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Xiang K, Wang E, Mantyh J, Rupprecht G, Negrete M, Sanati G, Hsu C, Randon P, Dohlman A, Kretzschmar K, Bose S, Giroux N, Ding S, Wang L, Balcazar JP, Huang Q, Sundaramoorthy P, Xi R, McCall SJ, Wang Z, Jiang C, Kang Y, Kopetz S, Crawford GE, Lipkin SM, Wang XF, Clevers H, Hsu D, Shen X. Chromatin Remodeling in Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303379. [PMID: 38380561 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Patient-Derived Organoids (PDO) and Xenografts (PDX) are the current gold standards for patient-derived models of cancer (PDMC). Nevertheless, how patient tumor cells evolve in these models and the impact on drug response remains unclear. Herein, the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility landscapes of matched colorectal cancer (CRC) PDO, PDX, PDO-derived PDX (PDOX), and original patient tumors (PT) are compared. Two major remodeling axes are discovered. The first axis delineates PDMC from PT, and the second axis distinguishes PDX and PDO. PDOX are more similar to PDX than PDO, indicating the growth environment is a driving force for chromatin adaptation. Transcription factors (TF) that differentially bind to open chromatins between matched PDO and PDOX are identified. Among them, KLF14 and EGR2 footprints are enriched in PDOX relative to matched PDO, and silencing of KLF14 or EGR2 promoted tumor growth. Furthermore, EPHA4, a shared downstream target gene of KLF14 and EGR2, altered tumor sensitivity to MEK inhibitor treatment. Altogether, patient-derived CRC cells undergo both common and distinct chromatin remodeling in PDO and PDX/PDOX, driven largely by their respective microenvironments, which results in differences in growth and drug sensitivity and needs to be taken into consideration when interpreting their ability to predict clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John Mantyh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rupprecht
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Marcos Negrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Golshid Sanati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Carolyn Hsu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peggy Randon
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Anders Dohlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nicholas Giroux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jorge Prado Balcazar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Terasaki Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | | | - Rui Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shannon Jones McCall
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Yubin Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine and Program in Mendelian Genetics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - David Hsu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Terasaki Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Chen W, Jiang J, Gao J, Wang G, Wang R, Lv J, Ben J. Roles and signaling pathways of CITED1 in tumors: overview and novel insights. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231220890. [PMID: 38190845 PMCID: PMC10775745 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231220890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
CBP/p300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (CITED1) is a transcriptional activator belonging to the non-DNA-binding transcription co-regulator family. It regulates diverse pathways, including the transforming growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein/SMAD, estrogen, Wnt-β-catenin, and androgen-AR signaling pathways, by binding to CBP/p300 co-activators through its conserved transactivation domain CR2. CITED1 plays an important role in embryonic development and a certain regulatory role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. In this article, the biological characteristics, expression regulation, participating signaling pathways, and potential roles of CITED1 in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Chen
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, China
| | - Jianing Jiang
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, China
| | - Jinqi Gao
- Department of Intervention, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyan Lv
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Ben
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Shirman Y, Lubovsky S, Shai A. HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:605-616. [PMID: 37600670 PMCID: PMC10439285 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s366122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
More than 50% of breast cancers are currently defined as "Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low breast cancer (BC)", with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of +1 or +2 with a negative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test. In most studies that compared the clinical and biological characteristics of HER2-low BC with HER2-negative BC, HER2-low was not associated with unique clinical and molecular characteristics, and it seems that the importance of HER2 in these tumors is being a docking site for the antibody portion of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Current pathological methods may underestimate the proportion of BCs that express low levels of HER2 due to analytical limitations and tumor heterogeneity. In this review we summarize and contextualize the most recent literature on HER2-low breast cancers, including clinical and translational studies We also review the challenges of assessing low HER2 expression in BC and discuss the current and future therapeutic landscape for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Shirman
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ayelet Shai
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Hwang SY, Park S, Jo H, Hee Seo S, Jeon KH, Kim S, Jung AR, Song C, Ahn M, Yeon Kwak S, Lee HJ, Uesugi M, Na Y, Kwon Y. Interrupting specific hydrogen bonds between ELF3 and MED23 as an alternative drug resistance-free strategy for HER2-overexpressing cancers. J Adv Res 2022; 47:173-187. [PMID: 35963541 PMCID: PMC10173165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HER2 overexpression induces cancer aggression and frequent recurrences in many solid tumors. Because HER2 overproduction is generally followed by gene amplification, inhibition of protein-protein interaction (PPI) between transcriptional factor ELF3 and its coactivator MED23 has been considered an effective but challenging strategy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the hotspot of ELF3-MED23 PPI and further specify the essential residues and their key interactions in the hotspot which are controllable by small molecules with significant anticancer activity. METHODS Intensive biological evaluation methods including SEAP, fluorescence polarization, LC-MS/MS-based quantitative, biosensor, GST-pull down assays, and in silico structural analysis were performed to determine hotspot of ELF3-MED23 PPI and to elicit YK1, a novel small molecule PPI inhibitor. The effects of YK1 on possible PPIs of MED23 and the efficacy of trastuzumab were assessed using cell culture and tumor xenograft mouse models. RESULTS ELF3-MED23 PPI was found to be specifically dependent on H-bondings between D400, H449 of MED23 and W138, I140 of ELF3 for upregulating HER2 gene transcription. Employing YK1, we confirmed that interruption on these H-bondings significantly attenuated the HER2-mediated oncogenic signaling cascades and exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers even in their trastuzumab refractory clones. CONCLUSION Our approach to develop specific ELF3-MED23 PPI inhibitor without interfering other PPIs of MED23 can finally lead to successful development of a drug resistance-free compound to interrogate HER2 biology in diverse conditions of cancers overexpressing HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyunji Jo
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Seo
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seojeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Jung
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chanju Song
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Misun Ahn
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Korea.
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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5
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Regan JL, Schumacher D, Staudte S, Steffen A, Lesche R, Toedling J, Jourdan T, Haybaeck J, Golob-Schwarzl N, Mumberg D, Henderson D, Győrffy B, Regenbrecht CR, Keilholz U, Schäfer R, Lange M. Identification of a Neural Development Gene Expression Signature in Colon Cancer Stem Cells Reveals a Role for EGR2 in Tumorigenesis. iScience 2022; 25:104498. [PMID: 35720265 PMCID: PMC9204726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) can generate neurons that synapse with tumor innervating fibers required for tumorigenesis and disease progression. Greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CSC driven tumor neurogenesis may therefore lead to more effective treatments. RNA-sequencing analyses of ALDHPositive CSCs from colon cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) showed CSCs to be enriched for neural development genes. Functional analyses of genes differentially expressed in CSCs from PDO and PDX models demonstrated the neural crest stem cell (NCSC) regulator EGR2 to be required for tumor growth and to control expression of homebox superfamily embryonic master transcriptional regulator HOX genes and the neural stem cell and master cell fate regulator SOX2. These data support CSCs as the source of tumor neurogenesis and suggest that targeting EGR2 may provide a therapeutic differentiation strategy to eliminate CSCs and block nervous system driven disease progression. Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are enriched for nervous system development genes Colon cancer cells express nerve cell markers EGR2 is required for CSC survival and tumor growth and regulates SOX2 and HOX genes Targeting EGR2 may block cancer neurogenesis and stop disease progression
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6
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Wong KM, Song J, Wong YH. CTCF and EGR1 suppress breast cancer cell migration through transcriptional control of Nm23-H1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:491. [PMID: 33436746 PMCID: PMC7804126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis remains an obstacle in cancer treatment and is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Nm23-H1 is one of the first metastasis suppressor proteins discovered with the ability to inhibit metastasis of many cancers including breast, colon, and liver cancer. Although loss of Nm23-H1 is observed in aggressive cancers and correlated with metastatic potential, little is known regarding the mechanisms that regulate its cellular level. Here, we examined the mechanisms that control Nm23-H1 expression in breast cancer cells. Initial studies in aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells (expressing low Nm23-H1) and less invasive MCF-7 cells (expressing high Nm23-H1) revealed that mRNA levels correlated with protein expression, suggesting that transcriptional mechanisms may control Nm23-H1 expression. Truncational analysis of the Nm23-H1 promoter revealed a proximal and minimal promoter that harbor putative binding sites for transcription factors including CTCF and EGR1. CTCF and EGR1 induced Nm23-H1 expression and reduced cell migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, CTCF and EGR1 were recruited to the Nm23-H1 promoter in MCF-7 cells and their expression correlated with Nm23-H1 levels. This study indicates that loss of Nm23-H1 in aggressive breast cancer is apparently caused by downregulation of CTCF and EGR1, which potentially drive Nm23-H1 expression to promote a less invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ming Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yung H Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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7
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Crosby EJ, Acharya CR, Haddad AF, Rabiola CA, Lei G, Wei JP, Yang XY, Wang T, Liu CX, Wagner KU, Muller WJ, Chodosh LA, Broadwater G, Hyslop T, Shepherd JH, Hollern DP, He X, Perou CM, Chai S, Ashby BK, Vincent BG, Snyder JC, Force J, Morse MA, Lyerly HK, Hartman ZC. Stimulation of Oncogene-Specific Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells through Combined Vaccine and αPD-1 Enable Sustained Antitumor Responses against Established HER2 Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4670-4681. [PMID: 32732224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite promising advances in breast cancer immunotherapy, augmenting T-cell infiltration has remained a significant challenge. Although neither individual vaccines nor immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have had broad success as monotherapies, we hypothesized that targeted vaccination against an oncogenic driver in combination with ICB could direct and enable antitumor immunity in advanced cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Our models of HER2+ breast cancer exhibit molecular signatures that are reflective of advanced human HER2+ breast cancer, with a small numbers of neoepitopes and elevated immunosuppressive markers. Using these, we vaccinated against the oncogenic HER2Δ16 isoform, a nondriver tumor-associated gene (GFP), and specific neoepitopes. We further tested the effect of vaccination or anti-PD-1, alone and in combination. RESULTS We found that only vaccination targeting HER2Δ16, a driver of oncogenicity and HER2-therapeutic resistance, could elicit significant antitumor responses, while vaccines targeting a nondriver tumor-specific antigen or tumor neoepitopes did not. Vaccine-induced HER2-specific CD8+ T cells were essential for responses, which were more effective early in tumor development. Long-term tumor control of advanced cancers occurred only when HER2Δ16 vaccination was combined with αPD-1. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor-infiltrating T cells revealed that while vaccination expanded CD8 T cells, only the combination of vaccine with αPD-1 induced functional gene expression signatures in those CD8 T cells. Furthermore, we show that expanded clones are HER2-reactive, conclusively demonstrating the efficacy of this vaccination strategy in targeting HER2. CONCLUSIONS Combining oncogenic driver targeted vaccines with selective ICB offers a rational paradigm for precision immunotherapy, which we are clinically evaluating in a phase II trial (NCT03632941).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Crosby
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Chaitanya R Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Anthony-Fayez Haddad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Christopher A Rabiola
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Gangjun Lei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Cong-Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina
| | - Kay U Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - William J Muller
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gloria Broadwater
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan H Shepherd
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel P Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiaping He
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shengjie Chai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin K Ashby
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joshua C Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy Force
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert K Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina.,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham North Carolina. .,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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de Vasconcelos Azevedo FVP, Zóia MAP, Lopes DS, Gimenes SN, Vecchi L, Alves PT, Rodrigues RS, Silva ACA, Yoneyama KAG, Goulart LR, de Melo Rodrigues V. Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of PLA2-BthTX-II from Bothrops jararacussu venom on human breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Román-Rosales AA, García-Villa E, Herrera LA, Gariglio P, Díaz-Chávez J. Mutant p53 gain of function induces HER2 over-expression in cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:709. [PMID: 29970031 PMCID: PMC6029411 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HER2 over-expression is related with a poor prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer tumors. Clinical associations have reported that somatic mutations of p53 more frequently detected in cases of sporadic breast cancer of the HER2 subtypes, besides a high percentage of HER2-amplifying tumors carry germline mutations of p53. The mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of oncogenic functions of p53 mutant proteins (mtp53), known as Gain of Function (GOF), over HER2 expression have not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between p53 mutants and HER2 regulation. Methods HER2 expression (transcription and protein), as well as HER2 protein stabilization have been evaluated after inducing or silencing of p53 mutants’ expression in cell lines. Finally, we evaluated the interaction of the p53 mutants over the HER2 receptor promoter. Results Higher HER2 expression in cell lines harboring endogenous mtp53 compared with wt or null expression of p53 cell lines. Transfection of p53 mutants (R248Q and R273C) in cell lines increased the expression of HER2. Silencing of p53 mutants, decrease HER2 expression. The p53 mutants R248Q and R273C significantly increase the luciferase activity on the HER2 promoter, and both mutants also promote acetylation of H3 and H4 histones binding in it. Conclusions These findings show for the first time that p53 mutants induce over-expression of HER2 at transcriptional level of the HER2 protein. Our results could have clinical implications in breast cancer and other types of cancer where HER2 is over-expressed and used as a therapy target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4613-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Román-Rosales
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E García-Villa
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - P Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Qian J, Zhu W, Wang K, Ma L, Xu J, Xu T, Røe OD, Li A, Zhou J, Shu Y. JWA loss promotes cell migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement by affecting HER2 expression and identifies a high-risk subgroup of HER2-positive gastric carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36865-36884. [PMID: 27167206 PMCID: PMC5095045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims JWA, a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) involved in apoptosis, has been identified as a suppressor of metastasis, and it affects cell migration in melanoma and its downregulation in tumor is an idependent negative prognostic factor in resectable gastric cancer. HER2 overexpression has been observed in gastric cancer (GC) cells and implicated in the metastatic phenotype. However, the biological role of JWA in migration and its clinical value in HER2-positive GC remain elusive. Results JWA suppresses EGF-induced cell migration and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement by abrogating HER2 expression and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling in HER2-overexpressing GC cell lines. The modulation of HER2 by JWA is dependent on ERK activation and consequent PEA3 upregulation and activation. Reduced JWA expression is associated with high HER2 expression and with poor survival in patients with AGC, whereas HER2 expression alone is not associated with survival. However, concomitant low JWA and high HER2 expression is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Additionally, when patients were stratified by JWA expression, those with higher HER2 expression in the low JWA expression subgroup exhibited worse survival. Methods The impact of JWA on the EGF-induced migration of HER2-positive GC cells was studied using transwell assays and G-LISA assays. Western blotting, real-time PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and luciferase assays were utilized to investigate the mechanisms by which JWA affects HER2. The association of JWA with HER2 and its clinical value were further analyzed by IHC in 128 pairs of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and adjacent normal tissue samples. Conclusions This study characterizes a novel mechanism for regulating cell motility in HER2-overexpressing GC cells involving JWA-mediated MEK/ERK/PEA3 signaling activation and HER2 downregulation. Furthermore, JWA may be a useful prognostic indicator for advanced GC and may help stratify HER2-positive patient subgroups to better identify unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyou Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keming Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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A novel HER2 gene body enhancer contributes to HER2 expression. Oncogene 2017; 37:687-694. [PMID: 29035388 PMCID: PMC5794618 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) contributes to an enhanced HER2 expression in HER2-positive breast cancers with HER2 gene amplification and HER2-low or HER2-negative breast cancers following radiotherapy or endocrine therapy, and this drives tumorigenesis and the resistance to therapy. Epigenetic mechanisms are critical for transcription regulation, however, such mechanisms in the transcription regulation of HER2 are limited to the involvement of tri-methylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and acetylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac) at the HER2 promoter region. Here, we report the identification of a novel enhancer in the HER2 3’ gene body, which we have termed HER2 gene body enhancer (HGE). The HGE starts from the 3’ end of intron 19 and extends into intron 22, possesses enhancer histone modification marks in specific cells and enhances the transcriptional activity of the HER2 promoters. We also found that TFAP2C, a known regulator of HER2, binds to HGE and is required for its enhancer function and that DNA methylation in the HGE region inhibits the histone modifications characterizing enhancer and is inversely correlated with HER2 expression in breast cancer samples. The identification of this novel enhancer sheds a light on the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in HER2 transcription, in both HER2-positive breast cancer samples and individuals with HER2-low or HER2-negative breast cancers undergoing radiotherapy or endocrine therapy.
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12
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Gregory KJ, Morin SM, Schneider SS. Regulation of early growth response 2 expression by secreted frizzled related protein 1. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:473. [PMID: 28687085 PMCID: PMC5501954 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) expression is down-regulated in a multitude of cancers, including breast cancer. Loss of Sfrp1 also exacerbates weight gain as well as inflammation. Additionally, loss of SFRP1 enhances TGF-β signaling and the downstream MAPK pathway. TGF-β has been shown to increase the expression of Early Growth Response 2 (EGR2), a transcription factor implicated in immune function in a wide variety of cell types. The work described here was initiated to determine whether SFRP1 modulation affects TGF-β mediated EGR2 expression in mammary tissues as well as macrophage polarization. METHODS Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine EGR2 expression in human and murine mammary epithelial cells and tissues in response to SFRP1 modulation. Chemical inhibition was employed to investigate the roles TGF-β and MAPK signaling play in the control of EGR2 expression in response to SFRP1 loss. Primary murine macrophages were isolated from Sfrp1-/- mice and stimulated to become either M1 or M2 macrophages, treated with recombinant SFRP1, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of murine specific M1/M2 markers [Egr2 (M2) and Gpr18 (M1)]. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure the expression of human specific M1/M2 markers [CD163 (M2) and HLA-DRA (M2)] in response to rSFRP1 treatment in human mammary explant tissue. RESULTS Knockdown of SFRP1 expression increases the expression of EGR2 mRNA in human mammary epithelial cells and addition of rSFRP1 decreases the expression of EGR2 when added to explant mammary gland tissues. Chemical inhibition of both TGF-β and MAPK signaling in Sfrp1-/- or knockdown mammary epithelial cells results in decreased expression of EGR2. Stimulated murine macrophages obtained from Sfrp1-/- mice and treated with rSFRP1 exhibit a reduction in Egr2 expression and an increase in Gpr18 mRNA expression. Human mammary explant tissue treated with rSFRP1 decreases CD163 protein expression whereas there was no effect on the expression of HLA-DRA. CONCLUSIONS Loss of SFRP1 likely contributes to tumor progression by altering the expression of a critical transcription factor in both the epithelium and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gregory
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, 3601 Main St, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Morin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, 3601 Main St, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA. .,Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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13
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Tang YF, Zhang YB, Feng XD, Lin SH, Qiao N, Sun ZY, Zhou WP. Role of 14-3-3 proteins in human diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:509-520. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved small proteins. By interacting with target proteins, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in regulating multiple cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, cytoskeleton organization and malignant transformation. Mounting evidence suggests that 14-3-3 proteins play an important role in a wide variety of human diseases, such as human cancers and nervous system diseases. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the expression, regulation and biological function of 14-3-3 to highlight the role of 14-3-3 proteins in human diseases.
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14
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Minemura H, Takagi K, Sato A, Takahashi H, Miki Y, Shibahara Y, Watanabe M, Ishida T, Sasano H, Suzuki T. CITED2 in breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic predictor associated with proliferation, migration and chemoresistance. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1898-1908. [PMID: 27627783 PMCID: PMC5198946 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CITED2 (Cbp/p300‐interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp‐rich carboxy‐terminal domain, 2) is a member of the CITED family and is involved in various cellular functions during development and differentiation. Mounting evidence suggests the importance of CITED in the progression of human malignancies, but the significance of CITED2 protein has not yet been examined in breast carcinoma. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the clinical significance and the biological functions of CITED2 in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and in vitro study. CITED2 immunoreactivity was detected in breast carcinoma tissues, and it was significantly higher compared to those in morphologically normal mammary glands. CITED2 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with stage, pathological T factor, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, HER2 and Ki‐67, and inversely correlated with estrogen receptor. Moreover, the immunohistochemical CITED2 status was significantly associated with increased incidence of recurrence and breast cancer‐specific death of the breast cancer patients, and multivariate analyses demonstrated CITED2 status as an independent worse prognostic factor for disease‐free and breast cancer‐specific survival. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that CITED2 expression significantly increased proliferation activity and migration property in MCF‐7and S KBR‐3 breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, CITED2 caused chemoresistance to epirubicin and 5‐fluorouracil, but not paclitaxel, in these cells, and it inhibited p53 accumulation after 5‐fluorouracil treatment in MCF‐7 cells. These results suggest that CITED2 plays important roles in the progression and chemoresistance of breast carcinoma and that CITED2 status is a potent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Minemura
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shibahara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Rajput C, Tauseef M, Farazuddin M, Yazbeck P, Amin MR, Avin Br V, Sharma T, Mehta D. MicroRNA-150 Suppression of Angiopoetin-2 Generation and Signaling Is Crucial for Resolving Vascular Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:380-8. [PMID: 26743170 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased vascular permeability is a hallmark of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Angiopoietin (Ang2) induces vascular leak, and excess Ang2 generation is associated with patient mortality from these diseases. However, mechanisms dampening Ang2 generation during injury remain unclear. Interestingly, microRNA (miR)-150 levels were decreased in septic patients. miR regulate signaling networks by silencing mRNAs containing complementary sequences. Thus, we hypothesized that miR-150 suppresses Ang2 generation and thereby resolves vascular injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type or miR-150(-/-) mice or endothelial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide or sepsis, and Ang2 levels, adherens junction reannealing, endothelial barrier function, and mortality were determined. Although Ang2 transiently increased during lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in wild-type endothelial cells and lungs, miR-150 expression was elevated only during recovery from injury. Deletion of miR-150 caused a persistent increase in Ang2 levels and impaired adherens junctions reannealing after injury, resulting thereby in an irreversible increase in vascular permeability. Also, miR-150(-/-) mice died rapidly after sepsis. Rescuing miR-150 expression in endothelial cells prevented Ang2 generation, thereby restoring vascular barrier function in miR-150(-/-) mice. miR-150 terminated Ang2 generation by targeting the transcription factor, early growth response 2. Thus, early growth response 2 or Ang2 depletion in miR-150(-/-) endothelial cells restored junctional reannealing and reinstated barrier function. Importantly, upregulating miR-150 expression by injecting a chemically synthesized miR-150 mimic into wild-type mice vasculature decreased early growth response 2 and Ang2 levels and hence mortality from sepsis. CONCLUSIONS miR-150 is a novel suppressor of Ang2 generation with a key role in resolving vascular injury and reducing mortality resulting from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Rajput
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Mohammad Farazuddin
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Pascal Yazbeck
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Md-Ruhul Amin
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Vijay Avin Br
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Tiffany Sharma
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Dolly Mehta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago.
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16
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YANG JIANMIN, YU HAIJING, ZHANG LIANG, DENG HUA, WANG QI, LI WENPING, ZHANG ANQIN, GAO HONGYI, YIN AIHUA. Overexpressed genes associated with hormones in terminal ductal lobular units identified by global transcriptome analysis: An insight into the anatomic origin of breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1689-95. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Nafez S, Oikawa K, Odero GL, Sproule M, Ge N, Schapansky J, Abrenica B, Hatherell A, Cadonic C, Zhang S, Song X, Kauppinen T, Glazner GW, Grilli M, Czubryt MP, Eisenstat DD, Albensi BC. Early growth response 2 (Egr-2) expression is triggered by NF-κB activation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 64:95-103. [PMID: 25553923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are known to play multiple roles in cellular function. Investigators report that factors such as early growth response (Egr) protein and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are activated in the brain during cancer, brain injury, inflammation, and/or memory. To explore NF-κB activity further, we investigated the transcriptomes of hippocampal slices following electrical stimulation of NF-κB p50 subunit knockout mice (p50-/-) versus their controls (p50+/+). We found that the early growth response gene Egr-2 was upregulated by NF-κB activation, but only in p50+/+ hippocampal slices. We then stimulated HeLa cells and primary cortical neurons with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) to activate NF-κB and increase the expression of Egr-2. The Egr-2 promoter sequence was analyzed for NF-κB binding sites and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to confirm promoter occupancy in vivo. We discovered that NF-κB specifically binds to an NF-κB consensus binding site within the proximal promoter region of Egr-2. Luciferase assay demonstrated that p50 was able to transactivate the Egr-2 promoter in vitro. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated p50 knockdown corroborated other Egr-2 expression studies. We show for the first time a novel link between NF-κB activation and Egr-2 expression with Egr-2 expression directly controlled by the transcriptional activity of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Nafez
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba, Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba, Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Gary L Odero
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | | | - Ning Ge
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Jason Schapansky
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba, Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Chris Cadonic
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba - Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Shunzhen Zhang
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Xiaohua Song
- Dept. of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Tiina Kauppinen
- University of Manitoba, Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Gordon W Glazner
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba, Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara Italy
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba, Dept. of Physiology, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Depts. of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics and Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Research; University of Manitoba - Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; University of Manitoba, Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Winnipeg MB, Canada.
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Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A. The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:253-70. [PMID: 25544707 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major player in the survival and proliferation of tumour cells and is overexpressed in up to 30 % of breast cancer cases. A considerable amount of work has been undertaken to unravel the activity and function of HER2 to try and develop effective therapies that impede its action in HER2 positive breast tumours. Research has focused on exploring the HER2 activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathways for therapies. Despite the advances, cases of drug resistance and recurrence of disease still remain a challenge to overcome. An important aspect for drug resistance is the complexity of the HER2 signaling network. This includes the crosstalk between HER2 and hormone receptors; its function as a transcription factor; the regulation of HER2 by protein-tyrosine phosphatases and a complex network of positive and negative feedback-loops. This review summarises the current knowledge of many different HER2 interactions to illustrate the complexity of the HER2 network from the transcription of HER2 to the effect of its downstream targets. Exploring the novel avenues of the HER2 signaling could yield a better understanding of treatment resistance and give rise to developing new and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dittrich
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Differential peripheral blood gene expression profile based on Her2 expression on primary tumors of breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102764. [PMID: 25068292 PMCID: PMC4113305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prognosis and treatment is highly dependent on the molecular features of the primary tumors. These tumors release specific molecules into the environment that trigger characteristic responses into the circulatory cells. In this study we investigated the expression pattern of 84 genes known to be involved in breast cancer signaling in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients with ER-, PR- primary tumors. The patients were grouped according to Her2 expression on the primary tumors in Her2+ and Her2- cohorts. Transcriptional analysis revealed 15 genes to be differentially expressed between the two groups highlighting that Her2 signaling in primary tumors could be associated with specific blood gene expression. We found CCNA1 to be up-regulated, while ERBB2, RASSF1, CDH1, MKI67, GATA3, GLI1, SFN, PTGS2, JUN, NOTCH1, CTNNB1, KRT8, SRC, and HIC1 genes were down-regulated in the blood of triple negative breast cancer patients compared to Her2+ cohort. IPA network analysis predicts that the identified genes are interconnected and regulate each other. These genes code for cell cycle regulators, cell adhesion molecules, transcription factors or signal transducers that modulate immune signaling, several genes being also associated with cancer progression and treatment response. These results indicate an altered immune signaling in the peripheral blood of triple negative breast cancer patients. The involvement of the immune system is necessary in favorable treatment response, therefore these results could explain the low response rates observed for triple negative breast cancer patients.
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Hollern DP, Andrechek ER. A genomic analysis of mouse models of breast cancer reveals molecular features of mouse models and relationships to human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R59. [PMID: 25069779 PMCID: PMC4078930 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic variability limits the efficacy of breast cancer therapy. To simplify the study of the molecular complexity of breast cancer, researchers have used mouse mammary tumor models. However, the degree to which mouse models model human breast cancer and are reflective of the human heterogeneity has yet to be demonstrated with gene expression studies on a large scale. METHODS To this end, we have built a database consisting of 1,172 mouse mammary tumor samples from 26 different major oncogenic mouse mammary tumor models. RESULTS In this dataset we identified heterogeneity within mouse models and noted a surprising amount of interrelatedness between models, despite differences in the tumor initiating oncogene. Making comparisons between models, we identified differentially expressed genes with alteration correlating with initiating events in each model. Using annotation tools, we identified transcription factors with a high likelihood of activity within these models. Gene signatures predicted activation of major cell signaling pathways in each model, predictions that correlated with previous genetic studies. Finally, we noted relationships between mouse models and human breast cancer at both the level of gene expression and predicted signal pathway activity. Importantly, we identified individual mouse models that recapitulate human breast cancer heterogeneity at the level of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This work underscores the importance of fully characterizing mouse tumor biology at molecular, histological and genomic levels before a valid comparison to human breast cancer may be drawn and provides an important bioinformatic resource.
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HER. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Méniel V, Song F, Phesse T, Young M, Poetz O, Parry L, Jenkins JR, Williams GT, Dunwoodie SL, Watson A, Clarke AR. Cited1 deficiency suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003638. [PMID: 23935526 PMCID: PMC3731217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional deletion of Apc in the murine intestine alters crypt-villus architecture and function. This process is accompanied by multiple changes in gene expression, including upregulation of Cited1, whose role in colorectal carcinogenesis is unknown. Here we explore the relevance of Cited1 to intestinal tumorigenesis. We crossed Cited1 null mice with Apc(Min/+) and AhCre(+)Apc(fl/fl) mice and determined the impact of Cited1 deficiency on tumour growth/initiation including tumour multiplicity, cell proliferation, apoptosis and the transcriptome. We show that Cited1 is up-regulated in both human and murine tumours, and that constitutive deficiency of Cited1 increases survival in Apc(Min/+) mice from 230.5 to 515 days. However, paradoxically, Cited1 deficiency accentuated nearly all aspects of the immediate phenotype 4 days after conditional deletion of Apc, including an increase in cell death and enhanced perturbation of differentiation, including of the stem cell compartment. Transcriptome analysis revealed multiple pathway changes, including p53, PI3K and Wnt. The activation of Wnt through Cited1 deficiency correlated with increased transcription of β-catenin and increased levels of dephosphorylated β-catenin. Hence, immediately following deletion of Apc, Cited1 normally restrains the Wnt pathway at the level of β-catenin. Thus deficiency of Cited1 leads to hyper-activation of Wnt signaling and an exaggerated Wnt phenotype including elevated cell death. Cited1 deficiency decreases intestinal tumourigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice and impacts upon a number of oncogenic signaling pathways, including Wnt. This restraint imposed by Cited1 is consistent with a requirement for Cited1 to constrain Wnt activity to a level commensurate with optimal adenoma formation and maintenance, and provides one mechanism for tumour repression in the absence of Cited1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Méniel
- School of Biological Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Toby Phesse
- Cell Signaling and Cell Death, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine Young
- School of Biological Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Poetz
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lee Parry
- School of Biological Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Jenkins
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Henry Wellcome Laboratory, University of Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint T. Williams
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sally L. Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alastair Watson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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23
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Involvement of early growth response factors in TNFα-induced aromatase expression in breast adipose. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:193-203. [PMID: 23338760 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the oestrogen producing enzyme, aromatase, is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by its encoding gene CYP19A1. In post-menopausal women, the major site for oestrogen production in the breast is the adipose, where CYP19A1 transcription is driven by the distal promoter I.4 (PI.4). Transcripts via this promoter are also elevated in breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs) adjacent to a tumour. PI.4 expression is stimulated by a number of cytokines, and TNFα is one such factor. The transcriptional mechanisms induced by TNFα to stimulate PI.4 are poorly characterised. We show that the early growth response (Egr) transcription factors play an important role in the TNFα-induced signalling pathway resulting in elevated PI.4 transcription. TNFα treatment of BAFs increases mRNA levels of all four Egr family members, with EGR2 being the most highly expressed. Overexpression of EGR2 causes an increase in endogenous CYP19A1 expression in preadipocyte Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome cells, driven by increases in PI.4-specific transcripts. PI.4 luciferase reporter activity is increased in a dose-dependent manner by EGR2, EGR3 and EGR4, with EGR2 showing the most potent activation of promoter activity. Deletion analysis indicates that this promoter activity is being indirectly mediated by a short region of the promoter not containing any previously characterised binding sites, and we further show that EGR2 does not bind directly or indirectly to this promoter region. However, siRNA knockdown of the Egrs reduces the total and PI.4-derived CYP19A1 transcription in BAFs. These studies unveil a novel component of the aromatase gene regulatory network and further enhance the complexity of oestrogen production in the breast.
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24
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Hynes NE, Smirnova T. The 14-3-3σ tumor suppressor has multiple functions in ErbB2-induced breast cancer. Cancer Discov 2013; 2:19-22. [PMID: 22585164 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ling and colleagues demonstrated that loss of the conditional 14-3-3σ allele results in accelerated HER2/ERBB2-driven mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. This study underscores the role of 14-3-3σ as a potent tumor suppressor in ERBB2-driven tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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The actin-severing protein cofilin is downstream of neuregulin signaling and is essential for Schwann cell myelination. J Neurosci 2012; 32:5284-97. [PMID: 22496574 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6207-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is a complex process requiring coordination of directional motility and an increase in glial cell size to generate a multilamellar myelin sheath. Regulation of actin dynamics during myelination is poorly understood. However, it is known that myelin thickness is related to the abundance of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) expressed on the axon surface. Here we identify cofilin1, an actin depolymerizing and severing protein, as a downstream target of NRG1 signaling in rat Schwann cells (SCs). In isolated SCs, NRG1 promotes dephosphorylation of cofilin1 and its upstream regulators, LIM kinase (LIMK) and Slingshot-1 phosphatase (SSH1), leading to cofilin1 activation and recruitment to the leading edge of the plasma membrane. These changes are associated with rapid membrane expansion yielding a 35-50% increase in SC size within 30 min. Cofilin1-deficient SCs increase phosphorylation of ErbB2, ERK, focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin in response to NRG1, but fail to increase in size possibly due to stabilization of unusually long focal adhesions. Cofilin1-deficient SCs cocultured with sensory neurons do not myelinate. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that they unsuccessfully segregate or engage axons and form only patchy basal lamina. After 48 h of coculturing with neurons, cofilin1-deficient SCs do not align or elongate on axons and often form adhesions with the underlying substrate. This study identifies cofilin1 and its upstream regulators, LIMK and SSH1, as end targets of a NRG1 signaling pathway and demonstrates that cofilin1 is necessary for dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton needed for axon engagement and myelination by SCs.
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26
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Zheng G, Xiong Y, Yi S, Zhang W, Peng B, Zhang Q, He Z. 14-3-3σ regulation by p53 mediates a chemotherapy response to 5-fluorouracil in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via Akt inactivation. FEBS Lett 2011; 586:163-8. [PMID: 22192357 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 14-3-3σ was downregulated in 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells (MCF-7/5-Fu). Here, we found that stably enhanced 14-3-3σ expression strengthened the effects of 5-Fu, Mitoxantrone and cDDP. 14-3-3σ stabilised the p53 protein and bound Akt to inhibit its activity and its downstream targets: survivin, Bcl-2 and NF-κB-p50. In addition, decreased p53 expression, but not promoter hypermethylation, was responsible for the downregulation of 14-3-3σ in MCF-7/5-Fu cells. Meanwhile, initial treatments with high concentrations of 5-Fu clearly induced 14-3-3σ and p53 expression in a time-dependent manner. 14-3-3σ-mediated molecular events that synergise with p53 may play important roles in the chemotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopei Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, PR China
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27
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Ling C, Su VMT, Zuo D, Muller WJ. Loss of the 14-3-3σ tumor suppressor is a critical event in ErbB2-mediated tumor progression. Cancer Discov 2011; 2:68-81. [PMID: 22585169 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-11-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 14-3-3σ is a putative tumor suppressor involved in cell-cycle progression and epithelial polarity. We demonstrate that loss of one or both copies of the conditional 14-3-3σ allele results in accelerated mammary and salivary tumorigenesis in mice expressing an activated erbB2 oncogene under the endogenous erbB2 promoter. Significantly, the majority of tumors bearing a single conditional 14-3-3σ allele lose expression of the remaining 14-3-3σ allele, which is associated with epigenetic methylation of the 14-3-3σ locus. In addition to accelerated tumor onset, in a mouse mammary tumor virus-driven ErbB2 tumor model, loss of 14-3-3σ results in enhanced metastatic phenotype that is correlated with loss of cellular junctions. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that 14-3-3σ is a potent tumor suppressor involved in ErbB2-driven breast cancer initiation and metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE 14-3-3σ has been identified as a normal mammary epithelial cell marker frequently downregulated during neoplastic development. Consistent with its potential role as a tumor suppressor, we demonstrate that targeted disruption of 14-3-3σ in a number of epithelial tissues can profoundly impact both the initiation and metastatic phases of ErbB2-mediated tumor progression through modulation of a number of distinct signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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28
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Chu JH, Lazarus R, Carey VJ, Raby BA. Quantifying differential gene connectivity between disease states for objective identification of disease-relevant genes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:89. [PMID: 21627793 PMCID: PMC3128864 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Network modeling of whole transcriptome expression data enables characterization of complex epistatic (gene-gene) interactions that underlie cellular functions. Though numerous methods have been proposed and successfully implemented to develop these networks, there are no formal methods for comparing differences in network connectivity patterns as a function of phenotypic trait. Results Here we describe a novel approach for quantifying the differences in gene-gene connectivity patterns across disease states based on Graphical Gaussian Models (GGMs). We compare the posterior probabilities of connectivity for each gene pair across two disease states, expressed as a posterior odds-ratio (postOR) for each pair, which can be used to identify network components most relevant to disease status. The method can also be generalized to model differential gene connectivity patterns within previously defined gene sets, gene networks and pathways. We demonstrate that the GGM method reliably detects differences in network connectivity patterns in datasets of varying sample size. Applying this method to two independent breast cancer expression data sets, we identified numerous reproducible differences in network connectivity across histological grades of breast cancer, including several published gene sets and pathways. Most notably, our model identified two gene hubs (MMP12 and CXCL13) that each exhibited differential connectivity to more than 30 transcripts in both datasets. Both genes have been previously implicated in breast cancer pathobiology, but themselves are not differentially expressed by histologic grade in either dataset, and would thus have not been identified using traditional differential gene expression testing approaches. In addition, 16 curated gene sets demonstrated significant differential connectivity in both data sets, including the matrix metalloproteinases, PPAR alpha sequence targets, and the PUFA synthesis pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that GGM can be used to formally evaluate differences in global interactome connectivity across disease states, and can serve as a powerful tool for exploring the molecular events that contribute to disease at a systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-hwa Chu
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Deblois G, Chahrour G, Perry MC, Sylvain-Drolet G, Muller WJ, Giguère V. Transcriptional control of the ERBB2 amplicon by ERRalpha and PGC-1beta promotes mammary gland tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:10277-87. [PMID: 20961995 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ERBB2 and its neighboring genes on chromosome 17 occurs in approximately 25% of breast tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. While amplification of the 17q12-21 chromosomal region often correlates with an increase in the transcriptional rates of the locus, the molecular mechanisms and the factors involved in the coordinated expression of genes residing within the ERBB2 amplicon remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα, NR3B1) and its coregulator PGC-1β are key effectors in this process. Using a mouse model of ERBB2-initiated mammary tumorigenesis, we first show that ablation of ERRα significantly delays ERBB2-induced tumor development and lowers the levels of amplicon transcripts. Chromosome 17q-wide binding site location analyses in human breast cancer cells show preferential recruitment of ERRα to DNA segments associated with the ERBB2 amplicon. Furthermore, ERRα directs the co-recruitment of the coactivator PGC-1β to segments in the 17q12 region and the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoters of the ERBB2 and coamplified genes. ERRα and PGC-1β also participate in the de-repression of ERBB2 expression through competitive genomic cross-talk with estrogen receptor α (ERα) and, as a consequence, influence tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ERRα and PGC-1β are key players in the etiology of malignant breast cancer by coordinating the transcriptional regulation of genes located in the 17q12 region, a process that also involves interference with the repressive function of ERα on ERBB2 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- GRB7 Adaptor Protein/genetics
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, erbB-2
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA-Binding Proteins
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Deblois
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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30
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Dittmer S, Kovacs Z, Yuan SH, Siszler G, Kögl M, Summer H, Geerts A, Golz S, Shioda T, Methner A. TOX3 is a neuronal survival factor that induces transcription depending on the presence of CITED1 or phosphorylated CREB in the transcriptionally active complex. J Cell Sci 2010; 124:252-60. [PMID: 21172805 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.068759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TOX3 is a nuclear protein containing a high mobility group (HMG)-box domain, which regulates Ca(2+)-dependent transcription in neurons through interaction with the cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB). TOX3 appears to be associated with breast cancer susceptibility and was previously shown to be expressed downstream of a cytoprotective cascade together with CITED1, a transcriptional regulator that does not bind directly to DNA. In the present study we show that TOX3 is predominantly expressed in the brain, forms homodimers and interacts with CITED1. TOX3 overexpression protects neuronal cells from cell death caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress or BAX overexpression through the induction of anti-apoptotic transcripts and repression of pro-apoptotic transcripts, which correlates with enhanced transcription involving isolated estrogen-responsive elements and estrogen-responsive promoters. However, both functions cannot be inhibited with the anti-estrogen fulvestrant and are only attenuated by mutation of estrogen-responsive elements. TOX3 also interacts with native CREB and induces the CREB-responsive BCL-2 promoter, which can be inhibited by coexpression of CITED1. Coexpression of CREB, by contrast, abolishes TOX3-mediated transcription from the estrogen-responsive complement C3 promoter. Our results suggest that TOX3 can enhance transcriptional activation from different cytoprotective promoters and that this is dependent on the predominance of either phosphorylated CREB or CITED1 within the transcriptionally active complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Dittmer
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Breast cancer progression involves multiple genetic events, which can activate dominant-acting oncogenes and disrupt the function of specific tumor suppressor genes. This article describes several key oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling networks that have been implicated in breast cancer progression. Among the tumor suppressors, the article emphasizes BRCA1/2 and p53 tumor suppressors. In addition to these well characterized tumor suppressors, the article highlights the importance of PTEN tumor suppressor in counteracting PI3K signaling from activated oncogenes such as ErbB2. This article discusses the use of mouse models of human breast that recapitulate the key genetic events involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Finally, the therapeutic potential of targeting these key tumor suppressor and oncogene signaling networks is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y H P Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4037, USA
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32
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Zurita M, Lara PC, del Moral R, Torres B, Linares-Fernández JL, Arrabal SR, Martínez-Galán J, Oliver FJ, Ruiz de Almodóvar JM. Hypermethylated 14-3-3-sigma and ESR1 gene promoters in serum as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment efficacy of breast cancer metastasis. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:217. [PMID: 20487521 PMCID: PMC2889892 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous hypermethylated genes have been reported in breast cancer, and the silencing of these genes plays an important role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and diagnosis. These hypermethylated promoters are very rarely found in normal breast. It has been suggested that aberrant hypermethylation may be useful as a biomarker, with implications for breast cancer etiology, diagnosis, and management. The relationship between primary neoplasm and metastasis remains largely unknown. There has been no comprehensive comparative study on the clinical usefulness of tumor-associated methylated DNA biomarkers in primary breast carcinoma and metastatic breast carcinoma. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between clinical extension of breast cancer and methylation status of Estrogen Receptor1 (ESR1) and Stratifin (14-3-3-σ) gene promoters in disease-free and metastatic breast cancer patients. Methods We studied two cohorts of patients: 77 patients treated for breast cancer with no signs of disease, and 34 patients with metastatic breast cancer. DNA was obtained from serum samples, and promoter methylation status was determined by using DNA bisulfite modification and quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Results Serum levels of methylated gene promoter 14-3-3-σ significantly differed between Control and Metastatic Breast Cancer groups (P < 0.001), and between Disease-Free and Metastatic Breast Cancer groups (P < 0.001). The ratio of the 14-3-3-σ level before the first chemotherapy cycle to the level just before administration of the second chemotherapy cycle was defined as the Biomarker Response Ratio [BRR]. We calculated BRR values for the "continuous decline" and "rise-and-fall" groups. Subsequent ROC analysis showed a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI: 47.6 - 86.7) and a specificity of 66.7% (95% CI: 41.0 - 86.7) to discriminate between the groups for a cut-off level of BRR = 2.39. The area under the ROC curve (Z = 0.804 ± 0.074) indicates that this test is a good approach to post-treatment prognosis. Conclusions The relationship of 14-3-3-σ with breast cancer metastasis and progression found in this study suggests a possible application of 14-3-3-σ as a biomarker to screen for metastasis and to follow up patients treated for metastatic breast cancer, monitoring their disease status and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Zurita
- Radiation Oncology, Hospital Virgen de Nieves, Granada, Spain
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33
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Ling C, Zuo D, Xue B, Muthuswamy S, Muller WJ. A novel role for 14-3-3sigma in regulating epithelial cell polarity. Genes Dev 2010; 24:947-56. [PMID: 20439433 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1896810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The loss of epithelial polarity is thought to play an important role during mammary tumor progression. Using a unique transgenic mouse model of ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis, we demonstrated previously that amplification of ErbB2 is frequently accompanied by loss of the 14-3-3sigma gene. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of 14-3-3sigma results in restoration of epithelial polarity in ErbB2-transformed mammary tumor cells. We further demonstrate that targeted deletion of 14-3-3sigma within primary mammary epithelial cells increases their proliferative capacity and adversely affects their ability to form polarized structures. Finally, we show that 14-3-3sigma can specifically form complexes with Par3, a protein that is essential for the maintenance of a polarized epithelial state. Taken together, these observations suggest that 14-3-3sigma plays a critical role in retaining epithelial polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
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34
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Miller JK, Shattuck DL, Ingalla EQ, Yen L, Borowsky AD, Young LJT, Cardiff RD, Carraway KL, Sweeney C. Suppression of the negative regulator LRIG1 contributes to ErbB2 overexpression in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8286-94. [PMID: 18922900 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in approximately 25% of breast tumors and contributes to poor patient prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Here, we examine the role of the recently discovered ErbB negative regulator LRIG1 in ErbB2(+) breast cancer. We observe that LRIG1 protein levels are significantly suppressed in ErbB2-induced mammary tumors in transgenic mice as well as in the majority of ErbB2(+) human breast tumors. These observations raise the possibility that LRIG1 loss could contribute to the initiation or growth of ErbB2(+) breast tumors. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of endogenous LRIG1 in the ErbB2-overexpressing breast tumor cell lines MDA-MB-453 and BT474 further elevates ErbB2 in these cells and augments cellular proliferation. In contrast, ectopic expression of LRIG1 reverses these trends. Interestingly, we observe that LRIG1 protein levels are suppressed in response to ErbB receptor activation in breast tumor cells but are unaffected by ErbB activation in immortalized nontransformed breast epithelial cells. Our observations indicate that the suppression of LRIG1 protein levels is a common feature of breast tumors. Moreover, our observations point to the existence of a feed-forward regulatory loop in breast tumor cells where aberrant ErbB2 signaling suppresses LRIG1 protein levels, which in turn contributes to ErbB2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Miller
- School of Medicine, Davis Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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