1
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Egger T, Morano L, Blanchard MP, Basbous J, Constantinou A. Spatial organization and functions of Chk1 activation by TopBP1 biomolecular condensates. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114064. [PMID: 38578830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Assembly of TopBP1 biomolecular condensates triggers activation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR)/Chk1 signaling pathway, which coordinates cell responses to impaired DNA replication. Here, we used optogenetics and reverse genetics to investigate the role of sequence-specific motifs in the formation and functions of TopBP1 condensates. We propose that BACH1/FANCJ is involved in the partitioning of BRCA1 within TopBP1 compartments. We show that Chk1 is activated at the interface of TopBP1 condensates and provide evidence that these structures arise at sites of DNA damage and in primary human fibroblasts. Chk1 phosphorylation depends on the integrity of a conserved arginine motif within TopBP1's ATR activation domain (AAD). Its mutation uncouples Chk1 activation from TopBP1 condensation, revealing that optogenetically induced Chk1 phosphorylation triggers cell cycle checkpoints and slows down replication forks in the absence of DNA damage. Together with previous work, these data suggest that the intrinsically disordered AAD encodes distinct molecular steps in the ATR/Chk1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Egger
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Morano
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Blanchard
- Montpellier Ressources Imageries, BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jihane Basbous
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Angelos Constantinou
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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2
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Rankin BD, Rankin S. The MCM2-7 Complex: Roles beyond DNA Unwinding. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:258. [PMID: 38666870 PMCID: PMC11048021 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The MCM2-7 complex is a hexameric protein complex that serves as a DNA helicase. It unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication, thereby providing the single-stranded replication template. In recent years, it has become clear that the MCM2-7 complex has additional functions that extend well beyond its role in DNA replication. Through physical and functional interactions with different pathways, it impacts other nuclear events and activities, including folding of the genome, histone inheritance, chromosome segregation, DNA damage sensing and repair, and gene transcription. Collectively, the diverse roles of the MCM2-7 complex suggest it plays a critical role in maintaining genome integrity by integrating the regulation of DNA replication with other pathways in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D. Rankin
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Cell Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susannah Rankin
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Cell Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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3
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Vipat S, Moiseeva TN. The TIMELESS Roles in Genome Stability and Beyond. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168206. [PMID: 37481157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
TIMELESS protein (TIM) protects replication forks from stalling at difficult-to-replicate regions and plays an important role in DNA damage response, including checkpoint signaling, protection of stalled replication forks and DNA repair. Loss of TIM causes severe replication stress, while its overexpression is common in various types of cancer, providing protection from DNA damage and resistance to chemotherapy. Although TIM has mostly been studied for its part in replication stress response, its additional roles in supporting genome stability and a wide variety of other cellular pathways are gradually coming to light. This review discusses the diverse functions of TIM and its orthologs in healthy and cancer cells, open questions, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Vipat
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Tatiana N Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
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4
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Wu X, Zhou X, Wang S, Mao G. DNA damage response(DDR): a link between cellular senescence and human cytomegalovirus. Virol J 2023; 20:250. [PMID: 37915066 PMCID: PMC10621139 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a signaling cascade that is triggered by DNA damage, involving the halting of cell cycle progression and repair. It is a key event leading to senescence, which is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that includes the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that plays an important role in the senescence process. It has been established that DDR is necessary for HCMV to replicate effectively. This paper reviews the relationship between DDR, cellular senescence, and HCMV, providing new sights for virus-induced senescence (VIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Wu
- Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xuqiang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
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5
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Zhang L, Wirth M, Patra U, Stroh J, Isaakidis K, Rieger L, Kossatz S, Milanovic M, Zang C, Demel U, Keiten‐Schmitz J, Wagner K, Steiger K, Rad R, Bassermann F, Müller S, Keller U, Schick M. Actionable loss of SLF2 drives B-cell lymphomagenesis and impairs the DNA damage response. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16431. [PMID: 37485814 PMCID: PMC10493575 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) acts as a barrier to malignant transformation and is often impaired during tumorigenesis. Exploiting the impaired DDR can be a promising therapeutic strategy; however, the mechanisms of inactivation and corresponding biomarkers are incompletely understood. Starting from an unbiased screening approach, we identified the SMC5-SMC6 Complex Localization Factor 2 (SLF2) as a regulator of the DDR and biomarker for a B-cell lymphoma (BCL) patient subgroup with an adverse prognosis. SLF2-deficiency leads to loss of DDR factors including Claspin (CLSPN) and consequently impairs CHK1 activation. In line with this mechanism, genetic deletion of Slf2 drives lymphomagenesis in vivo. Tumor cells lacking SLF2 are characterized by a high level of DNA damage, which leads to alterations of the post-translational SUMOylation pathway as a safeguard. The resulting co-dependency confers synthetic lethality to a clinically applicable SUMOylation inhibitor (SUMOi), and inhibitors of the DDR pathway act highly synergistic with SUMOi. Together, our results identify SLF2 as a DDR regulator and reveal co-targeting of the DDR and SUMOylation as a promising strategy for treating aggressive lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Upayan Patra
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Jacob Stroh
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Konstandina Isaakidis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Leonie Rieger
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Maja Milanovic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Chuanbing Zang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Uta Demel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
- Clinician Scientist ProgramBerlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| | - Jan Keiten‐Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Kristina Wagner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Katja Steiger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of PathologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Roland Rad
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TUM School of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Müller
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe University Frankfurt, Medical SchoolFrankfurtGermany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular MedicineBerlinGermany
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6
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Kang Y, Han YG, Khim KW, Choi WG, Ju MK, Park K, Shin KJ, Chae YC, Choi JH, Kim H, Lee JY. Alteration of replication protein A binding mode on single-stranded DNA by NSMF potentiates RPA phosphorylation by ATR kinase. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7936-7950. [PMID: 37378431 PMCID: PMC10450186 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA), a eukaryotic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, dynamically interacts with ssDNA in different binding modes and plays essential roles in DNA metabolism such as replication, repair, and recombination. RPA accumulation on ssDNA due to replication stress triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) by activating the ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) kinase, which phosphorylates itself and downstream DDR factors, including RPA. We recently reported that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor synaptonuclear signaling and neuronal migration factor (NSMF), a neuronal protein associated with Kallmann syndrome, promotes RPA32 phosphorylation via ATR upon replication stress. However, how NSMF enhances ATR-mediated RPA32 phosphorylation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that NSMF colocalizes and physically interacts with RPA at DNA damage sites in vivo and in vitro. Using purified RPA and NSMF in biochemical and single-molecule assays, we find that NSMF selectively displaces RPA in the more weakly bound 8- and 20-nucleotide binding modes from ssDNA, allowing the retention of more stable RPA molecules in the 30-nt binding mode. The 30-nt binding mode of RPA enhances RPA32 phosphorylation by ATR, and phosphorylated RPA becomes stabilized on ssDNA. Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into how NSMF facilitates the role of RPA in the ATR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Gi Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Woo Khim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Gyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibeom Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Yil Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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7
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Saldanha J, Rageul J, Patel JA, Kim H. The Adaptive Mechanisms and Checkpoint Responses to a Stressed DNA Replication Fork. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10488. [PMID: 37445667 PMCID: PMC10341514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a tightly controlled process that ensures the faithful duplication of the genome. However, DNA damage arising from both endogenous and exogenous assaults gives rise to DNA replication stress associated with replication fork slowing or stalling. Therefore, protecting the stressed fork while prompting its recovery to complete DNA replication is critical for safeguarding genomic integrity and cell survival. Specifically, the plasticity of the replication fork in engaging distinct DNA damage tolerance mechanisms, including fork reversal, repriming, and translesion DNA synthesis, enables cells to overcome a variety of replication obstacles. Furthermore, stretches of single-stranded DNA generated upon fork stalling trigger the activation of the ATR kinase, which coordinates the cellular responses to replication stress by stabilizing the replication fork, promoting DNA repair, and controlling cell cycle and replication origin firing. Deregulation of the ATR checkpoint and aberrant levels of chronic replication stress is a common characteristic of cancer and a point of vulnerability being exploited in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the various adaptive responses of a replication fork to replication stress and the roles of ATR signaling that bring fork stabilization mechanisms together. We also review how this knowledge is being harnessed for the development of checkpoint inhibitors to trigger the replication catastrophe of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Saldanha
- The Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Julie Rageul
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jinal A Patel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- The Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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8
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Patel JA, Kim H. The TIMELESS effort for timely DNA replication and protection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:84. [PMID: 36892674 PMCID: PMC9998586 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate replication of the genome is fundamental to cellular survival and tumor prevention. The DNA replication fork is vulnerable to DNA lesions and damages that impair replisome progression, and improper control over DNA replication stress inevitably causes fork stalling and collapse, a major source of genome instability that fuels tumorigenesis. The integrity of the DNA replication fork is maintained by the fork protection complex (FPC), in which TIMELESS (TIM) constitutes a key scaffold that couples the CMG helicase and replicative polymerase activities, in conjunction with its interaction with other proteins associated with the replication machinery. Loss of TIM or the FPC in general results in impaired fork progression, elevated fork stalling and breakage, and a defect in replication checkpoint activation, thus underscoring its pivotal role in protecting the integrity of both active and stalled replication forks. TIM is upregulated in multiple cancers, which may represent a replication vulnerability of cancer cells that could be exploited for new therapies. Here, we discuss recent advances on our understanding of the multifaceted roles of TIM in DNA replication and stalled fork protection, and how its complex functions are engaged in collaboration with other genome surveillance and maintenance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal A Patel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Basic Sciences Tower 8-125, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Basic Sciences Tower 8-125, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Basic Sciences Tower 8-125, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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9
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Wong GCN, Chow KHM. DNA Damage Response-Associated Cell Cycle Re-Entry and Neuronal Senescence in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S429-S451. [PMID: 35848025 PMCID: PMC10473156 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronological aging is by far the strongest risk factor for age-related dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Senescent cells accumulated in the aging and Alzheimer's disease brains are now recognized as the keys to describing such an association. Cellular senescence is a classic phenomenon characterized by stable cell arrest, which is thought to be applicable only to dividing cells. Emerging evidence indicates that fully differentiated post-mitotic neurons are also capable of becoming senescent, with roles in contributing to both brain aging and disease pathogenesis. The key question that arises is the identity of the upstream triggers and the molecular mechanisms that underly such changes. Here, we highlight the potential role of persistent DNA damage response as the major driver of senescent phenotypes and discuss the current evidence and molecular mechanisms that connect DNA repair infidelity, cell cycle re-entry and terminal fate decision in committing neuronal cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genper Chi-Ngai Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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10
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Ahmed S, Alam W, Aschner M, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Saso L, Khan H. Natural products targeting the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113797. [PMID: 36271573 PMCID: PMC9590097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most severe medical conditions in the world, causing millions of deaths each year. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are critical for treatment approaches, but both have numerous adverse health effects. Furthermore, the resistance of cancerous cells to anticancer medication leads to treatment failure. The rising burden of cancer requires novel efficacious treatment modalities. Natural remedies offer feasible alternative options against malignancy in contrast to available synthetic medication. Selective killing of cancer cells is privileged mainstream in cancer treatment, and targeted therapy represents the new tool with the potential to pursue this aim. The discovery of innovative therapies targeting essential components of DNA damage signaling and repair pathways such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related Checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-CHK1)has offered a possibility of significant therapeutic improvement in oncology. The activation and inhibition of this pathway account for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity, respectively. Targeting this pathway can also aid to overcome the resistance of conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. This review enlightens the anticancer role of natural products by ATR-CHK1 activation and inhibition. Additionally, these compounds have been shown to have chemotherapeutic synergistic potential when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. Ideally, this review will trigger interest in natural products targeting ATR-CHK1 and their potential efficacy and safety as cancer lessening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer"Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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11
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Guerra B, Doktor TK, Frederiksen SB, Somyajit K, Andresen BS. Essential role of CK2α for the interaction and stability of replication fork factors during DNA synthesis and activation of the S-phase checkpoint. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:339. [PMID: 35661926 PMCID: PMC9166893 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR)-CHK1 pathway is the major signalling cascade activated in response to DNA replication stress. This pathway is associated with the core of the DNA replication machinery comprising CDC45, the replicative MCM2-7 hexamer, GINS (altogether forming the CMG complex), primase-polymerase (POLε, -α, and -δ) complex, and additional fork protection factors such as AND-1, CLASPIN (CLSPN), and TIMELESS/TIPIN. In this study, we report that functional protein kinase CK2α is critical for preserving replisome integrity and for mounting S-phase checkpoint signalling. We find that CDC45, CLSPN and MCM7 are novel CK2α interacting partners and these interactions are particularly important for maintenance of stable MCM7-CDC45, ATRIP-ATR-MCM7, and ATR-CLSPN protein complexes. Consistently, cells depleted of CK2α and treated with hydroxyurea display compromised replisome integrity, reduced chromatin binding of checkpoint mediator CLSPN, attenuated ATR-mediated S-phase checkpoint and delayed recovery of stalled forks. In further support of this, differential gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing revealed that down-regulation of CK2α accompanies global shutdown of genes that are implicated in the S-phase checkpoint. These findings add to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in DNA replication by showing that the protein kinase CK2α is essential for maintaining the stability of the replisome machinery and for optimizing ATR-CHK1 signalling activation upon replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Thomas K Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sabrina B Frederiksen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kumar Somyajit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Ravindranathan R, Raveendran K, Papanikos F, San-Segundo P, Tóth A. Chromosomal synapsis defects can trigger oocyte apoptosis without elevating numbers of persistent DNA breaks above wild-type levels. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5617-5634. [PMID: 35580048 PMCID: PMC9177993 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of haploid gametes depends on a modified version of homologous recombination in meiosis. Meiotic recombination is initiated by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends originating from programmed DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) that are generated by the topoisomerase-related SPO11 enzyme. Meiotic recombination involves chromosomal synapsis, which enhances recombination-mediated DSB repair, and thus, crucially contributes to genome maintenance in meiocytes. Synapsis defects induce oocyte apoptosis ostensibly due to unrepaired DSBs that persist in asynaptic chromosomes. In mice, SPO11-deficient oocytes feature asynapsis, apoptosis and, surprisingly, numerous foci of the ssDNA-binding recombinase RAD51, indicative of DSBs of unknown origin. Hence, asynapsis is suggested to trigger apoptosis due to inefficient DSB repair even in mutants that lack programmed DSBs. By directly detecting ssDNAs, we discovered that RAD51 is an unreliable marker for DSBs in oocytes. Further, SPO11-deficient oocytes have fewer persistent ssDNAs than wild-type oocytes. These observations suggest that oocyte quality is safeguarded in mammals by a synapsis surveillance mechanism that can operate without persistent ssDNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravindranathan
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kavya Raveendran
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frantzeskos Papanikos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro A San-Segundo
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Attila Tóth
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 351 458 6467; Fax: +49 351 458 6305;
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13
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Choi SH, Cho K, Kim ES, Yoo HY. Proline-serine-threonine-repeat region of MDC1 mediates Chk1 phosphorylation and the DNA double-strand break repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106152. [PMID: 34974185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MDC1, a mediator of DNA damage response, recruits other repair proteins on double-strand break (DSB) sites. MDC1 is necessary for activating checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2. It is unclear whether Chk1 interacts with MDC1. MDC1 also comprises many discrete domains. The role of the proline-serine-threonine (PST)-repeat domain of MDC1 in the DNA damage response is unclear. Here, we showed that MDC1 directly binds Chk1 through this PST-repeat region. Phosphorylation of Chk1 by ionizing radiation (IR) also required this PST-repeat domain. Degradation of intact MDC1 was accelerated depending on the PST-repeat domain after IR exposure. In the IR damage response, the PST-repeat-deleted MDC1 levels remained elevated with slow degradation. This abnormal regulation of MDC1 was F-box- and WD40 repeat-containing 7 (FBXW7)-dependent. The mutation of lysine 1413 within the PST-repeat of MDC1 deregulated MDC1 with or without damage. K1413R mutant and PST-deleted MDC1 displayed reduced ability to repair the damaged genome post-IR exposure. These results provide that the PST domain of MDC1 is involved in Chk1 and DNA repair activation. The findings suggest new insights into how MDC1 connects the checkpoint and DNA repair in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Kyoungjoo Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Fusion Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
| | - Eun Seon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Hae Yong Yoo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06355, Korea.
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14
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Matos-Rodrigues GE, Martins RAP. An Eye in the Replication Stress Response: Lessons From Tissue-Specific Studies in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731308. [PMID: 34805142 PMCID: PMC8599991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several inherited human syndromes that severely affect organogenesis and other developmental processes are caused by mutations in replication stress response (RSR) genes. Although the molecular machinery of RSR is conserved, disease-causing mutations in RSR-genes may have distinct tissue-specific outcomes, indicating that progenitor cells may differ in their responses to RSR inactivation. Therefore, understanding how different cell types respond to replication stress is crucial to uncover the mechanisms of RSR-related human syndromes. Here, we review the ocular manifestations in RSR-related human syndromes and summarize recent findings investigating the mechanisms of RSR during eye development in vivo. We highlight a remarkable heterogeneity of progenitor cells responses to RSR inactivation and discuss its implications for RSR-related human syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Matos-Rodrigues
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Vazquez-Villasenor I, Garwood CJ, Simpson JE, Heath PR, Mortiboys H, Wharton SB. Persistent DNA damage alters the neuronal transcriptome suggesting cell cycle dysregulation and altered mitochondrial function. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6987-7005. [PMID: 34536321 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage induces changes in the neuronal cell cycle and activates a DNA damage response (DDR) to promote repair, but these processes may be altered under a chronic oxidative environment, leading to the accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage and continued activation of a DDR. Failure to repair DNA damage can lead to apoptosis or senescence, which is characterized by a permanent cell cycle arrest. Increased oxidative stress and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage are features of brain ageing and neurodegeneration, but the effects of persistent DNA damage in neurons are not well characterized. We developed a model of persistent oxidative DNA damage in immortalized post-mitotic neurons in vitro by exposing them to a sublethal concentration of hydrogen peroxide following a 'double stress' protocol and performed a detailed characterization of the neuronal transcriptome using microarray analysis. Persistent DNA damage significantly altered the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DDR and repair mechanisms, and mitochondrial function, suggesting an active DDR response to replication stress and alterations in mitochondrial electron transport chain. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and functional validation experiments confirmed hyperactivation of mitochondrial Complex I in response to persistent DNA damage. These changes in response to persistent oxidative DNA damage may lead to further oxidative stress, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and ultimately neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Laine A, Nagelli SG, Farrington C, Butt U, Cvrljevic AN, Vainonen JP, Feringa FM, Grönroos TJ, Gautam P, Khan S, Sihto H, Qiao X, Pavic K, Connolly DC, Kronqvist P, Elo LL, Maurer J, Wennerberg K, Medema RH, Joensuu H, Peuhu E, de Visser K, Narla G, Westermarck J. CIP2A Interacts with TopBP1 and Drives Basal-Like Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4319-4331. [PMID: 34145035 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are characterized by defects in homologous recombination (HR), deficient mitotic checkpoint, and high-proliferation activity. Here, we discover CIP2A as a candidate driver of BLBC. CIP2A was essential for DNA damage-induced initiation of mouse BLBC-like mammary tumors and for survival of HR-defective BLBC cells. CIP2A was dispensable for normal mammary gland development and for unperturbed mitosis, but selectively essential for mitotic progression of DNA damaged cells. A direct interaction between CIP2A and a DNA repair scaffold protein TopBP1 was identified, and CIP2A inhibition resulted in enhanced DNA damage-induced TopBP1 and RAD51 recruitment to chromatin in mammary epithelial cells. In addition to its role in tumor initiation, and survival of BRCA-deficient cells, CIP2A also drove proliferative MYC and E2F1 signaling in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (BL-TNBC) cells. Clinically, high CIP2A expression was associated with poor patient prognosis in BL-TNBCs but not in other breast cancer subtypes. Small-molecule reactivators of PP2A (SMAP) inhibited CIP2A transcription, phenocopied the CIP2A-deficient DNA damage response (DDR), and inhibited growth of patient-derived BLBC xenograft. In summary, these results demonstrate that CIP2A directly interacts with TopBP1 and coordinates DNA damage-induced mitotic checkpoint and proliferation, thereby driving BLBC initiation and progression. SMAPs could serve as a surrogate therapeutic strategy to inhibit the oncogenic activity of CIP2A in BLBCs. SIGNIFICANCE: These results identify CIP2A as a nongenetic driver and therapeutic target in basal-like breast cancer that regulates DNA damage-induced G2-M checkpoint and proliferative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Laine
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Srikar G Nagelli
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Caroline Farrington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna N Cvrljevic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Femke M Feringa
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- Turku PET Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Sihto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Pavic
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Denise C Connolly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), Aachen, Germany
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rene H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karin de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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17
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer has served as a genetic and biological paradigm for the evolution of solid tumors, and these insights have illuminated early detection, risk stratification, prevention, and treatment principles. Employing the hallmarks of cancer framework, we provide a conceptual framework to understand how genetic alterations in colorectal cancer drive cancer cell biology properties and shape the heterotypic interactions across cells in the tumor microenvironment. This review details research advances pertaining to the genetics and biology of colorectal cancer, emerging concepts gleaned from immune and single-cell profiling, and critical advances and remaining knowledge gaps influencing the development of effective therapies for this cancer that remains a major public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xingdi Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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18
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Jiménez-Salazar JE, Damian-Ferrara R, Arteaga M, Batina N, Damián-Matsumura P. Non-Genomic Actions of Estrogens on the DNA Repair Pathways Are Associated With Chemotherapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631007. [PMID: 33869016 PMCID: PMC8044931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have been implicated in the etiology of breast cancer for a long time. It has been stated that long-term exposure to estrogens is associated with a higher incidence of breast cancer, since estradiol (E2) stimulates breast cell growth; however, its effect on DNA damage/repair is only starting to be investigated. Recent studies have documented that estrogens are able to modify the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms. On the other hand, it has been proposed that DDR machinery can be altered by estrogen signaling pathways, that can be related to cancer progression and chemoresistance. We have demonstrated that E2 promotes c-Src activation and breast cancer cell motility, through a non-genomic pathway. This review discusses scientific evidence supporting this non-genomic mechanism where estrogen modifies the DNA repair pathways, and its relationship to potential causes of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Jiménez-Salazar
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Division of Biological Sciences and Health (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Damian-Ferrara
- Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM), School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Division of Biological Sciences and Health (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nikola Batina
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Division of Basic Science and Engineering (DCBI), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Damián-Matsumura
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Division of Biological Sciences and Health (DCBS), Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Frattini C, Promonet A, Alghoul E, Vidal-Eychenie S, Lamarque M, Blanchard MP, Urbach S, Basbous J, Constantinou A. TopBP1 assembles nuclear condensates to switch on ATR signaling. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1231-1245.e8. [PMID: 33503405 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATR checkpoint signaling is crucial for cellular responses to DNA replication impediments. Using an optogenetic platform, we show that TopBP1, the main activator of ATR, self-assembles extensively to yield micrometer-sized condensates. These opto-TopBP1 condensates are functional entities organized in tightly packed clusters of spherical nano-particles. TopBP1 condensates are reversible, occasionally fuse, and co-localize with TopBP1 partner proteins. We provide evidence that TopBP1 condensation is a molecular switch that amplifies ATR activity to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and slow down replication forks. Single amino acid substitutions of key residues in the intrinsically disordered ATR activation domain disrupt TopBP1 condensation and consequently ATR/Chk1 signaling. In physiologic salt concentration and pH, purified TopBP1 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro. We propose that the actuation mechanism of ATR signaling is the assembly of TopBP1 condensates driven by highly regulated multivalent and cooperative interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Frattini
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexy Promonet
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emile Alghoul
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie Lamarque
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jihane Basbous
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Angelos Constantinou
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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20
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Ackerson SM, Gable CI, Stewart JA. Human CTC1 promotes TopBP1 stability and CHK1 phosphorylation in response to telomere dysfunction and global replication stress. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3491-3507. [PMID: 33269665 PMCID: PMC7781613 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1849979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a heterotrimeric, RPA-like complex that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and functions in the replication of telomeric and non-telomeric DNA. Previous studies demonstrated that deletion of CTC1 results in decreased cell proliferation and telomere DNA damage signaling. However, a detailed analysis of the consequences of conditional CTC1 knockout (KO) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of CTC1 KO on cell cycle progression, genome-wide replication and activation of the DNA damage response. Consistent with previous findings, we demonstrate that CTC1 KO results in decreased cell proliferation, G2 arrest and RPA-bound telomeric ssDNA. However, despite the increased levels of telomeric RPA-ssDNA, global ATR-dependent CHK1 and p53 phosphorylation was not detected in CTC1 KO cells. Nevertheless, we show that RPA-ssDNA does activate ATR, leading to the phosphorylation of RPA and autophosphorylation of ATR. Further analysis determined that inactivation of ATR, but not CHK1 or ATM, suppressed the accumulation of G2 arrested cells and phosphorylated RPA following CTC1 removal. These results suggest that ATR is localized and active at telomeres but is unable to elicit a global checkpoint response through CHK1. Furthermore, CTC1 KO inhibited CHK1 phosphorylation following hydroxyurea-induced replication stress. Additional studies revealed that this suppression of CHK1 phosphorylation, following replication stress, is caused by decreased levels of the ATR activator TopBP1. Overall, our results identify CST as a novel regulator of the ATR-CHK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline I. Gable
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jason A. Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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21
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Cassidy KB, Bang S, Kurokawa M, Gerber SA. Direct regulation of Chk1 protein stability by E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1. FEBS J 2020; 287:1985-1999. [PMID: 31713291 PMCID: PMC7226928 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 is required for a wide array of important functions in cell biology. Although HUWE1 is known to play a role in DNA damage signaling, the mechanism(s) that underlie this function remain elusive. HUWE1 regulates effectors of DNA replication and genotoxic stress tolerance. However, the loss of HUWE1 can also result in the accrual of significant endogenous DNA damage due to insufficient remediation of replication stress induced by an overabundance of key substrates. We discovered that HUWE1 depletion leads to a significant increase in levels of the single-strand break effector kinase Chk1, independent of the DNA damage response, activation of apical DNA damage repair (DDR) signaling kinases (ATM and ATR), and the tumor suppressor p53. We also identified multiple lysine residues on Chk1 that are polyubiquitinated by HUWE1 in vitro, many of which are within the kinase domain. HUWE1 knockdown also markedly prolonged the protein half-life of Chk1 in steady-state conditions and resulted in greater stabilization of Chk1 protein than depletion of Cul4A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase previously described to control Chk1 abundance. Moreover, prolonged replication stress induced by hydroxyurea or camptothecin resulted in a reduction of Chk1 protein levels, which was rescued by HUWE1 knockdown. Our study indicates that HUWE1 plays a significant role in the regulation of the DDR signaling pathway by directly modulating the abundance of Chk1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn B. Cassidy
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Scott Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
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22
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Ding L, Madamsetty VS, Kiers S, Alekhina O, Ugolkov A, Dube J, Zhang Y, Zhang JS, Wang E, Dutta SK, Schmitt DM, Giles FJ, Kozikowski AP, Mazar AP, Mukhopadhyay D, Billadeau DD. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by Abrogating the TopBP1/ATR-Mediated DNA Damage Response. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6452-6462. [PMID: 31533931 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a predominantly fatal common malignancy with inadequate treatment options. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is an emerging target in human malignancies including PDAC.Experimental Design: Pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts were treated with a novel GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Activation of the DNA damage response pathway and S-phase arrest induced by gemcitabine were assessed in pancreatic tumor cells with pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA depletion of GSK-3 kinases by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS 9-ING-41 treatment significantly increased pancreatic tumor cell killing when combined with chemotherapy. Inhibition of GSK-3 by 9-ING-41 prevented gemcitabine-induced S-phase arrest suggesting an impact on the ATR-mediated DNA damage response. Both 9-ING-41 and siRNA depletion of GSK-3 kinases impaired the activation of ATR leading to the phosphorylation and activation of Chk1. Mechanistically, depletion or knockdown of GSK-3 kinases resulted in the degradation of the ATR-interacting protein TopBP1, thus limiting the activation of ATR in response to single-strand DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS These data identify a previously unknown role for GSK-3 kinases in the regulation of the TopBP1/ATR/Chk1 DNA damage response pathway. The data also support the inclusion of patients with PDAC in clinical studies of 9-ING-41 alone and in combination with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vijay S Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Spencer Kiers
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Olga Alekhina
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - John Dube
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel D Billadeau
- The Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Lanz MC, Dibitetto D, Smolka MB. DNA damage kinase signaling: checkpoint and repair at 30 years. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101801. [PMID: 31393028 PMCID: PMC6745504 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to mammalian cells, damaged DNA is sensed and targeted by DNA repair pathways. In eukaryotes, kinases play a central role in coordinating the DNA damage response. DNA damage signaling kinases were identified over two decades ago and linked to the cell cycle checkpoint concept proposed by Weinert and Hartwell in 1988. Connections between the DNA damage signaling kinases and DNA repair were scant at first, and the initial perception was that the importance of these kinases for genome integrity was largely an indirect effect of their roles in checkpoints, DNA replication, and transcription. As more substrates of DNA damage signaling kinases were identified, it became clear that they directly regulate a wide range of DNA repair factors. Here, we review our current understanding of DNA damage signaling kinases, delineating the key substrates in budding yeast and humans. We trace the progress of the field in the last 30 years and discuss our current understanding of the major substrate regulatory mechanisms involved in checkpoint responses and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Charles Lanz
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsWeill Institute for Cell and Molecular BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Diego Dibitetto
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsWeill Institute for Cell and Molecular BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Marcus Bustamante Smolka
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsWeill Institute for Cell and Molecular BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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24
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Rozpędek W, Pytel D, Nowak-Zduńczyk A, Lewko D, Wojtczak R, Diehl JA, Majsterek I. Breaking the DNA Damage Response via Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitors to Improve Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1425-1445. [PMID: 29345572 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180117102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple, both endogenous and exogenous, sources may induce DNA damage and DNA replication stress. Cells have developed DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathways to maintain genomic stability and effectively detect and repair DNA lesions. Serine/ threonine kinases such as Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-Related (ATR) are the major regulators of DDR, since after sensing stalled DNA replication forks, DNA double- or single-strand breaks, may directly phosphorylate and activate their downstream targets, that play a key role in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, key components of DDR signaling networks may constitute an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy through two distinct potential approaches: as chemoand radiosensitizers to enhance the effectiveness of currently used genotoxic treatment or as single agents to exploit defects in DDR in cancer cells via synthetic lethal approach. Moreover, the newest data reported that serine/threonine protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is also closely associated with cancer development and progression. Thereby, utilization of small-molecule, serine/threonine kinase inhibitors may provide a novel, groundbreaking, anti-cancer treatment strategy. Currently, a range of potent, highlyselective toward ATM, ATR and PERK inhibitors has been discovered, but after foregoing study, additional investigations are necessary for their future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rozpędek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Military-Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Alicja Nowak-Zduńczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Military-Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dawid Lewko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Military-Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Wojtczak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Military-Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Military-Medical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Bigot N, Day M, Baldock RA, Watts FZ, Oliver AW, Pearl LH. Phosphorylation-mediated interactions with TOPBP1 couple 53BP1 and 9-1-1 to control the G1 DNA damage checkpoint. eLife 2019; 8:e44353. [PMID: 31135337 PMCID: PMC6561707 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of the cellular response to DNA damage is organised by multi-domain 'scaffold' proteins, including 53BP1 and TOPBP1, which recognise post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitylation on other proteins, and are themselves carriers of such regulatory signals. Here we show that the DNA damage checkpoint regulating S-phase entry is controlled by a phosphorylation-dependent interaction of 53BP1 and TOPBP1. BRCT domains of TOPBP1 selectively bind conserved phosphorylation sites in the N-terminus of 53BP1. Mutation of these sites does not affect formation of 53BP1 or ATM foci following DNA damage, but abolishes recruitment of TOPBP1, ATR and CHK1 to 53BP1 damage foci, abrogating cell cycle arrest and permitting progression into S-phase. TOPBP1 interaction with 53BP1 is structurally complimentary to its interaction with RAD9-RAD1-HUS1, allowing these damage recognition factors to bind simultaneously to the same TOPBP1 molecule and cooperate in ATR activation in the G1 DNA damage checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bigot
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Day
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert A Baldock
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Felicity Z Watts
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Antony W Oliver
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
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26
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Bourgeois A, Bonnet S, Breuils-Bonnet S, Habbout K, Paradis R, Tremblay E, Lampron MC, Orcholski ME, Potus F, Bertero T, Peterlini T, Chan SY, Norris KA, Paulin R, Provencher S, Boucherat O. Inhibition of CHK 1 (Checkpoint Kinase 1) Elicits Therapeutic Effects in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1667-1681. [PMID: 31092016 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease associated with progressive vascular remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries leading to elevation of pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and death. Although presenting high levels of DNA damage that normally jeopardize their viability, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from patients with PAH exhibit a cancer-like proproliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype accounting for vascular lumen obliteration. In cancer cells, overexpression of the serine/threonine-protein kinase CHK1 (checkpoint kinase 1) is exploited to counteract the excess of DNA damage insults they are exposed to. This study aimed to determine whether PAH-PASMCs have developed an orchestrated response mediated by CHK1 to overcome DNA damage, allowing cell survival and proliferation. Approach and Results: We demonstrated that CHK1 expression is markedly increased in isolated PASMCs and distal PAs from patients with PAH compared with controls, as well as in multiple complementary animal models recapitulating the disease, including monocrotaline rats and the simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. Using a pharmacological and molecular loss of function approach, we showed that CHK1 promotes PAH-PASMCs proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. In addition, we found that inhibition of CHK1 induces downregulation of the DNA repair protein RAD 51 and severe DNA damage. In vivo, we provided evidence that pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 significantly reduces vascular remodeling and improves hemodynamic parameters in 2 experimental rat models of PAH. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that CHK1 exerts a proproliferative function in PAH-PASMCs by mitigating DNA damage and suggest that CHK1 inhibition may, therefore, represent an attractive therapeutic option for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bourgeois
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.).,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada (S.P., O.B., S.B.)
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Karima Habbout
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Renée Paradis
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Eve Tremblay
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Marie-Claude Lampron
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Mark E Orcholski
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Francois Potus
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Thomas Bertero
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), University Côte d'Azur, France (T.B.)
| | - Thibaut Peterlini
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (S.Y.C.)
| | - Karen A Norris
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens (K.A.N.)
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.).,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada (S.P., O.B., S.B.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- From the Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada (A.B., S.B., S.B-B., K.H., R.P., E.T., M.C.L., M.E.O., F.P., T.P., R.P., S.P., O.B.).,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, QC, Canada (S.P., O.B., S.B.)
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27
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Bianco JN, Bergoglio V, Lin YL, Pillaire MJ, Schmitz AL, Gilhodes J, Lusque A, Mazières J, Lacroix-Triki M, Roumeliotis TI, Choudhary J, Moreaux J, Hoffmann JS, Tourrière H, Pasero P. Overexpression of Claspin and Timeless protects cancer cells from replication stress in a checkpoint-independent manner. Nat Commun 2019; 10:910. [PMID: 30796221 PMCID: PMC6385232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replication stress (RS) promotes cancer development but also impedes tumor growth by activating anti-cancer barriers. To determine how cancer cells adapt to RS, we have monitored the expression of different components of the ATR-CHK1 pathway in primary tumor samples. We show that unlike upstream components of the pathway, the checkpoint mediators Claspin and Timeless are overexpressed in a coordinated manner. Remarkably, reducing the levels of Claspin and Timeless in HCT116 cells to pretumoral levels impeded fork progression without affecting checkpoint signaling. These data indicate that high level of Claspin and Timeless increase RS tolerance by protecting replication forks in cancer cells. Moreover, we report that primary fibroblasts adapt to oncogene-induced RS by spontaneously overexpressing Claspin and Timeless, independently of ATR signaling. Altogether, these data indicate that enhanced levels of Claspin and Timeless represent a gain of function that protects cancer cells from of oncogene-induced RS in a checkpoint-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien N Bianco
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 34396, Montpellier, France.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Valérie Bergoglio
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse 3, 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Pillaire
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse 3, 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Lyne Schmitz
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Clinical trials Office - Biostatistics Unit, Institute Claudius Regaud, Institute Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Amelie Lusque
- Clinical trials Office - Biostatistics Unit, Institute Claudius Regaud, Institute Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Mazières
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, University Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse 3, 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Tourrière
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 34396, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 34396, Montpellier, France.
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28
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Abe H, Alavattam KG, Kato Y, Castrillon DH, Pang Q, Andreassen PR, Namekawa SH. CHEK1 coordinates DNA damage signaling and meiotic progression in the male germline of mice. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1136-1149. [PMID: 29360988 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuity of life depends on mechanisms in the germline that ensure the integrity of the genome. The DNA damage response/checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR are essential signaling factors in the germline. However, it remains unknown how a downstream transducer, Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHEK1 or CHK1), mediates signaling in the male germline. Here, we show that CHEK1 has distinct functions in both the mitotic and meiotic phases of the male germline in mice. In the mitotic phase, CHEK1 is required for the resumption of prospermatogonia proliferation after birth and the maintenance of spermatogonia. In the meiotic phase, we uncovered two functions for CHEK1: one is the stage-specific attenuation of DNA damage signaling on autosomes, and the other is coordination of meiotic stage progression. On autosomes, the loss of CHEK1 delays the removal of DNA damage signaling that manifests as phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX). Importantly, CHEK1 does not have a direct function in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), an essential event in male meiosis, in which ATR is a key regulator. Thus, the functions of ATR and CHEK1 are uncoupled in MSCI, in contrast to their roles in DNA damage signaling in somatic cells. Our study reveals stage-specific functions for CHEK1 that ensure the integrity of the male germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Abe
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kris G Alavattam
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yasuko Kato
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qishen Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paul R Andreassen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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29
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Ito F, Yoshimoto C, Yamada Y, Sudo T, Kobayashi H. The HNF-1β-USP28-Claspin pathway upregulates DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17512-17522. [PMID: 29707125 PMCID: PMC5915133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF-1β) enhances checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation and promotes G2/M cell cycle progression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) following exposure to diverse genotoxic agents including bleomycin. However, the underlying mechanism leading to checkpoint activation of HNF-1β still remains largely unknown. To clarify the effects of HNF-1β on cell cycle checkpoints, human CCC cell lines were transfected with siRNAs targeting HNF-1β, Claspin, USP28, or a control vector. Ubiquitination and stabilization of Claspin protein by HNF-1β was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Loss-of-function studies using RNAi-mediated gene silencing indicated that HNF-1β facilitated the Claspin expression after treatment with a genotoxic agent bleomycin, resulting in accumulation of phosphorylated Chk1 (p-Chk1) and promotion of survival in CCC cell lines. This study showed for the first time that USP28, a de-ubiquitinase crucial for Claspin expression, is one target gene of HNF-1β. Knockdown of endogenous USP28 suppressed the Claspin expression and p-Chk1 activation and cell viability. Our findings identify a novel pathway of the HNF-1β-USP28-Claspin-Chk1 axis in checkpoint signal amplification in response to DNA damage. Targeting this pathway may represent a putative, novel, anticancer strategy in ovarian CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sudo
- Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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30
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DNA damage response protein TOPBP1 regulates X chromosome silencing in the mammalian germ line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12536-12541. [PMID: 29114052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712530114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic synapsis and recombination between homologs permits the formation of cross-overs that are essential for generating chromosomally balanced sperm and eggs. In mammals, surveillance mechanisms eliminate meiotic cells with defective synapsis, thereby minimizing transmission of aneuploidy. One such surveillance mechanism is meiotic silencing, the inactivation of genes located on asynapsed chromosomes, via ATR-dependent serine-139 phosphorylation of histone H2AFX (γH2AFX). Stimulation of ATR activity requires direct interaction with an ATR activation domain (AAD)-containing partner. However, which partner facilitates the meiotic silencing properties of ATR is unknown. Focusing on the best-characterized example of meiotic silencing, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, we reveal this AAD-containing partner to be the DNA damage and checkpoint protein TOPBP1. Conditional TOPBP1 deletion during pachynema causes germ cell elimination associated with defective X chromosome gene silencing and sex chromosome condensation. TOPBP1 is essential for localization to the X chromosome of silencing "sensors," including BRCA1, and effectors, including ATR, γH2AFX, and canonical repressive histone marks. We present evidence that persistent DNA double-strand breaks act as silencing initiation sites. Our study identifies TOPBP1 as a critical factor in meiotic sex chromosome silencing.
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31
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Bournique E, Dall'Osto M, Hoffmann JS, Bergoglio V. Role of specialized DNA polymerases in the limitation of replicative stress and DNA damage transmission. Mutat Res 2017; 808:62-73. [PMID: 28843435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress is a strong and early driving force for genomic instability and tumor development. Beside replicative DNA polymerases, an emerging group of specialized DNA polymerases is involved in the technical assistance of the replication machinery in order to prevent replicative stress and its deleterious consequences. During S-phase, altered progression of the replication fork by endogenous or exogenous impediments induces replicative stress, causing cells to reach mitosis with genomic regions not fully duplicated. Recently, specific mechanisms to resolve replication intermediates during mitosis with the aim of limiting DNA damage transmission to daughter cells have been identified. In this review, we detail the two major actions of specialized DNA polymerases that limit DNA damage transmission: the prevention of replicative stress by non-B DNA replication and the recovery of stalled replication forks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bournique
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Dall'Osto
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bergoglio
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse, France.
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A novel function of hepatocyte growth factor in the activation of checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation in colon cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:29-38. [PMID: 28573382 PMCID: PMC5674134 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ATR/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway plays an essential role in modulating the DNA damage response and homologous recombination. Particularly, Chk1 phosphorylation is related to cancer prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Some receptor tyrosine kinases participate in the regulation of Chk1 phosphorylation; however, the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on Chk1 phosphorylation is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that HGF moderately activated Chk1 phosphorylation in colon cancer cells by upregulating TopBP1 and RAD51, and promoting TopBP1–ATR complex formation. Furthermore, AKT activity, which was promoted by HGF, served as an important mediator linking HGF/MET signaling and Chk1 phosphorylation. Depleting AKT activity attenuated basal expression of p-Chk1 and HGF-induced Chk1 activation. Moreover, AKT activity directly regulated TopBP1 and RAD51 expression. AKT inhibition suppressed HGF-induced upregulation of TopBP1 and RAD51, and enhanced TopBP1/ATR complex formation. Our results show that HGF was involved in regulating Chk1 phosphorylation, and further demonstrate that AKT activity was responsible for this HGF-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. These findings might potentially result in management of prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in cancer therapy.
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Targeting the ATR-CHK1 Axis in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050041. [PMID: 28448462 PMCID: PMC5447951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is a new therapeutic approach in cancer that shows great promise for tumour selectivity. Key components of the DDR are the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) kinases. This review article describes the role of ATR and its major downstream target, CHK1, in the DDR and why cancer cells are particularly reliant on the ATR-CHK1 pathway, providing the rationale for targeting these kinases, and validation of this hypothesis by genetic manipulation. The recent development of specific inhibitors and preclinical data using these inhibitors not only as chemosensitisers and radiosensitisers but also as single agents to exploit specific pathologies of tumour cells is described. These potent and specific inhibitors have now entered clinical trial and early results are presented.
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Choi SH, Park JH, Nguyen TTN, Shim HJ, Song YH. Initiation of Drosophila chorion gene amplification requires Claspin and mus101, whereas Claspin, but not mus101, plays a major role during elongation. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:466-474. [PMID: 28294450 PMCID: PMC5435936 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claspin and TopBP1 are checkpoint mediators that are required for the phosphorylation of Chk1 by ATR to maintain genomic stability. Here, we investigated the functions of Drosophila Claspin and mus101 (TopBP1 ortholog) during chorion (eggshell component) gene amplification, which occurs in follicle cells in the absence of global genomic DNA replication. RESULTS Unlike Drosophila mei-41 (ATR ortholog) mutant embryos, Claspin and mus101 mutant embryos showed severe eggshell defects resulting from defects in chorion gene amplification. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation assay during initiation and elongation stages revealed that Claspin and mus101 were required for initiation, while only Claspin had a major role in the efficient progression of the replication forks. Claspin proteins were enriched in the amplification foci both in the initiation and elongation stage-follicle cell nuclei in a mei-41-independent manner. The focal localization of ORC2, a component of the origin recognition complex, was not significantly affected in the Claspin mutant, whereas it was reduced in the mus101 mutant. CONCLUSIONS Drosophila Claspin plays a major role in the initiation and elongation stages of chorion gene amplification by localizing to the amplification foci in a mei-41-independent manner. Drosophila mus101 is also involved in chorion gene amplification, mostly functioning in initiation, rather than elongation. Developmental Dynamics 246:466-474, 2016. © 2017 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tram Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Shim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Han Song
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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The Intra-S Checkpoint Responses to DNA Damage. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020074. [PMID: 28218681 PMCID: PMC5333063 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful duplication of the genome is a challenge because DNA is susceptible to damage by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxins, such as free radicals and UV light. Cells activate the intra-S checkpoint in response to damage during S phase to protect genomic integrity and ensure replication fidelity. The checkpoint prevents genomic instability mainly by regulating origin firing, fork progression, and transcription of G1/S genes in response to DNA damage. Several studies hint that regulation of forks is perhaps the most critical function of the intra-S checkpoint. However, the exact role of the checkpoint at replication forks has remained elusive and controversial. Is the checkpoint required for fork stability, or fork restart, or to prevent fork reversal or fork collapse, or activate repair at replication forks? What are the factors that the checkpoint targets at stalled replication forks? In this review, we will discuss the various pathways activated by the intra-S checkpoint in response to damage to prevent genomic instability.
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Hewitt G, Korolchuk VI. Repair, Reuse, Recycle: The Expanding Role of Autophagy in Genome Maintenance. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:340-351. [PMID: 28011061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
(Macro)Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that delivers excess, aggregated, or damaged proteins and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is activated in response to numerous cellular stressors such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low levels of cellular nutrients as well as DNA damage. Although autophagy occurs in the cytoplasm, its inhibition leads to accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability. In the past few years, our understanding of the interplay between autophagy and genomic stability has greatly increased. In this review we summarize these recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms linking autophagy to DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Hewitt
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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McGarry E, Gaboriau D, Rainey MD, Restuccia U, Bachi A, Santocanale C. The Deubiquitinase USP9X Maintains DNA Replication Fork Stability and DNA Damage Checkpoint Responses by Regulating CLASPIN during S-Phase. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2384-93. [PMID: 26921344 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of the multiple processes underlying DNA replication is key for maintaining genome stability and preventing tumorigenesis. CLASPIN, a critical player in replication fork stabilization and checkpoint responses, must be tightly regulated during the cell cycle to prevent the accumulation of DNA damage. In this study, we used a quantitative proteomics approach and identified USP9X as a novel CLASPIN-interacting protein. USP9X is a deubiquitinase involved in multiple signaling and survival pathways whose tumor suppressor or oncogenic activity is highly context dependent. We found that USP9X regulated the expression and stability of CLASPIN in an S-phase-specific manner. USP9X depletion profoundly impairs the progression of DNA replication forks, causing unscheduled termination events with a frequency similar to CLASPIN depletion, resulting in excessive endogenous DNA damage. Importantly, restoration of CLASPIN expression in USP9X-depleted cells partially suppressed the accumulation of DNA damage. Furthermore, USP9X depletion compromised CHK1 activation in response to hydroxyurea and UV, thus promoting hypersensitivity to drug-induced replication stress. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role for USP9X in the maintenance of genomic stability during DNA replication and provide potential mechanistic insights into its tumor suppressor role in certain malignancies. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2384-93. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel McGarry
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Gaboriau
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael D Rainey
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Li Z, Pearlman AH, Hsieh P. DNA mismatch repair and the DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 38:94-101. [PMID: 26704428 PMCID: PMC4740233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the role of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in the DNA damage response (DDR) that triggers cell cycle arrest and, in some cases, apoptosis. Although the focus is on findings from mammalian cells, much has been learned from studies in other organisms including bacteria and yeast [1,2]. MMR promotes a DDR mediated by a key signaling kinase, ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), in response to various types of DNA damage including some encountered in widely used chemotherapy regimes. An introduction to the DDR mediated by ATR reveals its immense complexity and highlights the many biological and mechanistic questions that remain. Recent findings and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdao Li
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 5 Rm. 324, 5 Memorial Dr. MSC 0538, Bethesda, MD 20892-0538, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 5 Rm. 324, 5 Memorial Dr. MSC 0538, Bethesda, MD 20892-0538, USA
| | - Peggy Hsieh
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 5 Rm. 324, 5 Memorial Dr. MSC 0538, Bethesda, MD 20892-0538, USA.
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Masuda T, Xu X, Dimitriadis EK, Lahusen T, Deng CX. "DNA Binding Region" of BRCA1 Affects Genetic Stability through modulating the Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:133-43. [PMID: 26884712 PMCID: PMC4737671 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) contains 3 domains: an N-terminal RING domain with ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, C-terminal BRCT protein interaction domain and a central region. RING and BRCT domains are well characterized, yet the function of the central region remains unclear. In this study, we identified an essential DNA binding region (DBR: 421-701 amino acids) within the central region of human BRCA1, and found that BRCA1 brings DNA together and preferably binds to splayed-arm DNA in a sequence-independent manner. To investigate the biological role of the DBR, we generated mouse ES cells, which lack the DBR (ΔDBR) by using the TALEN method. The ΔDBR cells exhibited decreased survival as compared to the wild type (WT) cells treated with a PARP inhibitor, however they have an intact ability to conduct DNA repair mediated by homologous recombination (HR). The ΔDBR cells continued to incorporate more EdU in the presence of hydroxyurea (HU), which causes replication stress and exhibited reduced viability than the WT cells. Moreover, phosphorylation of CHK1, which regulates the intra-S phase checkpoint, was moderately decreased in ΔDBR cells. These data suggest that DNA binding by BRCA1 affects the stability of DNA replication folks, resulting in weakened intra-S-phase checkpoint control in the ΔDBR cells. The ΔDBR cells also exhibited an increased number of abnormal chromosome structures as compared with WT cells, indicating that the ΔDBR cells have increased genetic instability. Thus, we demonstrated that the DBR of BRCA1 modulates genetic stability through the intra-S-phase checkpoint activated by replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Masuda
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Emilios K Dimitriadis
- 3. Laboratory of Bioengineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Tyler Lahusen
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA.; 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Chk1 Activation Protects Rad9A from Degradation as Part of a Positive Feedback Loop during Checkpoint Signalling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144434. [PMID: 26658951 PMCID: PMC4676731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of Rad9A at S387 is critical for establishing a physical interaction with TopBP1, and to downstream activation of Chk1 for checkpoint activation. We have previously demonstrated a phosphorylation of Rad9A that occurs at late time points in cells exposed to genotoxic agents, which is eliminated by either Rad9A overexpression, or conversion of S387 to a non-phosphorylatable analogue. Based on this, we hypothesized that this late Rad9A phosphorylation is part of a feedback loop regulating the checkpoint. Here, we show that Rad9A is hyperphosphorylated and accumulates in cells exposed to bleomycin. Following the removal of bleomycin, Rad9A is polyubiquitinated, and Rad9A protein levels drop, indicating an active degradation process for Rad9A. Chk1 inhibition by UCN-01 or siRNA reduces Rad9A levels in cells synchronized in S-phase or exposed to DNA damage, indicating that Chk1 activation is required for Rad9A stabilization in S-phase and during checkpoint activation. Together, these results demonstrate a positive feedback loop involving Rad9A-dependend activation of Chk1, coupled with Chk1-dependent stabilization of Rad9A that is critical for checkpoint regulation.
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41
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STAT3 Regulates Lytic Activation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. J Virol 2015; 89:11347-55. [PMID: 26339061 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02008-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lytic activation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) from latency is a critical contributor to pathogenesis and progression of KSHV-mediated disease. Development of targeted treatment strategies and improvement of lytic-phase-directed oncolytic therapies, therefore, hinge on gaining a better understanding of latency-to-lytic-phase transition. A key observation in that regard, also common to other herpesviruses, is the partial permissiveness of latently infected cells to lytic-cycle-inducing agents. Here, we address the molecular basis of why only some KSHV-infected cells respond to lytic stimuli. Since cellular signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively active in KSHV-associated cancers, KSHV activates STAT3, and STAT3 has been found to regulate lytic activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells, we asked if STAT3 contributes similarly to the life cycle of KSHV. We found that high levels of STAT3 correlate with the refractory state at the single-cell level under conditions of both spontaneous and induced lytic activation; importantly, STAT3 also regulates lytic susceptibility. Further, knockdown of STAT3 suppresses the cellular transcriptional corepressor Krüppel-associated box domain-associated protein 1 (KAP1; also known as TRIM28), and suppression of KAP1 activates lytic genes, including the viral lytic switch RTA, thereby linking STAT3 via KAP1 to regulation of the balance between lytic and latent cells. These findings, taken together with those from EBV-infected and, more recently, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected cells, cement the contribution of host STAT3 to persistence of herpesviruses and simultaneously reveal an important lead to devise strategies to improve lytic-phase-directed therapies for herpesviruses. IMPORTANCE Lytic activation of the cancer-causing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is vital to its life cycle and causation of disease. Like other herpesviruses, however, a substantial fraction of latently infected cells are resistant to lytic-phase-inducing stimuli. Investigating the molecular basis for this refractory state is essential for understanding how the virus persists and how it causes disease and to guide efforts to improve treatment of KSHV-mediated diseases. We found that, like two other herpesviruses, EBV and HSV-1, KSHV exploits the cellular transcription factor STAT3 to regulate the susceptibility of latently infected cells to lytic triggers. These findings highlight a common STAT3-centered strategy used by herpesviruses to maintain persistence in their hosts while also revealing a key molecule to pursue while devising methods to improve herpesvirus lytic-phase-directed therapies.
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43
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Han SH, Hahm SH, Tran AHV, Chung JH, Hong MK, Paik HD, Kim KS, Han YS. A physical association between the human mutY homolog (hMYH) and DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) regulates Chk1-induced cell cycle arrest in HEK293 cells. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:50. [PMID: 26312135 PMCID: PMC4550056 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) plays an important role in DNA replication and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. The human mutY homolog (hMYH) is a base excision repair DNA glycosylase that excises adenines or 2-hydroxyadenines that are mispaired with guanine or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). hTopBP1 and hMYH were involved in ATR-mediated Chk1 activation, moreover, both of them were associated with ATR and hRad9 which known as checkpoint-involved proteins. Therefore, we investigated whether hTopBP1 interacted with hMYH, and what the function of their interaction is. Results We documented the interaction between hTopBP1 and hMYH and showed that this interaction increased in a hydroxyurea-dependent manner. We also mapped the hMYH-interacting region of hTopBP1 (residues 444–991). In addition, we investigated several cell cycle-related proteins and found that co-knockdown of hTopBP1 and hMYH significantly diminished cell cycle arrest due to compromised checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation. Moreover, we observed that hMYH was essential for the accumulation of hTopBP1 on damaged DNA, where hTopBP1 interacts with hRad9, a component of the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 complex. The accumulation of hTopBP1 on chromatin and its subsequent interaction with hRad9 lead to cell cycle arrest, a process mediated by Chk1 phosphorylation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. Conclusions Our results suggested that hMYH is necessary for the accumulation of hTopBP1 to DNA damage lesion to induce the association of hTopBP1 with 9-1-1 and that the interaction between hMYH and hTopBP1 is essential for Chk1 activation. Therefore, we suggest that the interaction between hMYH and hTopBP1 is crucial for activation of the ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoint. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0042-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Han
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Hahm
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - An Hue Vy Tran
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do 463-836 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ki Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Sun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Sun Han
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea ; College of Global Integrated Studies, Division of Interdisciplinary Studies, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Republic of Korea
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Smits VAJ, Gillespie DA. DNA damage control: regulation and functions of checkpoint kinase 1. FEBS J 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronique A. J. Smits
- Unidad de Investigación; Hospital Universitario de Canarias; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas; Tenerife Spain
| | - David A. Gillespie
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias; Facultad de Medicina; Campus Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de La Laguna; Tenerife Spain
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Gao L, Li D, Ma K, Zhang W, Xu T, Fu C, Jing C, Jia X, Wu S, Sun X, Dong M, Deng M, Chen Y, Zhu W, Peng J, Wan F, Zhou Y, Zon LI, Pan W. TopBP1 Governs Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Survival in Zebrafish Definitive Hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005346. [PMID: 26131719 PMCID: PMC4488437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate definitive hematopoiesis, nascent hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) migrate to and reside in proliferative hematopoietic microenvironment for transitory expansion. In this process, well-established DNA damage response pathways are vital to resolve the replication stress, which is deleterious for genome stability and cell survival. However, the detailed mechanism on the response and repair of the replication stress-induced DNA damage during hematopoietic progenitor expansion remains elusive. Here we report that a novel zebrafish mutantcas003 with nonsense mutation in topbp1 gene encoding topoisomerase II β binding protein 1 (TopBP1) exhibits severe definitive hematopoiesis failure. Homozygous topbp1cas003 mutants manifest reduced number of HSPCs during definitive hematopoietic cell expansion, without affecting the formation and migration of HSPCs. Moreover, HSPCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (an equivalent of the fetal liver in mammals) in topbp1cas003 mutant embryos are more sensitive to hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. Mechanistically, subcellular mislocalization of TopBP1cas003 protein results in ATR/Chk1 activation failure and DNA damage accumulation in HSPCs, and eventually induces the p53-dependent apoptosis of HSPCs. Collectively, this study demonstrates a novel and vital role of TopBP1 in the maintenance of HSPCs genome integrity and survival during hematopoietic progenitor expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changbin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoe Jia
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program, Hematology/Oncology Program at Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Stem Cell Program, Hematology/Oncology Program at Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Weijun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Hao J, de Renty C, Li Y, Xiao H, Kemp MG, Han Z, DePamphilis ML, Zhu W. And-1 coordinates with Claspin for efficient Chk1 activation in response to replication stress. EMBO J 2015; 34:2096-110. [PMID: 26082189 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The replisome is important for DNA replication checkpoint activation, but how specific components of the replisome coordinate with ATR to activate Chk1 in human cells remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that And-1, a replisome component, acts together with ATR to activate Chk1. And-1 is phosphorylated at T826 by ATR following replication stress, and this phosphorylation is required for And-1 to accumulate at the damage sites, where And-1 promotes the interaction between Claspin and Chk1, thereby stimulating efficient Chk1 activation by ATR. Significantly, And-1 binds directly to ssDNA and facilitates the association of Claspin with ssDNA. Furthermore, And-1 associates with replication forks and is required for the recovery of stalled forks. These studies establish a novel ATR-And-1 axis as an important regulator for efficient Chk1 activation and reveal a novel mechanism of how the replisome regulates the replication checkpoint and genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Yongming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haijie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael G Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Zhiyong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Wenge Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
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Hollingworth R, Skalka GL, Stewart GS, Hislop AD, Blackbourn DJ, Grand RJ. Activation of DNA Damage Response Pathways during Lytic Replication of KSHV. Viruses 2015; 7:2908-27. [PMID: 26057167 PMCID: PMC4488719 DOI: 10.3390/v7062752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of several human malignancies. Human tumour viruses such as KSHV are known to interact with the DNA damage response (DDR), the molecular pathways that recognise and repair lesions in cellular DNA. Here it is demonstrated that lytic reactivation of KSHV leads to activation of the ATM and DNA-PK DDR kinases resulting in phosphorylation of multiple downstream substrates. Inhibition of ATM results in the reduction of overall levels of viral replication while inhibition of DNA-PK increases activation of ATM and leads to earlier viral release. There is no activation of the ATR-CHK1 pathway following lytic replication and CHK1 phosphorylation is inhibited at later times during the lytic cycle. Despite evidence of double-strand breaks and phosphorylation of H2AX, 53BP1 foci are not consistently observed in cells containing lytic virus although RPA32 and MRE11 localise to sites of viral DNA synthesis. Activation of the DDR following KSHV lytic reactivation does not result in a G1 cell cycle block and cells are able to proceed to S-phase during the lytic cycle. KSHV appears then to selectively activate DDR pathways, modulate cell cycle progression and recruit DDR proteins to sites of viral replication during the lytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hollingworth
- School of Cancer Sciences, the College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - George L Skalka
- School of Cancer Sciences, the College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Grant S Stewart
- School of Cancer Sciences, the College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Andrew D Hislop
- School of Cancer Sciences, the College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David J Blackbourn
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Roger J Grand
- School of Cancer Sciences, the College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Modulation of DNA damage and repair pathways by human tumour viruses. Viruses 2015; 7:2542-91. [PMID: 26008701 PMCID: PMC4452920 DOI: 10.3390/v7052542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With between 10% and 15% of human cancers attributable to viral infection, there is great interest, from both a scientific and clinical viewpoint, as to how these pathogens modulate host cell functions. Seven human tumour viruses have been identified as being involved in the development of specific malignancies. It has long been known that the introduction of chromosomal aberrations is a common feature of viral infections. Intensive research over the past two decades has subsequently revealed that viruses specifically interact with cellular mechanisms responsible for the recognition and repair of DNA lesions, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR). These interactions can involve activation and deactivation of individual DDR pathways as well as the recruitment of specific proteins to sites of viral replication. Since the DDR has evolved to protect the genome from the accumulation of deleterious mutations, deregulation is inevitably associated with an increased risk of tumour formation. This review summarises the current literature regarding the complex relationship between known human tumour viruses and the DDR and aims to shed light on how these interactions can contribute to genomic instability and ultimately the development of human cancers.
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Alfano L, Costa C, Caporaso A, Altieri A, Indovina P, Macaluso M, Giordano A, Pentimalli F. NONO regulates the intra-S-phase checkpoint in response to UV radiation. Oncogene 2015; 35:567-76. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kanginakudru S, DeSmet M, Thomas Y, Morgan IM, Androphy EJ. Levels of the E2 interacting protein TopBP1 modulate papillomavirus maintenance stage replication. Virology 2015; 478:129-35. [PMID: 25666521 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved DNA topoisomerase II beta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) functions in DNA replication, DNA damage response, and cell survival. We analyzed the role of TopBP1 in human and bovine papillomavirus genome replication. Consistent with prior reports, TopBP1 co-localized in discrete nuclear foci and was in complex with papillomavirus E2 protein. Similar to E2, TopBP1 is recruited to the region of the viral origin of replication during G1/S and early S phase. TopBP1 knockdown increased, while over-expression decreased transient virus replication, without affecting cell cycle. Similarly, using cell lines harboring HPV-16 or HPV-31 genome, TopBP1 knockdown increased while over-expression reduced viral copy number relative to genomic DNA. We propose a model in which TopBP1 serves dual roles in viral replication: it is essential for initiation of replication yet it restricts viral copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriramana Kanginakudru
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Marsha DeSmet
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yanique Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Iain M Morgan
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Elliot J Androphy
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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