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Man KY, Chan CO, Wan SW, Kwok KWH, Capozzi F, Dong NP, Wong KH, Mok DKW. Untargeted foodomics for authenticating the organic farming of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Food Chem 2024; 453:139545. [PMID: 38772304 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the primary and secondary metabolites of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC-Orbitrap-HRMS). Certified samples from two cultivars, Green stem water spinach (G) and White stem water spinach (W) cultivated using organic and conventional farming methods, were collected from the Hong Kong market. Multivariate analysis was used to differentiate water spinach of different cultivars and farming methods. We identified 12 metabolites to distinguish between G and W, 26 metabolites to identify G from organic farming and 8 metabolites to identify W from organic farming. Then, two metabolites, isorhamnetin and jasmonic acid, have been proposed to serve as biomarkers for organic farming (in both G and W). Our foodomics findings provide useful tools for improving the crop performance of water spinach under abiotic/biotic stressesand authentication of organic produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yi Man
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siu-Wai Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin Wing Hin Kwok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - Nai-Ping Dong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Roychowdhury R, Mishra S, Anand G, Dalal D, Gupta R, Kumar A, Gupta R. Decoding the molecular mechanism underlying salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant immunity: an integrated overview from its biosynthesis to the mode of action. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14399. [PMID: 38894599 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone, well-known for its regulatory role in shaping plant immune responses. In recent years, significant progress has been made in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying SA biosynthesis, perception, and downstream signalling cascades. Through the concerted efforts employing genetic, biochemical, and omics approaches, our understanding of SA-mediated defence responses has undergone remarkable expansion. In general, following SA biosynthesis through Avr effectors of the pathogens, newly synthesized SA undergoes various biochemical changes to achieve its active/inactive forms (e.g. methyl salicylate). The activated SA subsequently triggers signalling pathways associated with the perception of pathogen-derived signals, expression of defence genes, and induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to tailor the intricate regulatory networks that coordinate plant immune responses. Nonetheless, the mechanistic understanding of SA-mediated plant immune regulation is currently limited because of its crosstalk with other signalling networks, which makes understanding this hormone signalling more challenging. This comprehensive review aims to provide an integrated overview of SA-mediated plant immunity, deriving current knowledge from diverse research outcomes. Through the integration of case studies, experimental evidence, and emerging trends, this review offers insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing SA-mediated immunity and signalling. Additionally, this review discusses the potential applications of SA-mediated defence strategies in crop improvement, disease management, and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Sapna Mishra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Debalika Dalal
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati Central University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) - Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li K, Ma C, Zhou X, Xiong C, Wang B, Wang Y, Liu F. Regulatory Effects of Diverse DSF Family Quorum-Sensing Signals in Plant-Associated Bacteria. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:6-14. [PMID: 37880815 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0074-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous bacterial species employ diffusible signal factor (DSF)-based quorum sensing (QS) as a widely conserved cell-cell signaling communication system to collectively regulate various behaviors crucial for responding to environmental changes. cis-11-Methyl-dodecenoic acid, known as DSF, was first identified as a signaling molecule in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Subsequently, many structurally related molecules have been identified in different bacterial species. This review aims to provide an overview of current understanding regarding the biosynthesis and regulatory role of DSF signals in both pathogenic bacteria and a biocontrol bacterium. Recent studies have revealed that the DSF-based QS system regulates antimicrobial factor production in a cyclic dimeric GMP-independent manner in the biocontrol bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes. Additionally, the DSF family signals have been found to be involved in suppressing plant innate immunity. The discovery of these diverse signaling mechanisms holds significant promise for developing novel strategies to combat stubborn plant pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihuai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaoyun Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunlan Xiong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhao Q, Liu F, Song C, Zhai T, He Z, Ma L, Zhao X, Jia Z, Song S. Diffusible signal factor primes plant immunity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ( Xcc) via JA signaling in Arabidopsis and Brassica oleracea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1203582. [PMID: 37404719 PMCID: PMC10315614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1203582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many Gram-negative bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules to monitor their local population density and to coordinate their collective behaviors. The diffusible signal factor (DSF) family represents an intriguing type of QS signal to mediate intraspecies and interspecies communication. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates the role of DSF in mediating inter-kingdom communication between DSF-producing bacteria and plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of DSF during the Xanthomonas-plant interactions remain unclear. Methods Plants were pretreated with different concentration of DSF and subsequent inoculated with pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Pathogenicity, phynotypic analysis, transcriptome combined with metabolome analysis, genetic analysis and gene expression analysis were used to evaluate the priming effects of DSF on plant disease resistance. Results We found that the low concentration of DSF could prime plant immunity against Xcc in both Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana. Pretreatment with DSF and subsequent pathogen invasion triggered an augmented burst of ROS by DCFH-DA and DAB staining. CAT application could attenuate the level of ROS induced by DSF. The expression of RBOHD and RBOHF were up-regulated and the activities of antioxidases POD increased after DSF treatment followed by Xcc inoculation. Transcriptome combined with metabolome analysis showed that plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) signaling involved in DSF-primed resistance to Xcc in Arabidopsis. The expression of JA synthesis genes (AOC2, AOS, LOX2, OPR3 and JAR1), transportor gene (JAT1), regulator genes (JAZ1 and MYC2) and responsive genes (VSP2, PDF1.2 and Thi2.1) were up-regulated significantly by DSF upon Xcc challenge. The primed effects were not observed in JA relevant mutant coi1-1 and jar1-1. Conclusion These results indicated that DSF-primed resistance against Xcc was dependent on the JA pathway. Our findings advanced the understanding of QS signal-mediated communication and provide a new strategy for the control of black rot in Brassica oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Zhai
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziwei He
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Limei Ma
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhao
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuishan Song
- Biology Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Microbiological Control on Main Crop Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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Dutta K, Shityakov S, Maruyama F. DSF inactivator RpfB homologous FadD upregulated in Bradyrhizobium japonicum under iron limiting conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8701. [PMID: 37248242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot and other plant diseases. Xcc senses diffusible signal factor (DSF) as a quorum-sensing (QS) signal that mediates mainly iron uptake and virulence. RpfB deactivates DSF in this DSF-QS circuit. We examined differential gene expression profiles of Bradyrhizobium japonicum under low versus high iron conditions and found that fadD and irr were upregulated under low iron (log2 fold change 0.825 and 1.716, respectively). In addition to having similar protein folding patterns and functional domain similarities, FadD shared 58% sequence similarity with RpfB of Xcc. The RpfB-DSF and FadD-DSF complexes had SWISSDock molecular docking scores of - 8.88 kcal/mol and - 9.85 kcal/mol, respectively, and the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation results were in accord with the docking results. However, significant differences were found between the binding energies of FadD-DSF and RpfB-DSF, indicating possible FadD-dependent DSF turnover. The protein-protein interaction network showed that FadD connected indirectly with ABC transporter permease (ABCtp), which was also upregulated (log2 fold change 5.485). We speculate that the low iron condition may be a mimetic environmental stimulus for fadD upregulation in B. japonicum to deactivate DSF, inhibit iron uptake and virulence of DSF-producing neighbors. This finding provides a new option of using B. japonicum or a genetically improved B. japonicum as a potential biocontrol agent against Xcc, with the added benefit of plant growth-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dutta
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
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Yu YH, Chen C, Ma JR, Zhang YY, Yan MF, Zhang WB, Hu Z, Wang HH, Ma JC. The FabA-FabB Pathway Is Not Essential for Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis but Modulates Diffusible Signal Factor Synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:119-130. [PMID: 36515967 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0182-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most bacteria use type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) systems for synthesizing fatty acids, of which the conserved FabA-FabB pathway is considered to be crucial for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis in gram-negative bacteria. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the phytopathogen of black rot disease in crucifers, produces higher quantities of UFAs under low-temperature conditions for increasing membrane fluidity. The fabA and fabB genes were identified in the X. campestris pv. campestris genome by BLAST analysis; however, the growth of the X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB deletion mutants was comparable to that of the wild-type strain in nutrient and minimal media. The X. campestris pv. campestris ΔfabA and ΔfabB strains produced large quantities of UFAs and, altogether, these results indicated that the FabA-FabB pathway is not essential for growth or UFA synthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris. We also observed that the expression of X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB restored the growth of the temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli fabA and fabB mutants CL104 and CY242, respectively, under non-permissive conditions. The in-vitro assays demonstrated that the FabA and FabB proteins of X. campestris pv. campestris catalyzed FAS. Our study also demonstrated that the production of diffusible signal factor family signals that mediate quorum sensing was higher in the X. campestris pv. campestris ΔfabA and ΔfabB strains and greatly reduced in the complementary strains, which exhibited reduced swimming motility and attenuated host-plant pathogenicity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Yu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jian-Rong Ma
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Yuan-Yin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ming-Feng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Raghavendra AS, Ye W, Kinoshita T. Editorial: pH as a signal and secondary messenger in plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1148689. [PMID: 36798702 PMCID: PMC9928177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1148689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Deparment of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Feng YM, Long ZQ, Xiang HM, Ran JN, Zhou X, Yang S. Research on Diffusible Signal Factor-Mediated Quorum Sensing in Xanthomonas: A Mini-Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020876. [PMID: 36677934 PMCID: PMC9864630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas spp. are important plant pathogens that seriously endanger crop yields and food security. RpfF is a key enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of diffusible signal factor (DSF) signals and predominates in the signaling pathway regulating quorum sensing (QS) in Xanthomonas. Currently, novel RpfF enzyme-based quorum sensing agents have been proposed as a promising strategy for the development of new pesticides. However, few reports are available that comprehensively summarize the progress in this field. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in DSF-mediated QS and recently reported inhibitors that are proposed as bactericide candidates to target the RpfF enzyme and control plant bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhou-Qing Long
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Jun-Ning Ran
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: or (X.Z.); or (S.Y.)
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: or (X.Z.); or (S.Y.)
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Xu M, Wang K, Li J, Tan Z, Godana EA, Zhang H. Proteomic Analysis of Apple Response to Penicillium expansum Infection Based on Label-Free and Parallel Reaction Monitoring Techniques. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121273. [PMID: 36547606 PMCID: PMC9780870 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum, is the most destructive fungal disease of apples and causes great losses during the post-harvest storage of the fruit. Although some apple cultivars are resistant to P. expansum, there has been little information on the molecular mechanism of resistance. In this study, differential proteomic analysis was performed on apple samples infected and uninfected with P. expansum. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology was used to target and verify the expression of candidate proteins. The label-free technique identified 343 differentially expressed proteins, which were mainly associated with defense responses, metal ion binding, stress responses, and oxidative phosphorylation. The differential expression of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and scavenging, the activation of defense-related metabolic pathways, and the further production of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins) during P. expansum infection in apples, and direct resistance to pathogen invasion were determined. This study reveals the mechanisms of apple response at the proteomic level with 9 h of P. expansum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Li
- Analysis & Testing Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhuqing Tan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-511-88790211; Fax: +86-511-88780201
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Sun Q, Xu Z, Huang W, Li D, Zeng Q, Chen L, Li B, Zhang E. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals salicylic acid and flavonoid pathways' key roles in cabbage's defense responses to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005764. [PMID: 36388482 PMCID: PMC9659849 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a vascular bacteria pathogen causing black rot in cabbage. Here, the resistance mechanisms of cabbage against Xcc infection were explored by integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis. Pathogen perception, hormone metabolisms, sugar metabolisms, and phenylpropanoid metabolisms in cabbage were systemically re-programmed at both transcriptional and metabolic levels after Xcc infection. Notably, the salicylic acid (SA) metabolism pathway was highly enriched in resistant lines following Xcc infection, indicating that the SA metabolism pathway may positively regulate the resistance of Xcc. Moreover, we also validated our hypothesis by showing that the flavonoid pathway metabolites chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid could effectively inhibit the growth of Xcc. These findings provide valuable insights and resource datasets for further exploring Xcc-cabbage interactions and help uncover molecular breeding targets for black rot-resistant varieties in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baohua Li
- *Correspondence: Baohua Li, ; Enhui Zhang,
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