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Bailey JK, Ma D, Clegg DO. Initial Characterization of WDR5B Reveals a Role in the Proliferation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1189. [PMID: 39056772 PMCID: PMC11275010 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-associated protein WDR5 has been widely studied due to its role in histone modification and its potential as a pharmacological target for the treatment of cancer. In humans, the protein with highest sequence homology to WDR5 is encoded by the retrogene WDR5B, which remains unexplored. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate WDR5B knockout and WDR5B-FLAG knock-in cell lines for further characterization. In contrast to WDR5, WDR5B exhibits low expression in pluripotent cells and is upregulated upon neural differentiation. Loss or shRNA depletion of WDR5B impairs cell growth and increases the fraction of non-viable cells in proliferating retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cultures. CUT&RUN chromatin profiling in RPE and neural progenitors indicates minimal WDR5B enrichment at established WDR5 binding sites. These results suggest that WDR5 and WDR5B exhibit several divergent biological properties despite sharing a high degree of sequence homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K. Bailey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dzwokai Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dennis O. Clegg
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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2
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Hudac CM, Friedman NR, Ward VR, Estreicher RE, Dorsey GC, Bernier RA, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Earl RK, Eichler EE, Neuhaus E. Characterizing Sensory Phenotypes of Subgroups with a Known Genetic Etiology Pertaining to Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2386-2401. [PMID: 37031308 PMCID: PMC10083138 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify unique constellations of sensory phenotypes for genetic etiologies associated with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Caregivers reported on sensory behaviors via the Sensory Profile for 290 participants (younger than 25 years of age) with ASD and/or ID diagnoses, of which ~ 70% have a known pathogenic genetic etiology. Caregivers endorsed poor registration (i.e., high sensory threshold, passive behaviors) for all genetic subgroups relative to an "idiopathic" comparison group with an ASD diagnosis and without a known genetic etiology. Genetic profiles indicated prominent sensory seeking in ADNP, CHD8, and DYRK1A, prominent sensory sensitivities in SCN2A, and fewer sensation avoidance behaviors in GRIN2B (relative to the idiopathic ASD comparison group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
- Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Nicole R Friedman
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Victoria R Ward
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Rachel E Estreicher
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Grace C Dorsey
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rachel K Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Sorrentino U, Boesch S, Doummar D, Ravelli C, Serranova T, Indelicato E, Winkelmann J, Burglen L, Jech R, Zech M. CHD8-related disorders redefined: an expanding spectrum of dystonic phenotypes. J Neurol 2024; 271:2859-2865. [PMID: 38441608 PMCID: PMC11055771 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in CHD8 have been associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental-disease spectrum, collectively referred to as CHD8-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Several different clinical manifestations, affecting neurodevelopmental and systemic domains, have been described, presenting with highly variable expressivity. Some expressions are well established and comprise autism spectrum disorders, psychomotor delay with cognitive impairment, postnatal overgrowth with macrocephaly, structural brain abnormalities, gastrointestinal disturbances, and behavioral and sleep-pattern problems. However, the complete phenotypic spectrum of CHD8-related disorders is still undefined. In 2021, our group described two singular female patients with CHD8-related neurodevelopmental disorder and striking dystonic manifestations, prompting the suggestion that dystonia should be considered a possible component of this condition. CASE SERIES PRESENTATION We describe three additional unrelated female individuals, each carrying a different CHD8 frameshift variant and whose clinical presentations were primarily characterized by young-onset dystonia. Their dystonic manifestations were remarkably heterogeneous and ranged from focal, exercise-dependent, apparently isolated forms to generalized permanent phenotypes accompanied by spasticity and tremor. Neurocognitive impairment and autistic behaviors, typical of CHD8-related disorders, were virtually absent or at the mild end of the spectrum. CONCLUSIONS This work validates our previous observation that dystonia is part of the phenotypic spectrum of CHD8-related neurodevelopmental disorders with potential female preponderance, raising new challenges and opportunities in the diagnosis and management of this condition. It also highlights the importance of in-depth neurologic phenotyping of patients carrying variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, as the connection between neurodevelopmental and movement disorders is proving closer than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Sorrentino
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Diane Doummar
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie-Pathologie du Développement, Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Hôpital Trousseau AP-HP.SU, HU I2D2, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Ravelli
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie-Pathologie du Développement, Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Hôpital Trousseau AP-HP.SU, HU I2D2, Paris, France
| | - Tereza Serranova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 30, 12 800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZPG, Deutsches Zentrum Für Psychische Gesundheit, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases Reference Center and Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Genetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 30, 12 800, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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4
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Hendricks EL, Liebl FLW. The CHD family chromatin remodeling enzyme, Kismet, promotes both clathrin-mediated and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300255. [PMID: 38512854 PMCID: PMC10956772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA binding domain (CHD) proteins, including CHD7 and CHD8, remodel chromatin to enable transcriptional programs. Both proteins are important for proper neural development as heterozygous mutations in Chd7 and Chd8 are causative for CHARGE syndrome and correlated with autism spectrum disorders, respectively. Their roles in mature neurons are poorly understood despite influencing the expression of genes required for cell adhesion, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. The Drosophila homolog of CHD7 and CHD8, Kismet (Kis), promotes neurotransmission, endocytosis, and larval locomotion. Endocytosis is essential in neurons for replenishing synaptic vesicles, maintaining protein localization, and preserving the size and composition of the presynaptic membrane. Several forms of endocytosis have been identified including clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is coupled with neural activity and is the most prevalent form of synaptic endocytosis, and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis, which occurs during periods of intense stimulation. Kis modulates the expression of gene products involved in endocytosis including promoting shaggy/GSK3β expression while restricting PI3K92E. kis mutants electrophysiologically phenocopy a liquid facets mutant in response to paradigms that induce clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. Further, kis mutants do not show further reductions in endocytosis when activity-dependent bulk endocytosis or clathrin-mediated endocytosis are pharmacologically inhibited. We find that Kis is important in postsynaptic muscle for proper endocytosis but the ATPase domain of Kis is dispensable for endocytosis. Collectively, our data indicate that Kis promotes both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis possibly by promoting transcription of several endocytic genes and maintaining the size of the synaptic vesicle pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Hendricks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Faith L. W. Liebl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, United States of America
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5
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Shiraishi T, Katayama Y, Nishiyama M, Shoji H, Miyakawa T, Mizoo T, Matsumoto A, Hijikata A, Shirai T, Mayanagi K, Nakayama KI. The complex etiology of autism spectrum disorder due to missense mutations of CHD8. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02491-y. [PMID: 38438524 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
CHD8 is an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although many studies have examined the consequences of CHD8 haploinsufficiency in cells and mice, few have focused on missense mutations, the most common type of CHD8 alteration in ASD patients. We here characterized CHD8 missense mutations in ASD patients according to six prediction scores and experimentally examined the effects of such mutations on the biochemical activities of CHD8, neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and mouse behavior. Only mutations with high prediction scores gave rise to ASD-like phenotypes in mice, suggesting that not all CHD8 missense mutations detected in ASD patients are directly responsible for the development of ASD. Furthermore, we found that mutations with high scores cause ASD by mechanisms either dependent on or independent of loss of chromatin-remodeling function. Our results thus provide insight into the molecular underpinnings of ASD pathogenesis caused by missense mutations of CHD8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Shiraishi
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mizoo
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hijikata
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shirai
- Department of Computer Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-Cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kouta Mayanagi
- Department of Drug Discovery Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Anticancer Strategies Laboratory, TMDU Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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6
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Basson MA. Neurodevelopmental functions of CHD8: new insights and questions. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:15-27. [PMID: 38288845 PMCID: PMC10903457 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous, de novo, loss-of-function variants of the CHD8 gene are associated with a high penetrance of autism and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Identifying the neurodevelopmental functions of high-confidence autism risk genes like CHD8 may improve our understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanisms that underlie autism spectrum disorders. Over the last decade, a complex picture of pleiotropic CHD8 functions and mechanisms of action has emerged. Multiple brain and non-brain cell types and progenitors appear to be affected by CHD8 haploinsufficiency. Behavioural, cellular and synaptic phenotypes are dependent on the nature of the gene mutation and are modified by sex and genetic background. Here, I review some of the CHD8-interacting proteins and molecular mechanisms identified to date, as well as the impacts of CHD8 deficiency on cellular processes relevant to neurodevelopment. I endeavour to highlight some of the critical questions that still require careful and concerted attention over the next decade to bring us closer to the goal of understanding the salient mechanisms whereby CHD8 deficiency causes neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Albert Basson
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, U.K
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
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7
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Modahl CM, Han SX, van Thiel J, Vaz C, Dunstan NL, Frietze S, Jackson TNW, Mackessy SP, Kini RM. Distinct regulatory networks control toxin gene expression in elapid and viperid snakes. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:186. [PMID: 38365592 PMCID: PMC10874052 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venom systems are ideal models to study genetic regulatory mechanisms that underpin evolutionary novelty. Snake venom glands are thought to share a common origin, but there are major distinctions between venom toxins from the medically significant snake families Elapidae and Viperidae, and toxin gene regulatory investigations in elapid snakes have been limited. Here, we used high-throughput RNA-sequencing to profile gene expression and microRNAs between active (milked) and resting (unmilked) venom glands in an elapid (Eastern Brown Snake, Pseudonaja textilis), in addition to comparative genomics, to identify cis- and trans-acting regulation of venom production in an elapid in comparison to viperids (Crotalus viridis and C. tigris). RESULTS Although there is conservation in high-level mechanistic pathways regulating venom production (unfolded protein response, Notch signaling and cholesterol homeostasis), there are differences in the regulation of histone methylation enzymes, transcription factors, and microRNAs in venom glands from these two snake families. Histone methyltransferases and transcription factor (TF) specificity protein 1 (Sp1) were highly upregulated in the milked elapid venom gland in comparison to the viperids, whereas nuclear factor I (NFI) TFs were upregulated after viperid venom milking. Sp1 and NFI cis-regulatory elements were common to toxin gene promoter regions, but many unique elements were also present between elapid and viperid toxins. The presence of Sp1 binding sites across multiple elapid toxin gene promoter regions that have been experimentally determined to regulate expression, in addition to upregulation of Sp1 after venom milking, suggests this transcription factor is involved in elapid toxin expression. microRNA profiles were distinctive between milked and unmilked venom glands for both snake families, and microRNAs were predicted to target a diversity of toxin transcripts in the elapid P. textilis venom gland, but only snake venom metalloproteinase transcripts in the viperid C. viridis venom gland. These results suggest differences in toxin gene posttranscriptional regulation between the elapid P. textilis and viperid C. viridis. CONCLUSIONS Our comparative transcriptomic and genomic analyses between toxin genes and isoforms in elapid and viperid snakes suggests independent toxin regulation between these two snake families, demonstrating multiple different regulatory mechanisms underpin a venomous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Modahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K..
| | - Summer Xia Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Fulcrum Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - Jory van Thiel
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Candida Vaz
- Human Development, Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, U.S.A
| | - Timothy N W Jackson
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen P Mackessy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, U.S.A
| | - R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, U.S.A..
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8
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Lui JC, Baron J. Epigenetic Causes of Overgrowth Syndromes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:312-320. [PMID: 37450557 PMCID: PMC11032252 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Human overgrowth disorders are characterized by excessive prenatal and/or postnatal growth of various tissues. These disorders often present with tall stature, macrocephaly, and/or abdominal organomegaly and are sometimes associated with additional phenotypic abnormalities such as intellectual disability and increased cancer risk. As the genetic etiology of these disorders have been elucidated, a surprising pattern has emerged. Multiple monogenic overgrowth syndromes result from variants in epigenetic regulators: variants in histone methyltransferases NSD1 and EZH2 cause Sotos syndrome and Weaver syndrome, respectively, variants in DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A cause Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome, and variants in chromatin remodeler CHD8 cause an autism spectrum disorder with overgrowth. In addition, very recently, a variant in histone reader protein SPIN4 was identified in a new X-linked overgrowth disorder. In this review, we discuss the genetics of these overgrowth disorders and explore possible common underlying mechanisms by which epigenetic pathways regulate human body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Zarate-Lopez D, Torres-Chávez AL, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Perez O. Three Decades of Valproate: A Current Model for Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:260-289. [PMID: 37873949 PMCID: PMC10788883 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231003121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increased prevalence and incidence in recent decades. Its etiology remains largely unclear, but it seems to involve a strong genetic component and environmental factors that, in turn, induce epigenetic changes during embryonic and postnatal brain development. In recent decades, clinical studies have shown that inutero exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of ASD. Subsequently, prenatal VPA exposure in rodents has been established as a reliable translational model to study the pathophysiology of ASD, which has helped demonstrate neurobiological changes in rodents, non-human primates, and brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. This evidence supports the notion that prenatal VPA exposure is a valid and current model to replicate an idiopathic ASD-like disorder in experimental animals. This review summarizes and describes the current features reported with this animal model of autism and the main neurobiological findings and correlates that help elucidate the pathophysiology of ASD. Finally, we discuss the general framework of the VPA model in comparison to other environmental and genetic ASD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zarate-Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Torres-Chávez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Alma Yadira Gálvez-Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, México
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
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10
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Shi X, Lu C, Corman A, Nikish A, Zhou Y, Platt RJ, Iossifov I, Zhang F, Pan JQ, Sanjana NE. Heterozygous deletion of the autism-associated gene CHD8 impairs synaptic function through widespread changes in gene expression and chromatin compaction. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1750-1768. [PMID: 37802044 PMCID: PMC10577079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands and unaffected family members has identified many genes harboring de novo variants suspected to play a causal role in the disorder. Of these, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) is the most recurrently mutated. Despite the prevalence of CHD8 mutations, we have little insight into how CHD8 loss affects genome organization or the functional consequences of these molecular alterations in neurons. Here, we engineered two isogenic human embryonic stem cell lines with CHD8 loss-of-function mutations and characterized differences in differentiated human cortical neurons. We identified hundreds of genes with altered expression, including many involved in neural development and excitatory synaptic transmission. Field recordings and single-cell electrophysiology revealed a 3-fold decrease in firing rates and synaptic activity in CHD8+/- neurons, as well as a similar firing-rate deficit in primary cortical neurons from Chd8+/- mice. These alterations in neuron and synapse function can be reversed by CHD8 overexpression. Moreover, CHD8+/- neurons displayed a large increase in open chromatin across the genome, where the greatest change in compaction was near autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2), which encodes a transcriptional regulator implicated in ASD. Genes with changes in chromatin accessibility and expression in CHD8+/- neurons have significant overlap with genes mutated in probands for ASD, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia but not with genes mutated in healthy controls or other disease cohorts. Overall, this study characterizes key molecular alterations in genome structure and expression in CHD8+/- neurons and links these changes to impaired neuronal and synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Congyi Lu
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alba Corman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Nikish
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Randy J Platt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Iossifov
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jen Q Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Wang X, Tang R, Wei Z, Zhan Y, Lu J, Li Z. The enteric nervous system deficits in autism spectrum disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1101071. [PMID: 37694110 PMCID: PMC10484716 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are common comorbidities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and abnormalities in these issues have been found to be closely related to the severity of core behavioral deficits in autism. The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of gut functions, including gastrointestinal motility. Dysfunctional wiring in the ENS not only results in various gastrointestinal issues, but also correlates with an increasing number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ASD. However, it remains unclear whether the gastrointestinal dysfunctions are a consequence of ASD or if they directly contribute to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the deficits in the ENS associated with ASD, and highlights several high-risk genes for ASD, which are expressed widely in the gut and implicated in gastrointestinal dysfunction among both animal models and human patients with ASD. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of environmental factors associated with gastrointestinal tract in individuals with autism. This could offer fresh perspectives on our understanding of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Science, USTC Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ruijin Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Lathakumari S, Seenipandian S, Balakrishnan S, Raj APMS, Sugiyama H, Namasivayam GP, Sivasubramaniam S. Identification of genes responsible for the social skill in the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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13
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Ohno K, Ohkawara B, Shen XM, Selcen D, Engel AG. Clinical and Pathologic Features of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes Caused by 35 Genes-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043730. [PMID: 36835142 PMCID: PMC9961056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired neuromuscular signal transmission due to germline pathogenic variants in genes expressed at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). A total of 35 genes have been reported in CMS (AGRN, ALG14, ALG2, CHAT, CHD8, CHRNA1, CHRNB1, CHRND, CHRNE, CHRNG, COL13A1, COLQ, DOK7, DPAGT1, GFPT1, GMPPB, LAMA5, LAMB2, LRP4, MUSK, MYO9A, PLEC, PREPL, PURA, RAPSN, RPH3A, SCN4A, SLC18A3, SLC25A1, SLC5A7, SNAP25, SYT2, TOR1AIP1, UNC13A, VAMP1). The 35 genes can be classified into 14 groups according to the pathomechanical, clinical, and therapeutic features of CMS patients. Measurement of compound muscle action potentials elicited by repetitive nerve stimulation is required to diagnose CMS. Clinical and electrophysiological features are not sufficient to identify a defective molecule, and genetic studies are always required for accurate diagnosis. From a pharmacological point of view, cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in most groups of CMS, but are contraindicated in some groups of CMS. Similarly, ephedrine, salbutamol (albuterol), amifampridine are effective in most but not all groups of CMS. This review extensively covers pathomechanical and clinical features of CMS by citing 442 relevant articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Xin-Ming Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Duygu Selcen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew G. Engel
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (A.G.E.)
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14
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Chohra I, Chung K, Giri S, Malgrange B. ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodellers in Inner Ear Development. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040532. [PMID: 36831199 PMCID: PMC9954591 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During transcription, DNA replication and repair, chromatin structure is constantly modified to reveal specific genetic regions and allow access to DNA-interacting enzymes. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to modify chromatin architecture by repositioning and rearranging nucleosomes. These complexes are defined by a conserved SNF2-like, catalytic ATPase subunit and are divided into four families: CHD, SWI/SNF, ISWI and INO80. ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers are crucial in regulating development and stem cell biology in numerous organs, including the inner ear. In addition, mutations in genes coding for proteins that are part of chromatin remodellers have been implicated in numerous cases of neurosensory deafness. In this review, we describe the composition, structure and functional activity of these complexes and discuss how they contribute to hearing and neurosensory deafness.
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15
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Kerschbamer E, Arnoldi M, Tripathi T, Pellegrini M, Maturi S, Erdin S, Salviato E, Di Leva F, Sebestyén E, Dassi E, Zarantonello G, Benelli M, Campos E, Basson M, Gusella J, Gustincich S, Piazza S, Demichelis F, Talkowski M, Ferrari F, Biagioli M. CHD8 suppression impacts on histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation and alters RNA alternative splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12809-12828. [PMID: 36537238 PMCID: PMC9825192 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptive mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 gene (CHD8) have been recurrently associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we investigated how chromatin reacts to CHD8 suppression by analyzing a panel of histone modifications in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors. CHD8 suppression led to significant reduction (47.82%) in histone H3K36me3 peaks at gene bodies, particularly impacting on transcriptional elongation chromatin states. H3K36me3 reduction specifically affects highly expressed, CHD8-bound genes and correlates with altered alternative splicing patterns of 462 genes implicated in 'regulation of RNA splicing' and 'mRNA catabolic process'. Mass spectrometry analysis uncovered a novel interaction between CHD8 and the splicing regulator heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL), providing the first mechanistic insights to explain the CHD8 suppression-derived splicing phenotype, partly implicating SETD2, a H3K36me3 methyltransferase. In summary, our results point toward broad molecular consequences of CHD8 suppression, entailing altered histone deposition/maintenance and RNA processing regulation as important regulatory processes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Kerschbamer
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Arnoldi
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Takshashila Tripathi
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Miguel Pellegrini
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Samuele Maturi
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Salviato
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Leva
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Endre Sebestyén
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Erik Dassi
- Laboratory of RNA Regulatory Networks, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Zarantonello
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Benelli
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Eric Campos
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James F Gusella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Bioinformatic facility, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) University of Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Laboratory of Computational and Functional Oncology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics ‘Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza’, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Biagioli
- NeuroEpigenetics laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, (CIBIO) University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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16
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Vaicekauskaitė I, Sabaliauskaitė R, Lazutka JR, Jarmalaitė S. The Emerging Role of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213670. [PMID: 36430148 PMCID: PMC9697406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of women's death from cancers. The high mortality rate is attributed to the late presence of the disease and the lack of modern diagnostic tools, including molecular biomarkers. Moreover, OC is a highly heterogeneous disease, which contributes to early treatment failure. Thus, exploring OC molecular mechanisms could significantly enhance our understanding of the disease and provide new treatment options. Chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) are ATP-dependent molecular machines responsible for chromatin reorganization and involved in many DNA-related processes, including transcriptional regulation, replication, and reparation. Dysregulation of chromatin remodeling machinery may be related to cancer development and chemoresistance in OC. Some forms of OC and other gynecologic diseases have been associated with mutations in specific CRC genes. Most notably, ARID1A in endometriosis-related OC, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in hypercalcemic type small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCCOHT), ACTL6A, CHRAC1, RSF1 amplification in high-grade serous OC. Here we review the available literature on CRCs' involvement in OC to improve our understanding of its development and investigate CRCs as possible biomarkers and treatment targets for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vaicekauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Santariškių 1, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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17
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The phenotypic spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in 106 patients with variants in major autism gene CHD8. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:421. [PMID: 36182950 PMCID: PMC9526704 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD8, a major autism gene, functions in chromatin remodelling and has various roles involving several biological pathways. Therefore, unsurprisingly, previous studies have shown that intellectual developmental disorder with autism and macrocephaly (IDDAM), the syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in CHD8, consists of a broad range of phenotypic abnormalities. We collected and reviewed 106 individuals with IDDAM, including 36 individuals not previously published, thus enabling thorough genotype-phenotype analyses, involving the CHD8 mutation spectrum, characterization of the CHD8 DNA methylation episignature, and the systematic analysis of phenotypes collected in Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). We identified 29 unique nonsense, 25 frameshift, 24 missense, and 12 splice site variants. Furthermore, two unique inframe deletions, one larger deletion (exons 26-28), and one translocation were observed. Methylation analysis was performed for 13 patients, 11 of which showed the previously established episignature for IDDAM (85%) associated with CHD8 haploinsufficiency, one analysis was inconclusive, and one showing a possible gain-of-function signature instead of the expected haploinsufficiency signature was observed. Consistent with previous studies, phenotypical abnormalities affected multiple organ systems. Many neurological abnormalities, like intellectual disability (68%) and hypotonia (29%) were observed, as well as a wide variety of behavioural abnormalities (88%). Most frequently observed behavioural problems included autism spectrum disorder (76%), short attention span (32%), abnormal social behaviour (31%), sleep disturbance (29%) and impaired social interactions (28%). Furthermore, abnormalities in the digestive (53%), musculoskeletal (79%) and genitourinary systems (18%) were noted. Although no significant difference in severity was observed between males and females, individuals with a missense variant were less severely affected. Our study provides an extensive review of all phenotypic abnormalities in patients with IDDAM and provides clinical recommendations, which will be of significant value to individuals with a pathogenic variant in CHD8, their families, and clinicians as it gives a more refined insight into the clinical and molecular spectrum of IDDAM, which is essential for accurate care and counselling.
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18
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Thudium S, Palozola K, L'Her É, Korb E. Identification of a transcriptional signature found in multiple models of ASD and related disorders. Genome Res 2022; 32:1642-1654. [PMID: 36104286 PMCID: PMC9528985 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276591.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, many such disorders are the result of mutations in genes that encode chromatin-modifying proteins. However, although these disorders share many features, it is unclear whether they also share gene expression disruptions resulting from the aberrant regulation of chromatin. We examined five chromatin modifiers that are all linked to ASD despite their different roles in regulating chromatin. Specifically, we depleted ASH1L, CHD8, CREBBP, EHMT1, and NSD1 in parallel in a highly controlled neuronal culture system. We then identified sets of shared genes, or transcriptional signatures, that are differentially expressed following loss of multiple ASD-linked chromatin modifiers. We examined the functions of genes within the transcriptional signatures and found an enrichment in many neurotransmitter transport genes and activity-dependent genes. In addition, these genes are enriched for specific chromatin features such as bivalent domains that allow for highly dynamic regulation of gene expression. The down-regulated transcriptional signature is also observed within multiple mouse models of NDDs that result in ASD, but not those only associated with intellectual disability. Finally, the down-regulated transcriptional signature can distinguish between control and idiopathic ASD patient iPSC-derived neurons as well as postmortem tissue, demonstrating that this gene set is relevant to the human disorder. This work identifies a transcriptional signature that is found within many neurodevelopmental syndromes, helping to elucidate the link between epigenetic regulation and the underlying cellular mechanisms that result in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thudium
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Palozola
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Éloïse L'Her
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Erica Korb
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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19
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Tu Z, Fan C, Davis AK, Hu M, Wang C, Dandamudi A, Seu KG, Kalfa TA, Lu QR, Zheng Y. Autism-associated chromatin remodeler CHD8 regulates erythroblast cytokinesis and fine-tunes the balance of Rho GTPase signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111072. [PMID: 35830790 PMCID: PMC9302451 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD8 is an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factor whose monoallelic mutation defines a subtype of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous work found that CHD8 is required for the maintenance of hematopoiesis by integrating ATM-P53-mediated survival of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, by using Chd8F/FMx1-Cre combined with a Trp53F/F mouse model that suppresses apoptosis of Chd8−/− HSPCs, we identify CHD8 as an essential regulator of erythroid differentiation. Chd8−/−P53−/− mice exhibited severe anemia conforming to congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) phenotypes. Loss of CHD8 leads to drastically decreased numbers of orthochromatic erythroblasts and increased binucleated and multinucleated basophilic erythroblasts with a cytokinesis failure in erythroblasts. CHD8 binds directly to the gene bodies of multiple Rho GTPase signaling genes in erythroblasts, and loss of CHD8 results in their dysregulated expression, leading to decreased RhoA and increased Rac1 and Cdc42 activities. Our study shows that autism-associated CHD8 is essential for erythroblast cytokinesis. Tu et al. report that CHD8, an autism-related chromatin remodeler, is essential for erythroid differentiation. Loss of CHD8 leads to unbalanced Rho GTPase signaling and defective erythroblast cytokinesis, mimicking that of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Cuiqing Fan
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashely K Davis
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mengwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Akhila Dandamudi
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katie G Seu
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Theodosia A Kalfa
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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20
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Jiang CC, Lin LS, Long S, Ke XY, Fukunaga K, Lu YM, Han F. Signalling pathways in autism spectrum disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:229. [PMID: 35817793 PMCID: PMC9273593 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and complex neurodevelopmental disorder which has strong genetic basis. Despite the rapidly rising incidence of autism, little is known about its aetiology, risk factors, and disease progression. There are currently neither validated biomarkers for diagnostic screening nor specific medication for autism. Over the last two decades, there have been remarkable advances in genetics, with hundreds of genes identified and validated as being associated with a high risk for autism. The convergence of neuroscience methods is becoming more widely recognized for its significance in elucidating the pathological mechanisms of autism. Efforts have been devoted to exploring the behavioural functions, key pathological mechanisms and potential treatments of autism. Here, as we highlight in this review, emerging evidence shows that signal transduction molecular events are involved in pathological processes such as transcription, translation, synaptic transmission, epigenetics and immunoinflammatory responses. This involvement has important implications for the discovery of precise molecular targets for autism. Moreover, we review recent insights into the mechanisms and clinical implications of signal transduction in autism from molecular, cellular, neural circuit, and neurobehavioural aspects. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are discussed with regard to novel strategies predicated on the biological features of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Jiang
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Li-Shan Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Sen Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Mental Health Center Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Feng Han
- International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China.
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21
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Lim HK, Yoon JH, Song M. Autism Spectrum Disorder Genes: Disease-Related Networks and Compensatory Strategies. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:922840. [PMID: 35726297 PMCID: PMC9206533 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.922840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain comprises structurally and functionally distinct regions. Each of these regions has characteristic molecular mechanisms that mediate higher-order tasks, such as memory, learning, emotion, impulse, and motor control. Many genes are involved in neuronal signaling and contribute to normal brain development. Dysfunction of essential components of neural signals leads to various types of brain disorders. Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, communication challenges, and compulsive repetitive behaviors. Long-term genetic studies have uncovered key genes associated with autism spectrum disorder, such as SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3, methyl-CpG binding protein 2, neurexin 1, and chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8. In addition, disease-associated networks have been identified using animal models, and the understanding of the impact of these genes on disease susceptibility and compensation is deepening. In this review, we examine rescue strategies using key models of autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong Hyuk Yoon,
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- Minseok Song,
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22
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Iyshwarya B, Vajagathali M, Ramakrishnan V. Investigation of Genetic Polymorphism in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Pathogenesis of the Neurodevelopmental Disorder. ADVANCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022; 6:136-146. [DOI: 10.1007/s41252-022-00251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
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23
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Villa CE, Cheroni C, Dotter CP, López-Tóbon A, Oliveira B, Sacco R, Yahya AÇ, Morandell J, Gabriele M, Tavakoli MR, Lyudchik J, Sommer C, Gabitto M, Danzl JG, Testa G, Novarino G. CHD8 haploinsufficiency links autism to transient alterations in excitatory and inhibitory trajectories. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110615. [PMID: 35385734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 8 (CHD8) gene are a frequent cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While its phenotypic spectrum often encompasses macrocephaly, implicating cortical abnormalities, how CHD8 haploinsufficiency affects neurodevelopmental is unclear. Here, employing human cerebral organoids, we find that CHD8 haploinsufficiency disrupted neurodevelopmental trajectories with an accelerated and delayed generation of, respectively, inhibitory and excitatory neurons that yields, at days 60 and 120, symmetrically opposite expansions in their proportions. This imbalance is consistent with an enlargement of cerebral organoids as an in vitro correlate of patients' macrocephaly. Through an isogenic design of patient-specific mutations and mosaic organoids, we define genotype-phenotype relationships and uncover their cell-autonomous nature. Our results define cell-type-specific CHD8-dependent molecular defects related to an abnormal program of proliferation and alternative splicing. By identifying cell-type-specific effects of CHD8 mutations, our study uncovers reproducible developmental alterations that may be employed for neurodevelopmental disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Emanuele Villa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Christoph P Dotter
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alejandro López-Tóbon
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bárbara Oliveira
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aysan Çerağ Yahya
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jasmin Morandell
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michele Gabriele
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mojtaba R Tavakoli
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Lyudchik
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Johann G Danzl
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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24
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Houschyar KS, Borrelli MR, Rein S, Tapking C, Popp D, Puladi B, Ooms M, Schulz T, Maan ZN, Branski LK, Siemers F, Philipp-Dormston WG, Yazdi AS, Duscher D. Wnt ligand expression in malignant melanoma: new insights. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-022-01941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Caracci MO, Avila ME, Espinoza-Cavieres FA, López HR, Ugarte GD, De Ferrari GV. Wnt/β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:764756. [PMID: 34858139 PMCID: PMC8632544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.764756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by synaptic dysfunction and defects in dendritic spine morphology. In the past decade, an extensive list of genes associated with ASD has been identified by genome-wide sequencing initiatives. Several of these genes functionally converge in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a conserved cascade essential for stem cell pluripotency and cell fate decisions during development. Here, we review current information regarding the transcriptional program of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ASD. First, we discuss that Wnt/β-catenin gain and loss of function studies recapitulate brain developmental abnormalities associated with ASD. Second, transcriptomic approaches using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) cells, featuring mutations in high confidence ASD genes, reveal a significant dysregulation in the expression of Wnt signaling components. Finally, we focus on the activity of chromatin-remodeling proteins and transcription factors considered high confidence ASD genes, including CHD8, ARID1B, ADNP, and TBR1, that regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in multiple cell types, including pyramidal neurons, interneurons and oligodendrocytes, cells which are becoming increasingly relevant in the study of ASD. We conclude that the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation could explain the high phenotypical heterogeneity of ASD and be instrumental in the development of new diagnostics tools and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O. Caracci
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel E. Avila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences (NIAVA), Institute of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca A. Espinoza-Cavieres
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. López
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giorgia D. Ugarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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26
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CHD8 safeguards early neuroectoderm differentiation in human ESCs and protects from apoptosis during neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:981. [PMID: 34686651 PMCID: PMC8536677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler CHD8, which belongs to the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers CHD family, is one of the most high-risk mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders. However, the role of CHD8 in neural differentiation and the mechanism of CHD8 in autism remains unclear, despite there are a few studies based on the CHD8 haploinsufficient models. Here, we generate the CHD8 knockout human ESCs by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and characterize the effect of loss-of-function of CHD8 on pluripotency maintenance and lineage determination by utilizing efficient directed differentiation protocols. The results show loss-of-function of CHD8 does not affect human ESC maintenance although having slight effect on proliferation and cell cycle. Interestingly, CHD8 depletion results in defective neuroectoderm differentiation, along with severe cell death in neural progenitor stage. Transcriptome analysis also indicates CHD8 does not alter the expression of pluripotent genes in ESC stage, but in neural progenitor cells depletion of CHD8 induces the abnormal expression of the apoptosis genes and suppresses neuroectoderm-related genes. These results provide the evidence that CHD8 plays an essential role in the pluripotency exit and neuroectoderm differentiation as well as the regulation of apoptosis during neurogenesis.
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27
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Seachrist DD, Anstine LJ, Keri RA. FOXA1: A Pioneer of Nuclear Receptor Action in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205205. [PMID: 34680352 PMCID: PMC8533709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneering function of FOXA1 establishes estrogen-responsive transcriptomes in luminal breast cancer. Dysregulated FOXA1 chromatin occupancy through focal amplification, mutation, or cofactor recruitment modulates estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional programs and drives endocrine-resistant disease. However, ER is not the sole nuclear receptor (NR) expressed in breast cancers, nor is it the only NR for which FOXA1 serves as a licensing factor. Receptors for androgens, glucocorticoids, and progesterone are also found in the majority of breast cancers, and their functions are also impacted by FOXA1. These NRs interface with ER transcriptional programs and, depending on their activation level, can reprogram FOXA1-ER cistromes. Thus, NR interplay contributes to endocrine therapy response and resistance and may provide a vulnerability for future therapeutic benefit in patients. Herein, we review what is known regarding FOXA1 regulation of NR function in breast cancer in the context of cell identity, endocrine resistance, and NR crosstalk in breast cancer progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcie D. Seachrist
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Lindsey J. Anstine
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruth A. Keri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
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28
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Ciptasari U, van Bokhoven H. The phenomenal epigenome in neurodevelopmental disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R42-R50. [PMID: 32766754 PMCID: PMC7530535 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of chromatin structure due to epimutations is a leading genetic etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as chromatinopathies. We show that there is an increasing level of convergence from the high diversity of genes that are affected by mutations to the molecular networks and pathways involving the respective proteins, the disrupted cellular and subcellular processes, and their consequence for higher order cellular network function. This convergence is ultimately reflected by specific phenotypic features shared across the various chromatinopathies. Based on these observations, we propose that the commonly disrupted molecular and cellular anomalies might provide a rational target for the development of symptomatic interventions for defined groups of genetically distinct neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummi Ciptasari
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Doummar D, Treven M, Qebibo L, Devos D, Ghoumid J, Ravelli C, Kranz G, Krenn M, Demailly D, Cif L, Davion JB, Zimprich F, Burglen L, Zech M. Childhood-onset progressive dystonia associated with pathogenic truncating variants in CHD8. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1986-1990. [PMID: 34415117 PMCID: PMC8528468 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally described as a risk factor for autism, CHD8 loss‐of‐function variants have recently been associated with a wider spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. We further expand the CHD8‐related phenotype with the description of two unrelated patients who presented with childhood‐onset progressive dystonia. Whole‐exome sequencing conducted in two independent laboratories revealed a CHD8 nonsense variant in one patient and a frameshift variant in the second. The patients had strongly overlapping phenotypes characterized by generalized dystonia with mild‐to‐moderate neurodevelopmental comorbidity. Deep brain stimulation led to clinical improvement in both cases. We suggest that CHD8 should be added to the growing list of neurodevelopmental disorder‐associated genes whose mutations can also result in dystonia‐dominant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Doummar
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Movement Disorders Center, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marco Treven
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Leila Qebibo
- Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital diseases Reference Center and Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Genetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Devos
- Université de Lille, INSERM, U1172, CHU-Lille, Lille, France.,Neuroscience Cognition Research Centre, Lille, France.,Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, CHU Lille, Licend, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- CHU Lille, University of Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France
| | - Claudia Ravelli
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Movement Disorders Center, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Martin Krenn
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diane Demailly
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Cif
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital diseases Reference Center and Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Genetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Michael Zech
- School of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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30
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Weissberg O, Elliott E. The Mechanisms of CHD8 in Neurodevelopment and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081133. [PMID: 34440307 PMCID: PMC8393912 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) has been identified as one of the genes with the strongest association with autism. The CHD8 protein is a transcriptional regulator that is expressed in nearly all cell types and has been implicated in multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, cell adhesion, neuronal development, myelination, and synaptogenesis. Considering the central role of CHD8 in the genetics of autism, a deeper understanding of the physiological functions of CHD8 is important to understand the development of the autism phenotype and potential therapeutic targets. Different CHD8 mutant mouse models were developed to determine autism-like phenotypes and to fully understand their mechanisms. Here, we review the current knowledge on CHD8, with an emphasis on mechanistic lessons gained from animal models that have been studied.
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31
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Tu Z, Wang C, Davis AK, Hu M, Zhao C, Xin M, Lu QR, Zheng Y. The chromatin remodeler CHD8 governs hematopoietic stem/progenitor survival by regulating ATM-mediated P53 protein stability. Blood 2021; 138:221-233. [PMID: 34292326 PMCID: PMC8310427 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chd8 gene encodes a member of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of SNF2H-like adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeler, the mutations of which define a subtype of autism spectrum disorders. Increasing evidence from recent studies indicates that ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling genes are involved in the control of crucial gene-expression programs in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) regulation. In this study, we identified CHD8 as a specific and essential regulator of normal hematopoiesis. Loss of Chd8 leads to severe anemia, pancytopenia, bone marrow failure, and engraftment failure related to a drastic depletion of HSPCs. CHD8 forms a complex with ATM and its deficiency increases chromatin accessibility and drives genomic instability in HSPCs causing an activation of ATM kinase that further stabilizes P53 protein by phosphorylation and leads to increased HSPC apoptosis. Deletion of P53 rescues the apoptotic defects of HSPCs and restores overall hematopoiesis in Chd8-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that chromatin organization by CHD8 is uniquely necessary for the maintenance of hematopoiesis by integrating the ATM-P53-mediated survival of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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32
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Chen X, Xu J, Wang X, Long G, You Q, Guo X. Targeting WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10537-10556. [PMID: 34283608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is a member of the WD40 protein family, and it is widely involved in various biological activities and not limited to epigenetic regulation in vivo. WDR5 is also involved in the initiation and development of many diseases and plays a key role in these diseases. Since WDR5 was discovered, it has been suggested as a potential disease treatment target, and a large number of inhibitors targeting WDR5 have been discovered. In this review, we discussed the development of inhibitors targeting WDR5 over the years, and the biological mechanisms of these inhibitors based on previous mechanistic studies were explored. Finally, we describe the development potential of inhibitors targeting WDR5 and prospects for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianghan Wang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guanlu Long
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoke Guo
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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33
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Oxytocin ameliorates impaired social behavior in a Chd8 haploinsufficiency mouse model of autism. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:32. [PMID: 33933000 PMCID: PMC8088024 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the core symptoms of impaired social interactions. Increasing evidence suggests that ASD has a strong genetic link with mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8), a gene encoding a chromatin remodeler. It has previously been shown that Chd8 haplodeficient male mice manifest ASD-like behavioral characteristics such as anxiety and altered social behavior. Along with that, oxytocin (OT) is one of the main neuropeptides involved in social behavior. Administration of OT has shown improvement of social behavior in genetic animal models of ASD. The present study was undertaken to further explore behavioral abnormalities of Chd8 haplodeficient mice of both sexes, their link with OT, and possible effects of OT administration. First, we performed a battery of behavioral tests on wild-type and Chd8+/∆SL female and male mice. Next, we measured plasma OT levels and finally studied the effects of intraperitoneal OT injection on observed behavioral deficits. Results We showed general anxiety phenotype in Chd8+/∆SL mice regardless of sex, the depressive phenotype in Chd8+/∆SL female mice only and bidirectional social deficit in female and male mice. We observed decreased level of OT in Chd+/∆SL mice, possibly driven by males. Mice injected by OT demonstrated recovery of social behavior, while reduced anxiety was observed only in male mice. Conclusions Here, we demonstrated that abnormal social behaviors were observed in both male and female Chd8+/∆SL mice. The ability of peripheral OT administration to affect such behaviors along with altered plasma OT levels indicated a possible link between Chd8 + /∆SL and OT in the pathogenesis of ASD as well as the possible usefulness of OT as a therapeutic tool for ASD patients with CHD8 mutations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-021-00631-6.
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34
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Hurley S, Mohan C, Suetterlin P, Ellingford R, Riegman KLH, Ellegood J, Caruso A, Michetti C, Brock O, Evans R, Rudari F, Delogu A, Scattoni ML, Lerch JP, Fernandes C, Basson MA. Distinct, dosage-sensitive requirements for the autism-associated factor CHD8 during cortical development. Mol Autism 2021; 12:16. [PMID: 33627187 PMCID: PMC7905672 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CHD8 haploinsufficiency causes autism and macrocephaly with high penetrance in the human population. Chd8 heterozygous mice exhibit relatively subtle brain overgrowth and little gene expression changes in the embryonic neocortex. The purpose of this study was to generate new, sub-haploinsufficient Chd8 mouse models to allow us to identify and study the functions of CHD8 during embryonic cortical development. METHODS To examine the possibility that certain phenotypes may only appear at sub-heterozygous Chd8 levels in the mouse, we created an allelic series of Chd8-deficient mice to reduce CHD8 protein levels to approximately 35% (mild hypomorph), 10% (severe hypomorph) and 0% (neural-specific conditional knockout) of wildtype levels. We used RNA sequencing to compare transcriptional dysregulation, structural MRI and brain weight to investigate effects on brain size, and cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis markers in immunostaining assays to quantify changes in neural progenitor fate. RESULTS Mild Chd8 hypomorphs displayed significant postnatal lethality, with surviving animals exhibiting more pronounced brain hyperplasia than heterozygotes. Over 2000 genes were dysregulated in mild hypomorphs, including autism-associated neurodevelopmental and cell cycle genes. We identify increased proliferation of non-ventricular zone TBR2+ intermediate progenitors as one potential cause of brain hyperplasia in these mutants. Severe Chd8 hypomorphs displayed even greater transcriptional dysregulation, including evidence for p53 pathway upregulation. In contrast to mild hypomorphs, these mice displayed reduced brain size and increased apoptosis in the embryonic neocortex. Homozygous, conditional deletion of Chd8 in early neuronal progenitors resulted in pronounced brain hypoplasia, partly caused by p53 target gene derepression and apoptosis in the embryonic neocortex. Limitations Our findings identify an important role for the autism-associated factor CHD8 in controlling the proliferation of intermediate progenitors in the mouse neocortex. We propose that CHD8 has a similar function in human brain development, but studies on human cells are required to confirm this. Because many of our mouse mutants with reduced CHD8 function die shortly after birth, it is not possible to fully determine to what extent reduced CHD8 function results in autism-associated behaviours in mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings identify important, dosage-sensitive functions for CHD8 in p53 pathway repression, neurodevelopmental gene expression and neural progenitor fate in the embryonic neocortex. We conclude that brain development is acutely sensitive to reduced CHD8 expression and that the varying sensitivities of different progenitor populations and cellular processes to CHD8 dosage result in non-linear effects on gene transcription and brain growth. Shaun Hurley, Conor Mohan and Philipp Suetterlin have contributed equally to this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Hurley
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Conor Mohan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philipp Suetterlin
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Ellingford
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jacob Ellegood
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Caruso
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology Section, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Michetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology Section, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Olivier Brock
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Romy Evans
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fabrizio Rudari
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology Section, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
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35
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Thonsri U, Wongkham S, Wongkham C, Hino S, Nakao M, Roytrakul S, Koga T, Seubwai W. High glucose-ROS conditions enhance the progression in cholangiocarcinoma via upregulation of MAN2A2 and CHD8. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:254-264. [PMID: 33141432 PMCID: PMC7780024 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor in the development and progression of several cancers including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the molecular mechanism by which hyperglycemia potentiates progression of CCA is not clearly understood. Here, we showed that a high glucose condition significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promoted aggressive phenotypes of CCA cells, including proliferation and migration activities. Mannosidase alpha class 2a member 2 (MAN2A2), was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in a high glucose‐ and ROS‐dependent manner. In addition, cell proliferation and migration were significantly reduced by MAN2A2 knockdown. Based on our proteome and in silico analyses, we further found that chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 8 (CHD8) was induced by ROS signaling and regulated MAN2A2 expression. Overexpression of CHD8 increased MAN2A2 expression, while CHD8 knockdown dramatically reduced proliferation and migration as well as MAN2A2 expression in CCA cells. Moreover, both MAN2A2 and CHD8 were highly expressed with positive correlation in CCA tumor tissues. Collectively, these data suggested that high glucose conditions promote CCA progression through ROS‐mediated upregulation of MAN2A2 and CHD8. Thus, glucose metabolism is a promising therapeutic target to control tumor progression in patients with CCA and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unchalee Thonsri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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36
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Yang A, Chen J, Zhao XM. nMAGMA: a network-enhanced method for inferring risk genes from GWAS summary statistics and its application to schizophrenia. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998843. [PMID: 33230537 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Annotating genetic variants from summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is crucial for predicting risk genes of various disorders. The multimarker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA) is one of the most popular tools for this purpose, where MAGMA aggregates signals of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to their nearby genes. In biology, SNPs may also affect genes that are far away in the genome, thus missed by MAGMA. Although different upgrades of MAGMA have been proposed to extend gene-wise variant annotations with more information (e.g. Hi-C or eQTL), the regulatory relationships among genes and the tissue specificity of signals have not been taken into account. RESULTS We propose a new approach, namely network-enhanced MAGMA (nMAGMA), for gene-wise annotation of variants from GWAS summary statistics. Compared with MAGMA and H-MAGMA, nMAGMA significantly extends the lists of genes that can be annotated to SNPs by integrating local signals, long-range regulation signals (i.e. interactions between distal DNA elements), and tissue-specific gene networks. When applied to schizophrenia (SCZ), nMAGMA is able to detect more risk genes (217% more than MAGMA and 57% more than H-MAGMA) that are involved in SCZ compared with MAGMA and H-MAGMA, and more of nMAGMA results can be validated with known SCZ risk genes. Some disease-related functions (e.g. the ATPase pathway in Cortex) are also uncovered in nMAGMA but not in MAGMA or H-MAGMA. Moreover, nMAGMA provides tissue-specific risk signals, which are useful for understanding disorders with multitissue origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, China
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37
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Pejaver V, Urresti J, Lugo-Martinez J, Pagel KA, Lin GN, Nam HJ, Mort M, Cooper DN, Sebat J, Iakoucheva LM, Mooney SD, Radivojac P. Inferring the molecular and phenotypic impact of amino acid variants with MutPred2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5918. [PMID: 33219223 PMCID: PMC7680112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying pathogenic variants and underlying functional alterations is challenging. To this end, we introduce MutPred2, a tool that improves the prioritization of pathogenic amino acid substitutions over existing methods, generates molecular mechanisms potentially causative of disease, and returns interpretable pathogenicity score distributions on individual genomes. Whilst its prioritization performance is state-of-the-art, a distinguishing feature of MutPred2 is the probabilistic modeling of variant impact on specific aspects of protein structure and function that can serve to guide experimental studies of phenotype-altering variants. We demonstrate the utility of MutPred2 in the identification of the structural and functional mutational signatures relevant to Mendelian disorders and the prioritization of de novo mutations associated with complex neurodevelopmental disorders. We then experimentally validate the functional impact of several variants identified in patients with such disorders. We argue that mechanism-driven studies of human inherited disease have the potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of clinically actionable variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Pejaver
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jorge Urresti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Lugo-Martinez
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kymberleigh A Pagel
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 220 Hackerman Hall, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyun-Jun Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Mort
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lilia M Iakoucheva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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The influence of circadian rhythms and aerobic glycolysis in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:400. [PMID: 33199680 PMCID: PMC7669888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual abilities and their clinical presentations are extremely heterogeneous in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main causes of ASD remain unclear. ASD is frequently associated with sleep disorders. Biologic rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and controlling several physiological pathways, including brain development and behavioral processes. Recent findings have shown that the deregulation of the core clock neurodevelopmental signaling is correlated with ASD clinical presentation. One of the main pathways involved in developmental cognitive disorders is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving circadian expression of genes involved in physiologic and metabolic functions. In ASD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhancing by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. ASD progression is associated with a major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, the aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythms dysregulation in metabolic reprogramming in ASD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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39
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CHD8 dosage regulates transcription in pluripotency and early murine neural differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22331-22340. [PMID: 32839322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921963117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler CHD8 is among the most frequently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). CHD8 has a dosage-sensitive role in ASD, but when and how it becomes critical to human social function is unclear. Here, we conducted genomic analyses of heterozygous and homozygous Chd8 mouse embryonic stem cells and differentiated neural progenitors. We identify dosage-sensitive CHD8 transcriptional targets, sites of regulated accessibility, and an unexpected cooperation with SOX transcription factors. Collectively, our findings reveal that CHD8 negatively regulates expression of neuronal genes to maintain pluripotency and also during differentiation. Thus, CHD8 is essential for both the maintenance of pluripotency and neural differentiation, providing mechanistic insight into its function with potential implications for ASD.
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40
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De Novo Damaging DNA Coding Mutations Are Associated With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Overlap With Tourette's Disorder and Autism. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:1035-1044. [PMID: 31771860 PMCID: PMC7160031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with a genetic risk component, yet identification of high-confidence risk genes has been challenging. In recent years, risk gene discovery in other complex psychiatric disorders has been achieved by studying rare de novo (DN) coding variants. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing in 222 OCD parent-child trios (184 trios after quality control), comparing DN variant frequencies with 777 previously sequenced unaffected trios. We estimated the contribution of DN mutations to OCD risk and the number of genes involved. Finally, we looked for gene enrichment in other datasets and canonical pathways. RESULTS DN likely gene disrupting and predicted damaging missense variants are enriched in OCD probands (rate ratio, 1.52; p = .0005) and contribute to risk. We identified 2 high-confidence risk genes, each containing 2 DN damaging variants in unrelated probands: CHD8 and SCUBE1. We estimate that 34% of DN damaging variants in OCD contribute to risk and that DN damaging variants in approximately 335 genes contribute to risk in 22% of OCD cases. Furthermore, genes harboring DN damaging variants in OCD are enriched for those reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly Tourette's disorder and autism spectrum disorder. An exploratory network analysis reveals significant functional connectivity and enrichment in canonical pathways, biological processes, and disease networks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a pathway toward systematic gene discovery in OCD via identification of DN damaging variants. Sequencing larger cohorts of OCD parent-child trios will reveal more OCD risk genes and will provide needed insights into underlying disease biology.
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41
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Bielawski T, Misiak B, Moustafa A, Frydecka D. Epigenetic mechanisms, trauma, and psychopathology: targeting chromatin remodeling complexes. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:595-604. [PMID: 30730846 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pressure affects the genotype throughout different epigenetic processes. There is currently ample evidence on the role of epigenetics in developing various mental disorders. A burden of environmental pressure, such as psychological trauma, and its influence on genotype can lead to a variety of psychopathologies. Thus, this study focuses on the epigenetic activity of the complex protein machinery operating on chromatin - the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Although there are several recent studies on the molecular structure, functions, and taxonomy of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, the focus of this paper is to highlight the importance of those 'protein machines' in developing psychiatric disorders. Data were obtained from human preclinical and clinical studies. The results of this review indicate an importance of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in the interaction between environmental factors, including traumatic events, and genetic vulnerability to stress. Several studies indicate that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play a crucial role in the development and consolidation of memory, in neurodevelopmental processes, and in etiology depressive-like behavior. Thus, the activity of those 'protein machines' emerges as a key factor in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric diseases. It can also be concluded that the limitations of clinical studies may be explained by inappropriate laboratory methods and research paradigms due to the delayed timeframe of biochemical responses to environmental stimuli. Future research in this field may enable a better understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases and contribute to the development of novel molecular treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Blazej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 1 Marcinkowski Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.,Department of Social Sciences, Qatar University Ringgold Standard Institution, Ad Dawhah, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Pasteur Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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42
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Lee CY, Petkova M, Morales-Gonzalez S, Gimber N, Schmoranzer J, Meisel A, Böhmerle W, Stenzel W, Schuelke M, Schwarz JM. A spontaneous missense mutation in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) gene: a novel association with congenital myasthenic syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:588-601. [PMID: 32267004 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are characterized by muscle weakness, ptosis and episodic apnoea. Mutations affect integral protein components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here we searched for the genetic basis of CMS in female monozygotic twins. METHODS We employed whole-exome sequencing for mutation detection and Sanger sequencing for segregation analysis. Immunohistology was done with antibodies against CHD8, rapsyn, β-catenin (βCAT) and golgin on fi-bro-blasts, human and mouse muscle. We recorded superresolution images of the NMJ using 3D-structured illumination microscopy. RESULTS We discovered a spontaneous missense mutation in CHD8 [chr14:g.21,884,051G>A, GRCh37.p11 | c.1732C>T, NM_00117062 | p.(R578C)], the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8. This is the first missense mutation affecting Duplin, the short 110 kDa isoform of CHD8. It is known that CHD8/Duplin negatively regulates βCAT signalling in the WNT pathway and plays a role in chromatin remodelling. Inactivating CHD8 mutations are associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability in combination with facial dysmorphism, overgrowth and macrocephalus. No muscle-specific phenotype has been reported to date. Co-immunostaining with rapsyn on human and mouse muscle revealed a strong presence of CHD8 at the NMJ being located towards the sarcoplasmic side of the rapsyn cluster, where it co-localizes with βCAT. CONCLUSION We hypothesize CHD8 to have a role in the maintenance of the structural integrity and function of the NMJ. Both patients benefited from treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine, a reversible blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels at the nerve terminal that prolongs the action potential and increases acetylcholine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lee
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Petkova
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Morales-Gonzalez
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Gimber
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility (AMBIO), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Meisel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Böhmerle
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schuelke
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Schwarz
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Alotaibi M, Ramzan K. A de novo variant of CHD8 in a patient with autism spectrum disorder. Discoveries (Craiova) 2020; 8:e107. [PMID: 32309624 PMCID: PMC7159839 DOI: 10.15190/d.2020.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, usually diagnosed in early childhood, that are characterized by adaptive deficits in social interaction, communication skills, and restricted or stereotyped repetitive patterns of behavior. There had been limited success to define ASD subtypes on the behavioral basis. Genetically categorized ASD subtypes may provide basis to determine the course, prognosis, and individualized mechanism based treatment. Mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) gene, have been associated with autism, macrocephaly, speech delay, distinct facial features, sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances. There are few cases in the literature reporting de novo mutations of CHD8 exhibiting sporadic ASD. Here we describe a Saudi boy with developmental delay, intellectual disability, macrocephaly, craniofacial abnormalities, speech delay, but without any history of seizures, gastrointestinal problems or sleep disturbance. Whole exome sequencing for parent-child trio revealed a de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutation (c.4984C>T, p.Arg1662Ter) in CHD8 gene. Our findings elaborate the genotype-phenotype correlation and confirm that the CHD8 disruptions represent a clinical ASD subtype and further highlight the significance of implementing genomic medicine in clinical practice for an early intervention and necessary support for the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alotaibi
- Department of Genetics, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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44
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Hui K, Katayama Y, Nakayama KI, Nomura J, Sakurai T. Characterizing vulnerable brain areas and circuits in mouse models of autism: Towards understanding pathogenesis and new therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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The Ubiquitin System: a Regulatory Hub for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2179-2193. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Gervais L, van den Beek M, Josserand M, Sallé J, Stefanutti M, Perdigoto CN, Skorski P, Mazouni K, Marshall OJ, Brand AH, Schweisguth F, Bardin AJ. Stem Cell Proliferation Is Kept in Check by the Chromatin Regulators Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 and Trr/MLL3/4. Dev Cell 2020; 49:556-573.e6. [PMID: 31112698 PMCID: PMC6547167 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling accompanies differentiation, however, its role in self-renewal is less well understood. We report that in Drosophila, the chromatin remodeler Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 limits intestinal stem cell (ISC) number and proliferation without affecting differentiation. Stem-cell-specific whole-genome profiling of Kismet revealed its enrichment at transcriptionally active regions bound by RNA polymerase II and Brahma, its recruitment to the transcription start site of activated genes and developmental enhancers and its depletion from regions bound by Polycomb, Histone H1, and heterochromatin Protein 1. We demonstrate that the Trithorax-related/MLL3/4 chromatin modifier regulates ISC proliferation, colocalizes extensively with Kismet throughout the ISC genome, and co-regulates genes in ISCs, including Cbl, a negative regulator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Loss of kismet or trr leads to elevated levels of EGFR protein and signaling, thereby promoting ISC self-renewal. We propose that Kismet with Trr establishes a chromatin state that limits EGFR proliferative signaling, preventing tumor-like stem cell overgrowths. Chromatin modifiers Kismet and Trr limit intestinal stem cell proliferation Kismet and Trr colocalize at transcriptionally active regions and co-regulate genes EGFR negative regulator Cbl is a target gene of Kismet and Trr Kismet and Trr limit EGFR signaling in ISCs, preventing tumor-like ISC accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gervais
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France.
| | - Marius van den Beek
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Manon Josserand
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Sallé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Marine Stefanutti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Carolina N Perdigoto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Skorski
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Khallil Mazouni
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Paris 75015, France; CNRS, URA2578, Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Owen J Marshall
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - François Schweisguth
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Paris 75015, France; CNRS, URA2578, Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis Group, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France.
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47
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Hasan N, Ahuja N. The Emerging Roles of ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1859. [PMID: 31769422 PMCID: PMC6966483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with low survival rates. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation has been associated with the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumors. Multiple studies have pointed to the involvement of aberrant chromatin modifications in driving tumor behavior. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes regulate chromatin structure and have critical roles in stem cell maintenance, development, and cancer. Frequent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in the genes associated with subunits of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes have been detected in different cancer types. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the genomic alterations and mechanistic studies of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in pancreatic cancer. Our review is focused on the four main subfamilies: SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF), imitation SWI (ISWI), chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD), and INOsitol-requiring mutant 80 (INO80). Finally, we discuss potential novel treatment options that use small molecules to target these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
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48
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Ostrowski PJ, Zachariou A, Loveday C, Beleza-Meireles A, Bertoli M, Dean J, Douglas AGL, Ellis I, Foster A, Graham JM, Hague J, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Hoffer M, Johnson D, Josifova D, Kant SG, Kini U, Lachlan K, Lam W, Lees M, Lynch S, Maitz S, McKee S, Metcalfe K, Nathanson K, Ockeloen CW, Parker MJ, Pierson TM, Rahikkala E, Sanchez-Lara PA, Spano A, Van Maldergem L, Cole T, Douzgou S, Tatton-Brown K. The CHD8 overgrowth syndrome: A detailed evaluation of an emerging overgrowth phenotype in 27 patients. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:557-564. [PMID: 31721432 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CHD8 has been reported as an autism susceptibility/intellectual disability gene but emerging evidence suggests that it additionally causes an overgrowth phenotype. This study reports 27 unrelated patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHD8 variants (25 null variants, two missense variants) and a male:female ratio of 21:6 (3.5:1, p < .01). All patients presented with intellectual disability, with 85% in the mild or moderate range, and 85% had a height and/or head circumference ≥2 standard deviations above the mean, meeting our clinical criteria for overgrowth. Behavioral problems were reported in the majority of patients (78%), with over half (56%) either formally diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder or described as having autistic traits. Additional clinical features included neonatal hypotonia (33%), and less frequently seizures, pes planus, scoliosis, fifth finger clinodactyly, umbilical hernia, and glabellar hemangioma (≤15% each). These results suggest that, in addition to its established link with autism and intellectual disability, CHD8 causes an overgrowth phenotype, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with increased height and/or head circumference in association with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Ostrowski
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Zachariou
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Bertoli
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Dean
- North of Scotland Medical Genetic Service, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew G L Douglas
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Duthie Building, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Ellis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alison Foster
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - John M Graham
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Hague
- East of England Regional Medical Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mariette Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diana Johnson
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dragana Josifova
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Wayne Lam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melissa Lees
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sally Lynch
- Temple Street Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Shane McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Katherine Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tyler M Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, and the Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alice Spano
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Clinical Investigation Center 1431, National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM), Besançon, France
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,St George's University of London, London, UK
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49
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Rezaei-Lotfi S, Hunter N, Farahani RM. β-Catenin: A Metazoan Filter for Biological Noise? Front Genet 2019; 10:1004. [PMID: 31681432 PMCID: PMC6805772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular noise refers to fluctuations of biological signals that facilitate phenotypic heterogeneity in a population. While endogenous mechanisms exist to limit genetic noise in biological systems, such restrictions are sometimes removed to propel phenotypic variability as an adaptive strategy. Herein, we review evidence for the potential role of β-catenin in restricting gene expression noise by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We discuss mechanisms that restrict intrinsic noise subsequent to nuclear mobilization of β-catenin. Nuclear β-catenin promotes initiation of transcription but buffers against the resultant noise by restraining transcription elongation. Acceleration of cell cycle, mediated via Wnt/β-catenin downstream signals, further diminishes intrinsic noise by curtailing the efficiency of protein synthesis. Extrinsic noise, on the other hand, is restricted by β-catenin–mediated regulation of major cellular stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rezaei-Lotfi
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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50
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Cytrynbaum C, Choufani S, Weksberg R. Epigenetic signatures in overgrowth syndromes: Translational opportunities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:491-501. [PMID: 31828978 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous overgrowth syndromes have been found to be caused by pathogenic DNA sequence variants in "epigenes," genes that encode proteins that function in epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation (DNAm), histone modifications and chromatin conformation, have emerged as a vital genome-wide regulatory mechanism that modulate the transcriptome temporally and spatially to drive normal developmental and cellular processes. Evidence suggests that epigenetic marks are layered and engage in crosstalk, in that disruptions of any one component of the epigenetic machinery impact the others. This interdependence of epigenetic marks underpins the recent identification of gene-specific DNAm signatures for a variety of disorders caused by pathogenic variants in epigenes. Here, we discuss the power of DNAm signatures with respect to furthering our understanding of disease pathophysiology, enhancing the efficacy of molecular diagnostics and identifying new targets for therapeutics of overgrowth syndromes. These findings highlight the promise of the field of epigenomics to provide unprecedented insights into disease mechanisms generating a host of opportunities to advance precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Cytrynbaum
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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