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Nasimi Shad A, Akhlaghipour I, Alshakarchi HI, Saburi E, Moghbeli M. Role of microRNA-363 during tumor progression and invasion. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01022-1. [PMID: 38691273 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent progresses in diagnostic and therapeutic methods have significantly improved prognosis in cancer patients. However, cancer is still considered as one of the main causes of human deaths in the world. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages can reduce the effectiveness of treatment methods and increase mortality rate of cancer patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression can help to introduce the early diagnostic markers in these patients. MicroRNA (miRNAs) has an important role in regulation of pathophysiological cellular processes. Due to their high stability in body fluids, they are always used as the non-invasive markers in cancer patients. Since, miR-363 deregulation has been reported in a wide range of cancers, we discussed the role of miR-363 during tumor progression and metastasis. It has been reported that miR-363 has mainly a tumor suppressor function through the regulation of transcription factors, apoptosis, cell cycle, and structural proteins. MiR-363 also affected the tumor progression via regulation of various signaling pathways such as WNT, MAPK, TGF-β, NOTCH, and PI3K/AKT. Therefore, miR-363 can be introduced as a probable therapeutic target as well as a non-invasive diagnostic marker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hawraa Ibrahim Alshakarchi
- Al-Zahra Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Prisinzano M, Bernacchioni C, Seidita I, Rossi M, Raeispour M, Cencetti F, Vannuccini S, Fambrini M, Petraglia F, Bruni P, Donati C. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling axis mediates neuropeptide S-induced invasive phenotype of endometriotic cells. FEBS J 2024; 291:1744-1758. [PMID: 38287231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological syndrome characterized by endometrial cell invasion of the extra-uterine milieu, pelvic pain and infertility. Treatment relies on either symptomatic drugs or hormonal therapies, even though the mechanism involved in the onset of endometriosis is yet to be elucidated. The signaling of sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is profoundly dysregulated in endometriosis. Indeed, sphingosine kinase (SK)1, one of the two isoenzymes responsible for S1P biosynthesis, and S1P1, S1P3 and S1P5, three of its five specific receptors, are more highly expressed in endometriotic lesions compared to healthy endometrium. Recently, missense coding variants of the gene encoding the receptor 1 for neuropeptide S (NPS) have been robustly associated with endometriosis in humans. This study aimed to characterize the biological effect of NPS in endometriotic epithelial cells and the possible involvement of the S1P signaling axis in its action. NPS was found to potently induce cell invasion and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Of note, the NPS-induced invasive phenotype was dependent on SK1 and SK2 as well as on S1P1 and S1P3, given that the biological action of the neuropeptide was fully prevented when one of the two biosynthetic enzymes or one of the two selective receptors was inhibited or silenced. Furthermore, the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, downstream to S1P receptor signaling, was found to be critically implicated in invasion and cytoskeletal remodeling elicited by NPS. These findings provide new information to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in endometriosis pathogenesis, establishing the rationale for non-hormonal therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Prisinzano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Isabelle Seidita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maryam Raeispour
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fambrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
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3
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Jiang X, Gu Q, Yao J, Wang X, Wu J. Unveiling the landscape of cytokine research in glioma immunotherapy: a scientometrics analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1333124. [PMID: 38259287 PMCID: PMC10800575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1333124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytokines modulate the glioma tumor microenvironment, influencing occurrence, progression, and treatment response. Strategic cytokine application may improve glioma immunotherapy outcomes. Gliomas remain refractory to standard therapeutic modalities, but immunotherapy shows promise given the integral immunomodulatory roles of cytokines. However, systematic evaluation of cytokine glioma immunotherapy research is absent. Bibliometric mapping of the research landscape, recognition of impactful contributions, and elucidation of evolutive trajectories and hot topics has yet to occur, potentially guiding future efforts. Here, we analyzed the structure, evolution, trends, and hotspots of the cytokine glioma immunotherapy research field, subsequently focusing on avenues for future investigation. Methods: This investigation conducted comprehensive bibliometric analyses on a corpus of 1529 English-language publications, from 1 January 2000, to 4 October 2023, extracted from the Web of Science database. The study employed tools including Microsoft Excel, Origin, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package, to systematically assess trends in publication, contributions from various countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as to examine literature co-citation and keyword distributions within the domain of cytokines for glioma immunotherapy. The application of these methodologies facilitated a detailed exploration of the hotspots, the underlying knowledge structure, and the developments in the field of cytokines for glioma immunotherapy. Results: This bibliometric analysis revealed an exponential growth in annual publications, with the United States, China, and Germany as top contributors. Reviews constituted 17% and research articles 83% of total publications. Analysis of keywords like "interleukin-13," "TGF-beta," and "dendritic cells" indicated progression from foundational cytokine therapies to sophisticated understanding of the tumor microenvironment and immune dynamics. Key research avenues encompassed the tumor microenvironment, epidermal growth factor receptor, clinical trials, and interleukin pathways. This comprehensive quantitative mapping of the glioma immunotherapy cytokine literature provides valuable insights to advance future research and therapeutic development. Conclusion: This study has identified remaining knowledge gaps regarding the role of cytokines in glioma immunotherapy. Future research will likely focus on the tumor microenvironment, cancer vaccines, epidermal growth factor receptor, and interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2. Glioma immunotherapy development will continue through investigations into resistance mechanisms, microglia and macrophage biology, and interactions within the complex tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Gamma Knife Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Neurological Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhan Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahao Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianghua Wu
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
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Wongviriya A, Shelton RM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Landini G. The relationship between sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor in migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:65. [PMID: 37038210 PMCID: PMC10088162 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator and its binding to the S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) is reported to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce migration and invasion in tumour cells. Since binding of S1P to S1PR2 and EGF to the EGF receptors exhibit some overlapping functionality, this study aimed to determine whether S1PR2 was involved in EGF-induced migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lines and to identify any potential crosstalk between the two pathways. Migration was investigated using the scratch wound assay while invasion was studied using the transwell invasion and multicellular tumour spheroid (MCTS) assays. Activity of Rac1, a RhoGTPase, was measured using G-LISA (small GTPase activation assays) while S1P production was indirectly measured via the expression of sphingosine kinase (Sphk). S1PR2 inhibition with 10 µM JTE013 reduced EGF-induced migration, invasion and Rac1 activity, however, stimulation of S1PR2 with 10 µM CYM5478 did not enhance the effect of EGF on migration, invasion or Rac1 activity. The data demonstrated a crosstalk between EGF/EGFR and S1P/S1PR2 pathways at the metabolic level. S1PR2 was not involved in EGF production, but EGF promoted S1P production through the upregulation of Sphk1. In conclusion, OSCC lines could not migrate and invade without S1PR2 regulation, even with EGF stimulation. EGF also activated S1PR2 by stimulating S1P production via Sphk1. The potential for S1PR2 to control cellular motility may lead to promising treatments for OSCC patients and potentially prevent or reduce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjabhak Wongviriya
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard M Shelton
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Rowe WJ, Lebman DA, Ohman DE. Mechanism of resistance to phagocytosis and pulmonary persistence in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1125901. [PMID: 37009499 PMCID: PMC10050686 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1125901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosa is known for its ability to form biofilms, which are dependent on the production of exopolysaccharides. During chronic colonization of the airway and biofilm formation, P. aeruginosa converts to a mucoid phenotype, indicating production of the exopolysaccharide alginate. The mucoid phenotype promotes resistance to phagocytic killing, but the mechanism has not been established.Methods and ResultsTo better understand the mechanism of phagocytic evasion conferred by alginate production, Human (THP-1) and murine (MH-S) macrophage cell lines were used to determine the effects of alginate production on macrophage binding, signaling and phagocytosis. Phagocytosis assays using mucoid clinical isolate FRD1 and its non-mucoid algD mutant showed that alginate production inhibited opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis, but exogenous alginate was not protective. Alginate caused a decrease in binding to murine macrophages. Blocking antibodies to CD11b and CD14 showed that these receptors were important for phagocytosis and were blocked by alginate. Furthermore, alginate production decreased the activation of signaling pathways required for phagocytosis. Mucoid and non-mucoid bacteria induced similar levels of MIP-2 from murine macrophages.DiscussionThis study demonstrated for the first time that alginate on the bacterial surface inhibits receptor-ligand interactions important for phagocytosis. Our data suggest that there is a selection for alginate conversion that blocks the earliest steps in phagocytosis, leading to persistence during chronic pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J. Rowe
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Deborah A. Lebman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dennis E. Ohman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- Research Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dennis E. Ohman,
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Romero DJ, Pescio LG, Santacreu BJ, Mosca JM, Sterin-Speziale NB, Favale NO. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 plays a dual role depending on the stage of cell differentiation in renal epithelial cells. Life Sci 2023; 316:121404. [PMID: 36681184 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial renal cells have the ability to adopt different cellular phenotypes through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). These processes are increasingly recognized as important repair factors following acute renal tubular injury. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with impact on proliferation, growth, migration, and differentiation which has significant implication in various diseases including cancer and kidney fibrosis. Here we demonstrated that S1P can exert by activating S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) different functions depending on the stage of cell differentiation. We observed that the differences in the migratory profile of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells depend both on their stage of cell differentiation and the activity of S1PR2, a receptor that can either promote or inhibit the migratory process. Meanwhile in non-differentiated cells S1PR2 activation avoids migration, it is essential on fully differentiated cells. This is the first time that an antagonist effect of S1PR2 was reported for the same cell type. Moreover, in fully differentiated cells, S1PR2 activation is crucial for the progression of EMT - characterized by adherent junctions disassembly, β-catenin and SNAI2 nuclear translocation and vimentin expression- and depends on ERK 1/2 activation and nuclear translocation. These findings provide a new perspective about the different S1PR2 functions depending on the stage of cell differentiation that can be critical to the modulation of renal epithelial cell plasticity, potentially paving the way for innovative research with pathophysiologic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Judith Romero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Gisele Pescio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Jaime Santacreu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jazmín María Mosca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Beatriz Sterin-Speziale
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicios de Péptidos y Proteínas - Espectrometría de Masa (LANAIS PROEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Octavio Favale
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Manni W, Min W. Signaling pathways in the regulation of cancer stem cells and associated targeted therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e176. [PMID: 36226253 PMCID: PMC9534377 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of malignant tumor cells with selective capacities for tumor initiation, self-renewal, metastasis, and unlimited growth into bulks, which are believed as a major cause of progressive tumor phenotypes, including recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. A number of signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties and survival of CSCs, including well-established intrinsic pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling, and extrinsic pathways, such as the vascular microenvironment and tumor-associated immune cells. There is also intricate crosstalk between these signal cascades and other oncogenic pathways. Thus, targeting pathway molecules that regulate CSCs provides a new option for the treatment of therapy-resistant or -refractory tumors. These treatments include small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies that target key signaling in CSCs, as well as CSC-directed immunotherapies that harness the immune systems to target CSCs. This review aims to provide an overview of the regulating networks and their immune interactions involved in CSC development. We also address the update on the development of CSC-directed therapeutics, with a special focus on those with application approval or under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Manni
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Wu Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
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8
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Yanagida S, Ono A, Yasuhiko Y, Kanda Y. Transforming Growth Factor Beta Promotes the Expansion of Cancer Stem Cells <i>via</i> S1PR3 by Ligand-Independent Notch Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:649-658. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yukuto Yasuhiko
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Lee C, Chen Y, Hernandez E, Pong R, Ma S, Hofstad M, Kapur P, Zhau H, Chung LWK, Lai C, Lin H, Lee M, Raj GV, Hsieh J. The central role of Sphingosine kinase 1 in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC): A new targeted therapy of NEPC. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e695. [PMID: 35184376 PMCID: PMC8858611 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is often diagnosed as a sub‐type from the castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) recurred from the second generation of anti‐androgen treatment and is a rapidly progressive fatal disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the trans‐differentiation from CRPC to NEPC are not fully characterized, which hampers the development of effective targeted therapy. Methods Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to determine the clinical correlation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in CRPC progression. To investigate the transcriptional regulation SphK1 and neuroendocrine (NE) transcription factor genes, both chromosome immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed. To demonstrate the role of SphK1 in NEPC development, neurosphere assay was carried out along with several biomarkers determined by quantitative PCR and western blot. Furthermore, in vivo NEPC xenograft models and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model were employed to determine the effect of SphK1 inhibitors and target validation. Results Significant prevalence of SphK1 in NEPC development is observed from clinical datasets. SphK1 is transcriptionally repressed by androgen receptor‐RE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) complex. Furthermore, sphingosine 1‐phosphate produced by SphK1 can modulate REST protein turnover via MAPK signaling pathway. Also, decreased REST protein levels enhance the expression of NE markers in CRPC, enabling the transition to NEPC. Finally, specific SphK1 inhibitors can effectively inhibit the growth of NEPC tumors and block the REST protein degradation in PDX. Conclusions SphK1 plays a central role in NEPC development, which offers a new target for this lethal cancer using clinically approved SphK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Fan Lee
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐An Chen
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Rey‐Chen Pong
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Mia Hofstad
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Urology and Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Haiyen Zhau
- Uro‐Oncology Research Department of Medicine Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Leland WK Chung
- Uro‐Oncology Research Department of Medicine Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
| | - Chih‐Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Jer‐Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
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Roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Focus on Sphingosine 1-Shosphate Receptors, Angiotensin II Receptors, and Estrogen-Related GPCRs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112988. [PMID: 34831211 PMCID: PMC8616429 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are common and devastating diseases around the world. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of GI cancers, the mortality rates remain high, indicating a real need to explore the complex pathogenesis and develop more effective therapeutics for GI cancers. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical signaling molecules involved in various biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, and death, as well as immune responses and inflammation regulation. Substantial evidence has demonstrated crucial roles of GPCRs in the development of GI cancers, which provided an impetus for further research regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms and drug discovery of GI cancers. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs), angiotensin II receptors, estrogen-related GPCRs, and some other important GPCRs in the development of colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancer, and explore the potential of GPCRs as therapeutic targets.
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11
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Veen LM, Skrabanja TLP, Derks S, de Gruijl TD, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. The role of transforming growth factor β in upper gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102285. [PMID: 34536730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal and gastric malignancies are associated with poor prognosis, in part due to development of recurrences or metastases after curative treatment. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway might play a role in the development of treatment resistance. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of preclinical studies investigating the role of TGF-β in esophageal and gastric malignancies. We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE for eligible preclinical studies describing the effect of TGF-β or TGF-β inhibition on hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and immune evasion. In total, 2107 records were screened and 45 articles were included, using mouse models and 45 different cell lines. TGF-β failed to induce apoptosis in twelve of sixteen tested cell lines. TGF-β could either decrease (five cell lines) or increase proliferation (seven cell lines) in gastric cancer cells, but had no effect in esophageal cancer cells. In all esophageal and all but two gastric cancer cell lines, TGF-β increased migratory, adhesive and invasive capacities. In vivo studies showed increased metastasis in response to TGF-β treatment. Additionally, TGF-β was shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor production and differentiation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, we found that TGF-β enhances hallmarks of cancer in most gastric and esophageal cancer cell lines, but not in all. Therefore, targeting the TGF-β pathway could be an attractive strategy in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer, but additional clinical trials are needed to define patient groups who would benefit most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde M Veen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim L P Skrabanja
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Drexler Y, Molina J, Mitrofanova A, Fornoni A, Merscher S. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolism and Signaling in Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:9-31. [PMID: 33376112 PMCID: PMC7894665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites have gained attention because of their essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Studies in models of experimental and clinical nephropathies have described accumulation of sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolites, and it has become clear that the intracellular sphingolipid composition of renal cells is an important determinant of renal function. Proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier depends heavily on the integrity of lipid rafts, which include sphingolipids as key components. In addition to contributing to the structural integrity of membranes, sphingolipid metabolites, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), play important roles as second messengers regulating biologic processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. This review will focus on the role of S1P in renal cells and how aberrant extracellular and intracellular S1P signaling contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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13
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Lipid metabolic Reprogramming: Role in Melanoma Progression and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113147. [PMID: 33121001 PMCID: PMC7692067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a devastating skin cancer characterized by an impressive metabolic plasticity. Melanoma cells are able to adapt to the tumor microenvironment by using a variety of fuels that contribute to tumor growth and progression. In this review, the authors summarize the contribution of the lipid metabolic network in melanoma plasticity and aggressiveness, with a particular attention to specific lipid classes such as glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and eicosanoids. They also highlight the role of adipose tissue in tumor progression as well as the potential antitumor role of drugs targeting critical steps of lipid metabolic pathways in the context of melanoma. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of melanoma. It is driven both by oncogenic events and the constraints imposed by a nutrient- and oxygen-scarce microenvironment. Among the most prominent metabolic reprogramming features is an increased rate of lipid synthesis. Lipids serve as a source of energy and form the structural foundation of all membranes, but have also emerged as mediators that not only impact classical oncogenic signaling pathways, but also contribute to melanoma progression. Various alterations in fatty acid metabolism have been reported and can contribute to melanoma cell aggressiveness. Elevated expression of the key lipogenic fatty acid synthase is associated with tumor cell invasion and poor prognosis. Fatty acid uptake from the surrounding microenvironment, fatty acid β-oxidation and storage also appear to play an essential role in tumor cell migration. The aim of this review is (i) to focus on the major alterations affecting lipid storage organelles and lipid metabolism. A particular attention has been paid to glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and eicosanoids, (ii) to discuss how these metabolic dysregulations contribute to the phenotype plasticity of melanoma cells and/or melanoma aggressiveness, and (iii) to highlight therapeutic approaches targeting lipid metabolism that could be applicable for melanoma treatment.
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Carrié L, Virazels M, Dufau C, Montfort A, Levade T, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N. New Insights into the Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E1967. [PMID: 32858889 PMCID: PMC7565650 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a deadly skin cancer whose aggressiveness is directly linked to its metastatic potency. Despite remarkable breakthroughs in term of treatments with the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic patients remains uncertain mainly because of resistances. Better understanding the mechanisms responsible for melanoma progression is therefore essential to uncover new therapeutic targets. Interestingly, the sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in melanoma and is associated with melanoma progression and resistance to treatment. This review summarises the impact of the sphingolipid metabolism on melanoma from the initiation to metastatic dissemination with emphasis on melanoma plasticity, immune responses and resistance to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorry Carrié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Mathieu Virazels
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Carine Dufau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Anne Montfort
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Thierry Levade
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
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Vaidya A, Jain S, Sahu S, Jain PK, Pathak K, Pathak D, Kumar R, Jain SK. Anticancer Agents Based on Vulnerable Components in a Signalling Pathway. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:886-907. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200212105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy
that are clinically beneficial, but are associated with drawbacks such as drug resistance and side
effects. In quest for better treatment, many new molecular targets have been introduced in the last few
decades. Finding new molecular mechanisms encourages researchers to discover new anticancer agents.
Exploring the mechanism of action also facilitates anticipation of potential resistance mechanisms and
optimization of rational combination therapies. The write up describes the leading molecular mechanisms
for cancer therapy, including mTOR, tyrosine Wee1 kinase (WEE1), Janus kinases, PI3K/mTOR
signaling pathway, serine/threonine protein kinase AKT, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), maternal embryonic
leucine-zipper kinase (MELK), DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
(PARP)-1/-2, sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2), pan-FGFR, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), murine double minute
2 (MDM2), Bcl-2 family protein and reactive oxygen species 1 (ROS1). Additionally, the manuscript
reviews the anticancer drugs currently under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Vaidya
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Sir MadanLal Institute of Pharmacy, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Sanjeev Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Jain
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Devender Pathak
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sukocheva OA, Furuya H, Ng ML, Friedemann M, Menschikowski M, Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Klochkov SG, Neganova ME, Mangoni AA, Aliev G, Bishayee A. Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway in inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and cancers: A novel therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 207:107464. [PMID: 31863815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and malignancies are associated with growing morbidity and cancer-related mortality worldwide. GI tumor and inflammatory cells contain activated sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes, including sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and SphK2, that generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a highly bioactive compound. Many inflammatory responses, including lymphocyte trafficking, are directed by circulatory S1P, present in high concentrations in both the plasma and the lymph of cancer patients. High fat and sugar diet, disbalanced intestinal flora, and obesity have recently been linked to activation of inflammation and SphK/S1P/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling in various GI pathologies, including cancer. SphK1 overexpression and activation facilitate and enhance the development and progression of esophageal, gastric, and colon cancers. SphK/S1P axis, a mediator of inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, has recently been defined as a target for the treatment of GI disease states, including inflammatory bowel disease and colitis. Several SphK1 inhibitors and S1PR antagonists have been developed as novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of SphK/S1P signaling in GI tissues and critically appraise recent studies on the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in inflammatory GI disorders and cancers. The potential role of SphK/S1PR inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated GI diseases, including GI cancer, is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital `Carl Gustav Carus`, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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17
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Activation of sphingosine kinase by lipopolysaccharide promotes prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis via SphK1/S1PR4/matriptase. Oncogene 2019; 38:5580-5598. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Costales MG, Hoch DG, Abegg D, Childs-Disney JL, Velagapudi SP, Adibekian A, Disney MD. A Designed Small Molecule Inhibitor of a Non-Coding RNA Sensitizes HER2 Negative Cancers to Herceptin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2960-2974. [PMID: 30726072 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A small molecule (1) with overlapping affinity for two microRNA (miRNA) precursors was used to inform design of a dimeric compound (2) selective for one of the miRNAs. In particular, 2 selectively targets the microRNA(miR)-515 hairpin precursor to inhibit production of miR-515 that represses sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Application of 2 to breast cancer cells enhanced SK1 and S1P levels, triggering a migratory phenotype. Knockout of SK1, forced overexpression of miR-515, and application of a small molecule SK1 inhibitor all ablated 2's effect on phenotype, consistent with its designed mode of action. Target profiling studies via Chem-CLIP showed that 2 bound selectively to the miR-515 hairpin precursor in cells. Global neoprotein synthesis upon addition of 2 to MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated 2's selectivity and upregulation of cancer-associated proteins regulated by S1P. The most upregulated protein was human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2/HER2), which is regulated by the SK1/S1P pathway and is normally not expressed in MCF-7 cells. Like triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, the lack of HER2 renders them insusceptible to Herceptin and its antibody-drug conjugate Kadcyla. In addition to proteomics, an RNA-seq study supports that 2 has limited off target effects and other studies support that 2 is more selective than an oligonucleotide. We therefore hypothesized that 2 could sensitize MCF-7 cells to anti-HER2 therapies. Indeed, application of 2 sensitized cells to Herceptin. These results were confirmed in two other cell lines that express miR-515 and are HER2-, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and the TNBC line MDA-MB-231. Importantly, normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) that do not express miR-515 are not affected by 2. These observations suggest a precision medicine approach to sensitize HER2- cancers to approved anticancer medicines. This study has implications for broadening the therapeutic utility of known targeted cancer therapeutics by using a secondary targeted approach to render otherwise insensitive cells, sensitive to a targeted therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Costales
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Dominic G Hoch
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Jessica L Childs-Disney
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Sai Pradeep Velagapudi
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
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Abstract
While normal angiogenesis is critical for development and tissue growth, pathological angiogenesis is important for the growth and spread of cancers by supplying nutrients and oxygen as well as providing a conduit for distant metastasis. The interaction among extracellular matrix molecules, tumor cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells is critical in pathological angiogenesis, in which various angiogenic growth factors, chemokines, and lipid mediators produced from these cells as well as hypoxic microenvironment promote angiogenesis by regulating expression and/or activity of various related genes. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, bioactive lipid mediators which act via specific G protein-coupled receptors, play critical roles in angiogenesis. In addition, other lipid mediators including prostaglandin E2, lipoxin, and resolvins are produced in a stimulus-dependent manner and have pro- or anti-angiogenic effects, presumably through their specific GPCRs. Dysregulated lipid mediator signaling pathways are observed in the contxt of some tumors. This review will focus on LPA and S1P, two bioactive lipid mediators in their regulation of angiogenesis and cell migration that are critical for tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hisano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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20
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Kennedy L, Alpini G. Therapeutic Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 in the Progression of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1949-1952. [PMID: 30026028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the article by Liu et al that provides novel mechanistic insights in how conjugated bile acids promote invasive growth of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Research Service, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research Service, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas.
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21
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Dong J, Geng J, Tan W. MiR-363-3p suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer via targeting SphK2. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:922-931. [PMID: 30021386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-363-3p is seen in a wide array of cancers. The exact function of miR-363-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. In the current study, we observed a down-regulation of miR-363-3p in CRC tissues, along with a strong correlation between low miR-363-3p levels and clinico-pathological parameters like tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Ectopic overexpression of miR-363-3p in HT29 and HCT116 cell lines effectively inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis. Concurrently, miR-363-3p inhibition facilitated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. Consistent with the in vitro findings, tumor growth and metastasis were also suppressed by the overexpression of miR-363-3p in vivo. Furthermore, miR-363-3p overexpression resulted in a significant decrease in SphK2 mRNA and protein levels, while miR-363-3p inhibition elevated SphK2 levels in CRC cell lines. Overexpression of SphK2 significantly abrogated the effects of miR-363-3p on cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. Taken together, our findings establish miR-363-3p as a potential tumor suppressor in CRC with SphK2 as its downstream target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlang Dong
- Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jianshan Geng
- The 2nd People's Hospital of Laiyang, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Tan
- Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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22
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Signaling Crosstalk of TGF-β/ALK5 and PAR2/PAR1: A Complex Regulatory Network Controlling Fibrosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061568. [PMID: 29795022 PMCID: PMC6032192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and agonists of the G Protein-coupled receptors proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and -2 (PAR2) have been linked to tissue fibrosis and cancer. Intriguingly, TGF-β and PAR signaling either converge on the regulation of certain matrix genes overexpressed in these pathologies or display mutual regulation of their signaling components, which is mediated in part through sphingosine kinases and sphingosine-1-phosphate and indicative of an intimate signaling crosstalk between the two pathways. In the first part of this review, we summarize the various regulatory interactions that have been discovered so far according to the organ/tissue in which they were described. In the second part, we highlight the types of signaling crosstalk between TGF-β on the one hand and PAR2/PAR1 on the other hand. Both ligand–receptor systems interact at various levels and by several mechanisms including mutual regulation of ligand–ligand, ligand–receptor, and receptor–receptor at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and receptor transactivation levels. These mutual interactions between PAR2/PAR1 and TGF-β signaling components eventually result in feed-forward loops/vicious cycles of matrix deposition and malignant traits that exacerbate fibrosis and oncogenesis, respectively. Given the crucial role of PAR2 and PAR1 in controlling TGF-β receptor activation, signaling, TGF-β synthesis and bioactivation, combining PAR inhibitors with TGF-β blocking agents may turn out to be more efficient than targeting TGF-β alone in alleviating unwanted TGF-β-dependent responses but retaining the beneficial ones.
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Tong S, Chen SC, Xu KY, Fang B, Wang SH, Wang JJ. 14-3-3ζ promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion by repressing S1PR2 protein expression through NF-κB signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 643:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Shuptrine CW, Ajina R, Fertig EJ, Jablonski SA, Kim Lyerly H, Hartman ZC, Weiner LM. An unbiased in vivo functional genomics screening approach in mice identifies novel tumor cell-based regulators of immune rejection. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1529-1544. [PMID: 28770278 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical successes of immune checkpoint therapies for cancer make it important to identify mechanisms of resistance to anti-tumor immune responses. Numerous resistance mechanisms have been identified employing studies of single genes or pathways, thereby parsing the tumor microenvironment complexity into tractable pieces. However, this limits the potential for novel gene discovery to in vivo immune attack. To address this challenge, we developed an unbiased in vivo genome-wide RNAi screening platform that leverages host immune selection in strains of immune-competent and immunodeficient mice to select for tumor cell-based genes that regulate in vivo sensitivity to immune attack. Utilizing this approach in a syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, we identified 709 genes that selectively regulated adaptive anti-tumor immunity and focused on five genes (CD47, TGFβ1, Sgpl1, Tex9 and Pex14) with the greatest impact. We validated the mechanisms that underlie the immune-related effects of expression of these genes in different TNBC lines, as well as tandem synergistic interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of different genes with previously unknown immune functions (Tex9 and Pex14) on anti-tumor immunity. Thus, this innovative approach has utility in identifying unknown tumor-specific regulators of immune recognition in multiple settings to reveal novel targets for future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Shuptrine
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Reham Ajina
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Division of Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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Oh YT, Yue P, Sun SY. DR5 suppression induces sphingosine-1-phosphate-dependent TRAF2 polyubiquitination, leading to activation of JNK/AP-1 and promotion of cancer cell invasion. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:18. [PMID: 28482915 PMCID: PMC5422905 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Death receptor (DR5), a well-characterized death domain-containing cell surface pro-apoptotic protein, has been suggested to suppress cancer cell invasion and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Our recent work demonstrates that DR5 suppression promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis through caspase-8/TRAF2-mediated activation of ERK and JNK signaling and MMP1 elevation. The current study aimed at addressing the mechanism through which TRAF2 is activated in a caspase-8 dependent manner. Results DR5 knockdown increased TRAF2 polyubiquitination, a critical event for TRAF2-mediated JNK/AP-1 activation. Suppression of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) generation or depletion of casapse-8 inhibited not only enhancement of cell invasion, but also elevation and polyubiquitination of TRAF2, activation of JNK/AP-1 activation and increased expression of MMP1 induced by DR5 knockdown. Conclusions Both S1P and caspase-8 are critical for TRAF2 stabilization, polyubiquitination, subsequent activation of JNK/AP1 signaling and MMP1 expression and final promotion of cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Take Oh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, 1365-C Clifton Road, Clinical Building C3088, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, 1365-C Clifton Road, Clinical Building C3088, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, 1365-C Clifton Road, Clinical Building C3088, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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26
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Zhao J, Liu J, Lee JF, Zhang W, Kandouz M, VanHecke GC, Chen S, Ahn YH, Lonardo F, Lee MJ. TGF-β/SMAD3 Pathway Stimulates Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Receptor 3 Expression: IMPLICATION OF SPHINGOSINE-1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR 3 IN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA PROGRESSION. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27343-27353. [PMID: 27856637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that levels of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) are increased in a panel of cultured human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and that S1PR3-mediated signaling pathways regulate proliferation, soft agar growth, and invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro In the present study, we examine S1PR3 levels in human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. cDNA array and tumor microarray analysis shows that mRNA and protein levels of S1PR3 are significantly increased in human lung adenocarcinomas when compared with normal lung epithelial cells. Promoter analysis shows 16 candidate SMAD3 binding sites in the promoter region of S1PR3. ChIP indicates that TGF-β treatment stimulates the binding of SMAD3 to the promoter region of S1PR3. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrates that SMAD3 transactivates S1PR3 promoter. TGF-β stimulation or ectopic expression of TGF-β up-regulates S1PR3 levels in vitro and ex vivo Pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β receptor or SMAD3 abrogates the TGF-β-stimulated S1PR3 up-regulation. Moreover, S1PR3 knockdown dramatically inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of S1PR3 promotes the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in animals. Pharmacological inhibition of S1PR3 profoundly inhibits the growth of lung carcinoma in mice. Our studies suggest that levels of S1PR3 are up-regulated in human lung adenocarcinomas, at least in part due to the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling axis. Furthermore, S1PR3 activity promotes the progression of human lung adenocarcinomas. Therefore, S1PR3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of deadly lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shiyou Chen
- the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | | | - Fulvio Lonardo
- From the Departments of Pathology and.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, and
| | - Menq-Jer Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology and .,Karmanos Cancer Institute, and.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201 and
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Mrad M, Imbert C, Garcia V, Rambow F, Therville N, Carpentier S, Ségui B, Levade T, Azar R, Marine JC, Diab-Assaf M, Colacios C, Andrieu-Abadie N. Downregulation of sphingosine kinase-1 induces protective tumor immunity by promoting M1 macrophage response in melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:71873-71886. [PMID: 27708249 PMCID: PMC5342129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of melanoma tumors by macrophages is often correlated with poor prognosis. However, the molecular signals that regulate the dialogue between malignant cells and the inflammatory microenvironment remain poorly understood. We previously reported an increased expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), which produces the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in melanoma. The present study aimed at defining the role of tumor SK1 in the recruitment and differentiation of macrophages in melanoma. Herein, we show that downregulation of SK1 in melanoma cells causes a reduction in the percentage of CD206highMHCIIlow M2 macrophages in favor of an increased proportion of CD206lowMHCIIhigh M1 macrophages into the tumor. This macrophage differentiation orchestrates T lymphocyte recruitment as well as tumor rejection through the expression of Th1 cytokines and chemokines. In vitro experiments indicated that macrophage migration is triggered by the binding of tumor S1P to S1PR1 receptors present on macrophages whereas macrophage differentiation is stimulated by SK1-induced secretion of TGF-β1. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of human melanoma tumors revealed a positive correlation between SK1 and TGF-β1 expression. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that melanoma SK1 plays a key role in the recruitment and phenotypic shift of the tumor macrophages that promote melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Mrad
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Molecular Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Pharmacology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Caroline Imbert
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicole Therville
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Carpentier
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rania Azar
- Molecular Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Pharmacology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Molecular Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Pharmacology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Céline Colacios
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
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28
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Rodriguez YI, Campos LE, Castro MG, Aladhami A, Oskeritzian CA, Alvarez SE. Sphingosine-1 Phosphate: A New Modulator of Immune Plasticity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2016; 6:218. [PMID: 27800303 PMCID: PMC5066089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, increasing evidences demonstrate a strong link between sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and both normal physiology and progression of different diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Indeed, numerous studies show that tissue levels of this sphingolipid metabolite are augmented in many cancers, affecting survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Recent insights into the possible role of S1P as a therapeutic target has attracted enormous attention and opened new opportunities in this evolving field. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in cancer, with particular emphasis in new developments that highlight the many functions of this sphingolipid in the tumor microenvironment. We will discuss how S1P modulates phenotypic plasticity of macrophages and mast cells, tumor-induced immune evasion, differentiation and survival of immune cells in the tumor milieu, interaction between cancer and stromal cells, and hypoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila I Rodriguez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ludmila E Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Melina G Castro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ahmed Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Sergio E Alvarez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET, San Luis, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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29
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Combined targeting of TGF-β, EGFR and HER2 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in a pancreatic cancer model. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:143-53. [PMID: 27267807 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are aggressive with frequent lymphatic spread. By analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we determined that ~35% of PDACs have a pro-angiogenic gene signature. We now show that the same PDACs exhibit increased expression of lymphangiogenic genes and lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers, and that LEC abundance in human PDACs correlates with endothelial cell microvessel density. Lymphangiogenic genes and LECs are also elevated in murine PDACs arising in the KRC (mutated Kras; deleted RB) and KIC (mutated Kras; deleted INK4a) genetic models. Moreover, pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) derived from KRC tumors express and secrete high levels of lymphangiogenic factors, including the EGF receptor ligand, amphiregulin. Importantly, TGF-β1 increases lymphangiogenic genes and amphiregulin expression in KRC PCCs but not in murine PCCs that lack SMAD4, and combinatorial targeting of the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) with LY2157299 and EGFR/HER2 with lapatinib suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in a syngeneic orthotopic model, and attenuates tumor lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis while reducing lymphangiogenic genes and amphiregulin and enhancing apoptosis. Therefore, this combination could be beneficial in PDACs with lymphangiogenic or angiogenic gene signatures.
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30
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Nema R, Vishwakarma S, Agarwal R, Panday RK, Kumar A. Emerging role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3269-80. [PMID: 27330306 PMCID: PMC4898435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer type, with an annual incidence of approximately half a million people worldwide. It has a high recurrence rate and an extremely low survival rate. This is due to limited availability of effective therapies to reduce the rate of recurrence, resulting in high morbidity and mortality of patients with advanced stages of the disease. HNSCC often develops resistance to chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy. Thus, to overcome the problem of drug resistance, there is a need to explore novel drug targets. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in inflammation, tumor progression, and angiogenesis. S1P is synthesized intracellularly by two sphingosine kinases (SphKs). It can be exported to the extracellular space, where it can activate a family of G-protein-coupled receptors. Alternatively, S1P can act as an intracellular second messenger. SphK1 regulates tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance in HNSCC. SphK1 expression is highly elevated in advanced stage HNSCC tumors and correlates with poor survival. In this article, we review current knowledge regarding the role of S1P receptors and enzymes of S1P metabolism in HNSCC carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we summarize the current perspectives on therapeutic approaches for targeting S1P pathway for treating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Nema
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Supriya Vishwakarma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Indrapuri, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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31
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Whetton AD, Azmi NC, Pearson S, Jaworska E, Zhang L, Blance R, Kendall AC, Nicolaou A, Taylor S, Williamson AJ, Pierce A. MPL W515L expression induces TGFβ secretion and leads to an increase in chemokinesis via phosphorylation of THOC5. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10739-55. [PMID: 26919114 PMCID: PMC4905435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) has been shown to be mutated (MPL W515L) in myelofibrosis and thrombocytosis yet new approaches to treat this disorder are still required. We have previously shown that transcriptome and proteomic effects do not correlate well in oncogene-mediated leukemogenesis. We therefore investigated the effects of MPL W515L using proteomics. The consequences of MPL W515L expression on over 3300 nuclear and 3500 cytoplasmic proteins were assessed using relative quantification mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that MPL W515L expression markedly modulates the CXCL12/CXCR4/CD45 pathway associated with stem and progenitor cell chemotactic movement. We also demonstrated that MPL W515L expressing cells displayed increased chemokinesis which required the MPL W515L-mediated dysregulation of MYC expression via phosphorylation of the RNA transport protein THOC5 on tyrosine 225. In addition MPL W515L expression induced TGFβ secretion which is linked to sphingosine 1-phosphate production and the increased chemokinesis. These studies identify several pathways which offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of MPL W515L-driven malignancy. We validate our approach by showing that CD34+ cells from MPL W515L positive patients display increased chemokinesis and that treatment with a combination of MYC and sphingosine kinase inhibitors leads to the preferential killing of MPL W515L expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Norhaida Che Azmi
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stella Pearson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ewa Jaworska
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rognvald Blance
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra C. Kendall
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J.K. Williamson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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32
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A selective ATP-competitive sphingosine kinase inhibitor demonstrates anti-cancer properties. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7065-83. [PMID: 25788259 PMCID: PMC4466670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic balance of cellular sphingolipids, the sphingolipid rheostat, is an important determinant of cell fate, and is commonly deregulated in cancer. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a signaling molecule with anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic effects, while conversely, ceramide and sphingosine are pro-apoptotic. The sphingosine kinases (SKs) are key regulators of this sphingolipid rheostat, and are attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. Here we report a first-in-class ATP-binding site-directed small molecule SK inhibitor, MP-A08, discovered using an approach of structural homology modelling of the ATP-binding site of SK1 and in silico docking with small molecule libraries. MP-A08 is a highly selective ATP competitive SK inhibitor that targets both SK1 and SK2. MP-A08 blocks pro-proliferative signalling pathways, induces mitochondrial-associated apoptosis in a SK-dependent manner, and reduces the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma tumours in a mouse xenograft model by both inducing tumour cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumour angiogenesis. Thus, this selective ATP competitive SK inhibitor provides a promising candidate for potential development as an anti-cancer therapy, and also, due to its different mode of inhibition to other known SK inhibitors, both validates the SKs as targets for anti-cancer therapy, and represents an important experimental tool to study these enzymes.
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33
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Zhang L, Liu X, Zuo Z, Hao C, Ma Y. Sphingosine kinase 2 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion by enhancing MYC expression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8455-60. [PMID: 26733171 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and causes of cancer death in developed countries. SphK2 is overexpressed in a number of aggressive human carcinomas; however, the expression profile and potential function of SphK2 in CRC are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the SphK2 expression in tumoral tissue and the matched normal mucosae using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We also evaluated the impact of SphK2 knockdown on CRC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro. SphK2 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissue as compared to the matched normal mucosae, and significant overexpression was found in the LoVo CRC cell line. SphK2 depletion by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the CRC cell line was found to affect cell proliferation and cell migration. Our data suggest that the pathogenesis of CRC maybe mediated by SphK2, and SphK2 could represent a selective target for the molecularly targeted treatments of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Nursing Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Nursing Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 2, Section 5, Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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34
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Sun E, Zhang W, Wang L, Wang A, Ma C, Lei M, Zhou X, Sun Y, Lu B, Liu L, Han R. Down-regulation of Sphk2 suppresses bladder cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2016. [PMID: 26224479 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy around the world and is by far the most frequent urological malignancy in China. The abnormal expression of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is associated with tumor progression and a poor patient survival rate, however, the effect of SphK2 on the bladder cancer cells remains unclear. The aim of the paper was to study the expression of SphK2 in bladder cancer and the role of SphK2 on the cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in bladder cancer in vitro. Our results showed that SphK2 is up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues, and the expression level of SphK2 was significantly higher in human bladder cancer cells in comparison with normal bladder epithelial cells. Silencing of SphK2 could inhibit the proliferation ability of T24 cells in vitro. In addition, SphK2 knockdown could induce a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the transwell assay also showed significant cell migration inhibition in SphK2 siRNA transfectant compared with cell lines transfected with NC. Thus, this study suggested that SphK2 inhibition may provide a promising treatment for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Sun
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- School of life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengquan Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingde Lei
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifa Han
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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35
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Liu W, Ning J, Li C, Hu J, Meng Q, Lu H, Cai L. Overexpression of Sphk2 is associated with gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6331-6. [PMID: 26628299 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and 80 % of them are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. Recent studies have shown that sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) could promote tumor progression; however, whether SphK2 could affect the chemoresistance of NSCLC to chemotherapy remains unclear. To determine whether SphK2 serves as a potential therapeutic target of NSCLC, we utilized small interference RNA (siRNA) to knock down SphK2 expression in human NSCLC cells and analyzed their phenotypic changes. The data demonstrated that knockdown of SphK2 led to decreased proliferation and enhanced chemosensitivity and apoptosis to gefitinib in NSCLC cells. In this study, we describe the findings that overexpression of SphK2 promotes chemoresistance in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of SphK2 might be considered as a strategy in NSCLC treatment with gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road 150, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- The Thoracic Surgery Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Li
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road 150, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road 150, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road 150, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Lu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road 150, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road 150, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Laurenzana A, Cencetti F, Serratì S, Bruno G, Japtok L, Bianchini F, Torre E, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M, Bruni P, Donati C. Endothelial sphingosine kinase/SPNS2 axis is critical for vessel-like formation by human mesoangioblasts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1145-57. [PMID: 25952146 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes is crucial for the stabilization of newly formed vessels in angiogenesis. The comprehension of the mechanisms regulating pericyte recruitment might open therapeutical perspectives on vascular-related pathologies. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that derives from sphingomyelin catabolism and regulates biological functions in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of S1P axis in the intercellular communication between human mesenchymal progenitor mesoangioblasts (MAB) and endothelial cells (human microvascular endothelial cells (H-MVEC)) in the formation of capillary-like structures. We demonstrated that the S1P biosynthetic pathway brought about by sphingosine kinases (SK) SK1 and SK2 as well as spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) transporter in H-MVEC is crucial for MAB migration measured by Boyden chambers and for the formation and stabilization of capillary-like structures in a 3D Matrigel culture. Moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) harvested from H-MVEC, where SK1, SK2, and SPNS2 were down-regulated, exerted a significantly diminished effect on MAB capillary morphogenesis and migration. Notably, we demonstrated that S1P1 and S1P3 receptors were positively involved in CM-induced capillary-like formation and migration, while S1P2 exerted a negative role on CM-induced migratory action of MAB. Finally, SK inhibition as well as MAB S1P1 and S1P3 down-regulation impaired H-MVEC-MAB cross-talk significantly reducing in vivo angiogenesis evaluated by Matrigel plug assay. These findings individuate novel targets for the employment of MAB in vascular-related pathologic conditions. KEY MESSAGE • Down-regulation of SK1/2 in H-MVEC impaired vessel formation when cultured with MAB. • H-MVEC SPNS2 is critical for morphogenesis and migration induced by H-MVEC CM of MAB. • CM from SK1- and SK2-siRNA H-MVEC impaired morphogenesis and migration of MAB. • S1P1/3 were involved on CM-induced morphogenesis and migration of MAB. • Matrigel plug assay showed the role of S1P axis in MAB-endothelial cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, Hematology Unit, Advanced Cellular Therapy Centre, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114-116, 14558, Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenio Torre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Kato H, Nishitoh H. Stress responses from the endoplasmic reticulum in cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:93. [PMID: 25941664 PMCID: PMC4403295 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that is essential for multiple cellular functions. During cellular stress conditions, including nutrient deprivation and dysregulation of protein synthesis, unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR also contributes to the regulation of various intracellular signaling pathways such as calcium signaling and lipid signaling. More recently, the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), which is a site of close contact between the ER and mitochondria, has been shown to function as a platform for various intracellular stress responses including apoptotic signaling, inflammatory signaling, the autophagic response, and the UPR. Interestingly, in cancer, these signaling pathways from the ER are often dysregulated, contributing to cancer cell metabolism. Thus, the signaling pathway from the ER may be a novel therapeutic target for various cancers. In this review, we discuss recent research on the roles of stress responses from the ER, including the MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
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FTY720, a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator, improves liver fibrosis in a mouse model by impairing the motility of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:1326-36. [PMID: 24682874 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 is a novel immunosuppressant that modulates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors for the treatment of several diseases. Several hallmarks of liver fibrosis are influenced by S1P, and the interference of S1P signaling by treatment with FTY720 results in beneficial effects in various animal models of fibrosis. However, whether these treatment strategies suppress liver fibrosis progression is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms by which FTY720 improves liver fibrosis in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model. FTY720 treatment significantly attenuated the expression of fibrotic markers in the injured liver of both wild-type and SCID-beige mice. The migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to circulation, and subsequently the injured liver, was suppressed by FTY720. Furthermore, in vitro, phosphorylated-FTY720 blocked the migration of BMSCs mediated by S1P. Thus, FTY720 is an effective therapy for liver fibrosis via the suppression of BMSC migration in the CCl4-induced mouse model.
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Yu H, Lee H, Herrmann A, Buettner R, Jove R. Revisiting STAT3 signalling in cancer: new and unexpected biological functions. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:736-46. [PMID: 25342631 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1529] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, particularly STAT3, are among the most promising new targets for cancer therapy. In addition to interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its family members, multiple pathways, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs were recently identified to regulate JAK-STAT signalling in cancer. Well known for its role in tumour cell proliferation, survival, invasion and immunosuppression, JAK-STAT3 signalling also promotes cancer through inflammation, obesity, stem cells and the pre-metastatic niche. In addition to its established role as a transcription factor in cancer, STAT3 regulates mitochondrion functions, as well as gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Newly identified regulators and functions of JAK-STAT3 in tumours are important targets for potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Heehyoung Lee
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Ralf Buettner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
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Tamashiro PM, Furuya H, Shimizu Y, Kawamori T. Sphingosine kinase 1 mediates head & neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion through sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:76. [PMID: 25197261 PMCID: PMC4155094 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by aggressive loco-regional invasion. Sphingosine kinase1 (SphK1), an enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, is emerging as a key player in HNSCC pathology. The observation that SphK1 is overexpressed in all HNSCC stages and is associated with depth of tumor invasion, metastasis and clinical failure underscores the importance of SphK1 in HNSCC pathology. Still, the mechanisms underlying SphK1 regulation of invasion have not been delineated. Therefore, we sought to mechanistically describe how SphK1 regulates invasion in HNSCC. Methods Invasion assays were used to measure invasive ability of SphK1 overexpressing human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25 cells). Western blotting, quantitative qPCR, ELISA and zymography were used to measure the effect of SphK1 and sphingosine 1-phoshate receptor 1 (S1P1) on invasion measures, MMP-2/9, E-cadherin, EGFR, IL-6/STAT3, in SCC-25 cells. Results SphK1 expression is elevated in cells with an invasive phenotype as compared to non-invasive phenotype. We show SphK1 overexpression increased EGF-induced EGFR/ERK and AKT activity, increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 mRNA and reduced E-cadherin. SphK1 overexpression also increased IL-6 concentration and EGF-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, exemplifying that SphK1 modulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Notably, we show that S1P1 knockdown reduced IL-6/STAT3 signaling, representing another pathway by which SphK1/S1P regulates invasion. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that SphK1 sits at the hub of multiple key signaling cascades, all which have been implicated in the regulation of invasiveness, making SphK1 an attractive target for the development of HNSCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulette M Tamashiro
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA ; Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA ; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA ; Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Toshihiko Kawamori
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA ; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA ; Department of Pathology, Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital, 1 Hira, Kaimei, Ichinomiya, Aichi Pref., 494-0001 Japan
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SHI JIAZHEN, LI SHIBAO, ZHOU YAN, WANG LIXIN, WEN JIANGTAO, WANG YONGHONG, KANG ZHIHUA. Perioperative changes in peripheral regulatory B cells of patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1525-30. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dai L, Xia P, Di W. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy? Cancer Invest 2014; 32:71-80. [PMID: 24499107 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.876646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important signaling regulator involved in tumor progression in multiple neoplasms. However, the role of S1P in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the impact of S1P signaling in ovarian cancer progression. S1P, aberrantly produced in ovarian cancer patients, is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes that contribute to ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, agents that block the S1P signaling pathway inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth or induce apoptosis. Hence, current evidence suggests that S1P may become a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China1
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Don AS, Lim XY, Couttas TA. Re-configuration of sphingolipid metabolism by oncogenic transformation. Biomolecules 2014; 4:315-53. [PMID: 24970218 PMCID: PMC4030989 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids are one of the major lipid families in eukaryotes, incorporating a diverse array of structural variants that exert a powerful influence over cell fate and physiology. Increased expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which catalyses the synthesis of the pro-survival, pro-angiogenic metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is well established as a hallmark of multiple cancers. Metabolic alterations that reduce levels of the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide, particularly its glucosylation by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), have frequently been associated with cancer drug resistance. However, the simple notion that the balance between ceramide and S1P, often referred to as the sphingolipid rheostat, dictates cell survival contrasts with recent studies showing that highly potent and selective SPHK1 inhibitors do not affect cancer cell proliferation or survival, and studies demonstrating higher ceramide levels in some metastatic cancers. Recent reports have implicated other sphingolipid metabolic enzymes such as acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) more strongly in cancer pathogenesis, and highlight lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism as a possible weak point for therapeutic targeting in cancer. This review describes the evidence implicating different sphingolipid metabolic enzymes and their products in cancer pathogenesis, and suggests how newer systems-level approaches may improve our overall understanding of how oncogenic transformation reconfigures sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Don
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Xin Y Lim
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes malignant progression in colon cancer and independently predicts survival of patients with colon cancer by competing risk approach in South asian population. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2014; 5:e51. [PMID: 24572701 PMCID: PMC3940836 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2013.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) phosphorylates the membrane sphingolipid, sphingosine, to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an oncogenic mediator, which drives tumor cell growth and survival. Although SphK1 has gained increasing prominence as an oncogenic determinant in several cancers, its potential as a therapeutic target in colon cancer remains uncertain. We investigated the clinical relevance of SphK1 expression in colon cancer as well as its inhibitory effects in vitro. METHODS SphK1 expression in human colon tumor tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry and its clinicopathological significance was ascertained in 303 colon cancer cases. The effects of SphK1 inhibition on colon cancer cell viability and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cell survival pathway were investigated using a SphK1-selective inhibitor-compound 5c (5c). The cytotoxicity of a novel combination using SphK1 inhibition with the chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was also determined. RESULTS High SphK1 expression correlated with advanced tumor stages (AJCC classification). Using a competing risk analysis model to take into account disease recurrence, we found that SphK1 is a significant independent predictor for mortality in colon cancer patients. In vitro, the inhibition of SphK1 induced cell death in colon cancer cell lines and attenuated the serum-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling. Inhibition of SphK1 also enhanced the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the impact of SphK1 in colon cancer progression and patient survival, and provide evidence supportive of further development in combination strategies that incorporate SphK1 inhibition with current chemotherapeutic agents to improve colon cancer outcomes.
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The impact of sphingosine kinase-1 in head and neck cancer. Biomolecules 2013; 3:481-513. [PMID: 24970177 PMCID: PMC4030949 DOI: 10.3390/biom3030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high reoccurrence rate and an extremely low survival rate. There is limited availability of effective therapies to reduce the rate of recurrence, resulting in high morbidity and mortality of advanced cases. Late presentation, delay in detection of lesions, and a high rate of metastasis make HNSCC a devastating disease. This review offers insight into the role of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, in HNSCC. Sphingolipids not only play a structural role in cellular membranes, but also modulate cell signal transduction pathways to influence biological outcomes such as senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. SphK1 is a critical regulator of the delicate balance between proliferation and apoptosis. The highest expression of SphK1 is found in the advanced stage of disease, and there is a positive correlation between SphK1 expression and recurrent tumors. On the other hand, silencing SphK1 reduces HNSCC tumor growth and sensitizes tumors to radiation-induced death. Thus, SphK1 plays an important and influential role in determining HNSCC proliferation and metastasis. We discuss roles of SphK1 and other sphingolipids in HNSCC development and therapeutic strategies against HNSCC.
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Wang Q, Li J, Li G, Li Y, Xu C, Li M, Xu G, Fu S. Prognostic significance of sphingosine kinase 2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:363-8. [PMID: 23918304 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) as a conserved lipid kinase has not been thoroughly elucidated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of SphK2 in NSCLC tissues and to determine its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and its impact on patient prognosis. We assessed the expression of SphK2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (as a proliferative index) by immunohistochemistry in 180 NSCLC patient's formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Relationship between the expression of SphK2 and PCNA and various clinicopathological features in these patients was evaluated. We detected that expression of SphK2 was gradually upregulated from normal, metaplasia/dysplasia tissues to NSCLC tissues. At the same time, PCNA expression followed a similar pattern. Statistical analysis showed that expression of SphK2 in NSCLC tissues was strongly associated with PCNA expression, histology grade, live vaccine strain invasion, lymph node status, clinical stage, tumors size, and histology type. Patients with SphK2 overexpression in their tissues had lower overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than those with low SphK2 expression. Using uni- and multivariate analysis, we found that SphK2 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS. The expression of SphK2 parallels the progression of NSCLC, and SphK2 overexpression may represent a novel and potentially independent biomarker for the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
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Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Tonelli F, Roberts E, Donati C, Bruni P. TGFβ1 evokes myoblast apoptotic response via a novel signaling pathway involving S1P4 transactivation upstream of Rho-kinase-2 activation. FASEB J 2013; 27:4532-46. [PMID: 23913862 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In view of its multiple detrimental effects, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is recognized as critical negative regulator of skeletal muscle repair. Apoptosis of skeletal muscle precursor cells driven by TGFβ1 contributes to the negative role exerted by the cytokine in tissue repair, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Herein we report the identification of a new signaling pathway, relying on Rho kinase-2 stimulation, subsequent to SMAD-dependent S1P4 up-regulation and transactivation via sphingosine kinase (SK)-2, that accounts for TGFβ1-induced apoptosis in cultured myoblasts. S1P4-specific gene silencing reduced by almost 50% activation of caspase-3 and poly-ADP ribosyl transferase cleavage elicited by TGFβ1. Moreover, the selective S1P4 antagonist CYM50358 also reduced the TGFβ1 proapoptotic effects. By employing pharmacological and molecular biological approaches, the involvement of SK2 and ROCK2 in the transmission of the TGFβ1 apoptotic action was also demonstrated. These results reinforce the notion that the SK/S1P axis plays a fundamental role in TGFβ1 mode of action in skeletal muscle cells and, by disclosing a novel mechanism by which TGFβ1 exerts its harmful action, pinpoint new molecular targets that in principle could be beneficial in the treatment of several skeletal muscle disorders or aging-dependent muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cencetti
- 2Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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Hou J, Liao LD, Xie YM, Zeng FM, Ji X, Chen B, Li LY, Zhu MX, Yang CX, Qing-Zhao, Chen T, Xu XE, Shen J, Guo MZ, Li EM, Xu LY. DACT2 is a candidate tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:791-800. [PMID: 23803417 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In animals ranging from fish to mice, the function of DACT2 as a negative regulator of the TGF-β/Nodal signal pathway is conserved in evolution, indicating that it might play an important role in human cancer. In this study, we showed that tumors with higher DACT2 protein level were correlated with better differentiation and better survival rate in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Restored expression of DACT2 significantly inhibited growth, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro, and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, when DACT2 expression was restored, the activity of TGF-β/SMAD2/3 was suppressed via both proteasome and lysosomal degradation pathways, leading to F-actin rearrangement that might depend on the involvement of cofilin and ezrin-redixin-moesin (ERM) proteins. Taken together, we propose here that DACT2 serves as a prognostic marker that reduces tumor cell malignancy by suppressing TGF-β signaling and promotes actin rearrangement in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
The role of sphingolipids as bioactive signaling molecules that can regulate cell fate decisions puts them at center stage for cancer treatment and prevention. While ceramide and sphingosine have been established as antigrowth molecules, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) offers a progrowth message to cells. The enzymes responsible for maintaining the balance between these "stop" or "go" signals are the sphingosine kinases (SK), SK1 and SK2. While the relative contribution of SK2 is still being elucidated and may involve an intranuclear role, a substantial amount of evidence suggests that regulation of sphingolipid levels by SK1 is an important component of carcinogenesis. Here, we review the literature regarding the role of SK1 as an oncogene that can function to enhance cancer cell viability and promote tumor growth and metastasis; highlighting the importance of developing specific SK1 inhibitors to supplement current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Heffernan-Stroud
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Neubauer HA, Pitson SM. Roles, regulation and inhibitors of sphingosine kinase 2. FEBS J 2013; 280:5317-36. [PMID: 23638983 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipids ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are important signalling molecules that regulate a diverse array of cellular processes. Most notably, the balance of the levels of these three sphingolipids in cells, termed the 'sphingolipid rheostat', can dictate cell fate, where ceramide and sphingosine enhance apoptosis and S1P promotes cell survival and proliferation. The sphingosine kinases (SKs) catalyse the production of S1P from sphingosine and are therefore central regulators of the sphingolipid rheostat and attractive targets for cancer therapy. Two SKs exist in humans: SK1 and SK2. SK1 has been extensively studied and there is a large body of evidence to demonstrate its role in promoting cell survival, proliferation and neoplastic transformation. SK1 is also elevated in many human cancers which appears to contribute to carcinogenesis, chemotherapeutic resistance and poor patient outcome. SK2, however, has not been as well characterized, and there are contradictions in the key physiological functions that have been proposed for this isoform. Despite this, many studies are now emerging that implicate SK2 in key roles in a variety of diseases, including the development of a range of solid tumours. Here, we review the literature examining SK2, its physiological and pathophysiological functions, the current knowledge of its regulation, and recent developments in targeting this complex enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Neubauer
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
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