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Yang Q, Xie Y, Pan B, Cheng Y, Zhu Y, Fei X, Li X, Yu J, Chen Z, Li J, Xiong X. The Expression and Epigenetic Characteristics of the HSF2 Gene in Cattle-Yak and the Correlation with Its Male Sterility. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1410. [PMID: 38791628 PMCID: PMC11117389 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the heat shock proteins and factors was revealed to be closely associated with male reproduction. Heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of diverse developmental pathways. However, the role and the corresponding molecular mechanism of HSF2 in male cattle-yak sterility are still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain the sequence and the biological information of the cattle-yak HSF2 gene and to investigate the spatiotemporal expression profiles of the locus during the development of cattle-yak testes. Additionally, the differential expression was analyzed between the cattle-yak and the yak, and the methylation of corresponding promoter regions was compared. Our results showed an additional 54 bp fragment and a missense mutation (lysine to glutamic acid) were presented in the cattle-yak HSF2 gene, which correlated with enriched expression in testicular tissue. In addition, the expression of the HSF2 gene showed dynamic changes during the growth of the testes, reaching a peak in adulthood. The IHC indicated that HSF2 protein was primarily located in spermatocytes (PS), spermatogonia (SP), and Sertoli cells (SC) in cattle-yak testes, compared with the corresponding cells of cattle and the yak. Furthermore, bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) revealed that the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region of the cattle-yak HSF2 were more numerous than in the yak counterpart, which suggests hypermethylation of this region in the cattle-yak. Taken together, the low expression abundance and hypermethylation of HSF2 may underpin the obstruction of spermatogenesis, which leads to male cattle-yak infertility. Our study provided a basic guideline for the HSF2 gene in male reproduction and a new insight into the mechanisms of male cattle-yak sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (B.P.); (X.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yumian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Bangting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (B.P.); (X.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuying Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yanjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Xixi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (B.P.); (X.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xupeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (B.P.); (X.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (B.P.); (X.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xianrong Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.X.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (B.P.); (X.F.); (J.Y.)
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2
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Joutsen J, Pessa JC, Jokelainen O, Sironen R, Hartikainen JM, Sistonen L. Comprehensive analysis of human tissues reveals unique expression and localization patterns of HSF1 and HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:235-271. [PMID: 38458311 PMCID: PMC10963207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factors (HSFs) are the main transcriptional regulators of the evolutionarily conserved heat shock response. Beyond cell stress, several studies have demonstrated that HSFs also contribute to a vast variety of human pathologies, ranging from metabolic diseases to cancer and neurodegeneration. Despite their evident role in mitigating cellular perturbations, the functions of HSF1 and HSF2 in physiological proteostasis have remained inconclusive. Here, we analyzed a comprehensive selection of paraffin-embedded human tissue samples with immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate that both HSF1 and HSF2 display distinct expression and subcellular localization patterns in benign tissues. HSF1 localizes to the nucleus in all epithelial cell types, whereas nuclear expression of HSF2 was limited to only a few cell types, especially the spermatogonia and the urothelial umbrella cells. We observed a consistent and robust cytoplasmic expression of HSF2 across all studied smooth muscle and endothelial cells, including the smooth muscle cells surrounding the vasculature and the high endothelial venules in lymph nodes. Outstandingly, HSF2 localized specifically at cell-cell adhesion sites in a broad selection of tissue types, such as the cardiac muscle, liver, and epididymis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically describe the expression and localization patterns of HSF1 and HSF2 in benign human tissues. Thus, our work expands the biological landscape of these factors and creates the foundation for the identification of specific roles of HSF1 and HSF2 in normal physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Joutsen
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Lapland Wellbeing Services County, Rovaniemi, Finland.
| | - Jenny C Pessa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Jokelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer RC, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer RC, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer RC, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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3
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Hu X, Jin X, Cao X, Liu B. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Is a Cellular Ageing Regulator. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315327. [PMID: 36499653 PMCID: PMC9740938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a complicated cellular component that plays significant roles in regulating the cell cycle process of eukaryotic organisms. The spatiotemporal regulation mechanisms of APC/C in distinct cell cycle transitions are no longer mysterious, and the components of this protein complex are gradually identified and characterized. Given the close relationship between the cell cycle and lifespan, it is urgent to understand the roles of APC/C in lifespan regulation, but this field still seems to have not been systematically summarized. Furthermore, although several reviews have reported the roles of APC/C in cancer, there are still gaps in the summary of its roles in other age-related diseases. In this review, we propose that the APC/C is a novel cellular ageing regulator based on its indispensable role in the regulation of lifespan and its involvement in age-associated diseases. This work provides an extensive review of aspects related to the underlying mechanisms of APC/C in lifespan regulation and how it participates in age-associated diseases. More comprehensive recognition and understanding of the relationship between APC/C and ageing and age-related diseases will increase the development of targeted strategies for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (B.L.)
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4
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Roos-Mattjus P, Sistonen L. Interplay between mammalian heat shock factors 1 and 2 in physiology and pathology. FEBS J 2022; 289:7710-7725. [PMID: 34478606 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The heat-shock factors (HSFs) belong to an evolutionary conserved family of transcription factors that were discovered already over 30 years ago. The HSFs have been shown to a have a broad repertoire of target genes, and they also have crucial functions during normal development. Importantly, HSFs have been linked to several disease states, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, highlighting their importance in physiology and pathology. However, it is still unclear how HSFs are regulated and how they choose their specific target genes under different conditions. Posttranslational modifications and interplay among the HSF family members have been shown to be key regulatory mechanisms for these transcription factors. In this review, we focus on the mammalian HSF1 and HSF2, including their interplay, and provide an updated overview of the advances in understanding how HSFs are regulated and how they function in multiple processes of development, aging, and disease. We also discuss HSFs as therapeutic targets, especially the recently reported HSF1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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5
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Kovács D, Kovács M, Ahmed S, Barna J. Functional diversification of heat shock factors. Biol Futur 2022; 73:427-439. [PMID: 36402935 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are widely known as master regulators of the heat shock response. In invertebrates, a single heat shock factor, HSF1, is responsible for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. In vertebrates, seven members of the HSF family have been identified, namely HSF1, HSF2, HSF3, HSF4, HSF5, HSFX, and HSFY, of which HSF1 and HSF2 are clearly associated with heat shock response, while HSF4 is involved in development. Other members of the family have not yet been studied as extensively. Besides their role in cellular proteostasis, HSFs influence a plethora of biological processes such as aging, development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation, and they are implicated in several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. This is achieved by regulating the expression of a great variety of genes including chaperones. Here, we review our current knowledge on the function of HSF family members and important aspects that made possible the functional diversification of HSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Márton Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Saqib Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - János Barna
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary. .,ELKH-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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6
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de Thonel A, Ahlskog JK, Daupin K, Dubreuil V, Berthelet J, Chaput C, Pires G, Leonetti C, Abane R, Barris LC, Leray I, Aalto AL, Naceri S, Cordonnier M, Benasolo C, Sanial M, Duchateau A, Vihervaara A, Puustinen MC, Miozzo F, Fergelot P, Lebigot É, Verloes A, Gressens P, Lacombe D, Gobbo J, Garrido C, Westerheide SD, David L, Petitjean M, Taboureau O, Rodrigues-Lima F, Passemard S, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Nguyen L, Lancaster M, Sistonen L, Mezger V. CBP-HSF2 structural and functional interplay in Rubinstein-Taybi neurodevelopmental disorder. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7002. [PMID: 36385105 PMCID: PMC9668993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients carrying autosomal dominant mutations in the histone/lysine acetyl transferases CBP or EP300 develop a neurodevelopmental disorder: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS). The biological pathways underlying these neurodevelopmental defects remain elusive. Here, we unravel the contribution of a stress-responsive pathway to RSTS. We characterize the structural and functional interaction between CBP/EP300 and heat-shock factor 2 (HSF2), a tuner of brain cortical development and major player in prenatal stress responses in the neocortex: CBP/EP300 acetylates HSF2, leading to the stabilization of the HSF2 protein. Consequently, RSTS patient-derived primary cells show decreased levels of HSF2 and HSF2-dependent alteration in their repertoire of molecular chaperones and stress response. Moreover, we unravel a CBP/EP300-HSF2-N-cadherin cascade that is also active in neurodevelopmental contexts, and show that its deregulation disturbs neuroepithelial integrity in 2D and 3D organoid models of cerebral development, generated from RSTS patient-derived iPSC cells, providing a molecular reading key for this complex pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Johanna K Ahlskog
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kevin Daupin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Dubreuil
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Carole Chaput
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
- Ksilink, Strasbourg, France
| | - Geoffrey Pires
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Camille Leonetti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ryma Abane
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Lluís Cordón Barris
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leray
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Anna L Aalto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sarah Naceri
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marine Cordonnier
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Département d'Oncologie médicale, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Carène Benasolo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sanial
- CNRS, UMR 7592 Institut Jacques Monod, F-75205, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Duchateau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C Puustinen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Federico Miozzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Institute-CNR (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Élise Lebigot
- Service de Biochimie-pharmaco-toxicologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris-Sud, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Université de Paris, INSERM, NeuroDiderot, Robert-Debré Hospital, F-75019, Paris, France
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, INSERM, NeuroDiderot, Robert-Debré Hospital, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Gobbo
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Département d'Oncologie médicale, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Département d'Oncologie médicale, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Sandy D Westerheide
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laurent David
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Petitjean
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Taboureau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Passemard
- Université de Paris, INSERM, NeuroDiderot, Robert-Debré Hospital, F-75019, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurent Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Madeline Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical, Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France.
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7
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Himanen SV, Puustinen MC, Da Silva AJ, Vihervaara A, Sistonen L. HSFs drive transcription of distinct genes and enhancers during oxidative stress and heat shock. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6102-6115. [PMID: 35687139 PMCID: PMC9226494 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of transcription is critical for the survival under cellular stress. Heat shock has provided an excellent model to investigate nascent transcription in stressed cells, but the molecular mechanisms orchestrating RNA synthesis during other types of stress are unknown. We utilized PRO-seq and ChIP-seq to study how Heat Shock Factors, HSF1 and HSF2, coordinate transcription at genes and enhancers upon oxidative stress and heat shock. We show that pause-release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a universal mechanism regulating gene transcription in stressed cells, while enhancers are activated at the level of Pol II recruitment. Moreover, besides functioning as conventional promoter-binding transcription factors, HSF1 and HSF2 bind to stress-induced enhancers to trigger Pol II pause-release from poised gene promoters. Importantly, HSFs act at distinct genes and enhancers in a stress type-specific manner. HSF1 binds to many chaperone genes upon oxidative and heat stress but activates them only in heat-shocked cells. Under oxidative stress, HSF1 localizes to a unique set of promoters and enhancers to trans-activate oxidative stress-specific genes. Taken together, we show that HSFs function as multi-stress-responsive factors that activate distinct genes and enhancers when encountering changes in temperature and redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samu V Himanen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael C Puustinen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alejandro J Da Silva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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8
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Tokunaga Y, Otsuyama KI, Hayashida N. Cell Cycle Regulation by Heat Shock Transcription Factors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020203. [PMID: 35053319 PMCID: PMC8773920 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division and cell cycle mechanism has been studied for 70 years. This research has revealed that the cell cycle is regulated by many factors, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) have been noted as critical proteins for cell survival against various stresses; however, recent studies suggest that HSFs also have important roles in cell cycle regulation-independent cell-protective functions. During cell cycle progression, HSF1, and HSF2 bind to condensed chromatin to provide immediate precise gene expression after cell division. This review focuses on the function of these HSFs in cell cycle progression, cell cycle arrest, gene bookmarking, mitosis and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Tokunaga
- Division of Molecular Gerontology and Anti-Ageing Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan;
| | - Ken-Ichiro Otsuyama
- Department of Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan;
| | - Naoki Hayashida
- Division of Molecular Gerontology and Anti-Ageing Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 7558505, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2359
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9
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Pesonen L, Svartsjö S, Bäck V, de Thonel A, Mezger V, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Roos-Mattjus P. Gambogic acid and gambogenic acid induce a thiol-dependent heat shock response and disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 or HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:819-833. [PMID: 34331200 PMCID: PMC8492855 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on heat shock proteins (HSPs) for growth and survival. Especially HSP90 has multiple client proteins and plays a critical role in malignant transformation, and therefore different types of HSP90 inhibitors are being developed. The bioactive natural compound gambogic acid (GB) is a prenylated xanthone with antitumor activity, and it has been proposed to function as an HSP90 inhibitor. However, there are contradicting reports whether GB induces a heat shock response (HSR), which is cytoprotective for cancer cells and therefore a potentially problematic feature for an anticancer drug. In this study, we show that GB and a structurally related compound, called gambogenic acid (GBA), induce a robust HSR, in a thiol-dependent manner. Using heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) or HSF2 knockout cells, we show that the GB or GBA-induced HSR is HSF1-dependent. Intriguingly, using closed form ATP-bound HSP90 mutants that can be co-precipitated with HSF1, a known facilitator of cancer, we show that also endogenous HSF2 co-precipitates with HSP90. GB and GBA treatment disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 and HSP90 and HSF2. Our study implies that these compounds should be used cautiously if developed for cancer therapies, since GB and its derivative GBA are strong inducers of the HSR, in multiple cell types, by involving the dissociation of a HSP90-HSF1/HSF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pesonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Sally Svartsjö
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Viktor Bäck
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland.
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10
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Joutsen J, Da Silva AJ, Luoto JC, Budzynski MA, Nylund AS, de Thonel A, Concordet JP, Mezger V, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Henriksson E, Sistonen L. Heat Shock Factor 2 Protects against Proteotoxicity by Maintaining Cell-Cell Adhesion. Cell Rep 2021; 30:583-597.e6. [PMID: 31940498 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis, through inducible expression of molecular chaperones, is essential for cell survival under protein-damaging conditions. The expression and DNA-binding activity of heat shock factor 2 (HSF2), a member of the heat shock transcription factor family, increase upon exposure to prolonged proteotoxicity. Nevertheless, the specific roles of HSF2 and the global HSF2-dependent gene expression profile during sustained stress have remained unknown. Here, we found that HSF2 is critical for cell survival during prolonged proteotoxicity. Strikingly, our RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed that impaired viability of HSF2-deficient cells is not caused by inadequate induction of molecular chaperones but is due to marked downregulation of cadherin superfamily genes. We demonstrate that HSF2-dependent maintenance of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is required for protection against stress induced by proteasome inhibition. This study identifies HSF2 as a key regulator of cadherin superfamily genes and defines cell-cell adhesion as a determinant of proteotoxic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Joutsen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alejandro Jose Da Silva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jens Christian Luoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marek Andrzej Budzynski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Serafia Nylund
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aurelie de Thonel
- CNRS, UMR 7216 "Epigenetic and Cell Fate," 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- CNRS, UMR 7216 "Epigenetic and Cell Fate," 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- CNRS, UMR 7216 "Epigenetic and Cell Fate," 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Eva Henriksson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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11
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Santopolo S, Riccio A, Rossi A, Santoro MG. The proteostasis guardian HSF1 directs the transcription of its paralog and interactor HSF2 during proteasome dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1113-1129. [PMID: 32607595 PMCID: PMC11071745 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is essential for life in eukaryotes. Organisms respond to proteotoxic stress by activating heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which play important roles in cytoprotection, longevity and development. Of six human HSFs, HSF1 acts as a proteostasis guardian regulating stress-induced transcriptional responses, whereas HSF2 has a critical role in development, in particular of brain and reproductive organs. Unlike HSF1, that is a stable protein constitutively expressed, HSF2 is a labile protein and its expression varies in different tissues; however, the mechanisms regulating HSF2 expression remain poorly understood. Herein we demonstrate that the proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug bortezomib (Velcade), at clinically relevant concentrations, triggers de novo HSF2 mRNA transcription in different types of cancers via HSF1 activation. Similar results were obtained with next-generation proteasome inhibitors ixazomib and carfilzomib, indicating that induction of HSF2 expression is a general response to proteasome dysfunction. HSF2-promoter analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies unexpectedly revealed that HSF1 is recruited to a heat shock element located at 1.397 bp upstream from the transcription start site in the HSF2-promoter. More importantly, we found that HSF1 is critical for HSF2 gene transcription during proteasome dysfunction, representing an interesting example of transcription factor involved in controlling the expression of members of the same family. Moreover, bortezomib-induced HSF2 was found to localize in the nucleus, interact with HSF1, and participate in bortezomib-mediated control of cancer cell migration. The results shed light on HSF2-expression regulation, revealing a novel level of HSF1/HSF2 interplay that may lead to advances in pharmacological modulation of these fundamental transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gabriella Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy.
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12
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VanGenderen C, Harkness TAA, Arnason TG. The role of Anaphase Promoting Complex activation, inhibition and substrates in cancer development and progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15818-15855. [PMID: 32805721 PMCID: PMC7467358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, facilitates mitotic and G1 progression, and is now recognized to play a role in maintaining genomic stability. Many APC substrates have been observed overexpressed in multiple cancer types, such as CDC20, the Aurora A and B kinases, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), suggesting APC activity is important for cell health. We performed BioGRID analyses of the APC coactivators CDC20 and CDH1, which revealed that at least 69 proteins serve as APC substrates, with 60 of them identified as playing a role in tumor promotion and 9 involved in tumor suppression. While these substrates and their association with malignancies have been studied in isolation, the possibility exists that generalized APC dysfunction could result in the inappropriate stabilization of multiple APC targets, thereby changing tumor behavior and treatment responsiveness. It is also possible that the APC itself plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through its regulation of mitotic progression. In this review the connections between APC activity and dysregulation will be discussed with regards to cell cycle dysfunction and chromosome instability in cancer, along with the individual roles that the accumulation of various APC substrates may play in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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13
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Puustinen MC, Sistonen L. Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Shock Factors in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051202. [PMID: 32408596 PMCID: PMC7290425 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation is accompanied by alterations in the key cellular pathways that regulate development, metabolism, proliferation and motility as well as stress resilience. The members of the transcription factor family, called heat shock factors (HSFs), have been shown to play important roles in all of these biological processes, and in the past decade it has become evident that their activities are rewired during tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the expression patterns and functions of HSF1, HSF2, and HSF4 in specific cancer types, highlighting the mechanisms by which the regulatory functions of these transcription factors are modulated. Recently developed therapeutic approaches that target HSFs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Christer Puustinen
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2215-3311
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14
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Duchateau A, de Thonel A, El Fatimy R, Dubreuil V, Mezger V. The "HSF connection": Pleiotropic regulation and activities of Heat Shock Factors shape pathophysiological brain development. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134895. [PMID: 32147500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) have been historically identified as a family of transcription factors that are activated and work in a stress-responsive manner, after exposure to a large variety of stimuli. However, they are also critical in normal conditions, in a life long manner, in a number of physiological processes that encompass gametogenesis, embryonic development and the integrity of adult organs and organisms. The importance of such roles is emphasized by the devastating impact of their deregulation on health, ranging from reproductive failure, neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and aging pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the delicate choreography of the regulation of HSFs during neurodevelopment, at prenatal and postnatal stages. The regulation of HSFs acts at multiple layers and steps, and comprises the control of (i) HSF mRNA and protein levels, (ii) HSF activity in terms of DNA-binding and transcription, (iii) HSF homo- and hetero-oligomerization capacities, and (iv) HSF combinatory set of post-translational modifications. We also describe how these regulatory mechanisms operate in the normal developing brain and how their perturbation impact neurodevelopment under prenatal or perinatal stress conditions. In addition, we put into perspective the possible role of HSFs in the evolution of the vertebrate brains and the importance of the HSF pathway in a large variety of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Duchateau
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France; ED 562 BioSPC, Université de Paris, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Dubreuil
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France.
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15
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Joutsen J, Sistonen L. Tailoring of Proteostasis Networks with Heat Shock Factors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034066. [PMID: 30420555 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factors (HSFs) are the main transcriptional regulators of the heat shock response and indispensable for maintaining cellular proteostasis. HSFs mediate their protective functions through diverse genetic programs, which are composed of genes encoding molecular chaperones and other genes crucial for cell survival. The mechanisms that are used to tailor HSF-driven proteostasis networks are not yet completely understood, but they likely comprise from distinct combinations of both genetic and proteomic determinants. In this review, we highlight the versatile HSF-mediated cellular functions that extend from cellular stress responses to various physiological and pathological processes, and we underline the key advancements that have been achieved in the field of HSF research during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Joutsen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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16
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Widlak W, Vydra N. The Role of Heat Shock Factors in Mammalian Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 222:45-65. [PMID: 28389750 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51409-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), as regulators of heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression, are well known for their cytoprotective functions during cellular stress. They also play important yet less recognized roles in gametogenesis. All HSF family members are expressed during mammalian spermatogenesis, mainly in spermatocytes and round spermatids which are characterized by extensive chromatin remodeling. Different HSFs could cooperate to maintain proper spermatogenesis. Cooperation of HSF1 and HSF2 is especially well established since their double knockout results in meiosis arrest, spermatocyte apoptosis, and male infertility. Both factors are also involved in the repackaging of the DNA during spermatid differentiation. They can form heterotrimers regulating the basal level of transcription of target genes. Moreover, HSF1/HSF2 interactions are lost in elevated temperatures which can impair the transcription of genes essential for spermatogenesis. In most mammals, spermatogenesis occurs a few degrees below the body temperature and spermatogenic cells are extremely heat-sensitive. Pro-survival pathways are not induced by heat stress (e.g., cryptorchidism) in meiotic and postmeiotic cells. Instead, male germ cells are actively eliminated by apoptosis, which prevents transition of the potentially damaged genetic material to the next generation. Such a response depends on the transcriptional activity of HSF1 which in contrary to most somatic cells, acts as a proapoptotic factor in spermatogenic cells. HSF1 activation could be the main trigger of impaired spermatogenesis related not only to elevated temperature but also to other stress conditions; therefore, HSF1 has been proposed to be the quality control factor in male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslawa Widlak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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17
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Zhou Z, He M, Shah AA, Wan Y. Insights into APC/C: from cellular function to diseases and therapeutics. Cell Div 2016; 11:9. [PMID: 27418942 PMCID: PMC4944252 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-016-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multifunctional ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets different substrates for ubiquitylation and therefore regulates a variety of cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, genome stability, energy metabolism, cell death, autophagy as well as carcinogenesis. Activity of APC/C is principally governed by two WD-40 domain proteins, Cdc20 and Cdh1, in and beyond cell cycle. In the past decade, the results based on numerous biochemical, 3D structural, mouse genetic and small molecule inhibitor studies have largely attracted our attention into the emerging role of APC/C and its regulation in biological function, human diseases and potential therapeutics. This review will aim to summarize some recently reported insights into APC/C in regulating cellular function, connection of its dysfunction with human diseases and its implication of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Anil A Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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18
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Gene expression, oocyte nuclear maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes and embryos produced after in vivo and in vitro heat shock. ZYGOTE 2016; 24:748-59. [PMID: 27019120 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199416000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three assays were performed. In assay 1, oocytes harvested during the winter months were subjected to kinetic heat shock by stressing the oocytes at 39.5°C (HS1) or at 40.5°C (HS2) for either 6, 12, 18 or 24 h and then matured at control temperature (38.5°C). The nuclear maturation rates (NMR) of all oocytes were recorded after 24 h. In assay 2, oocytes collected year-round maturated, were implanted via in vitro fertilization (IVF) and developed for 9 days. Gene expression analysis was performed on target genes (Cx43, CDH1, DNMT1, HSPA14) with reference to the two housekeeping genes (GAPDH and SDHA) in embryos. Similarly, in assay 3, genetic analysis was performed on the embryos produced from heat-stressed oocytes (from HS1 and HS2). In assay 1, the duration of heat stress resulted in a significant decline in NMR (P < 0.05) with HS1 for maturated oocytes at 86.4 ± 4.3; 65.5 ± 0.7; 51.3 ± 0.9; 38.1 ± 1.9 and 36.3 ± 0.9, for control, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h, respectively. For assays 2 and 3, results demonstrated that DNMT1, Cx43 and HSPA14 were down-regulated in the embryos produced in the warm with respect to the cold months (P < 0.05). A constant up- and down-regulation of DNMT1 and HSPA14 genes were observed in both HS-treated samples. Also, an inconsistent pattern of gene expression was observed in Cx43 and CDH1 genes (P < 0.05). Targeted gene expression was aberrant in embryo development, which can provide evidence on early embryo arrest and slowed embryo development.
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19
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Structures of HSF2 reveal mechanisms for differential regulation of human heat-shock factors. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:147-54. [PMID: 26727490 PMCID: PMC4973471 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat Shock Transcription Factor (HSF) family members function in stress protection and in human disease including proteopathies, neurodegeneration and cancer. The mechanisms that drive distinct post-translational modifications, co-factor recruitment and target gene activation for specific HSF paralogs are unknown. We present high-resolution crystal structures of the human HSF2 DNA-binding domain (DBD) bound to DNA, revealing an unprecedented view of HSFs that provides insights into their unique biology. The HSF2 DBD structures resolve a novel carboxyl-terminal helix that directs the coiled-coil domain to wrap around DNA, exposing paralog-specific sequences of the DBD surface, for differential post-translational modifications and co-factor interactions. We further demonstrate a direct interaction between HSF1 and HSF2 through their coiled-coil domains. Together, these features provide a new model for HSF structure as the basis for differential and combinatorial regulation to influence the transcriptional response to cellular stress.
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20
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Heat-shock factor 2 is a suppressor of prostate cancer invasion. Oncogene 2015; 35:1770-84. [PMID: 26119944 PMCID: PMC4830906 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock factors (HSFs) are key transcriptional regulators in cell survival. Although HSF1 has been identified as a driver of carcinogenesis, HSF2 has not been explored in malignancies. Here, we report that HSF2 suppresses tumor invasion of prostate cancer (PrCa). In three-dimensional organotypic cultures and the in vivo xenograft chorioallantoic membrane model HSF2 knockdown perturbs organoid differentiation and promotes invasiveness. Gene expression profiling together with functional studies demonstrated that the molecular mechanism underlying the effect on tumor progression originates from HSF2 steering the switch between acinar morphogenesis and invasion. This is achieved by the regulation of genes connected to, for example, GTPase activity, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Importantly, low HSF2 expression correlates with high Gleason score, metastasis and poor survival of PrCa patients, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. Finally, the study was expanded beyond PrCa, revealing that the expression of HSF2 is decreased in a wide range of cancer types. This study provides the first evidence for HSF2 acting as a suppressor of invasion in human malignancies.
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21
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Uncoupling Stress-Inducible Phosphorylation of Heat Shock Factor 1 from Its Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2530-40. [PMID: 25963659 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00816-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals the stress-inducible expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins is under the control of the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). Activation of HSF1 is a multistep process, involving trimerization, acquisition of DNA-binding and transcriptional activities, which coincide with several posttranslational modifications. Stress-inducible phosphorylation of HSF1, or hyperphosphorylation, which occurs mainly within the regulatory domain (RD), has been proposed as a requirement for HSF-driven transcription and is widely used for assessing HSF1 activation. Nonetheless, the contribution of hyperphosphorylation to the activity of HSF1 remains unknown. In this study, we generated a phosphorylation-deficient HSF1 mutant (HSF1Δ∼PRD), where the 15 known phosphorylation sites within the RD were disrupted. Our results show that the phosphorylation status of the RD does not affect the subcellular localization and DNA-binding activity of HSF1. Surprisingly, under stress conditions, HSF1Δ∼PRD is a potent transactivator of both endogenous targets and a reporter gene, and HSF1Δ∼PRD has a reduced activation threshold. Our results provide the first direct evidence for uncoupling stress-inducible phosphorylation of HSF1 from its activation, and we propose that the phosphorylation signature alone is not an appropriate marker for HSF1 activity.
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El Fatimy R, Miozzo F, Le Mouël A, Abane R, Schwendimann L, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, de Thonel A, Massaoudi I, Paslaru L, Hashimoto-Torii K, Christians E, Rakic P, Gressens P, Mezger V. Heat shock factor 2 is a stress-responsive mediator of neuronal migration defects in models of fetal alcohol syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1043-61. [PMID: 25027850 PMCID: PMC4154132 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a frequent cause of mental retardation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying brain development defects induced by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy are unclear. We used normal and Hsf2-deficient mice and cell systems to uncover a pivotal role for heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) in radial neuronal migration defects in the cortex, a hallmark of fetal alcohol exposure. Upon fetal alcohol exposure, HSF2 is essential for the triggering of HSF1 activation, which is accompanied by distinctive post-translational modifications, and HSF2 steers the formation of atypical alcohol-specific HSF1-HSF2 heterocomplexes. This perturbs the in vivo binding of HSF2 to heat shock elements (HSEs) in genes that control neuronal migration in normal conditions, such as p35 or the MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins, such as Dclk1 and Dcx), and alters their expression. In the absence of HSF2, migration defects as well as alterations in gene expression are reduced. Thus, HSF2, as a sensor for alcohol stress in the fetal brain, acts as a mediator of the neuronal migration defects associated with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid El Fatimy
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France ED 387 iViv UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France Univ Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Federico Miozzo
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France ED 387 iViv UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France Univ Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Anne Le Mouël
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ryma Abane
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France ED 387 iViv UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France Univ Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Leslie Schwendimann
- INSERM U1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- INSERM UMR 866, Dijon, France Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Univ Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Illiasse Massaoudi
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Liliana Paslaru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elisabeth Christians
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Observatoire Océanologique, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM U1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- CNRS UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris Cedex 13, France Univ Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France
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23
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Korfanty J, Stokowy T, Widlak P, Gogler-Piglowska A, Handschuh L, Podkowiński J, Vydra N, Naumowicz A, Toma-Jonik A, Widlak W. Crosstalk between HSF1 and HSF2 during the heat shock response in mouse testes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Morano KA, Sistonen L, Mezger V. Heat shock in the springtime. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:753-61. [PMID: 25199949 PMCID: PMC4389858 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A collaborative workshop dedicated to the discussion of heat shock factors in stress response, development, and disease was held on April 22-24, 2014 at the Université Paris Diderot in Paris, France. Recent years have witnessed an explosion of interest in these highly conserved transcription factors, with biological roles ranging from environmental sensing to human development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Morano
- />Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lea Sistonen
- />Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Valérie Mezger
- />UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- />University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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25
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Elsing AN, Aspelin C, Björk JK, Bergman HA, Himanen SV, Kallio MJ, Roos-Mattjus P, Sistonen L. Expression of HSF2 decreases in mitosis to enable stress-inducible transcription and cell survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:735-49. [PMID: 25202032 PMCID: PMC4164949 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of global transcriptional inhibition, a decrease in HSF2 expression during mitosis allows for heat shock protein expression and protects cells against proteotoxicity. Unless mitigated, external and physiological stresses are detrimental for cells, especially in mitosis, resulting in chromosomal missegregation, aneuploidy, or apoptosis. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) maintain protein homeostasis and promote cell survival. Hsps are transcriptionally regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). Of these, HSF1 is the master regulator and HSF2 modulates Hsp expression by interacting with HSF1. Due to global inhibition of transcription in mitosis, including HSF1-mediated expression of Hsps, mitotic cells are highly vulnerable to stress. Here, we show that cells can counteract transcriptional silencing and protect themselves against proteotoxicity in mitosis. We found that the condensed chromatin of HSF2-deficient cells is accessible for HSF1 and RNA polymerase II, allowing stress-inducible Hsp expression. Consequently, HSF2-deficient cells exposed to acute stress display diminished mitotic errors and have a survival advantage. We also show that HSF2 expression declines during mitosis in several but not all human cell lines, which corresponds to the Hsp70 induction and protection against stress-induced mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Elsing
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilla Aspelin
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna K Björk
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi A Bergman
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Samu V Himanen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marko J Kallio
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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26
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Rossi A, Riccio A, Coccia M, Trotta E, La Frazia S, Santoro MG. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a potent inducer of zinc finger AN1-type domain 2a gene expression: role of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) heterocomplexes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12705-15. [PMID: 24619424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.513242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger AN1-type domain 2a gene, also known as arsenite-inducible RNA-associated protein (AIRAP), was recently identified as a novel human canonical heat shock gene strictly controlled by heat shock factor (HSF) 1. Little is known about AIRAP gene regulation in human cells. Here we report that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor with anticancer and antiangiogenic properties used in the clinic for treatment of multiple myeloma, is a potent inducer of AIRAP expression in human cells. Using endothelial cells as a model, we unraveled the molecular mechanism regulating AIRAP expression during proteasome inhibition. Bortezomib induces AIRAP expression at the transcriptional level early after treatment, concomitantly with polyubiquitinated protein accumulation and HSF activation. AIRAP protein is detected at high levels for at least 48 h after bortezomib exposure, together with the accumulation of HSF2, a factor implicated in differentiation and development regulation. Different from heat-mediated induction, in bortezomib-treated cells, HSF1 and HSF2 interact directly, forming HSF1-HSF2 heterotrimeric complexes recruited to a specific heat shock element in the AIRAP promoter. Interestingly, whereas HSF1 has been confirmed to be critical for AIRAP gene transcription, HSF2 was found to negatively regulate AIRAP expression after bortezomib treatment, further emphasizing an important modulatory role of this transcription factor under stress conditions. AIRAP function is still not defined. However, the fact that AIRAP is expressed abundantly in primary human cells at bortezomib concentrations comparable with plasma levels in treated patients suggests that AIRAP may participate in the regulatory network controlling proteotoxic stress during bortezomib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rossi
- From the Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy and
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27
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Transcriptional response to stress in the dynamic chromatin environment of cycling and mitotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E3388-97. [PMID: 23959860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305275110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factors (HSFs) are the master regulators of transcription under protein-damaging conditions, acting in an environment where the overall transcription is silenced. We determined the genomewide transcriptional program that is rapidly provoked by HSF1 and HSF2 under acute stress in human cells. Our results revealed the molecular mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis, including HSF1-driven induction of polyubiquitin genes, as well as HSF1- and HSF2-mediated expression patterns of cochaperones, transcriptional regulators, and signaling molecules. We characterized the genomewide transcriptional response to stress also in mitotic cells where the chromatin is tightly compacted. We found a radically limited binding and transactivating capacity of HSF1, leaving mitotic cells highly susceptible to proteotoxicity. In contrast, HSF2 occupied hundreds of loci in the mitotic cells and localized to the condensed chromatin also in meiosis. These results highlight the importance of the cell cycle phase in transcriptional responses and identify the specific mechanisms for HSF1 and HSF2 in transcriptional orchestration. Moreover, we propose that HSF2 is an epigenetic regulator directing transcription throughout cell cycle progression.
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28
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Ostapenko D, Burton JL, Solomon MJ. Identification of anaphase promoting complex substrates in S. cerevisiae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45895. [PMID: 23049888 PMCID: PMC3458821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an essential ubiquitin ligase that targets numerous proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation in mitosis and G1. To gain further insight into cellular pathways controlled by APC/CCdh1, we developed two complementary approaches to identify additional APC/CCdh1 substrates in budding yeast. First, we analyzed the stabilities of proteins that were expressed at the same time in the cell cycle as known APC/C substrates. Second, we screened for proteins capable of interacting with the Cdh1 substrate-binding protein in a yeast two-hybrid system. Here we characterize five potential APC/C substrates identified using these approaches: the transcription factors Tos4 and Pdr3; the mRNA processing factor Fir1; the spindle checkpoint protein kinase Mps1; and a protein of unknown function, Ybr138C. Analysis of the degradation motifs within these proteins revealed that the carboxyl-terminal KEN box and D-boxes of Tos4 are important for its interaction with Cdh1, whereas the N-terminal domain of Ybr138C is required for its instability. Functionally, we found that a stabilized form of Mps1 delayed cell division upon mild spindle disruption, and that elevated levels of Ybr138C reduced cell fitness. Interestingly, both Tos4 and Pdr3 have been implicated in the DNA damage response, whereas Mps1 regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint. Thus, the APC/CCdh1-mediated degradation of these proteins may help to coordinate re-entry into the cell cycle following environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark J. Solomon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Shinkawa T, Tan K, Fujimoto M, Hayashida N, Yamamoto K, Takaki E, Takii R, Prakasam R, Inouye S, Mezger V, Nakai A. Heat shock factor 2 is required for maintaining proteostasis against febrile-range thermal stress and polyglutamine aggregation. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:3571-83. [PMID: 21813737 PMCID: PMC3183013 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-04-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSF2 regulates proteostasis capacity against febrile-range thermal stress, which provides temperature-dependent mechanisms of cellular adaptation to thermal stress. Furthermore, HSF2 has a strong impact on disease progression of Huntington's disease R6/2 mice, suggesting that it could be a promising therapeutic target for protein misfolding diseases. Heat shock response is characterized by the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which facilitate protein folding, and non-HSP proteins with diverse functions, including protein degradation, and is regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). HSF1 is a master regulator of HSP expression during heat shock in mammals, as is HSF3 in avians. HSF2 plays roles in development of the brain and reproductive organs. However, the fundamental roles of HSF2 in vertebrate cells have not been identified. Here we find that vertebrate HSF2 is activated during heat shock in the physiological range. HSF2 deficiency reduces threshold for chicken HSF3 or mouse HSF1 activation, resulting in increased HSP expression during mild heat shock. HSF2-null cells are more sensitive to sustained mild heat shock than wild-type cells, associated with the accumulation of ubiquitylated misfolded proteins. Furthermore, loss of HSF2 function increases the accumulation of aggregated polyglutamine protein and shortens the lifespan of R6/2 Huntington's disease mice, partly through αB-crystallin expression. These results identify HSF2 as a major regulator of proteostasis capacity against febrile-range thermal stress and suggest that HSF2 could be a promising therapeutic target for protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyohide Shinkawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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30
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Hu Y, Mivechi NF. Promotion of heat shock factor Hsf1 degradation via adaptor protein filamin A-interacting protein 1-like (FILIP-1L). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:31397-408. [PMID: 21784850 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.255851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor Hsf1 is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes including heat shock response, development and differentiation, aging, and tumorigenesis. Hsf1 transcriptional activity is tightly controlled through phosphorylation, sumoylation, and acetylation, and through association with a number of regulatory proteins. However, regulation of Hsf1 protein stability or turnover remains unknown. We have identified a novel Hsf1-interacting protein, FILIP-1L, that was found to bind to Hsf1 through yeast two-hybrid screening. FILIP-1L encodes multiple isoforms spanning from 711 to 1135 amino acid residues. FILIP-1L contains four coiled-coil and two N-terminal leucine zipper domains. Ectopic expression of FILIP-1L reduces the expression of the Hsf1 protein because FILIP-1L promotes Hsf1 ubiquitination and degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to a reduction in Hsf1-mediated transcription. FILIP-1L, Hsf1, and the ubiquitin-binding domain of HhR23A, a receptor that transports polyubiquitinated proteins to the 19 S proteasome subunit targeting them for degradation, are found in a complex. This indicates that FILIP-1L is a potential adaptor that is involved in the Hsf1 degradation pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that FILIP-1L interacts with Hsf1, controlling its stability and thus modulating the heat shock response. These data indicate a novel function for FILIP-1L and a pathway for Hsf1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Hu
- Center for Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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31
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Meyer HJ, Rape M. Processive ubiquitin chain formation by the anaphase-promoting complex. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:544-50. [PMID: 21477659 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progression through mitosis requires the sequential ubiquitination of cell cycle regulators by the anaphase-promoting complex, resulting in their proteasomal degradation. Although several mechanisms contribute to APC/C regulation during mitosis, the APC/C is able to discriminate between its many substrates by exploiting differences in the processivity of ubiquitin chain assembly. Here, we discuss how the APC/C achieves processive ubiquitin chain formation to trigger the sequential degradation of cell cycle regulators during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann-Josef Meyer
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, United States
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32
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Implication of heat shock factors in tumorigenesis: therapeutical potential. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1158-81. [PMID: 24212658 PMCID: PMC3756408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat Shock Factors (HSF) form a family of transcription factors (four in mammals) which were named according to the discovery of their activation by a heat shock. HSFs trigger the expression of genes encoding Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) that function as molecular chaperones, contributing to establish a cytoprotective state to various proteotoxic stresses and in pathological conditions. Increasing evidence indicates that this ancient transcriptional protective program acts genome-widely and performs unexpected functions in the absence of experimentally defined stress. Indeed, HSFs are able to re-shape cellular pathways controlling longevity, growth, metabolism and development. The most well studied HSF, HSF1, has been found at elevated levels in tumors with high metastatic potential and is associated with poor prognosis. This is partly explained by the above-mentioned cytoprotective (HSP-dependent) function that may enable cancer cells to adapt to the initial oncogenic stress and to support malignant transformation. Nevertheless, HSF1 operates as major multifaceted enhancers of tumorigenesis through, not only the induction of classical heat shock genes, but also of “non-classical” targets. Indeed, in cancer cells, HSF1 regulates genes involved in core cellular functions including proliferation, survival, migration, protein synthesis, signal transduction, and glucose metabolism, making HSF1 a very attractive target in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the different physiological roles of HSFs as well as the recent discoveries in term of non-cogenic potential of these HSFs, more specifically associated to the activation of “non-classical” HSF target genes. We also present an update on the compounds with potent HSF1-modulating activity of potential interest as anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
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