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Hatano E, Akhter N, Anada R, Ono M, Oohashi T, Kuboki T, Kamioka H, Okada M, Matsumoto T, Hara ES. The cell membrane as biofunctional material for accelerated bone repair. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00418-5. [PMID: 39089349 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The cell (plasma) membrane is enriched with numerous receptors, ligands, enzymes, and phospholipids that play important roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions governing, for instance, tissue development and repair. We previously showed that plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) act as nucleation sites for bone formation in vivo, and induce in vitro mineralization within 1 day. In this study, we optimized the methods for generating, isolating, and applying PMNFs as a cell-free therapeutic to expedite bone defect repair. The PMNFs were isolated from different mouse cell lines (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts), pre-conditioned, lyophilized, and subsequently transplanted into 2 mm critical-sized calvarial defects in mice (n = 75). The PMNFs from chondrocytes, following a 3-day pre-incubation, significantly accelerated bone repair within 2 weeks, through a coordinated attraction of macrophages, endothelial cells, and osteoblasts to the healing site. In vitro experiments confirmed that PMNFs enhanced cell adhesion. Comparison of the PMNF efficacy with phosphatidylserine, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), and living cells confirmed the unique ability of PMNFs to promote accelerated bone repair. Importantly, PMNFs promoted nearly complete integration of the regenerated bone with native tissue after 6 weeks (% non-integrated bone area = 15.02), contrasting with the partial integration (% non-integrated bone area = 56.10; p < 0.01, Student's test) with transplantation of ACP. Vickers microhardness tests demonstrated that the regenerated bone after 6 weeks (30.10 ± 1.75) exhibited hardness similar to native bone (31.07 ± 2.46). In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that cell membrane can be a promising cell-free material with multifaceted biofunctional properties that promote accelerated bone repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hatano
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Dental School, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nahid Akhter
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Risa Anada
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Oohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuo Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Dental School, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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2
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Piacentino ML, Fasse AJ, Camacho-Avila A, Grabylnikov I, Bronner ME. SMPD3 expression is spatially regulated in the developing embryo by SOXE factors. Dev Biol 2024; 506:31-41. [PMID: 38052296 PMCID: PMC10872304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), significant rearrangements occur in plasma membrane protein and lipid content that are important for membrane function and acquisition of cell motility. To gain insight into how neural crest cells regulate their lipid content at the transcriptional level during EMT, here we identify critical enhancer sequences that regulate the expression of SMPD3, a gene responsible for sphingomyelin hydrolysis to produce ceramide and necessary for neural crest EMT. We uncovered three enhancer regions within the first intron of the SMPD3 locus that drive reporter expression in distinct spatial and temporal domains, together collectively recapitulating the expression domains of endogenous SMPD3 within the ectodermal lineages. We further dissected one enhancer that is specifically active in the migrating neural crest. By mutating putative transcriptional input sites or knocking down upstream regulators, we find that the SOXE-family transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10 regulate the expression of SMPD3 in migrating neural crest cells. Further, ChIP-seq and nascent transcription analysis reveal that SOX10 directly regulates expression of an SMPD3 enhancer specific to migratory neural crest cells. Together these results shed light on how core components of developmental gene regulatory networks interact with metabolic effector genes to control changes in membrane lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Piacentino
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Aria J Fasse
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Alexis Camacho-Avila
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ilya Grabylnikov
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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3
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Mierzejewski B, Pulik Ł, Grabowska I, Sibilska A, Ciemerych MA, Łęgosz P, Brzoska E. Coding and noncoding RNA profile of human heterotopic ossifications - Risk factors and biomarkers. Bone 2023; 176:116883. [PMID: 37597797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) means the formation of bone in muscles and soft tissues, such as ligaments or tendons. HO could have a genetic history or develop after a traumatic event, as a result of muscle injury, fractures, burns, surgery, or neurological disorders. Many lines of evidence suggest that the formation of HO is related to the pathological differentiation of stem or progenitor cells present within soft tissues or mobilized from the bone marrow. The cells responsible for the initiation and progression of HO are generally called HO precursor cells. The exact mechanisms behind the development of HO are not fully understood. However, several factors have been identified as potential contributors. For example, local tissue injury and inflammation disturb soft tissue homeostasis. Inflammatory cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation of HO precursor cells. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is one of the main factors involved in the development of HO. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RT-qPCR were performed to analyze the differences in mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles between muscles, control bone samples, and HO samples coming from patients who underwent total hip replacement (THR). As a result, crucial changes in the level of gene expression between HO and healthy tissues were identified. The bioinformatic analysis allowed to describe the processes most severely impacted, as well as genes which level differed the most significantly between HO and control samples. Our analysis showed that the level of transcripts involved in leukocyte migration, differentiation, and activation, as well as markers of chronic inflammatory diseases, that is, miR-148, increased in HO, as compared to muscle. Furthermore, the levels of miR-195 and miR-143, which are involved in angiogenesis, were up-regulated in HO, as compared to bone. Thus, we suggested that inflammation and angiogenesis play an important role in HO formation. Importantly, we noticed that HO is characterized by a higher level of TLR3 expression, compared to muscle and bone. Thus, we suggest that infection may also be a risk factor in HO development. Furthermore, an increased level of transcripts coding proteins involved in osteogenesis and signaling pathways, such as ALPL, SP7, BGLAP, BMP8A, BMP8B, SMPD3 was noticed in HO, as compared to muscles. Interestingly, miR-99b, miR-146, miR-204, and LINC00320 were up-regulated in HO, comparing to muscles and bone. Therefore, we suggested that these molecules could be important biomarkers of HO formation and a potential target for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pulik
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sibilska
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Anna Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Łęgosz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Pihlström S, Richardt S, Määttä K, Pekkinen M, Olkkonen VM, Mäkitie O, Mäkitie RE. SGMS2 in primary osteoporosis with facial nerve palsy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1224318. [PMID: 37886644 PMCID: PMC10598846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic heterozygous variants in SGMS2 cause a rare monogenic form of osteoporosis known as calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility (CDL). The clinical presentations of SGMS2-related bone pathology range from childhood-onset osteoporosis with low bone mineral density and sclerotic doughnut-shaped lesions in the skull to a severe spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with neonatal fractures, long-bone deformities, and short stature. In addition, neurological manifestations occur in some patients. SGMS2 encodes sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), an enzyme involved in the production of sphingomyelin (SM). This review describes the biochemical structure of SM, SM metabolism, and their molecular actions in skeletal and neural tissue. We postulate how disrupted SM gradient can influence bone formation and how animal models may facilitate a better understanding of SGMS2-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pihlström
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampo Richardt
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children´s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children´s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Pan D, Zhong J, Zhang J, Dong H, Zhao D, Zhang H, Yao B. Function and regulation of nuclear factor 1 X-type on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Gene 2023; 881:147620. [PMID: 37433356 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor 1 X-type (Nfix) is a transcription factor related to mental and physical development. However, very few studies have reported the effects of Nfix on cartilage. This study aims to reveal the influence of Nfix on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and to explore its potential action mechanism. We isolated primary chondrocytes from the costal cartilage of newborn C57BL/6 mice and with Nfix overexpression or silencing treatment. We used Alcian blue staining and found that Nfix overexpression significantly promoted ECM synthesis in chondrocytes while silencing inhibited ECM synthesis. Using RNA-seq technology to study the expression pattern of Nfix in primary chondrocytes. We found that Nfix overexpression significantly up-regulated genes that are related to chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and significantly down-regulated genes related to chondrocyte differentiation and ECM degradation. Nfix silencing, however, significantly up-regulated genes associated with cartilage catabolism and significantly down-regulated genes associated with cartilage growth promotion. Furthermore, Nfix exerted a positive regulatory effect on Sox9, and we propose that Nfix may promote chondrocyte proliferation and inhibit differentiation by stimulating Sox9 and its downstream genes. Our findings suggest that Nfix may be a potential target for the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daian Pan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China; Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Jinghong Zhong
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Haisi Dong
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China; Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Baojin Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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6
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Pan D, Zhong J, Zhang J, Dong H, Zhao D, Zhang H, Yao B. Function and regulation of nuclear factor 1 X-type on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Gene 2023; 881:147620. [DOI: org/10.1016/j.gene.2023.147620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
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7
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Amadeu de Oliveira F, Tokuhara CK, Veeriah V, Domezi JP, Santesso MR, Cestari TM, Ventura TMO, Matos AA, Dionísio T, Ferreira MR, Ortiz RC, Duarte MAH, Buzalaf MAR, Ponce JB, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, Buzalaf CP, de Oliveira RC. The Multifarious Functions of Leukotrienes in Bone Metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1135-1153. [PMID: 37314430 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzyme. The production of LTs is stimulated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, and periodontitis, with a relevant contribution to bone resorption. However, its role in bone turnover, particularly the suppression of bone formation by modulating the function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of LTs on bone metabolism and their impact on osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastogenesis using a 5-LO knockout (KO) mouse model. Results from micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis of femur from 8-week-old 5-LO-deficient mice showed increased cortical bone and medullary region in females and males and decreased trabecular bone in females. In the vertebra, we observed increased marrow area in both females and males 5-LO KO and decreased trabecular bone only in females 5-LO KO. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis showed higher levels of osteogenic markers tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and osteopontin (OPN) and lower expression of osteoclastogenic marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the femurs of 5-LO KO mice versus wild-type (WT). Alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization assay results showed that the 5-LO absence enhances osteoblasts differentiation and mineralization but decreases the proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Bglap, and Sp7 gene expression were higher in 5-LO KO osteoblasts compared to WT cells. Eicosanoids production was higher in 5-LO KO osteoblasts except for thromboxane 2, which was lower in 5-LO-deficient mice. Proteomic analysis identified the downregulation of proteins related to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism in 5-LO KO osteoblasts, and the upregulation of transcription factors such as the adaptor-related protein complex 1 (AP-1 complex) in long bones from 5-LO KO mice leading to an increased bone formation pattern in 5-LO-deficient mice. We observed enormous differences in the morphology and function of osteoclasts with reduced bone resorption markers and impaired osteoclasts in 5-LO KO compared to WT osteoclasts. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the absence of 5-LO is related to the greater osteogenic profile. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cintia K Tokuhara
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vimal Veeriah
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - João Paulo Domezi
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tania M Cestari
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana A Matos
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dionísio
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel R Ferreira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Ortiz
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A H Duarte
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José B Ponce
- Department of Medicine, University Center of Adamantina, Adamantina, SP, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Faculdades de Dracena, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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8
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Houston DA, Stephen LA, Jayash SN, Myers K, Little K, Hopkinson M, Pitsillides AA, MacRae VE, Millan JL, Staines KA, Farquharson C. Increased PHOSPHO1 and alkaline phosphatase expression during the anabolic bone response to intermittent parathyroid hormone delivery. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:189-201. [PMID: 36540015 PMCID: PMC10946561 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is anabolic to the skeleton. Recent studies with cultured osteoblasts have revealed that the expression of PHOSPHO1, a bone-specific phosphatase essential for the initiation of mineralisation, is regulated by PTH. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the bone anabolic response to iPTH involves modulation of expression of Phospho1 and of other enzymes critical for bone matrix mineralisation. To mimic iPTH treatment, primary murine osteoblasts were challenged with 50 nM PTH for 6 h in every 48 h period for 8 days (4 cycles), 14 days (7 cycles) and 20 days (10 cycles) in total. The expression of both Phospho1 and Smpd3 was almost completely inhibited after 4 cycles, whereas 10 cycles were required to stimulate a similar response in Alpl expression. To explore the in vivo role of PHOSPHO1 in PTH-mediated osteogenesis, the effects of 14- and 28-day iPTH (80 µg/kg/day) administration was assessed in male wild-type (WT) and Phospho1-/- mice. The expression of Phospho1, Alpl, Smpd3, Enpp1, Runx2 and Trps1 expression was enhanced in the femora of WT mice following iPTH administration but remained unchanged in the femora of Phospho1-/- mice. After 28 days of iPTH administration, the anabolic response in the femora of WT was greater than that noted in Phospho1-/- mice. Specifically, cortical and trabecular bone volume/total volume, as well as cortical thickness, were increased in femora of iPTH-treated WT but not in iPTH-treated Phospho1-/- mice. Trabecular bone osteoblast number was also increased in iPTH-treated WT mice but not in iPTH-treated Phospho1-/- mice. The increased levels of Phospho1, Alpl, Enpp1 and Smpd3 in WT mice in response to iPTH administration is consistent with their contribution to the potent anabolic properties of iPTH in bone. Furthermore, as the anabolic response to iPTH was attenuated in mice deficient in PHOSPHO1, this suggests that the osteoanabolic effects of iPTH are at least partly mediated via bone mineralisation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Houston
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Louise A. Stephen
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Soher N. Jayash
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Katherine Myers
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Kirsty Little
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Mark Hopkinson
- Comparative Biomedical SciencesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | | | - Vicky E. MacRae
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- Human Genetics ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine A. Staines
- School of Applied Sciences, Centre for Stress and Age‐Related DiseaseUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Functional Genetics Division, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
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9
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Gao M, Liu X, Guo P, Wang J, Li J, Wang W, Stoddart MJ, Grad S, Li Z, Wu H, Li B, He Z, Zhou G, Liu S, Zhu W, Chen D, Zou X, Zhou Z. Deciphering postnatal limb development at single-cell resolution. iScience 2022; 26:105808. [PMID: 36619982 PMCID: PMC9813795 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The early postnatal limb developmental progression bridges embryonic and mature stages and mirrors the pathological remodeling of articular cartilage. However, compared with multitudinous research on embryonic limb development, the early postnatal stage seems relatively unnoticed. Here, a systematic work to portray the postnatal limb developmental landscape was carried out by characterization of 19,952 single cells from murine hindlimbs at 4 postnatal stages using single-cell RNA sequencing technique. By delineation of cell heterogeneity, the candidate progenitor sub-clusters marked by Cd34 and Ly6e were discovered in articular cartilage and enthesis, and three cellular developmental branches marked by Col10a1, Spp1, and Tnni2 were reflected in growth plate. The representative transcriptomes and developmental patterns were intensively explored, and the key regulation mechanisms as well as evolvement in osteoarthritis were discussed. Above all, these results expand horizons of postnatal limb developmental biology and reach the interconnections between limb development, remodeling, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Department of Sport Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Huachuan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Department of Sport Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China,Corresponding author
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China,Corresponding author
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding author
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10
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Denys A, Pedersen KB, Watt J, Norman AR, Osborn ML, Chen JR, Maimone C, Littleton S, Vasiliou V, Ronis MJJ. Binge Ethanol Exposure in Mice Represses Expression of Genes Involved in Osteoblast Function and Induces Expression of Genes Involved in Osteoclast Differentiation Independently of Endogenous Catalase. Toxicol Sci 2022; 185:232-245. [PMID: 34755883 PMCID: PMC9019842 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption is a risk factor for osteopenia. Since a previous study showed that transgenic female mice with overexpression of catalase are partially protected from ethanol-mediated trabecular bone loss, we investigated the role of endogenous catalase in skeletal ethanol toxicity comparing catalase knockout to wild-type mice. We hypothesized that catalase depletion would exacerbate ethanol effects. The mice were tested in a newly designed binge ethanol model, in which 12-week-old mice were exposed to 4 consecutive days of gavage with ethanol at 3, 3, 4, and 4.5 g ethanol/kg body weight. Binge ethanol decreased the concentration of serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation. The catalase genotype did not affect the osteocalcin levels. RNA sequencing of femoral shaft RNA from males was conducted. Ethanol exposure led to significant downregulation of genes expressed in cells of the osteoblastic lineage with a role in osteoblastic function and collagen synthesis, including the genes encoding major structural bone proteins. Binge ethanol further induced a smaller set of genes with a role in osteoclastic differentiation. Catalase depletion affected genes with expression in erythroblasts and erythrocytes. There was no clear interaction between binge ethanol and the catalase genotype. In an independent experiment, we confirmed that the binge ethanol effects on gene expression were reproducible and occurred throughout the skeleton in males. In conclusion, the binge ethanol exposure, independently of endogenous catalase, reduces expression of genes involved in osteoblastic function and induces expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation throughout the skeleton in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Denys
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Allison R Norman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Michelle L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
| | - Cole Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Shana Littleton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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11
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Lecuyer M, Pathipati P, Faustino J, Vexler ZS. Neonatal stroke enhances interaction of microglia-derived extracellular vesicles with microglial cells. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 157:105431. [PMID: 34153465 PMCID: PMC9068249 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells support brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and modulate brain injury in a context-dependent and brain maturation-dependent manner. Microglial cells protect neonatal brain from acute stroke. While microglial signaling via direct cell-cell interaction and release of variety of molecules is intensely studied, less is known about microglial signaling via release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We asked whether neonatal stroke alters release of microglial EVs (MEV) and MEV communication with activated microglia. We pulled down and plated microglia from ischemic-reperfused and contralateral cortex 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in postnatal day 9 mice, isolated and characterized microglia-derived microvesicles (P3-MEV) and exosomes (P4-MEV), and determined uptake of fluorescently labeled P3-MEV and P4-MEV by plated microglia derived from ischemic-reperfused and contralateral cortex. We then examined how reducing EVs release in neonatal brain-by intra-cortical injection of CRISPR-Cas9-Smpd3/KO (Smpd3/KD) to downregulate Smpd3 gene to disrupt neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (N-SMase2)-impacts P3-MEV and P4-MEV release and stroke injury. Both size and protein composition differed between P3-MEV and P4-MEV. tMCAO further altered protein composition of P3-MEV and P4-MEV and significantly, up to 5-fold, increased uptake of both vesicle subtypes by microglia from ischemic-reperfused regions. Under physiological conditions neurons were the predominant cell type expressing N-SMase-2, an enzyme involved in lipid signaling and EVs release. After tMCAO N-SMase-2 expression was diminished in injured neurons but increased in activated microglia/macrophages, leading to overall reduced N-SMase-2 activity. Compared to intracerebral injection of control plasmid, CRISPR-Cas9-Smpd3/Ct, Smpd3/KD injection further reduced N-SMase-2 activity and significantly reduced injury. Smpd3 downregulation decreased MEV release from injured regions, reduced Smpd3/KD-P3-MEV uptake and abolished Smpd3/KD-P4-MEV uptake by microglia from ischemic-reperfused region. Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that microglial cells release both microvesicles and exosomes in naïve neonatal brain, that the state of microglial activation determines both properties of released EVs and their recognition/uptake by microglia in ischemic-reperfused and control regions, suggesting a modulatory role of MEV in neonatal stroke, and that sphingosine/N-SMase-2 signaling contributes both to EVs release and uptake (predominantly P4-MEV) after neonatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joel Faustino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Yan H, Hales BF. Effects of an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Organophosphate Esters Derived From House Dust on Endochondral Ossification in Murine Limb Bud Cultures. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:62-75. [PMID: 33367866 PMCID: PMC7916738 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used widely as flame retardants and plasticizers but much remains unknown about their potential toxicity. Previously, we reported that 4 individual OPEs suppress endochondral ossification in murine limb bud cultures. However, real-life exposure is to complex OPE mixtures. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that a Canadian household dust-based OPE mixture will affect endochondral ossification in gestation day 13 CD1 mouse embryo limb buds expressing fluorescent markers for the major cell populations involved in the process: collagen type II alpha 1-enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (proliferative chondrocytes), collagen type X alpha 1-mCherry (hypertrophic chondrocytes), and collagen type I alpha 1-yellow fluorescent protein (osteoblasts). Limbs were cultured for 6 days in the presence of vehicle or dilutions of the OPE mixture (1/1 000 000, 1/600 000, and 1/300 000). All 3 OPE mixture dilutions affected cartilage template development and the progression of endochondral ossification, as indicated by the fluorescent markers. The expression of Sox9, the master regulator of chondrogenesis, was unchanged, but the expression of Runx2 and Sp7, which drive chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoblastogenesis, was dilution-dependently suppressed. RNA-seq revealed that exposure to the 1/300 000 dilution of the OPE mixture for 24 h downregulated 153 transcripts and upregulated 48 others by at least 1.5-fold. Downregulated transcripts were enriched for those related to the immune system and bone formation. In contrast, upregulated transcripts were enriched for those with stress response functions known to be regulated by ATF4 activation. Thus, exposure to the mixture of OPEs commonly found in house dust may have adverse effects on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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13
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Dillon S, Suchacki K, Hsu SN, Stephen LA, Wang R, Cawthorn WP, Stewart AJ, Nudelman F, Morton NM, Farquharson C. Ablation of Enpp6 Results in Transient Bone Hypomineralization. JBMR Plus 2020; 5:e10439. [PMID: 33615108 PMCID: PMC7872340 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a fundamental process key to the development of the skeleton. The phosphatase orphan phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1), which likely functions within extracellular matrix vesicles, has emerged as a critical regulator of biomineralization. However, the biochemical pathways that generate intravesicular PHOSPHO1 substrates are currently unknown. We hypothesized that the enzyme ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 6 (ENPP6) is an upstream source of the PHOSPHO1 substrate. To test this, we characterized skeletal phenotypes of mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of Enpp6 (Enpp6 -/- ). Micro-computed tomography of the trabecular compartment revealed transient hypomineralization in Enpp6 -/- tibias (p < 0.05) that normalized by 12 weeks of age. Whole-bone cortical analysis also revealed significantly hypomineralized proximal bone in 4- but not 12-week-old Enpp6 -/- mice (p < 0.05) compared with WT animals. Back-scattered SEM revealed a failure in 4-week-old trabecular bone of mineralization foci to propagate. Static histomorphometry revealed increased osteoid volume (p > 0.01) and osteoid surface (p < 0.05), which recovered by 12 weeks but was not accompanied by changes in osteoblast or osteoclast number. This study is the first to characterize the skeletal phenotype of Enpp6 -/- mice, revealing transient hypomineralization in young animals compared with WT controls. These data suggest that ENPP6 is important for bone mineralization and may function upstream of PHOSPHO1 as a novel means of generating its substrates inside matrix vesicles. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dillon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK
| | - Karla Suchacki
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Shun-Neng Hsu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK
| | - Louise A Stephen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK
| | - Rongling Wang
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - William P Cawthorn
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine University of St Andrews St. Andrews UK
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Midlothian UK
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14
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Zhang H, Li K, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Li S, Lin G. Long-term use of fluoxetine accelerates bone loss through the disruption of sphingolipids metabolism in bone marrow adipose tissue. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:138. [PMID: 32398744 PMCID: PMC7217841 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a commonly prescribed antidepressant, and the mechanisms of increased bone fragility with its long-term use remain largely unknown. Here, we show that long-term administration of fluoxetine induces the disruption of sphingolipids metabolism in bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT)through the inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Similarly, a significant reduction of the bone volume was observed in mice with ASM knockout (Smpd1-/-). In detail, inhibition of ASM by fluoxetine reduces the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) level in bone marrow adipocytes, leading to the increase of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) secretion, a key regulator for the activation of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss, through the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and its enzymatic product prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2). In contrast, overexpression of ASM by cisplatin normalizes fluoxetine-induced RANKL overproduction. Furthermore, we conducted a clinical trial with L-serine, a precursor of sphingolipids biosynthesis. The results show that oral supplementation of L-serine (250 mg//kg/d) prevents the acceleration of bone loss caused by long-term fluoxetine (12 months) in postmenopausal women with major depressive disorder (mean total hip bone mineral density reduction: -2.0% vs -1.1%, P = 0.006). Our study provides new insights and potential treatment strategy on the bone loss caused by long-term use of fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhang
- grid.464489.30000 0004 1758 1008School of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005 Jiangsu China
| | - Kefeng Li
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
| | - Yanna Zhao
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103 USA
| | - Yilan Zhang
- grid.464489.30000 0004 1758 1008School of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 224005 Jiangsu China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Guangwu Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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15
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Lee HY, Hong SR, Lee JE, Hwang IK, Kim NY, Lee JM, Fleckhaus J, Jung SE, Lee YH. Epigenetic age signatures in bones. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 46:102261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Dillon S, Staines KA, Millán JL, Farquharson C. How To Build a Bone: PHOSPHO1, Biomineralization, and Beyond. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10202. [PMID: 31372594 PMCID: PMC6659447 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its characterization two decades ago, the phosphatase PHOSPHO1 has been the subject of an increasing focus of research. This work has elucidated PHOSPHO1's central role in the biomineralization of bone and other hard tissues, but has also implicated the enzyme in other biological processes in health and disease. During mineralization PHOSPHO1 liberates inorganic phosphate (Pi) to be incorporated into the mineral phase through hydrolysis of its substrates phosphocholine (PCho) and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). Localization of PHOSPHO1 within matrix vesicles allows accumulation of Pi within a protected environment where mineral crystals may nucleate and subsequently invade the organic collagenous scaffold. Here, we examine the evidence for this process, first discussing the discovery and characterization of PHOSPHO1, before considering experimental evidence for its canonical role in matrix vesicle–mediated biomineralization. We also contemplate roles for PHOSPHO1 in disorders of dysregulated mineralization such as vascular calcification, along with emerging evidence of its activity in other systems including choline synthesis and homeostasis, and energy metabolism. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dillon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK
| | | | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA USA
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Midlothian UK
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17
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Role of SMPD3 during Bone Fracture Healing and Regulation of Its Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00370-18. [PMID: 30530524 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00370-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), a lipid-metabolizing enzyme present in bone and cartilage, has important roles in the developing skeleton. We previously showed that SMPD3 deficiency results in delayed extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and severe skeletal deformities in an inducible knockout mouse model, Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice, in which Smpd3 was ablated in Osx-expressing chondrocytes and osteoblasts during early skeletogenesis. However, as shown in the current study, ablation of Smpd3 postnatally in 3-month-old Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice resulted in only a mild bone mineralization defect. Interestingly, though, there was a marked increase of unmineralized osteoid in the fractured tibiae of 3-month-old Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice. As was the case in the embryonic bones, we also observed impaired chondrocyte apoptosis at the fracture sites of Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice. We further examined how Smpd3 expression is regulated in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells by two major regulators of chondrogenesis, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and PTHrP. Our data show that BMP-2 positively regulates Smpd3 expression via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Taken together, our findings show that SMPD3 plays a significant role in ECM mineralization and chondrocyte apoptosis during fracture healing. Furthermore, our gene expression analyses suggest that BMP-2 and PTHrP exert opposing effects on the regulation of Smpd3 expression in chondrocytes.
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18
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Abstract
Mineralized "hard" tissues of the skeleton possess unique biomechanical properties to support the body weight and movement and act as a source of essential minerals required for critical body functions. For a long time, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization in the vertebrate skeleton was considered as a passive process. However, the explosion of genetic studies during the past decades has established that this process is essentially controlled by multiple genetic pathways. These pathways regulate the homeostasis of ionic calcium and inorganic phosphate-two mineral components required for bone mineral formation, the synthesis of mineral scaffolding ECM, and the maintainence of the levels of the inhibitory organic and inorganic molecules controlling the process of mineral crystal formation and its growth. More recently, intracellular enzyme regulators of skeletal tissue mineralization have been identified. The current review will discuss the key determinants of ECM mineralization in bone and propose a unified model explaining this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada
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19
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Zavodovskaya R, Stover SM, Murphy BG, Katzman S, Durbin-Johnson B, Britton M, Finno CJ. Bone formation transcripts dominate the differential gene expression profile in an equine osteoporotic condition associated with pulmonary silicosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197459. [PMID: 29856822 PMCID: PMC5983561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been associated with pulmonary silicosis in California horses exposed to soils rich in cytotoxic silica dioxide crystals, a syndrome termed silicate associated osteoporosis (SAO). The causal mechanism for the development of osteoporosis is unknown. Osteoporotic lesions are primarily located in bone marrow-rich sites such as ribs, scapula and pelvis. Gene transcription patterns within bone marrow and pulmonary lymph nodes of affected horses may offer clues to disease pathobiology. Bone marrow core and tracheobronchial lymph node tissue samples harvested postmortem from affected and unaffected horses were examined histologically and subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Sequenced data were analyzed for differential gene expression and gene ontology. Metatranscriptomic and metagenomic assays evaluated samples for infectious agents. Thirteen of 17 differentially expressed transcripts in bone marrow were linked to bone and cartilage formation such as integrin binding bone sialoprotein (log2FC = 3.39, PFDR = 0.013) and chondroadherin (log2FC = 4.48, PFDR = 0.031). Equus caballus solute carrier family 9, subfamily A2 (log2FC = 3.77, PFDR = 0.0034) was one of the four differentially expressed transcripts linked to osteoclast activity. Osteoblasts were hyperplastic and hypertrophic in bone marrow from affected horses. Biological pathways associated with skeletal morphogenesis were significantly enriched in affected horses. The 30 differentially expressed genes in affected lymph nodes were associated with inflammatory responses. Evidence of infectious agents was not found. The SAO affected bone marrow molecular signature demonstrated increased transcription and heightened activation of osteoblasts. Increased osteoblastic activity could be part of the pathological mechanism for osteoporosis or a compensatory response to the accelerated osteolysis. Transcriptome data offer gene targets for inquiries into the role of osteocytes and osteoblasts in SAO pathogenesis. Viral or bacterial infectious etiology in SAO is less likely based on metatranscriptomic and metagenomic data but cannot be completely ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Zavodovskaya
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Stover
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brian G. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Katzman
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Monica Britton
- UC Davis Genome Center, Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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20
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Stoffel W, Jenke B, Schmidt-Soltau I, Binczek E, Brodesser S, Hammels I. SMPD3 deficiency perturbs neuronal proteostasis and causes progressive cognitive impairment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:507. [PMID: 29725009 PMCID: PMC5938706 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinase smpd3 is most abundantly expressed in neurons of brain. The function of SMPD3 has remained elusive. Here, we report a pathogenetic nexus between absence of SMPD3 in the Golgi compartment (GC) of neurons of the smpd3-/- mouse brain, inhibition of Golgi vesicular protein transport and progressive cognitive impairment. Absence of SMPD3 activity in the Golgi sphingomyelin cycle impedes remodeling of the lipid bilayer, essential for budding and multivesicular body formation. Importantly, we show that inhibition of the Golgi vesicular protein transport causes accumulation of neurotoxic proteins APP, Aβ and phosphorylated Tau, dysproteostasis, unfolded protein response, and apoptosis, which ultimately manifests in progressive cognitive decline, similar to the pathognomonic signatures of familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer´s disease. This discovery might contribute to the search for other primary pathogenic mechanisms, which link perturbed lipid bilayer structures and protein processing and transport in the neuronal Golgi compartment and neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Stoffel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,CMMC (Centre for Molecular Medicine), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,CECAD (Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Britta Jenke
- CMMC (Centre for Molecular Medicine), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Schmidt-Soltau
- CMMC (Centre for Molecular Medicine), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erika Binczek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- CECAD (Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Hammels
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Studies of bioactive lipids in general and sphingolipids in particular have intensified over the past several years, revealing an unprecedented and unanticipated complexity of the lipidome and its many functions, which rivals, if not exceeds, that of the genome or proteome. These results highlight critical roles for bioactive sphingolipids in most, if not all, major cell biological responses, including all major cell signalling pathways, and they link sphingolipid metabolism to key human diseases. Nevertheless, the fairly nascent field of bioactive sphingolipids still faces challenges in its biochemical and molecular underpinnings, including defining the molecular mechanisms of pathway and enzyme regulation, the study of lipid-protein interactions and the development of cellular probes, suitable biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York 11768, USA
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