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Pan Y, Wu W, Jiang X, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: From mechanisms to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114817. [PMID: 37141733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) remain an intractable problem and have high morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as substantial health and economic burdens, representing an urgent clinical need. In recent years, the focus of research has shifted from the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for transplantation to the use of their secretory exosomes (MSC-exosomes) for the treatment of numerous CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), aneurysm, and stroke. MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation pathways that exert pleiotropic effects by producing soluble factors, the most effective components of which are exosomes. MSC-exosomes are considered to be an excellent and promising cell-free therapy for CVDs due to their higher circulating stability, improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and immunogenicity. In addition, exosomes play critical roles in repairing CVDs by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating inflammation, ameliorating cardiac remodeling, and promoting angiogenesis. Herein, we describe knowledge about the biological characteristics of MSC-exosomes, investigate the mechanism by which MSC-exosomes mediate therapeutic repair, and summarize recent advances in the efficacy of MSC-exosomes in CVDs, with a view toward future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China.
| | - Weipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
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2
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Wang T, Zhou LY, Li XM, Liu F, Liang L, Chen XZ, Ju J, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Liu CY, Yan KW, Wang K. ABRO1 arrests cardiomyocyte proliferation and myocardial repair by suppressing PSPH. Mol Ther 2023; 31:847-865. [PMID: 36639869 PMCID: PMC10014284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Abraxas 2 (ABRO1 or KIAA0157), a component of the lysine63-linked deubiquitinating system, in the cardiomyocyte proliferation and myocardial regeneration is unknown. Here, we found that ABRO1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration in the postnatal heart by targeting METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of Psph mRNA. The deletion of ABRO1 increased cardiomyocyte proliferation in hearts and restored the heart function after myocardial injury. On the contrary, ABRO1 overexpression significantly inhibited the neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration in mouse hearts. The mechanism by which ABRO1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation mainly involved METTL3-mediated Psph mRNA methylation and CDK2 phosphorylation. In the early postnatal period, METTL3-dependent m6A methylation promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by hypermethylation of Psph mRNA and upregulating PSPH expression. PSPH dephosphorylates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a positive regulator of cell cycle, at Thr14/Tyr15 and increases its activity. Upregulation of ABRO1 restricts METTL3 activity and halts the cardiomyocyte proliferation in the postnatal hearts. Thus, our study reveals that ABRO1 is an essential contributor in the cell cycle withdrawal and attenuation of proliferative response in the postnatal cardiomyocytes and could act as a potential target to accelerate cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, and Department of Anatomy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xin-Zhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jie Ju
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cui-Yun Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Kao-Wen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, China.
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3
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A double-edged sword: role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:313-325. [PMID: 36652128 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) acts as a potent and multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis, which is mainly expressed in postmitotic cells, including cardiomyocytes. ARC is special for its N-terminal caspase recruitment domain and caspase recruitment domain. Due to the powerful inhibition of apoptosis, ARC is mainly reported to act as a cardioprotective factor during ischaemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury, preventing cardiomyocytes from being devastated by various catastrophes, including oxidative stress, calcium overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the circulatory system. However, recent studies have found that ARC also plays a potential regulatory role in tumorigenesis especially in colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinomas, through multiple apoptosis-associated pathways, which remains to be explored in further studies. Therefore, ARC regulates the body and maintains the balance of physiological activities with its interesting duplex. This review summarizes the current research progress of ARC in the field of tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury, to provide overall research status and new possibilities for researchers.
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4
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Jian Z, Han Y, Li H. Potential roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944403. [PMID: 36324572 PMCID: PMC9618814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality in the world today. Emerging evidence suggests that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in various human cancers, including lung cancer. Despite of the poorly understood mechanism, piRNAs may work as carcinogenic roles or tumor suppressors by engaging in a variety of cancer-associated signaling pathways. Therefore, they might serve as potential therapeutic targets, diagnostic indicators, or prognostic indicators in lung cancer. This review will discuss the new findings of piRNAs, including their biosynthetic processes, mechanisms of gene suppression, and the significance of these piRNAs tested in lung cancer samples to determine their involvement in cancer progression.
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5
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Boteanu RM, Suica VI, Uyy E, Ivan L, Cerveanu-Hogas A, Mares RG, Simionescu M, Schiopu A, Antohe F. Short-Term Blockade of Pro-Inflammatory Alarmin S100A9 Favorably Modulates Left Ventricle Proteome and Related Signaling Pathways Involved in Post-Myocardial Infarction Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095289. [PMID: 35563680 PMCID: PMC9103348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) varies greatly depending on the extent of damaged area and the management of biological processes during recovery. Reportedly, the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory S100A9 reduces myocardial damage after MI. We hypothesize that a S100A9 blockade induces changes of major signaling pathways implicated in post-MI healing. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and gene analyses of infarcted mice left ventricle were performed. The S100A9 blocker (ABR-23890) was given for 3 days after coronary ligation. At 3 and 7 days post-MI, ventricle samples were analyzed versus control and Sham-operated mice. Blockade of S100A9 modulated the expressed proteins involved in five biological processes: leukocyte cell–cell adhesion, regulation of the muscle cell apoptotic process, regulation of the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, sarcomere organization and cardiac muscle hypertrophy. The blocker induced regulation of 36 proteins interacting with or targeted by the cellular tumor antigen p53, prevented myocardial compensatory hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac markers of post-ischemic stress. The blockade effect was prominent at day 7 post-MI when the quantitative features of the ventricle proteome were closer to controls. Blockade of S100A9 restores key biological processes altered post-MI. These processes could be valuable new pharmacological targets for the treatment of ischemic heart. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Maria Boteanu
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Viorel-Iulian Suica
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena Uyy
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Luminita Ivan
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Aurel Cerveanu-Hogas
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Razvan Gheorghita Mares
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (R.G.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (R.G.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Felicia Antohe
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-192-737
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Templin AT, Schmidt C, Hogan MF, Esser N, Kitsis RN, Hull RL, Zraika S, Kahn SE. Loss of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) worsens high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia in mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 251:125-135. [PMID: 34382577 PMCID: PMC8651217 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is an endogenous inhibitor of cell death signaling that is expressed in insulin-producing β cells. ARC has been shown to reduce β-cell death in response to diabetogenic stimuli in vitro, but its role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in vivo has not been fully established. Here we examined whether loss of ARC in FVB background mice exacerbates high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperglycemia in vivo over 24 weeks. Prior to commencing 24-week HFD, ARC-/- mice had lower body weight than wild type (WT) mice. This body weight difference was maintained until the end of the study and was associated with decreased epididymal and inguinal adipose tissue mass in ARC-/- mice. Non-fasting plasma glucose was not different between ARC-/- and WT mice prior to HFD feeding, and ARC-/- mice displayed a greater increase in plasma glucose over the first 4 weeks of HFD. Plasma glucose remained elevated in ARC-/- mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding, at which time it had returned to baseline in WT mice. Following 24 weeks of HFD, non-fasting plasma glucose in ARC-/- mice returned to baseline and was not different from WT mice. At this final time point, no differences were observed between genotypes in plasma glucose or insulin under fasted conditions or following intravenous glucose administration. However, HFD-fed ARC-/- mice exhibited significantly decreased β-cell area compared to WT mice. Thus, ARC deficiency delays, but does not prevent, metabolic adaptation to HFD feeding in mice, worsening transient HFD-induced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Templin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meghan F. Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Wilf Family
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,
USA
| | - Rebecca L. Hull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism,
Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wang K, Wang T, Gao XQ, Chen XZ, Wang F, Zhou LY. Emerging functions of piwi-interacting RNAs in diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4893-4901. [PMID: 33942984 PMCID: PMC8178273 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are recently discovered small non‐coding RNAs consisting of 24‐35 nucleotides, usually including a characteristic 5‐terminal uridine and an adenosine at position 10. PIWI proteins can specifically bind to the unique structure of the 3′ end of piRNAs. In the past, it was thought that piRNAs existed only in the reproductive system, but recently, it was reported that piRNAs are also expressed in several other human tissues with tissue specificity. Growing evidence shows that piRNAs and PIWI proteins are abnormally expressed in various diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing, and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to discuss the current research status regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, mechanisms and emerging roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Zhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Li M. The role of P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) in ovarian development, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis 2021; 26:235-247. [PMID: 33783663 PMCID: PMC8197724 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member of the BCL-2 family, is a direct transcriptional target of P53 that elicits mitochondrial apoptosis under treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. It also induces excessive apoptosis in cardiovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. PUMA has been found to play a critical role in ovarian apoptosis. In the present paper, we review the progress of the study in PUMA over the past two decades in terms of its inducement and/or amplification of programmed cell death and describe recent updates to the understanding of both P53-dependent and P53-independent PUMA-mediated apoptotic pathways that are implicated in physiology and pathology, including the development of the ovary and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We propose that PUMA may be a key regulator during ovary development, provide a model for PUMA-mediated apoptotic pathways, including intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang J, Zheng X, Wang P, Wang J, Ding W. Role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in cell death and cardiovascular disease. Apoptosis 2021; 26:24-37. [PMID: 33604728 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a highly effective and multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is mainly expressed in postmitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. ARC contains a C-terminal region rich in proline and glutamic acid residues and an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The CARD is originally described as a protein-binding motif that interacts with caspase through a CARD-CARD interaction. Initially, the inhibitory effect of ARC was only found in apoptosis, however, it was later found that ARC also played a regulatory role in other types of cell death. As a powerful cardioprotective factor, ARC can protect the heart by inhibiting the death of cardiomyocytes in various ways. ARC can reduce the cardiomyocyte apoptotic response to various stresses and injuries, including extrinsic apoptosis induced by death receptor ligands, cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and hypoxia. In addition, changes in ARC transcription and translation levels in the heart can cause a series of physiological and pathological changes, and ARC can also perform corresponding functions through interactions with other molecules. Although there has been much research on ARC, the functional redundancy among proteins shows that ARC still has much research value. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of ARC, its roles in the various death modes in cardiomyocytes and the roles of ARC in cardiac pathophysiology. This article also describes the potential therapeutic effect and research prospects of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianxin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peiyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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10
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Roser C, Tóth C, Renner M, Herpel E, Schirmacher P. Expression of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) adenomas and its correlation with DNA mismatch repair proteins, p53, Bcl-2, COX-2 and beta-catenin. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:15. [PMID: 33579312 PMCID: PMC7879509 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) adenomas exhibit a uniform pathogenetic basis caused by a germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis gene (APC), but the molecular changes leading to their development are incompletely understood. However, dysregulated apoptosis is known to substantially affect the development of colonic adenomas. One of the key regulatory proteins involved in apoptosis is apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC). Methods The expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic ARC in 212 adenomas from 80 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We also compared expression levels of ARC with the expression levels of p53, Bcl-2, COX-2, and MMR proteins. Statistical analyses were performed by Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression test. Results ARC was overexpressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of most FAP adenomas investigated. Cytoplasmic ARC staining was moderately stronger (score 2) in 49.1% (n = 104/212) and substantially stronger (score 3) in 32.5% (n = 69/212) of adenomas compared to non-tumorous colorectal mucosa. In 18.4% (n = 39/212) of adenomas, cytoplasmic ARC staining was equivalent to that in non-tumorous mucosa. Nuclear expression of ARC in over 75% of cells was present in 30.7% (n = 65/212) of investigated adenomas, and nuclear expression in 10–75% of cells was detected in 62.7% (n = 133/212). ARC expression in under 10% of nuclei was found in 6.6% (n = 14/212) of adenomas. The correlation between nuclear ARC expression and cytoplasmic ARC expression was highly significant (p = 0.001). Moreover, nuclear ARC expression correlated positively with overexpression of Bcl-2, COX-2 p53 and β-catenin. Cytoplasmic ARC also correlated with overexpression of Bcl-2. Sporadic MMR deficiency was detected in very few FAP adenomas and showed no correlation with nuclear or cytoplasmic ARC. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that both cytoplasmic and nuclear ARC are overexpressed in FAP adenomas, thus in a homogenous collective. The highly significant correlation between nuclear ARC and nuclear β-catenin suggested that ARC might be regulated by β-catenin in FAP adenomas. Because of its further correlations with p53, Bcl-2, and COX-2, nuclear ARC might play a substantial role not only in carcinomas but also in precursor lesions. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roser
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Csaba Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Trier MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Max-Planck-Straße 5, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Marcus Renner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Zuo W, Tian R, Chen Q, Wang L, Gu Q, Zhao H, Huang C, Liu Y, Li J, Yang X, Xu L, Zhang B, Liu Z. miR-330-5p inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury by targeting TIM3. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:691-705. [PMID: 33137205 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The Nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signalling pathway is involved in the inflammatory reaction of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous study showed that miR-330-5p was differentially expressed in both cerebral and myocardial I/R injury, and thus might be a biomarker for I/R injury-related diseases. Another study also indicated that miR-330-5p could promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation in renal IRI. However, the role of miR-330-5p in myocardial I/R injury-induced inflammatory responses is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-330-5p in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated myocardial I/R injury. METHODS Myocardial I/R injury was induced in mice by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion. For NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation in vitro, cardiomyocytes were treated with 2 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or LPS (100 ng/ml). Myocardial miR-330-5p expression was examined by PCR at different treatment times. A miR-330-5p antagomir and an agomir were used to regulate miR-330-5p expression. To evaluate the role of miR-330-5p in myocardial I/R injury, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, echocardiography, and immunoblotting were used to assess infarct volume, cardiac function, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation respectively. A luciferase binding assay was used to examine whether miR-330-5p could directly bind to the T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM3). Finally, the role of the miR-330-5p/TIM3 axis in regulating apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome formation was evaluated with flow cytometry assays and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Compared to that in the model group, the inhibition of miR-330-5p significantly aggravated myocardial I/R injury, resulting in increased infarct volume and more severe cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, inhibition of miR-330-5p significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, including caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, in both in-vivo and in-vitro models. Furthermore, TIM3 was confirmed as a potential target of miR-330-5p. As predicted, suppression of TIM3 by siRNA ameliorated the anti-miR-330-5p-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by OGD and LPS, thus decreasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the miR-330-5p/TIM3 axis was involved in the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated myocardial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinglin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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12
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Liu M, Yu T, Li M, Fang X, Hou B, Liu G, Wang J. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain promotes cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation through 14-3-3ε/YAP signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 147:35-48. [PMID: 32771410 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In response to vascular injury, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) may change from a contractile phenotype to a proliferative phenotype and consequently become conducive to neointima formation. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) was initially discovered as an endogenous apoptosis inhibitor, but whether ARC plays a role in VSMCs and whether it can participate in the regulation of atherosclerosis are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein and mRNA levels of ARC in tissues and cells were detected by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein location, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect protein expression in tissues. VSMC proliferation was analysed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU assays, while migration was assessed by Transwell assay. Mechanistically, the direct binding between two proteins was verified by immunoprecipitation. We found that ARC expression was stimulated in VSMCs during cell proliferation. Our results also showed that ARC promoted cell proliferation and induced phenotypic modulation of VSMCs in vitro and vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ARC increased the nuclear localization of Yes associated protein (YAP) by binding to 14-3-3ε and that ARC played a role in promoting cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation. Additionally, the transcription factor p53 negatively regulated ARC expression at the transcriptional level during cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a novel role for ARC in the phenotypic transition of proliferating VSMCs, which may provide a new strategy for regulating neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The affiliated hospital of Qingdao university, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaoli Liu
- Department of Cardiac surgery, The affiliated hospital of Qingdao university, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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An Overview of Non-coding RNAs and Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:3-45. [PMID: 32285403 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease management and timely diagnosis remain a major dilemma. Delineating molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases is opening horizon in the field of molecular medicines and in the development of early diagnostic markers. Non-coding RNAs are the highly functional and vibrant nucleic acids and are known to be involved in the regulation of endothelial cells, vascular and smooth muscles cells, cardiac metabolism, ischemia, inflammation and many processes in cardiovascular system. This chapter is comprehensively focusing on the overview of the non-coding RNAs including their discovery, generation, classification and functional regulation. In addition, overview regarding different non-coding RNAs as long non-coding, siRNAs and miRNAs involvement in the cardiovascular diseases is also addressed. Detailed functional analysis of this vast group of highly regulatory molecules will be promising for shaping future drug discoveries.
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Yu Z, Li Q, An Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Li Z, Gao J, Aung LHH, Li P. Role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5691-5698. [PMID: 31788041 PMCID: PMC6865693 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, ARC is abundantly expressed in terminally differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscles and neurons. ARC serves a key role in determining cell fate, and abnormal ARC expression has been demonstrated to be associated with abnormal cell growth. Previous studies have revealed that ARC was upregulated in several different types of solid tumor, where it suppressed tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased expression levels of ARC in cancer cells contributed to the development of therapeutic resistance and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with leukemia. However, the exact role of ARC, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms involved, remain poorly understood. The present review summarizes the characteristics of ARC and its cytoprotective role under different conditions and describes the potential ARC as a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiatian Chen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Minocha E, Sinha RA, Jain M, Chaturvedi CP, Nityanand S. Amniotic fluid stem cells ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute renal failure through induction of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:370. [PMID: 31801607 PMCID: PMC6894207 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently demonstrated that amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) express renal progenitor markers and can be differentiated in vitro into renal lineage cell types, viz, juxtaglomerular and renal proximal tubular epithelial-like cells. Here, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of AFSC in a cisplatin-induced rat model of acute renal failure (ARF) and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for their renoprotective effects. Methods ARF was induced in Wistar rats by intra-peritoneal injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg). Five days after cisplatin injection, rats were randomized into two groups and injected with either AFSC or normal saline intravenously. On days 8 and 12 after cisplatin injection, the blood biochemical parameters, histopathological changes, apoptosis and expression of pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy-related proteins in renal tissues were studied in both groups of rats. To further confirm whether the protective effects of AFSC on cisplatin-induced apoptosis were dependent on autophagy, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, was administered by the intra-peritoneal route. Results Administration of AFSC in ARF rats resulted in improvement of renal function and attenuation of renal damage as reflected by significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, tubular cell apoptosis as assessed by Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, viz, PUMA, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9, as compared to the saline-treated group. Furthermore, in the AFSC-treated group as compared to the saline-treated group, there was a significant increase in the activation of autophagy as evident by increased expression of LC3-II, ATG5, ATG7, Beclin1, and phospho-AMPK levels with a concomitant decrease in phospho-p70S6K and p62 expression levels. Chloroquine administration led to significant reduction in the anti-apoptotic effects of the AFSC therapy and further deterioration in the renal structure and function caused by cisplatin. Conclusion AFSC led to amelioration of cisplatin-induced ARF which was mediated by inhibition of apoptosis and activation of autophagy. The protective effects of AFSC were blunted by chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, highlighting that activation of autophagy is an important mechanism of action for the protective role of AFSC in cisplatin-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Minocha
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manali Jain
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India.
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16
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Yu Z, Li Q, An Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Li Z, Gao J, Aung LHH, Li P. Role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019. [PMID: 31788041 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10981/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, ARC is abundantly expressed in terminally differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscles and neurons. ARC serves a key role in determining cell fate, and abnormal ARC expression has been demonstrated to be associated with abnormal cell growth. Previous studies have revealed that ARC was upregulated in several different types of solid tumor, where it suppressed tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased expression levels of ARC in cancer cells contributed to the development of therapeutic resistance and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with leukemia. However, the exact role of ARC, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms involved, remain poorly understood. The present review summarizes the characteristics of ARC and its cytoprotective role under different conditions and describes the potential ARC as a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiatian Chen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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17
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Kontio JAJ, Sillanpää MJ. Scalable Nonparametric Prescreening Method for Searching Higher-Order Genetic Interactions Underlying Quantitative Traits. Genetics 2019; 213:1209-1224. [PMID: 31585953 PMCID: PMC6893368 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaussian process (GP)-based automatic relevance determination (ARD) is known to be an efficient technique for identifying determinants of gene-by-gene interactions important to trait variation. However, the estimation of GP models is feasible only for low-dimensional datasets (∼200 variables), which severely limits application of the GP-based ARD method for high-throughput sequencing data. In this paper, we provide a nonparametric prescreening method that preserves virtually all the major benefits of the GP-based ARD method and extends its scalability to the typical high-dimensional datasets used in practice. In several simulated test scenarios, the proposed method compared favorably with existing nonparametric dimension reduction/prescreening methods suitable for higher-order interaction searches. As a real-data example, the proposed method was applied to a high-throughput dataset downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) with measured expression levels of 16,976 genes (after preprocessing) from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho A J Kontio
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland and
| | - Mikko J Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland and
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland
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18
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Li Y, Liu X. The inhibitory role of Chinese materia medica in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and underlying molecular mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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19
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Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain deficiency accelerates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis: The role of AKT/mTOR signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108681. [PMID: 30970510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant medical problem worldwide. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the kidney is a major cause of AKI. However, the pathogenesis that contributes to renal I/R injury is still unclear. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is abundantly expressed in various tissues, and has been reported to play a strong protective role during pathological processes. Our results indicated that ARC expression was decreased in the reperfused kidneys. ARC deficiency markedly accelerated renal dysfunction, promoted reperfusion-regulated tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and enhanced the vulnerability of kidney to I/R damage. Furthermore, in the kidney samples of mice underwent renal I/R injury, ARC knockout significantly accelerated the expression levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-2. In addition, renal I/R injury-induced apoptosis was further exacerbated in ARC-deficient mice through promoting the expression of cleaved Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). From the molecular level, ARC deletion obviously accelerated mitochondrial injury, as evidenced by the further decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial potential in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-treated cells. Moreover, ARC knockout exacerbated AKI through activating phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and p53, whereas reducing phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Of note, blocking AKT/mTOR signaling markedly attenuated inflammation, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis stimulated by H/R in ARC knockdown cells. In summary, our results suggested that ARC played a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AKI induced by renal I/R operation through regulating AKT/mTOR signaling.
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20
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Xu T, Ding W, Ao X, Chu X, Wan Q, Wang Y, Xiao D, Yu W, Li M, Yu F, Wang J. ARC regulates programmed necrosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the inhibition of mPTP opening. Redox Biol 2018; 20:414-426. [PMID: 30415165 PMCID: PMC6230922 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrosis is a key factor in myocardial injury during cardiac pathological processes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure. Increasing evidence suggests that several aspects of necrosis are programmed and tightly regulated, so targeting the necrosis process has become a new trend for myocardial protection. Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been implicated in necrotic cell death, such as the death receptor-mediated extrinsic and mitochondrial intrinsic pathways. However, the precise mechanisms underlying myocardial necrosis remain unclear. In this study, we showed that apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) participated in the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway and inhibited myocardial necrosis by preventing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). ARC attenuated necrotic cell death triggered by exposure to 500 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. In mice, ARC ameliorated myocardial necrosis, reduced the myocardial infarct size and improved long-term heart function during I/R injury. Mechanistically, it has been shown that the inhibition of necrosis by ARC was dependent on its mitochondrial localization and that ARC prevented the opening of mPTP by targeting CypD, the main regulator of mPTP. In addition, ARC expression was negatively regulated by the transcription factor p53 at the transcriptional level during the necrosis process. These findings identified the novel role of ARC in myocardial necrosis and delineated the p53-ARC-CypD/mPTP necrosis pathway during ischemia- and oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage, which can provide a new strategy for cardiac protection. ARC attenuates necrosis both in cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2 and in mouse hearts with ischemia/reperfusion injury. The attenuation of necrosis by ARC depends on its mitochondrial localization and its inhibition of mPTP opening. ARC targets CypD and prevents mPTP opening. p53 regulates necrosis by suppression of ARC expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xianming Chu
- Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinggong Wan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Pan Y, Li P, Jia R, Wang M, Yin Z, Cheng A. Regulation of Apoptosis During Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2086. [PMID: 30233552 PMCID: PMC6131304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, an indispensable innate immune mechanism, regulates cellular homeostasis by removing unnecessary or damaged cells. It contains three signaling pathways: the mitochondria-mediated pathway, the death receptor pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. The importance of apoptosis in host defenses is stressed by the observation that multiple viruses have evolved various strategies to inhibit apoptosis, thereby blunting the host immune responses and promoting viral propagation. Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) utilizes various strategies to induce or inhibit programmed cell death. In this article, we review the latest research progress of the apoptosis mechanisms during infection with PCV2, including several proteins of PCV2 regulate apoptosis via interacting with host proteins and multiple signaling pathways involved in PCV2-induced apoptosis, which provides scientific basis for the pathogenesis and prevention of PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Li Q, Lei Y, Du W. A Novel Target of p53, TCF21, Can Respond to Hypoxia by MAPK Pathway Inactivation in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:473-480. [PMID: 29608330 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is a common malignancy in the female reproductive system, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the high prevalence of UCEC, molecular understanding of uterine endothelium tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we reported that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) inhibits cancer cell proliferation and invasion following overexpression, in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in response to hypoxia, TCF21 is highly expressed in UCEC cells carrying wild-type p53, and is transcriptional target of p53. We observed that TCF21 interferes with the MAP kinase pathway, which is supported by a substantially reduced level of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1 or ERK) in cells expressing a higher level of TCF21. Furthermore, we identified the specific region of TCF21 that is responsible for its interaction with mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MEK) and a subsequently reduced activity of ERK. Using molecular docking and mutagenesis analysis, we validated a special domain of TCF21, which can reduce the activity of the MAPK pathway and inhibit uterine endothelium tumor cell growth in vitro. Overall, our study determined that TCF21, a hypoxia-driven p53 target, functions as a tumor suppressor in UCEC and presents as a therapeutic target for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- 1 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine , Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Lei
- 2 Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City , Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- 2 Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City , Hubei, People's Republic of China
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23
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Dong Y, Liu C, Zhao Y, Ponnusamy M, Li P, Wang K. Role of noncoding RNAs in regulation of cardiac cell death and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:291-300. [PMID: 28913665 PMCID: PMC11105653 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of functional cardiomyocytes is a major underlying mechanism for myocardial remodeling and heart diseases, due to the limited regenerative capacity of adult myocardium. Apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and autophagy contribute to loss of cardiac myocytes that control the balance of cardiac cell death and cell survival through multiple intricate signaling pathways. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received much attention to uncover their roles in cell death of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. In addition, based on the view that mitochondrial morphology is linked to three types of cell death, ncRNAs are able to regulate mitochondrial fission/fusion of cardiomyocytes by targeting genes involved in cell death pathways. This review focuses on recent progress regarding the complex relationship between apoptosis/necrosis/autophagy and ncRNAs in the context of myocardial cell death in response to stress. This review also provides insight into the treatment for heart diseases that will guide novel therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Dong
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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24
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Vorobej K, Mitchell AS, Smith IC, Donath S, Russell Tupling A, Quadrilatero J. The effect of ARC ablation on skeletal muscle morphology, function, and apoptotic signaling during aging. Exp Gerontol 2017; 101:69-79. [PMID: 29056555 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Augmented apoptotic signaling can result in degradation of skeletal muscle proteins and loss of myonuclei, ultimately contributing to muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is an anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Here we examined the role of ARC on age-related skeletal muscle apoptosis and wasting by utilizing an ARC-deficient mouse model. Aged mice displayed a number of morphological, phenotypic, and contractile alterations in both soleus and plantaris muscle with aging. Although no differences were found in proteolytic enzyme activity, ARC protein decreased while several anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g., BCL2, BCLXL, HSP70, and XIAP) and the release of mitochondrial housed protein (i.e., SMAC, AIF) increased in aged muscle. Importantly, ARC KO mice had low muscle weights and fewer fibers in soleus, with 2-year-old ARC KO mice displaying lower mitochondrial BCL2 protein along with augmented release of CYTC and SMAC in red/oxidative muscle. Overall, these results indicate that aged skeletal muscle undergoes atrophy as well as contractile and fiber type composition alterations despite an increase in anti-apoptotic protein expression. Although some mitochondrial-specific apoptotic alterations occurred in skeletal muscle due to ARC ablation over the lifespan, our data suggest that ARC may not have a large influence during skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Vorobej
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew S Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian C Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Donath
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Clinics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Templin AT, Samarasekera T, Meier DT, Hogan MF, Mellati M, Crow MT, Kitsis RN, Zraika S, Hull RL, Kahn SE. Apoptosis Repressor With Caspase Recruitment Domain Ameliorates Amyloid-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis and JNK Pathway Activation. Diabetes 2017; 66:2636-2645. [PMID: 28729244 PMCID: PMC5606321 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid is present in more than 90% of individuals with type 2 diabetes, where it contributes to β-cell apoptosis and insufficient insulin secretion. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) binds and inactivates components of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and was recently found to be expressed in islet β-cells. Using a human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic mouse model of islet amyloidosis, we show ARC knockdown increases amyloid-induced β-cell apoptosis and loss, while ARC overexpression decreases amyloid-induced apoptosis, thus preserving β-cells. These effects occurred in the absence of changes in islet amyloid deposition, indicating ARC acts downstream of amyloid formation. Because islet amyloid increases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation, we investigated whether ARC affects JNK signaling in amyloid-forming islets. We found ARC knockdown enhances JNK pathway activation, whereas ARC overexpression reduces JNK, c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Jun target gene expression (Jun and Tnf). Immunoprecipitation of ARC from mouse islet lysates showed ARC binds JNK, suggesting interaction between JNK and ARC decreases amyloid-induced JNK phosphorylation and downstream signaling. These data indicate that ARC overexpression diminishes amyloid-induced JNK pathway activation and apoptosis in the β-cell, a strategy that may reduce β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Templin
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tanya Samarasekera
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel T Meier
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Meghan F Hogan
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mahnaz Mellati
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael T Crow
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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26
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Circular RNA mediates cardiomyocyte death via miRNA-dependent upregulation of MTP18 expression. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1111-1120. [PMID: 28498369 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important roles in several cellular processes. No study has established the pathophysiological role for circRNAs in the heart. Here, we show that a circRNA (mitochondrial fission and apoptosis-related circRNA (MFACR)) regulates mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in the heart by directly targeting and downregulating miR-652-3p; this in turn blocks mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte cell death by suppressing MTP18 translation. MTP18 deficiency reduces mitochondrial fission and suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis and MI. miR-652-3p directly downregulates MTP18 and attenuates mitochondrial fission, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and MI in vitro and in vivo. MFACR directly sequesters miR-652-3p in the cytoplasm and inhibits its activity. MFACR knockdown in cardiomyocytes and mice attenuates mitochondrial fission and MI. Our results reveal a crucial role for circRNA in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis in the heart; as such, circRNAs may serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.
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27
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Toth C, Funke S, Nitsche V, Liverts A, Zlachevska V, Gasis M, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Mahotka C, Schirmacher P, Heikaus S. The role of apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain (ARC) in the therapeutic resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC): the crucial role of ARC in the inhibition of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 28464919 PMCID: PMC5414156 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) display broad resistance against conventional radio- and chemotherapies, which is due at least in part to impairments in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. One important anti-apoptotic factor that is strongly overexpressed in RCCs and known to inhibit both apoptotic pathways is ARC (apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain). Methods Expression and subcellular distribution of ARC in RCC tissue samples and RCC cell lines were determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent immunohistochemistry, respectively. Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signalling were induced by TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), ABT-263 or topotecan. ARC knock-down was performed in clearCa-12 cells using lentiviral transduction of pGIPZ. shRNAmir constructs. Extrinsic respectively intrinsic apoptosis were induced by TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), ABT263 or topotecan. Potential synergistic effects were tested by pre-treatment with topotecan and subsequent treatment with ABT263. Activation of different caspases and mitochondrial depolarisation (JC-1 staining) were analysed by flow cytometry. Protein expression of Bcl-2 family members and ARC in RCC cell lines was measured by Western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-test. Results Regarding the extrinsic pathway, ARC knockdown strongly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing the activation level of caspase-8. Regarding the intrinsic pathway, ARC, which was only weakly expressed in the nuclei of RCCs in vivo, exerted its anti-apoptotic effect by impairing mitochondrial activation rather than inhibiting p53. Topotecan- and ABT-263-induced apoptosis was strongly enhanced following ARC knockdown in RCC cell lines. In addition, topotecan pre-treatment enhanced ABT-263-induced apoptosis and this effect was amplified in ARC-knockdown cells. Conclusion Taken together, our results are the first to demonstrate the importance of ARC protein in the inhibition of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in RCCs. In this context, ARC cooperates with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members to exert its strong anti-apoptotic effects and is therefore an important factor not only in the therapeutic resistance but also in future therapy strategies (i.e., Bcl-2 inhibitors) in RCC. In sum, targeting of ARC may enhance the therapeutic response in combination therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Toth
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Funke
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nitsche
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Liverts
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Zlachevska
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcia Gasis
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research 702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Csaba Mahotka
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heikaus
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Fan H, Li X, Wang W, Lai Q, Tang X, Gao D, Yin X, Xu T. Effects of NMDA-Receptor Antagonist on the Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats with Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Damage. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:323-330. [PMID: 27352318 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage is an important cause of death by affecting prognosis of neural diseases. It is difficult to find effective methods of prevention and treatment due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), as an excitotoxicity amino acids, has proven to play an important role in hypoxic-ischemic. However, the exact effects of the NMDA subunits, NR2A and NR2B, during hypoxic-ischemic have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to study whether the NMDA receptor antagonist could confer neuroprotective effects in a neonatal rat hypoxia-ischemia model. The effects of intraperitoneal injections of different drugs, namely MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg), NVP-AAM077 (5 mg/kg), and Ro25-6981 (5 mg/kg), on the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and apoptosis protein Bax in the subventricular zone were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining to explore the roles of NMDA subunits (NR2A and NR2B) in hypoxic-ischemic. We found that the NR2B antagonist (Ro25-6981) could inhibit hypoxic-ischemic with the increasing Bcl-2 expression. NR2A antagonists (NVP-AAM077) can increase cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats, promoting the expression of apoptotic protein Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingwei Lai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tiejun Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Guo X, Li Y, Yan J, Ingle T, Jones MY, Mei N, Boudreau MD, Cunningham CK, Abbas M, Paredes AM, Zhou T, Moore MM, Howard PC, Chen T. Size- and coating-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles evaluated using in vitro standard assays. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1373-84. [PMID: 27441588 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1214764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may greatly alter their toxicological potential. To explore the effects of size and coating on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of AgNPs, six different types of AgNPs, having three different sizes and two different coatings, were investigated using the Ames test, mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) and in vitro micronucleus assay. The genotoxicities of silver acetate and silver nitrate were evaluated to compare the genotoxicity of nanosilver to that of ionic silver. The Ames test produced inconclusive results for all types of the silver materials due to the high toxicity of silver to the test bacteria and the lack of entry of the nanoparticles into the cells. Treatment of L5718Y cells with AgNPs and ionic silver resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, mutagenicity in the Tk gene and the induction of micronuclei from exposure to nearly every type of the silver materials. Treatment of TK6 cells with these silver materials also resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and significantly increased micronucleus frequency. With both the MLA and micronucleus assays, the smaller the AgNPs, the greater the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The coatings had less effect on the relative genotoxicity of AgNPs than the particle size. Loss of heterozygosity analysis of the induced Tk mutants indicated that the types of mutations induced by AgNPs were different from those of ionic silver. These results suggest that AgNPs induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a size- and coating-dependent manner. Furthermore, while the MLA and in vitro micronucleus assay (in both types of cells) are useful to quantitatively measure the genotoxic potencies of AgNPs, the Ames test cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- a Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology
| | - Jian Yan
- a Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology
| | | | | | - Nan Mei
- a Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology
| | - Mary D Boudreau
- c Division of Biochemical Toxicology , National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson , AR , USA
| | | | - Mazhar Abbas
- a Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology .,d Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore , Pakistan , and
| | | | - Tong Zhou
- e Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Rockville , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Tao Chen
- a Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology
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30
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Wang J, Aung LHH, Prabhakar BS, Li P. The mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase plays an anti-apoptotic role in cardiomyocytes by regulating mitochondrial fission. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2278-2288. [PMID: 27444773 PMCID: PMC5134389 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocytes are enriched with mitochondria and excessive mitochondrial fission can trigger cellular apoptosis. Recently, the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL), localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, was reported to play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism of its action remains uncertain. The present study was aimed at uncovering the role of MITOL in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our results showed that MITOL expression was up-regulated in cardiomyocytes in response to apoptotic stimulation. Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase overexpression blocked dynamin-related protein 1 accumulation in the mitochondria, and attenuated the mitochondrial fission induced by hydrogen peroxide. Conversely, MITOL knockdown sensitized cardiomyocytes to undergo mitochondrial fission, resulting in subsequent apoptosis. These findings suggest that MITOL plays a protective role against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for apoptosis-related cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn H H Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Ying Y, Padanilam BJ. Regulation of necrotic cell death: p53, PARP1 and cyclophilin D-overlapping pathways of regulated necrosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2309-24. [PMID: 27048819 PMCID: PMC5490387 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to apoptosis and autophagy, necrotic cell death was considered to be a random, passive cell death without definable mediators. However, this dogma has been challenged by recent developments suggesting that necrotic cell death can also be a regulated process. Regulated necrosis includes multiple cell death modalities such as necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)-mediated necrosis. Several distinctive executive molecules, particularly residing on the mitochondrial inner and outer membrane, amalgamating to form the MPTP have been defined. The c-subunit of the F1F0ATP synthase on the inner membrane and Bax/Bak on the outer membrane are considered to be the long sought components that form the MPTP. Opening of the MPTP results in loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, disruption of ATP production, increased ROS production, organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent necrosis. Cyclophilin D, along with adenine nucleotide translocator and the phosphate carrier are considered to be important regulators involved in the opening of MPTP. Increased production of ROS can further trigger other necrotic pathways mediated through molecules such as PARP1, leading to irreversible cell damage. This review examines the roles of PARP1 and cyclophilin D in necrotic cell death. The hierarchical role of p53 in regulation and integration of key components of signaling pathway to elicit MPTP-mediated necrosis and ferroptosis is explored. In the context of recent insights, the indistinct role of necroptosis signaling in tubular necrosis after ischemic kidney injury is scrutinized. We conclude by discussing the participation of p53, PARP1 and cyclophilin D and their overlapping pathways to elicit MPTP-mediated necrosis and ferroptosis in acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ying
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, 985850 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, 985850 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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32
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Sohn EJ, Shin MJ, Eum WS, Kim DW, Yong JI, Ryu EJ, Park JH, Cho SB, Cha HJ, Kim SJ, Yeo HJ, Yeo EJ, Choi YJ, Im SK, Kweon HY, Kim DS, Yu YH, Cho SW, Park M, Park J, Cho YJ, Choi SY. Tat-NOL3 protects against hippocampal neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress through the regulation of apoptotic pathways. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:225-35. [PMID: 27221790 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is associated with neuronal cell death and ischemia. The NOL3 [nucleolar protein 3 (apoptosis repressor with CARD domain)] protein protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death. However, the protective mechanism responsible for this effect as well as the effects of NOL3 against oxidative stress in ischemia remain unclear. Thus, we examined the protective effects of NOL3 protein on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and the mechanism responsible for these effects in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells and in an animal model of forebrain ischemia using Tat-fused NOL3 protein (Tat-NOL3). Purified Tat-NOL3 protein transduced into the H2O2-exposed HT22 cells and inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In addition, Tat-NOL3 prevented neuronal cell death through the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-2, -3 and -8, PARP and p53. In addition, Tat-NOL3 protein transduced into the animal brains and significantly protected against neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus by regulating the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Tat-NOL3 protein protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death by regulating oxidative stress and by acting as an anti-apoptotic protein. Thus, we suggest that Tat-NOL3 represents a potential therapeutic agent for protection against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Yong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Im
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Kweon
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Yu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Meeyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
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Wang K, Long B, Liu F, Wang JX, Liu CY, Zhao B, Zhou LY, Sun T, Wang M, Yu T, Gong Y, Liu J, Dong YH, Li N, Li PF. A circular RNA protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy and heart failure by targeting miR-223. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2602-11. [PMID: 26802132 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sustained cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by maladaptive cardiac remodelling represents an early event in the clinical course leading to heart failure. Maladaptive hypertrophy is considered to be a therapeutic target for heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiac hypertrophy are largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we show that a circular RNA (circRNA), which we term heart-related circRNA (HRCR), acts as an endogenous miR-223 sponge to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. miR-223 transgenic mice developed cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, whereas miR-223-deficient mice were protected from hypertrophic stimuli, indicating that miR-223 acts as a positive regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. We identified ARC as a miR-223 downstream target to mediate the function of miR-223 in cardiac hypertrophy. Apoptosis repressor with CARD domain transgenic mice showed reduced hypertrophic responses. Further, we found that a circRNA HRCR functions as an endogenous miR-223 sponge to sequester and inhibit miR-223 activity, which resulted in the increase of ARC expression. Heart-related circRNA directly bound to miR-223 in cytoplasm and enforced expression of HRCR in cardiomyocytes and in mice both exhibited attenuated hypertrophic responses. CONCLUSIONS These findings disclose a novel regulatory pathway that is composed of HRCR, miR-223, and ARC. Modulation of their levels provides an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bo Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cui-Yun Liu
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Man Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yan-Han Dong
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Na Li
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Tóth C, Meinrath J, Herpel E, Derix J, Fries J, Buettner R, Schirmacher P, Heikaus S. Expression of the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer and its correlation with DNA mismatch repair proteins and p53. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:927-35. [PMID: 26721253 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apoptotic signaling is one of the most important processes in the measurement of chemotherapeutic effectiveness. In apoptotic machinery, various pathways and proteins are involved (i.e., mismatch repair proteins, p53). One of the regulatory proteins is ARC, which can inhibit not only the extrinsic but also the intrinsic apoptotic signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the expression levels of ARC in colorectal liver metastasis and compared them with the expression of mismatch repair proteins and p53. Furthermore, we investigated ARC expression level depending on sex, age, tumor grade, mucin production, tumor size and number of liver metastasis. RESULTS ARC expression level in colorectal cancer liver metastasis was independent from clinical data (i.e., age, gender, tumor size, tumor number or mucin production) but strongly correlated with MSH2 and MSH6 expression, which further supported the evidence for the regulatory role of MSH2 and MSH6 in apoptosis; i.e., in case of sufficient MSH2 and MSH6 expression, significantly higher ARC level is required to suppress the apoptosis. A regulatory interaction between ARC and p53 has been described, but we found no correlation between p53 expression levels and ARC levels. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to define the exact role of ARC in apoptotic signaling and thus its role in chemoresistance and survival of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Integrated Oncology, CIO Biobank, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jeannine Meinrath
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Cancer Institute, Tissue Bank, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Derix
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Fries
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
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McKimpson WM, Yuan Z, Zheng M, Crabtree JS, Libutti SK, Kitsis RN. The Cell Death Inhibitor ARC Is Induced in a Tissue-Specific Manner by Deletion of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Men1, but Not Required for Tumor Development and Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145792. [PMID: 26709830 PMCID: PMC4692498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a genetic disorder characterized by tissue-specific tumors in the endocrine pancreas, parathyroid, and pituitary glands. Although tumor development in these tissues is dependent upon genetic inactivation of the tumor suppressor Men1, loss of both alleles of this gene is not sufficient to induce these cancers. Men1 encodes menin, a nuclear protein that influences transcription. A previous ChIP on chip analysis suggested that menin binds promoter sequences of nol3, encoding ARC, which is a cell death inhibitor that has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. We hypothesized that ARC functions as a co-factor with Men1 loss to induce the tissue-restricted distribution of tumors seen in MEN1. Using mouse models that recapitulate this syndrome, we found that biallelic deletion of Men1 results in selective induction of ARC expression in tissues that develop tumors. Specifically, loss of Men1 in all cells of the pancreas resulted in marked increases in ARC mRNA and protein in the endocrine, but not exocrine, pancreas. Similarly, ARC expression increased in the parathyroid with inactivation of Men1 in that tissue. To test if ARC contributes to MEN1 tumor development in the endocrine pancreas, we generated mice that lacked none, one, or both copies of ARC in the context of Men1 deletion. Studies in a cohort of 126 mice demonstrated that, although mice lacking Men1 developed insulinomas as expected, elimination of ARC in this context did not significantly alter tumor load. Cellular rates of proliferation and death in these tumors were also not perturbed in the absence of ARC. These results indicate that ARC is upregulated by loss Men1 in the tissue-restricted distribution of MEN1 tumors, but that ARC is not required for tumor development in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. McKimpson
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Judy S. Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mitchell AS, Smith IC, Gamu D, Donath S, Tupling AR, Quadrilatero J. Functional, morphological, and apoptotic alterations in skeletal muscle of ARC deficient mice. Apoptosis 2015; 20:310-26. [PMID: 25596718 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic signaling plays an important role in the development and maintenance of healthy skeletal muscle. However, dysregulation of apoptotic signals in skeletal muscle is associated with atrophy and loss of function. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a potent anti-apoptotic protein that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle; however, its role in this tissue has yet to be elucidated. To investigate whether ARC deficiency has morphological, functional, and apoptotic consequences, skeletal muscle from 18 week-old wild-type and ARC knockout (KO) mice was studied. In red muscle (soleus), we found lower maximum tetanic force, as well as a shift towards a greater proportion of type II fibers in ARC KO mice. Furthermore, the soleus of ARC KO mice exhibited lower total, as well as fiber type-specific cross sectional area in type I and IIA fibers. Interestingly, these changes in ARC KO mice corresponded with increased DNA fragmentation, albeit independent of caspase or calpain activation. However, cytosolic fractions of red muscle from ARC KO mice had higher apoptosis inducing factor content, suggesting increased mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-independent apoptotic signaling. This was confirmed in isolated mitochondrial preparations, as mitochondria from skeletal muscle of ARC KO mice were more susceptible to calcium stress. Interestingly, white muscle from ARC KO mice showed no signs of altered apoptotic signaling or detrimental morphological differences. Results from this study suggest that even under basal conditions ARC influences muscle apoptotic signaling, phenotype, and function, particularly in slow and/or oxidative muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
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Li J, Aung LHH, Long B, Qin D, An S, Li P. miR-23a binds to p53 and enhances its association with miR-128 promoter. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16422. [PMID: 26553132 PMCID: PMC4639766 DOI: 10.1038/srep16422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in cardiac pathology, but the molecular mechanism by which apoptosis regulated remains largely elusive. Here, we report that miR-23a promotes the apoptotic effect of p53 in cardiomyocytes. Our results showed that miR-23a promotes apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In exploring the molecular mechanism by which miR-23a promotes apoptosis, we found that it sensitized the effect of p53 on miR-128 regulation. It promoted the association of p53 to the promoter region of miR-128, and enhanced the transcriptional activation of p53 on miR-128 expression. miR-128 can downregulate prohibitin expression, and subsequently promote apoptosis. Our data provides novel evidence revealing that miR-23a can stimulate transcriptional activity of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bo Long
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Danian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Shejuan An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Abstract
The predominant function of the tumor suppressor p53 is transcriptional regulation. It is generally accepted that p53-dependent transcriptional activation occurs by binding to a specific recognition site in promoters of target genes. Additionally, several models for p53-dependent transcriptional repression have been postulated. Here, we evaluate these models based on a computational meta-analysis of genome-wide data. Surprisingly, several major models of p53-dependent gene regulation are implausible. Meta-analysis of large-scale data is unable to confirm reports on directly repressed p53 target genes and falsifies models of direct repression. This notion is supported by experimental re-analysis of representative genes reported as directly repressed by p53. Therefore, p53 is not a direct repressor of transcription, but solely activates its target genes. Moreover, models based on interference of p53 with activating transcription factors as well as models based on the function of ncRNAs are also not supported by the meta-analysis. As an alternative to models of direct repression, the meta-analysis leads to the conclusion that p53 represses transcription indirectly by activation of the p53-p21-DREAM/RB pathway.
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Key Words
- CDE, cell cycle-dependent element
- CDKN1A
- CHR, cell cycle genes homology region
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DREAM complex
- DREAM, DP, RB-like, E2F4, and MuvB complex
- E2F/RB complex
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- NF-Y, Nuclear factor Y
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- genome-wide meta-analysis
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology; Medical School ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
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40
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Leszczynska KB, Foskolou IP, Abraham AG, Anbalagan S, Tellier C, Haider S, Span PN, O’Neill EE, Buffa FM, Hammond EM. Hypoxia-induced p53 modulates both apoptosis and radiosensitivity via AKT. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2385-98. [PMID: 25961455 PMCID: PMC4497762 DOI: 10.1172/jci80402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in tumors harboring p53 mutations has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy; however, the transcriptional targets that mediate hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis is reliant on the DNA-binding and transactivation domains of p53 but not on the acetylation sites K120 and K164, which, in contrast, are essential for DNA damage-induced, p53-dependent apoptosis. Evaluation of hypoxia-induced transcripts in multiple cell lines identified a group of genes that are hypoxia-inducible proapoptotic targets of p53, including inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5D), pleckstrin domain-containing A3 (PHLDA3), sulfatase 2 (SULF2), B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2), and KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 3 (KANK3). These targets were also regulated by p53 in human cancers, including breast, brain, colorectal, kidney, bladder, and melanoma cancers. Downregulation of these hypoxia-inducible targets associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that hypoxia-induced apoptosis contributes to p53-mediated tumor suppression and treatment response. Induction of p53 targets, PHLDA3, and a specific INPP5D transcript mediated apoptosis in response to hypoxia through AKT inhibition. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of AKT led to apoptosis in the hypoxic regions of p53-deficient tumors and consequently increased radiosensitivity. Together, these results identify mediators of hypoxia-induced p53-dependent apoptosis and suggest AKT inhibition may improve radiotherapy response in p53-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B. Leszczynska
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iosifina P. Foskolou
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aswin G. Abraham
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Selvakumar Anbalagan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Tellier
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Span
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology 874, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric E. O’Neill
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M. Buffa
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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MicroRNA-532-3p regulates mitochondrial fission through targeting apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1677. [PMID: 25766316 PMCID: PMC4385919 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a wide-spectrum antitumor drug, but its clinical application is limited by its cardiotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiomyopathy remain mostly unclear. Here we observed that apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) was downregulated in mouse heart and cardiomyocytes upon DOX treatment. Furthermore, enforced expression of ARC attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. ARC transgenic mice demonstrated reduced cardiotoxicity upon DOX administration. DOX-induced mitochondrial fission required the activity of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). In elucidating the molecular mechanism by which ARC was downregulated upon DOX treatment, miR-532-3p was found to directly target ARC and participated in DOX-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. MiR-532-3p was not involved in DOX-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence that miR-532-3p and ARC constitute an antiapoptotic pathway that regulates DOX cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies based on ARC and miR-532-3p is promising for overcoming the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy for cancer therapy.
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Jayarama S, Li LC, Ganesh L, Mardi D, Kanteti P, Hay N, Li P, Prabhakar BS. MADD is a downstream target of PTEN in triggering apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:261-70. [PMID: 24038283 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated kinase activating death domain containing protein (MADD) is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and necessary for maintaining cancer cell survival. However, this survival function of MADD is dependent upon its phosphorylation by protein kinase B (Akt). The tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. The downstream targets of PTEN in triggering apoptosis have not yet been completely identified. Here, we report that MADD can act as a pro-apoptotic factor to initiate TRAIL-induced apoptosis when its phosphorylation is attenuated by PTEN. Our data show that tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced a reduction in MADD phosphorylation with a concomitant up-regulation of PTEN. Knock down of PTEN using a specific siRNA prevented TRAIL-induced reduction in pMADD levels. Surprisingly, Akt non-phosphorylated MADD translocated from the plasma membrane to cytoplasm where it bound to 14-3-3 and displaced 14-3-3 associated Bax, which translocated to mitochondria resulting in cytochrome c release. Taken together, our data reveal that PTEN can convey the death signal by preventing MADD phosphorylation by Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Jayarama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
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Liu LL, Zhang JL, Zhang ZW, Yao HD, Sun G, Xu SW. Protective roles of selenium on nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis of immune organs induced by cadmium in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:199-209. [PMID: 24839000 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of subchronic cadmium exposure on apoptosis in the immune organs of birds and the protective effects on apoptosis by selenium against cadmium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subchronic cadmium exposure on nitric oxide and apoptosis in the immune organs of chicken and the protective roles of selenium against cadmium-induced apoptosis. Two hundred ten 30-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to three groups and were fed a basal diet, cadmium+selenium (as 150 mg of CdCl2 per kg of diet+10 mg of Na2SeO3 per kg of diet ) or cadmium (as 150 mg of CdCl2 per kg of diet) in basic diets for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. Then, the production of nitric oxide, messenger RNA (mRNA level), and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ultrastructural changes, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA levels in the immune organs were examined. The results showed that cadmium exposure caused ultrastructural damage and increased production of nitric oxide, mRNA level, and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, the degree, and the number of apoptotic cells in a time-dependent manner. Cadmium exposure decreased Bcl-2 mRNA level and increased p53 mRNA level in a time-dependent manner. Selenium supplementation during dietary cadmium reduced the production of nitric oxide, the mRNA level, and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ultrastructural damage, and apoptosis in the immune organs of chicken. It indicated that cadmium induced nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis of immune organs, and selenium played protective effects against cadmium-induced apoptosis in the immune organs of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
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MicroRNA-185 regulates chemotherapeutic sensitivity in gastric cancer by targeting apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1197. [PMID: 24763054 PMCID: PMC4001303 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Resistance to chemotherapy is a significant barrier for effective cancer treatment. Here, we identified miR-185 to be a contributor to chemosensitivity in gastric cancer. We observed low levels of miR-185 in gastric cancer cell lines and clinical tissues, compared with gastric epithelium cell line and noncancerous tissues. Furthermore, enforced expression of miR-185 increased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to low-dose chemotherapeutic agents, which alone cannot trigger significant apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous miR-185 prevented high-dose chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In elucidating the molecular mechanism by which miR-185 participated in the regulation of chemosensitivity in gastric cancer, we discovered that apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a direct target of miR-185. The role of miR-185 was confirmed in gastric tumor xenograft model. The growth of established tumors was suppressed by a combination therapy using enforced miR-185 expression and a low dose of anticancer drugs. Finally, we found that RUNX3 (Runt-related transcription factor) was involved in the activation of miR-185 at the transcriptional level. Taken together, our results reveal that RUNX3, miR-185 and ARC regulate the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Wang K, Long B, Zhou LY, Liu F, Zhou QY, Liu CY, Fan YY, Li PF. CARL lncRNA inhibits anoxia-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by impairing miR-539-dependent PHB2 downregulation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3596. [PMID: 24710105 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial fission participates in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new players in gene regulation, but how lncRNAs operate in the regulation of mitochondrial network is unclear. Here we report that a lncRNA, named cardiac apoptosis-related lncRNA (CARL), can suppress mitochondrial fission and apoptosis by targeting miR-539 and PHB2. The results show that PHB2 is able to inhibit mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. miR-539 is responsible for the dysfunction of PHB2 and regulates mitochondrial fission and apoptosis by targeting PHB2. Further, we show that CARL can act as an endogenous miR-539 sponge that regulates PHB2 expression, mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Our present study reveals a model of mitochondrial fission regulation that is composed of CARL, miR-539 and PHB2. Modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for tackling apoptosis and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Bo Long
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Lu-Yu Zhou
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Fang Liu
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Qun-Yong Zhou
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA [2]
| | - Cui-Yun Liu
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- 1] Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
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Mitofusin 1 is negatively regulated by microRNA 140 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1788-99. [PMID: 24615014 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00774-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing. Mitochondrial fission participates in the induction of apoptosis. It remains largely unknown whether miRNAs can regulate mitochondrial fission. Reactive oxygen species and doxorubicin could induce mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Concomitantly, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) was downregulated, whereas miRNA 140 (miR-140) was upregulated upon apoptotic stimulation. We investigated whether Mfn1 and miR-140 play a functional role in mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Ectopic expression of Mfn1 attenuated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Knockdown of miR-140 inhibited mitochondrial fission. Our results further revealed that knockdown of miR-140 was able to reduce myocardial infarct sizes in an animal model. We observed that miR-140 could suppress the expression of Mfn1, and it exerted its effect on mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through targeting Mfn1. Our data revealed that mitochondrial fission occurs in cardiomyocytes and can be counteracted by Mfn1. However, the function of Mfn1 is negatively regulated by miR-140. Our present work suggests that Mfn1 and miR-140 are integrated into the program of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Bo L, Su-Ling D, Fang L, Lu-Yu Z, Tao A, Stefan D, Kun W, Pei-Feng L. Autophagic program is regulated by miR-325. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:967-77. [PMID: 24531537 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is required for the maintenance of cardiomyocytes homeostasis. However, the abnormal autophagy could lead to the development of heart failure. Autophagy is enhanced during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion; it remains to elucidate the molecular regulation of autophagy. We report here that miR-325, ARC and E2F1 constitute an axis that regulates autophagy. Our results showed that miR-325 expression is upregulated upon anoxia/reoxygenation and ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the miR-325 potentiates autophagic responses and myocardial infarct sizes, whereas knockdown of miR-325 inhibited autophagy and cell death. We searched for the downstream mediator of miR-325 and identified that ARC is a target of miR-325. ARC transgenic mice could attenuate autophagy and myocardial infarction sizes upon pressure-overload-induced heart failure, whereas ARC null mice exhibited an increased autophagic accumulation in the heart. The suppression of ARC by miR-325 led to its inability to repress autophagic program. In exploring the molecular mechanism by which miR-325 expression is regulated, our results revealed that the transcription factor E2F1 contributed to promote miR-325 expression. E2F1 null mice demonstrated reduced autophagy and myocardial infarction sizes upon ischemia/reperfusion. Our present study reveals a novel autophagic regulating model that is composed of E2F1, miR-325 and ARC. Modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for tackling cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bo
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - D Su-Ling
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - L Fang
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Z Lu-Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - A Tao
- FU WAI Hospital CAMS&PUMC, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 10037, China
| | - D Stefan
- Franz-Volhard-Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - W Kun
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - L Pei-Feng
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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The apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain (ARC) gene is a direct hypoxia-inducible factor 1 target gene and promotes survival and proliferation of VHL-deficient renal cancer cells. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:739-51. [PMID: 24344197 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00644-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) is essential for the adaptation of tumor cells to a low-oxygen environment. We found that the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor ARC (apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain) was induced by hypoxia in a variety of cancer cell types, and its induction is primarily HIF1 dependent. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and reporter assays also indicate that the ARC gene is regulated by direct binding of HIF1 to a hypoxia response element (HRE) located at bp -190 upstream of the transcription start site. HIFs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) under normoxic conditions, through the loss of the Von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL). Accordingly, our results show that ARC is not expressed in normal renal tissue but is highly expressed in 65% of RCC tumors, which also express high levels of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a HIF1-dependent protein. Compared to controls, ARC-deficient RCCs exhibited decreased colony formation and increased apoptosis in vitro. In addition, loss of ARC resulted in a dramatic reduction of RCC tumor growth in SCID mice in vivo. Thus, HIF-mediated increased expression of ARC in RCC can explain how loss of VHL can promote survival early in tumor formation.
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Long B, Wang K, Li N, Murtaza I, Xiao JY, Fan YY, Liu CY, Li WH, Cheng Z, Li P. miR-761 regulates the mitochondrial network by targeting mitochondrial fission factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:371-379. [PMID: 23867156 PMCID: PMC4397917 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion. The balance between fission and fusion determines the fate of the cell. In this study, we show that mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is upregulated upon hydrogen peroxide treatment or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Knockdown of MFF attenuated hydrogen peroxide- and I/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial infarction. We found that MFF is a direct target of miR-761, and miR-761 inhibits mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by repressing MFF. This study reveals a novel model of mitochondrial fission regulation, which is composed of miR-761 and MFF. Modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for tackling apoptosis and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jing-Ying Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui-Yun Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- The second affiliated hospital, Hebei North University, Hebei 075100, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- The second affiliated hospital, Hebei North University, Hebei 075100, China
| | - PeiFeng Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Ding SL, Wang JX, Jiao JQ, Tu X, Wang Q, Liu F, Li Q, Gao J, Zhou QY, Gu DF, Li PF. A pre-microRNA-149 (miR-149) genetic variation affects miR-149 maturation and its ability to regulate the Puma protein in apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26865-77. [PMID: 23873935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that function as negative regulators of gene expression. They are transcribed from endogenous DNA and form hairpin structures (termed as pre-miRNAs) that are processed to form mature miRNAs. It remains largely unknown as to the molecular consequences of the natural genetic variation in pre-miRNAs. Here, we report that an A→G polymorphism (rs71428439) is located in Homo sapiens miR-149 stem-loop region. This polymorphism results in a change in the structure of the miR-149 precursor. Our results showed that the genotype distribution of this polymorphism in myocardial infarction cases was significantly different from that in the control subjects. We examined the biological significance of this polymorphism on the production of mature miR-149, and we observed that the G-allelic miR-149 precursor displayed a lower production of mature miR-149 compared with the A-allelic one. Further investigations disclosed that miR-149 could withstand mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through targeting the pro-apoptotic factor p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma). Enforced expression of miR-149 promoted cell survival, whereas knockdown of miR-149 rendered cells to be sensitive to apoptotic stimulation. Intriguingly, the A to G variation led pre-miR-149 to elicit an attenuated effect on the inhibition of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Finally, this polymorphism exerts its influence on cardiac function in the mouse model of myocardial infarction. These data suggest that this polymorphism in the miR-149 precursor may result in important phenotypic traits of myocardial infarction. Our findings warrant further investigations on the relationship between miR-149 polymorphism and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ling Ding
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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