 is avirulent in a well-established in vivo mouse model. When acapsular pneumococcus was transformed with SK95 cps, the transformant became virulent and killed all mice. Thus, cps from oral Streptococcus strains can make acapsular pneumococcus virulent, and interspecies cps transfer should be considered a potential mechanism of serotype replacement. Our findings, along with publications from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlight potential limitations of the 2013 World Health Organization criterion for studying pneumococcal serotypes carried without isolating bacteria. We show that an oral streptococcal strain, SK95, and a pneumococcal strain, D39, both produce chemically identical capsular PS. We also show that transferring SK95 cps into noncapsulated, avirulent pneumococcus gave it the capacity for virulence in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon H Nahm
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Terry Brissac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mogens Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jiri Vlach
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Feroze Ganaie
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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15
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Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19:e28-e31. [PMID: 31759908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic power of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae has been specified over years, particularly in case of chronic respiratory diseases; S. pseudopneumoniae isolation has however not been characterized before in CF patients. Identification of S. pseudopneumoniae remains challenging due to the high simila-rity level between species of the Streptococcus mitis group. Twenty CF patients with S. pseudopneumoniae were included. Isolates initially identified by phenotypic routine methods were subjected to both recA sequencing and amplification of S. pseudopneumoniae specific markers. Microbiological and clinical data were reviewed for patients with confirmed S. pseudopneumoniae. Thirteen isolates actually belong to S. pseudopneumoniae. S. pseudopneumoniae was associated with pulmonary exacerbation in 46% of the patients, either as the sole pathogen or as part of a polymicrobial infectious process. S. pseudopneumoniae has to be considered as an additional opportunistic pathogen in CF and additional studies are needed to increase knowledge of its epidemiology and clinical significance in CF.
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