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Prasanna M, Varela Calvino R, Lambert A, Arista Romero M, Pujals S, Trottein F, Camberlein E, Grandjean C, Csaba N. Semisynthetic Pneumococcal Glycoconjugate Nanovaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1563-1575. [PMID: 37694903 PMCID: PMC10515484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines offer an excellent safety profile and high protection against the serotypes comprised in the vaccine. However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Along this line, nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by protecting them from degradation and increasing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, as well as offering co-delivery with adjuvants. We report herein the encapsulation of a semisynthetic glycoconjugate (GC) composed of a synthetic tetrasaccharide mimicking theS. pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (CP14) linked to the Pneumococcal surface protein A (PsaA) using chitosan NPs (CNPs). These GC-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GC-CNPs) were not toxic to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), showed enhanced uptake, and displayed better immunostimulatory properties in comparison to the naked GC. A comparative study was carried out in mice to evaluate the immune response elicited by the glycoconjugate-administered subcutaneously (SC), where the GC-CNPs displayed 100-fold higher IgG response as compared with the group treated with nonencapsulated GC. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of this chitosan-based nanovaccine for efficient delivery of glycoconjugate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Prasanna
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela Calvino
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Annie Lambert
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Maria Arista Romero
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sylvia Pujals
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced
Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - François Trottein
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR
9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, Unité des Sciences Biologiques et
des Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR 6286, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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Le Guern R, Grandjean T, Stabler S, Bauduin M, Gosset P, Kipnis É, Dessein R. Gut colonisation with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae worsens Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:78. [PMID: 36604442 PMCID: PMC9816093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are spreading rapidly in hospital settings. Asymptomatic CPE gut colonisation may be associated with dysbiosis and gut-lung axis alterations, which could impact lung infection outcomes. In this study, in male C57BL/6JRj mice colonised by CPE, we characterise the resulting gut dysbiosis, and analyse the lung immune responses and outcomes of subsequent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Asymptomatic gut colonisation by CPE leads to a specific gut dysbiosis and increases the severity of P. aeruginosa lung infection through lower numbers of alveolar macrophages and conventional dendritic cells. CPE-associated dysbiosis is characterised by a near disappearance of the Muribaculaceae family and lower levels of short-chain fatty acids. Faecal microbiota transplantation restores immune responses and outcomes of lung infection outcomes, demonstrating the involvement of CPE colonisation-induced gut dysbiosis in altering the immune gut-lung axis, possibly mediated by microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Le Guern
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Teddy Grandjean
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Stabler
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marvin Bauduin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Éric Kipnis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rodrigue Dessein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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3
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Early Activation of iNKT Cells Increased Survival Time of BALB/c Mice in a Murine Model of Melioidosis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0026822. [PMID: 36374098 PMCID: PMC9753712 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. High interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in naive mice were reported to mediate protection against B. pseudomallei infection. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can produce and secrete several cytokines, including IFN-γ. When iNKT cell-knockout (KO) BALB/c mice were infected with B. pseudomallei, their survival time was significantly shorter than wild-type mice. Naive BALB/c mice pretreated intraperitoneally with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an iNKT cell activator, 24 h before infection demonstrated 62.5% survival at the early stage, with prolonged survival time compared to nonpretreated infected control mice (14 ± 1 days versus 6 ± 1 days, respectively). At 4 h after injection with α-GalCer, treated mice showed significantly higher levels of serum IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-12 than control mice. Interestingly, the IFN-γ levels in the α-GalCer-pretreated group were decreased at 4, 24, and 48 h after infection, while they were highly increased in the control group. At 24 h postinfection in the α-GalCer group, bacterial loads were significantly lower in blood (no growth and 1,780.00 ± 51.21, P < 0.0001), spleens (no growth and 34,300 ± 1,106.04, P < 0.0001), and livers (1,550 ± 68.72 and 13,400 ± 1,066.67, P < 0.0001) than in the control group, but not in the lungs (15,300 ± 761.10 and 1,320 ± 41.63, P < 0.0001), and almost all were negative at 48 h postinfection. This study for the first time shows that early activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer helps clearance of B. pseudomallei and prolongs mouse survival.
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Murray MP, Crosby CM, Marcovecchio P, Hartmann N, Chandra S, Zhao M, Khurana A, Zahner SP, Clausen BE, Coleman FT, Mizgerd JP, Mikulski Z, Kronenberg M. Stimulation of a subset of natural killer T cells by CD103 + DC is required for GM-CSF and protection from pneumococcal infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110209. [PMID: 35021099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-like T cells, including invariant natural killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and γδ T cells, are present in various barrier tissues, including the lung, where they carry out protective responses during infections. Here, we investigate their roles during pulmonary pneumococcal infection. Following infection, innate-like T cells rapidly increase in lung tissue, in part through recruitment, but T cell antigen receptor activation and cytokine production occur mostly in interleukin-17-producing NKT17 and γδ T cells. NKT17 cells are preferentially located within lung tissue prior to infection, as are CD103+ dendritic cells, which are important both for antigen presentation to NKT17 cells and γδ T cell activation. Whereas interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells are numerous, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is exclusive to NKT17 cells and is required for optimal protection. These studies demonstrate how particular cellular interactions and responses of functional subsets of innate-like T cells contribute to protection from pathogenic lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Paynich Murray
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine M Crosby
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nadine Hartmann
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shilpi Chandra
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Archana Khurana
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonja P Zahner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Fadie T Coleman
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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5
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Ceramide and Related Molecules in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115676. [PMID: 34073578 PMCID: PMC8197834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a lipid messenger at the heart of sphingolipid metabolism. In concert with its metabolizing enzymes, particularly sphingomyelinases, it has key roles in regulating the physical properties of biological membranes, including the formation of membrane microdomains. Thus, ceramide and its related molecules have been attributed significant roles in nearly all steps of the viral life cycle: they may serve directly as receptors or co-receptors for viral entry, form microdomains that cluster entry receptors and/or enable them to adopt the required conformation or regulate their cell surface expression. Sphingolipids can regulate all forms of viral uptake, often through sphingomyelinase activation, and mediate endosomal escape and intracellular trafficking. Ceramide can be key for the formation of viral replication sites. Sphingomyelinases often mediate the release of new virions from infected cells. Moreover, sphingolipids can contribute to viral-induced apoptosis and morbidity in viral diseases, as well as virus immune evasion. Alpha-galactosylceramide, in particular, also plays a significant role in immune modulation in response to viral infections. This review will discuss the roles of ceramide and its related molecules in the different steps of the viral life cycle. We will also discuss how novel strategies could exploit these for therapeutic benefit.
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6
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Sencio V, Barthelemy A, Tavares LP, Machado MG, Soulard D, Cuinat C, Queiroz-Junior CM, Noordine ML, Salomé-Desnoulez S, Deryuter L, Foligné B, Wahl C, Frisch B, Vieira AT, Paget C, Milligan G, Ulven T, Wolowczuk I, Faveeuw C, Le Goffic R, Thomas M, Ferreira S, Teixeira MM, Trottein F. Gut Dysbiosis during Influenza Contributes to Pulmonary Pneumococcal Superinfection through Altered Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2934-2947.e6. [PMID: 32130898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections often complicate viral respiratory infections. We hypothesize that perturbation of the gut microbiota during influenza A virus (IAV) infection might favor respiratory bacterial superinfection. Sublethal infection with influenza transiently alters the composition and fermentative activity of the gut microbiota in mice. These changes are attributed in part to reduced food consumption. Fecal transfer experiments demonstrate that the IAV-conditioned microbiota compromises lung defenses against pneumococcal infection. In mechanistic terms, reduced production of the predominant short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate affects the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages. Following treatment with acetate, mice colonized with the IAV-conditioned microbiota display reduced bacterial loads. In the context of influenza infection, acetate supplementation reduces, in a free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)-dependent manner, local and systemic bacterial loads. This translates into reduced lung pathology and improved survival rates of double-infected mice. Lastly, pharmacological activation of the SCFA receptor FFAR2 during influenza reduces bacterial superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Sencio
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Adeline Barthelemy
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina G Machado
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Cuinat
- Micalis Institute, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Marie-Louise Noordine
- Micalis Institute, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Salomé-Desnoulez
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deryuter
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Benoit Frisch
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Angelica T Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Christophe Paget
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Micalis Institute, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - François Trottein
- Université de Lille, U1019 UMR 9017, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), 59000 Lille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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Gan J, Mao XR, Zheng SJ, Li JF. Invariant natural killer T cells: Not to be ignored in liver disease. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:136-142. [PMID: 33421264 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an important immune organ. Hepatocellular injury can be caused by many factors, which further leads to chronic liver diseases by activating the immune system. Multiple immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NKs), natural killer T cells (NKTs), and γδT cells, accumulate and participate in the immune regulation of the liver. NKTs are an indispensable component of immune cells in the liver, and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are the main subpopulation of NKTs. iNKTs activated by glycolipid antigen presented on CD1d secrete a series of cytokines and also act on other immune cells through cell-to-cell contact. Studies on the relationship between iNKTs and liver immunity have provided clues to uncover the pathogenesis of liver diseases and develop a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao Rong Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Su Jun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Feng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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8
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Nemes E, Khader SA, Swanson RV, Hanekom WA. Targeting Unconventional Host Components for Vaccination-Induced Protection Against TB. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1452. [PMID: 32793199 PMCID: PMC7393005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is effective in preventing TB in young children but was developed without a basic understanding of human immunology. Most modern TB vaccine candidates have targeted CD4+ T cell responses, thought to be important for protection against TB disease, but not known to be sufficient or critical for protection. Advances in knowledge of host responses to TB afford opportunities for developing TB vaccines that target immune components not conventionally considered. Here, we describe the potential of targeting NK cells, innate immune training, B cells and antibodies, and Th17 cells in novel TB vaccine development. We also discuss attempts to target vaccine immunity specifically to the lung, the primary disease site in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosemary V Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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9
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Chen D, Zhao H, Gao X, Chen S, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Meng M. Subcutaneous administration of α-GalCer activates iNKT10 cells to promote M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates chronic inflammation of obese adipose tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105948. [PMID: 31629216 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of iNKT cells was investigated in chronic adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice after administration of α-GalCer in different pathways. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish the obese mouse model. The pathology of adipose tissue was observed by H&E staining. The rates of iNKT cells, macrophages and cell subsets in adipose tissue were detected by FCM. Cytokine levels in serum and adipose tissue lymphocyte-stimulated supernatants were assessed with the CBA kit. The expression levels of related transcription factor in adipose tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The proportions of iNKT cells, iNKT10 cells and M2 macrophages were decreased, while those of iNKT1 and M1 macrophages were increased in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. The expression levels of the related transcriptional proteins E4BP4 and Arg-1 were decreased while iNOS expression was increased in adipose tissue. Administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection resulted in increased rates of iNKT10 cells and M2 macrophages, and decreased amounts of M1 macrophages in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. The expression of E4BP4 and Arg-1 were up-regulated, but iNOS was down-regulated. Meanwhile, infiltration of inflammatory cells into adipose tissue was further reduced. CONCLUSION The imbalance between the proportions of iNKT1 and iNKT10 cells may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection in HFD-fed mice activates adipose tissue iNKT10 cells, which promote M2 macrophage polarization and improve chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shengde Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Centre Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ming Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China.
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10
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Chen D, Gao X, Wang J, Zhao H, Liu H, Chen S, Zhang J, Meng M. Activation of hepatic iNKT2 cells by α-GalCer ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105727. [PMID: 31284229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The existence of association between the subpopulation of iNKT cells with different functions and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been confirmed. To investigative the role of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we established a non-alcoholic fatty liver model by feeding C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet and injecting α-GalCer through different routes to activate hepatic iNKT cells. The liver of the mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) had severe hepatic steatosis appearance, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, and high serum levels of TC, LDL, HDL, and ALT. Our results showed that the percentage of iNKT cells in the liver of the HFD-fed mice was lower than that of the control mice. The expression levels of the related transcription factor of T-bet increased but that of GATA-3 decreased in the HFD-fed mice. The administration of α-GalCer by intraperitoneal injection resulted in increasing of hepatic iNKT and iNKT2 cells but decreasing of hepatic iNKT1 cells, and the expression of GATA-3 and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) was increased in the liver, and hepatic steatosis was ameliorated in the HFD-fed mice. The administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection resulted in a decrease in hepatic iNKT and iNKT2 and an augmentation of hepatic iNKT1 cells. However, hepatic steatosis was not significantly improved. We concluded that the intraperitoneal injection with α-GalCer effectively improved hepatic steatosis, according to increasing the number of hepatic iNKT2 cells. The precise mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Shengde Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ming Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China.
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11
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Paget C, Trottein F. Mechanisms of Bacterial Superinfection Post-influenza: A Role for Unconventional T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 30881357 PMCID: PMC6405625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread application of vaccination programs and antiviral drug treatments, influenza viruses are still among the most harmful human pathogens. Indeed, influenza results in significant seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, severe bacterial infections can occur in the aftermath of influenza virus infection, and contribute substantially to the excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. Here, we review the main features of influenza viruses and current knowledge about the mechanical and immune mechanisms that underlie post-influenza secondary bacterial infections. We present the emerging literature describing the role of "innate-like" unconventional T cells in post-influenza bacterial superinfection. Unconventional T cell populations span the border between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and are prevalent in mucosal tissues (including the airways). They mainly comprise Natural Killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells. We provide an overview of the principal functions that these cells play in pulmonary barrier functions and immunity, highlighting their unique ability to sense environmental factors and promote protection against respiratory bacterial infections. We focus on two major opportunistic pathogens involved in superinfections, namely Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. We discuss mechanisms through which influenza viruses alter the antibacterial activity of unconventional T cells. Lastly, we discuss recent fundamental advances and possible therapeutic approaches in which unconventional T cells would be targeted to prevent post-influenza bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100, Tours, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - François Trottein
- U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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12
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Bouras M, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A. Contribution of Dendritic Cell Responses to Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression and to Susceptibility to Secondary Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2590. [PMID: 30483258 PMCID: PMC6243084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow derived cells which continuously seed in peripheral tissue. During infection, DCs play an essential interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Pneumonia is a lung inflammation triggered by pathogens and is characterized by excessive release of inflammatory cytokines that activate innate and acquired immunity. Pneumonia induces a rapid and protracted state of susceptibility to secondary infection, a state so-called sepsis-induced immunosuppression. In this review, we focus on the role of DCs in the development of this state of immunosuppression. Early during inflammation, activated DCs are characterized by decreased capacity of antigen (cross)- presentation of newly encountered antigens and decreased production of immunogenic cytokines, and sepsis-induced immunosuppression is mainly explained by a depletion of immature DCs which had all become mature. At a later stage, newly formed respiratory immature DCs are locally programmed by an immunological scare left-over by inflammation to induce tolerance. Tolerogenic Blimp1+ DCs produce suppressive cytokines such as tumor growth factor-B and participate to the maintenance of a local tolerogenic environment notably characterized by accumulation of Treg cells. In mice, the restoration of the immunogenic functions of DCs restores the mucosal immune response to pathogens. In humans, the modulation of inflammation by glucocorticoid during sepsis or trauma preserves DC immunogenic functions and is associated with resistance to secondary pneumonia. Finally, we propose that the alterations of DCs during and after inflammation can be used as biomarkers of susceptibility to secondary pneumonia and are promising therapeutic targets to enhance outcomes of patients with secondary pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Bouras
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.,EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Medical University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.,EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Medical University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hotel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.,EA3826 Thérapeutiques Anti-Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 Nantes Biotech, Medical University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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13
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Beshara R, Sencio V, Soulard D, Barthélémy A, Fontaine J, Pinteau T, Deruyter L, Ismail MB, Paget C, Sirard JC, Trottein F, Faveeuw C. Alteration of Flt3-Ligand-dependent de novo generation of conventional dendritic cells during influenza infection contributes to respiratory bacterial superinfection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007360. [PMID: 30372491 PMCID: PMC6224179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections contribute to the excess morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Disruption of lung integrity and impaired antibacterial immunity during IAV infection participate in colonization and dissemination of the bacteria out of the lungs. One key feature of IAV infection is the profound alteration of lung myeloid cells, characterized by the recruitment of deleterious inflammatory monocytes. We herein report that IAV infection causes a transient decrease of lung conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) (both cDC1 and cDC2) peaking at day 7 post-infection. While triggering emergency monopoiesis, IAV transiently altered the differentiation of cDCs in the bone marrow, the cDC1-biaised pre-DCs being particularly affected. The impaired cDC differentiation during IAV infection was independent of type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-γ, TNFα and IL-6 and was not due to an intrinsic dysfunction of cDC precursors. The alteration of cDC differentiation was associated with a drop of local and systemic production of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L), a critical cDC differentiation factor. Overexpression of Flt3-L during IAV infection boosted the cDC progenitors' production in the BM, replenished cDCs in the lungs, decreased inflammatory monocytes' infiltration and lowered lung damages. This was associated with partial protection against secondary pneumococcal infection, as reflected by reduced bacterial dissemination and prolonged survival. These findings highlight the impact of distal viral infection on cDC genesis in the BM and suggest that Flt3-L may have potential applications in the control of secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranin Beshara
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Barthélémy
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Josette Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thibault Pinteau
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mohamad Bachar Ismail
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Christophe Paget
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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14
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Trottein F, Paget C. Natural Killer T Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Lung Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1750. [PMID: 30116242 PMCID: PMC6082944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has been traditionally divided into two arms called innate and adaptive immunity. Typically, innate immunity refers to rapid defense mechanisms that set in motion within minutes to hours following an insult. Conversely, the adaptive immune response emerges after several days and relies on the innate immune response for its initiation and subsequent outcome. However, the recent discovery of immune cells displaying merged properties indicates that this distinction is not mutually exclusive. These populations that span the innate-adaptive border of immunity comprise, among others, CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells and MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T cells. These cells have the unique ability to swiftly activate in response to non-peptidic antigens through their T cell receptor and/or to activating cytokines in order to modulate many aspects of the immune response. Despite they recirculate all through the body via the bloodstream, these cells mainly establish residency at barrier sites including lungs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge into the biology of these cells during lung (viral and bacterial) infections including activation mechanisms and functions. We also discuss future strategies targeting these cell types to optimize immune responses against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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15
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Roquilly A, Trottein F. [Influenza and secondary bacterial infections: threats and treatments]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:528-533. [PMID: 28612729 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173305017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection ("flu") constitutes an important public health issue and is associated with a significant socio-economic burden. The discovery of new antivirals and a better understanding of antiviral immunity might offer new options for preventing or controlling flu infections. A better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism might also prompt the discovery of key molecules whose activity could be modulated in a clinical setting. Lastly, the development of new immunomodulators and immunostimulants might compensate for impaired host defense mechanisms and improve resistance to secondary bacterial infections, since the latter significantly worsen the clinical status of influenza-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roquilly
- Thérapeutiques anti-infectieuses, EA3826, Université de Nantes, rue Gaston Veil, F44100 Nantes, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
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16
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Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-17F, play
important protective roles in host immune response to a variety of infections
such as bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral. The IL-17R signaling and
downstream pathways mediate induction of proinflammatory molecules which
participate in control of these pathogens. However, the production of IL-17 can
also mediate pathology and inflammation associated with infections. In this
review, we will discuss the yin-and-yang roles of IL-17 in host immunity to
pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shabaana Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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