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Ning J, Sala M, Reina J, Kalagiri R, Hunter T, McCullough BS. Histidine Phosphorylation: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7975. [PMID: 39063217 PMCID: PMC11277029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphohistidine (pHis) is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that is currently poorly understood. The P-N bond in pHis is heat and acid-sensitive, making it more challenging to study than the canonical phosphoamino acids pSer, pThr, and pTyr. As advancements in the development of tools to study pHis have been made, the roles of pHis in cells are slowly being revealed. To date, a handful of enzymes responsible for controlling this modification have been identified, including the histidine kinases NME1 and NME2, as well as the phosphohistidine phosphatases PHPT1, LHPP, and PGAM5. These tools have also identified the substrates of these enzymes, granting new insights into previously unknown regulatory mechanisms. Here, we discuss the cellular function of pHis and how it is regulated on known pHis-containing proteins, as well as cellular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the pHis kinases and phosphatases themselves. We further discuss the role of the pHis kinases and phosphatases as potential tumor promoters or suppressors. Finally, we give an overview of various tools and methods currently used to study pHis biology. Given their breadth of functions, unraveling the role of pHis in mammalian systems promises radical new insights into existing and unexplored areas of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ning
- Correspondence: (J.N.); (B.S.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brandon S. McCullough
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (M.S.); (J.R.); (R.K.); (T.H.)
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2
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Sodders MJ, Avila-Pacheco J, Okorie EC, Shen M, Kumari N, Marathi A, Lakhani M, Bullock K, Pierce K, Dennis C, Jeanfavre S, Sarkar S, Scherzer CR, Clish C, Olsen AL. Genetic screening and metabolomics identify glial adenosine metabolism as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594309. [PMID: 38798570 PMCID: PMC11118494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and lacks disease-modifying therapies. We developed a Drosophila model for identifying novel glial-based therapeutic targets for PD. Human alpha-synuclein is expressed in neurons and individual genes are independently knocked down in glia. We performed a forward genetic screen, knocking down the entire Drosophila kinome in glia in alpha-synuclein expressing flies. Among the top hits were five genes (Ak1, Ak6, Adk1, Adk2, and awd) involved in adenosine metabolism. Knockdown of each gene improved locomotor dysfunction, rescued neurodegeneration, and increased brain adenosine levels. We determined that the mechanism of neuroprotection involves adenosine itself, as opposed to a downstream metabolite. We dove deeper into the mechanism for one gene, Ak1, finding rescue of dopaminergic neuron loss, alpha-synuclein aggregation, and bioenergetic dysfunction after glial Ak1 knockdown. We performed metabolomics in Drosophila and in human PD patients, allowing us to comprehensively characterize changes in purine metabolism and identify potential biomarkers of dysfunctional adenosine metabolism in people. These experiments support glial adenosine as a novel therapeutic target in PD.
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Berg C, Sieber M, Sun J. Finishing the egg. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad183. [PMID: 38000906 PMCID: PMC10763546 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamete development is a fundamental process that is highly conserved from early eukaryotes to mammals. As germ cells develop, they must coordinate a dynamic series of cellular processes that support growth, cell specification, patterning, the loading of maternal factors (RNAs, proteins, and nutrients), differentiation of structures to enable fertilization and ensure embryonic survival, and other processes that make a functional oocyte. To achieve these goals, germ cells integrate a complex milieu of environmental and developmental signals to produce fertilizable eggs. Over the past 50 years, Drosophila oogenesis has risen to the forefront as a system to interrogate the sophisticated mechanisms that drive oocyte development. Studies in Drosophila have defined mechanisms in germ cells that control meiosis, protect genome integrity, facilitate mRNA trafficking, and support the maternal loading of nutrients. Work in this system has provided key insights into the mechanisms that establish egg chamber polarity and patterning as well as the mechanisms that drive ovulation and egg activation. Using the power of Drosophila genetics, the field has begun to define the molecular mechanisms that coordinate environmental stresses and nutrient availability with oocyte development. Importantly, the majority of these reproductive mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, and many play critical roles in the development of somatic tissues as well. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress in several key areas that impact egg chamber development and ovulation. First, we discuss the mechanisms that drive nutrient storage and trafficking during oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis. Second, we examine the processes that regulate follicle cell patterning and how that patterning impacts the construction of the egg shell and the establishment of embryonic polarity. Finally, we examine regulatory factors that control ovulation, egg activation, and successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Berg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5065USA
| | - Matthew Sieber
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269USA
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Prunier C, Chavrier P, Boissan M. Mechanisms of action of NME metastasis suppressors - a family affair. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1155-1167. [PMID: 37353690 PMCID: PMC10713741 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is regulated by metastasis promoter and suppressor genes. NME1, the prototypic and first described metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) involved in nucleotide metabolism; two related family members, NME2 and NME4, are also reported as metastasis suppressors. These proteins physically interact with members of the GTPase dynamin family, which have key functions in membrane fission and fusion reactions necessary for endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics. Evidence supports a model in which NDPKs provide GTP to dynamins to maintain a high local GTP concentration for optimal dynamin function. NME1 and NME2 are cytosolic enzymes that provide GTP to dynamins at the plasma membrane, which drive endocytosis, suggesting that these NMEs are necessary to attenuate signaling by receptors on the cell surface. Disruption of NDPK activity in NME-deficient tumors may thus drive metastasis by prolonging signaling. NME4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that interacts with the dynamin OPA1 at the mitochondria inner membrane to drive inner membrane fusion and maintain a fused mitochondrial network. This function is consistent with the current view that mitochondrial fusion inhibits the metastatic potential of tumor cells whereas mitochondrial fission promotes metastasis progression. The roles of NME family members in dynamin-mediated endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics and the intimate link between these processes and metastasis provide a new framework to understand the metastasis suppressor functions of NME proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Prunier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Actin and Membrane Dynamics Laboratory, Institut Curie - Research Center, CNRS UMR144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Endocrinienne Et Oncologique, Oncobiologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Kyumurkov A, Bouin AP, Boissan M, Manet S, Baschieri F, Proponnet-Guerault M, Balland M, Destaing O, Régent-Kloeckner M, Calmel C, Nicolas A, Waharte F, Chavrier P, Montagnac G, Planus E, Albiges-Rizo C. Force tuning through regulation of clathrin-dependent integrin endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213549. [PMID: 36250940 PMCID: PMC9579986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin endocytosis is essential for many fundamental cellular processes. Whether and how the internalization impacts cellular mechanics remains elusive. Whereas previous studies reported the contribution of the integrin activator, talin, in force development, the involvement of inhibitors is less documented. We identified ICAP-1 as an integrin inhibitor involved in mechanotransduction by co-working with NME2 to control clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integrins at the edge of focal adhesions (FA). Loss of ICAP-1 enables β3-integrin-mediated force generation independently of β1 integrin. β3-integrin-mediated forces were associated with a decrease in β3 integrin dynamics stemming from their reduced diffusion within adhesion sites and slow turnover of FA. The decrease in β3 integrin dynamics correlated with a defect in integrin endocytosis. ICAP-1 acts as an adaptor for clathrin-dependent endocytosis of integrins. ICAP-1 controls integrin endocytosis by interacting with NME2, a key regulator of dynamin-dependent clathrin-coated pits fission. Control of clathrin-mediated integrin endocytosis by an inhibitor is an unprecedented mechanism to tune forces at FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kyumurkov
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Manet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Régent-Kloeckner
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alice Nicolas
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETIMinatec, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Microelectronics Technology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - François Waharte
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, UMR144, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France,Correspondence to Emmanuelle Planus: mailto:
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France,Corinne Albiges-Rizo:
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Khan I, Gril B, Hoshino A, Yang HH, Lee MP, Difilippantonio S, Lyden DC, Steeg PS. Metastasis suppressor NME1 in exosomes or liposomes conveys motility and migration inhibition in breast cancer model systems. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:815-831. [PMID: 35939247 PMCID: PMC10642714 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes have documented roles in accelerating the initiation and outgrowth of metastases, as well as in therapy resistance. Little information supports the converse, that exosomes or similar vesicles can suppress metastasis. We investigated the NME1 (Nm23-H1) metastasis suppressor as a candidate for metastasis suppression by extracellular vesicles. Exosomes derived from two cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231T and MDA-MB-435), when transfected with the NME1 (Nm23-H1) metastasis suppressor, secreted exosomes with NME1 as the predominant constituent. These exosomes entered recipient tumor cells, altered their endocytic patterns in agreement with NME1 function, and suppressed in vitro tumor cell motility and migration compared to exosomes from control transfectants. Proteomic analysis of exosomes revealed multiple differentially expressed proteins that could exert biological functions. Therefore, we also prepared and investigated liposomes, empty or containing partially purified rNME1. rNME1 containing liposomes recapitulated the effects of exosomes from NME1 transfectants in vitro. In an experimental lung metastasis assay the median lung metastases per histologic section was 158 using control liposomes and 15 in the rNME1 liposome group, 90.5% lower than the control liposome group (P = 0.016). The data expand the exosome/liposome field to include metastasis suppressive functions and describe a new translational approach to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Brunilde Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David C Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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8
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Khan I, Steeg PS. Endocytosis: a pivotal pathway for regulating metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:66-75. [PMID: 33262521 PMCID: PMC7782782 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A potentially important aspect in the regulation of tumour metastasis is endocytosis. This process consists of internalisation of cell-surface receptors via pinocytosis, phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter of which includes clathrin-, caveolae- and non-clathrin or caveolae-mediated mechanisms. Endocytosis then progresses through several intracellular compartments for sorting and routing of cargo, ending in lysosomal degradation, recycling back to the cell surface or secretion. Multiple endocytic proteins are dysregulated in cancer and regulate tumour metastasis, particularly migration and invasion. Importantly, four metastasis suppressor genes function in part by regulating endocytosis, namely, the NME, KAI, MTSS1 and KISS1 pathways. Data on metastasis suppressors identify a new point of dysregulation operative in tumour metastasis, alterations in signalling through endocytosis. This review will focus on the multicomponent process of endocytosis affecting different steps of metastasis and how metastatic-suppressor genes use endocytosis to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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9
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The Impact of Drosophila Awd/NME1/2 Levels on Notch and Wg Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197257. [PMID: 33019537 PMCID: PMC7582475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Awd, the Drosophila homologue of NME1/2 metastasis suppressors, plays key roles in many signaling pathways. Mosaic analysis of the null awdJ2A4 allele showed that loss of awd gene function blocks Notch signaling and the expression of its target genes including the Wingless (Wg/Wnt1) morphogen. We also showed that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated awd silencing (awdi) in larval wing disc leads to chromosomal instability (CIN) and to Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK)-mediated cell death. Here we show that this cell death is independent of p53 activity. Based on our previous finding showing that forced survival of awdi-CIN cells leads to aneuploidy without the hyperproliferative effect, we investigated the Wg expression in awdi wing disc cells. Interestingly, the Wg protein is expressed in its correct dorso-ventral domain but shows an altered cellular distribution which impairs its signaling. Further, we show that RNAi-mediated knock down of awd in wing discs does not affect Notch signaling. Thus, our analysis of the hypomorphic phenotype arising from awd downregulation uncovers a dose-dependent effect of Awd in Notch and Wg signaling.
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Adam K, Ning J, Reina J, Hunter T. NME/NM23/NDPK and Histidine Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5848. [PMID: 32823988 PMCID: PMC7461546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NME (Non-metastatic) family members, also known as NDPKs (nucleoside diphosphate kinases), were originally identified and studied for their nucleoside diphosphate kinase activities. This family of kinases is extremely well conserved through evolution, being found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but also diverges enough to create a range of complexity, with homologous members having distinct functions in cells. In addition to nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, some family members are reported to possess protein-histidine kinase activity, which, because of the lability of phosphohistidine, has been difficult to study due to the experimental challenges and lack of molecular tools. However, over the past few years, new methods to investigate this unstable modification and histidine kinase activity have been reported and scientific interest in this area is growing rapidly. This review presents a global overview of our current knowledge of the NME family and histidine phosphorylation, highlighting the underappreciated protein-histidine kinase activity of NME family members, specifically in human cells. In parallel, information about the structural and functional aspects of the NME family, and the knowns and unknowns of histidine kinase involvement in cell signaling are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.); (J.R.)
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Mátyási B, Farkas Z, Kopper L, Sebestyén A, Boissan M, Mehta A, Takács-Vellai K. The Function of NM23-H1/NME1 and Its Homologs in Major Processes Linked to Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:49-61. [PMID: 31993913 PMCID: PMC7109179 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) inhibit different biological processes during metastatic progression without globally influencing development of the primary tumor. The first MSG, NM23 (non-metastatic clone 23, isoform H1) or now called NME1 (stands for non-metastatic) was identified some decades ago. Since then, ten human NM23 paralogs forming two groups have been discovered. Group I NM23 genes encode enzymes with evolutionarily highly conserved nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity. In this review we summarize how results from NDPKs in model organisms converged on human NM23 studies. Next, we examine the role of NM23-H1 and its homologs within the metastatic cascade, e.g. cell migration and invasion, proliferation and apoptosis. NM23-H1 homologs are well known inhibitors of cell migration. Drosophila studies revealed that AWD, the fly counterpart of NM23-H1 is a negative regulator of cell motility by modulating endocytosis of chemotactic receptors on the surface of migrating cells in cooperation with Shibire/Dynamin; this mechanism has been recently confirmed by human studies. NM23-H1 inhibits proliferation of tumor cells by phosphorylating the MAPK scaffold, kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR), resulting in suppression of MAPK signalling. This mechanism was also observed with the C. elegans homolog, NDK-1, albeit with an inverse effect on MAPK activation. Both NM23-H1 and NDK-1 promote apoptotic cell death. In addition, NDK-1, NM23-H1 and their mouse counterpart NM23-M1 were shown to promote phagocytosis in an evolutionarily conserved manner. In summary, inhibition of cell migration and proliferation, alongside actions in apoptosis and phagocytosis are all mechanisms through which NM23-H1 acts against metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mátyási
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kopper
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1st, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1st, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, F-75012, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, AP- HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Anil Mehta
- Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for CVS and Lung Biology, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, DD19SY, Dundee, UK
| | - Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Khan I, Gril B, Steeg PS. Metastasis Suppressors NME1 and NME2 Promote Dynamin 2 Oligomerization and Regulate Tumor Cell Endocytosis, Motility, and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4689-4702. [PMID: 31311812 PMCID: PMC8288561 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NM23 (NME) is a metastasis suppressor that significantly reduces metastasis without affecting primary tumor size, however, the precise molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. We examined the role of dynamin (DNM2), a GTPase regulating membrane scission of vesicles in endocytosis, in NME1 and NME2 regulation of tumor cell motility and metastasis. Overexpression of NMEs in MDA-MB-231T and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines increased endocytosis of transferrin and EGF receptors (TfR and EGFR) concurrent with motility and migration suppression. The internalized vesicles, costained with Rab5, had AP2 depleted from the cell surface and exhibited increased Rab5-GTP levels, consistent with endocytosis. Dynamin inhibitors Iminodyn-22 and Dynole-34-2, or shRNA-mediated downregulation of DNM2, impaired NME's ability to augment endocytosis or suppress tumor cell motility. In a lung metastasis assay, NME1 overexpression failed to significantly suppress metastasis in the DNM2 knockdown MDA-MB-231T cells. Using the EGF-EGFR signaling axis as a model in MDA-MB-231T cells, NME1 decreased pEGFR and pAkt expression in a DNM2-dependent manner, indicating the relevance of this interaction for downstream signaling. NME-DNM2 interaction was confirmed in two-way coimmunoprecipitations. Transfection of a NME1 site-directed mutant lacking histidine protein kinase activity but retaining nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity showed that the NDPK activity of NME was insufficient to promote endocytosis or inhibit EGFR signaling. We show that addition of NME1 or NME2 to DNM2 facilitates DNM2 oligomerization and increases GTPase activity, both required for vesicle scission. NME-DNM2 interaction may contribute to metastasis suppression by altering tumor endocytic and motility phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE: NME1 suppresses metastasis via changes in tumor endocytosis and motility, mediated by dynamin (DNM2) GTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Brunilde Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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13
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Mezzofanti E, Ignesti M, Hsu T, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V. Vps28 Is Involved in the Intracellular Trafficking of Awd, the Drosophila Homolog of NME1/2. Front Physiol 2019; 10:983. [PMID: 31427986 PMCID: PMC6687847 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Awd (abnormal wing discs) gene is the Drosophila homolog of human NME1 and NME2 metastasis suppressor genes. These genes play a key role in tumor progression. Extensive studies revealed that intracellular NME1/2 protein levels could be related to either favorable or poor prognosis depending on tissue context. More recently, extracellular activities of NME1/2 proteins have also been reported, including a tumor- promoting function. We used Drosophila as a genetic model to investigate the mechanism controlling intra- and extracellular levels of NME1/2. We examined the role of several components of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) complex in controlling Awd trafficking. We show that the Vps28 component of the ESCRT-I complex is required for maintenance of normal intracellular level of Awd in larval adipocytes. We already showed that blocking of Shibire (Shi)/Dynamin function strongly- lowers Awd intracellular level. To further investigate this down regulative effect, we analyzed the distribution of endosomal markers in wild type and Shi-defective adipocytes. Our results suggest that Awd does not enter CD63-positive endosomes. Interestingly, we found that in fat body cells, Awd partly- colocalizes with the ESCRT accessory component ALiX, the ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene 2)-interacting protein X. Moreover, we show that the intracellular levels of both proteins are downregulated by blocking the function of the Dynamin encoded by the shibire gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mezzofanti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Ignesti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tien Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan.,Center for Chronic Disease Management and Research, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Tracy Cai X, Li H, Safyan A, Gawlik J, Pyrowolakis G, Jasper H. AWD regulates timed activation of BMP signaling in intestinal stem cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2988. [PMID: 31278345 PMCID: PMC6611797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of stem cell (SC) proliferation ensures tissue homeostasis. In the Drosophila intestine, injury-induced regeneration involves initial activation of intestinal SC (ISC) proliferation and subsequent return to quiescence. These two phases of the regenerative response are controlled by differential availability of the BMP type I receptor Thickveins (Tkv), yet how its expression is dynamically regulated remains unclear. Here we show that during homeostasis, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Highwire and the ubiquitin-proteasome system maintain low Tkv protein expression. After ISC activation, Tkv is stabilized by proteasome inhibition and undergoes endocytosis due to the induction of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase Abnormal Wing Disc (AWD). Tkv internalization is required for the activation of the Smad protein Mad, and for the return to quiescence after a regenerative episode. Our data provide insight into the mechanisms ensuring tissue homeostasis by dynamic control of somatic stem cell activity. Regeneration after injury in the Drosophila intestine involves early activation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and subsequent return to quiescence. Here the authors show that return to quiescence by ISCs involves BMP Type I receptor Tkv protein stabilization along with AWD mediated internalization into endocytic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tracy Cai
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Abu Safyan
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gawlik
- Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - George Pyrowolakis
- Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centre BIOSS and CIBSS, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA. .,Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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15
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Ignesti M, Andrenacci D, Fischer B, Cavaliere V, Gargiulo G. Comparative Expression Profiling of Wild Type Drosophila Malpighian Tubules and von Hippel-Lindau Haploinsufficient Mutant. Front Physiol 2019; 10:619. [PMID: 31191337 PMCID: PMC6547062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Ignesti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Andrenacci
- CNR Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Unità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bettina Fischer
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Bunce CM, Khanim FL. The 'known-knowns', and 'known-unknowns' of extracellular Nm23-H1/NDPK proteins. J Transl Med 2018; 98:602-608. [PMID: 29339833 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs/NDK/NME) are a multifunctional class of proteins conserved throughout evolution. Whilst many of the functions of NDPKs have been identified as intracellular, extracellular eukaryotic and prokaryotic NDPK proteins are also detected in multiple systems and have been implicated in both normal physiology and disease. This review provides an overview of where the field stands on our developing understanding of how NDPK proteins get out of cells, the physiological role of extracellular NDPKs, and how extracellular NDPKs may signal to cells. We will also discuss some of the unanswered questions, the 'known-unknowns' that particularly warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Bunce
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farhat L Khanim
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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17
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Romani P, Ignesti M, Gargiulo G, Hsu T, Cavaliere V. Extracellular NME proteins: a player or a bystander? J Transl Med 2018; 98:248-257. [PMID: 29035383 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nm23/NME gene family has been under intensive study since Nm23H1/NME1 was identified as the first metastasis suppressor. Inverse correlation between the expression levels of NME1/2 and prognosis has indeed been demonstrated in different tumor cohorts. Interestingly, the presence of NME proteins in the extracellular environment in normal and tumoral conditions has also been noted. In many reported cases, however, these extracellular NME proteins exhibit anti-differentiation or oncogenic functions, contradicting their canonical anti-metastatic action. This emerging field thus warrants further investigation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of extracellular NME proteins. A role in promoting stem cell pluripotency and inducing development of central nervous system as well as a neuroprotective function of extracellular NME have been suggested. Moreover, a tumor-promoting function of extracellular NME also emerged at least in some tumor cohorts. In this complex scenario, the secretory mechanism through which NME proteins exit cells is far from being understood. Recently, some evidence obtained in the Drosophila and cancer cell line models points to the involvement of Dynamin in controlling the balance between intra- and extracellular levels of NME. Further analyses on extracellular NME will lead to a better understanding of its physiological function and in turn will allow understanding of how its deregulation contributes to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Romani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Marilena Ignesti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Tien Hsu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Central University, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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18
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The dosage-dependent effect exerted by the NM23-H1/H2 homolog NDK-1 on distal tip cell migration in C. elegans. J Transl Med 2018; 98:182-189. [PMID: 28920944 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of cell migration and altered rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are fundamental properties of metastatic cells. The first identified metastasis suppressor NM23-H1, which displays nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDPK) activity is involved in these processes. NM23-H1 inhibits the migratory and invasive potential of some cancer cells. Correspondingly, numerous invasive cancer cell lines (eg, breast, colon, oral, hepatocellular carcinoma, and melanoma) display low endogenous NM23 levels. In this review, we summarize mechanisms, which are linked to the anti-metastatic activity of NM23. In human cancer cell lines NM23-H1 was shown to regulate cytoskeleton dynamics through inactivation of Rho/Rac-type GTPases. The Drosophila melanogaster NM23 homolog abnormal wing disc (AWD) controls tracheal and border cell migration. The molecular function of AWD is well characterized in both processes as a GTP supplier of Shi/Dynamin whereby AWD regulates the level of chemotactic receptors on the surface of migrating cells through receptor internalization, by its endocytic function. Our group studied the role of the sole group I NDPK, NDK-1 in distal tip cell (DTC) migration in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the absence of NDK-1 the migration of DTCs is incomplete. A half dosage of NDPK as present in ndk-1 (+/-) heterozygotes results in extra turns and overshoots of migrating gonad arms. Conversely, an elevated NDPK level also leads to incomplete gonadal migration owing to a premature stop of DTCs in the third phase of migration, where NDK-1 acts. We propose that NDK-1 exerts a dosage-dependent effect on the migration of DTCs. Our data derived from DTC migration in C. elegans is consistent with data on AWD's function in Drosophila. The combined data suggest that NDPK enzymes control the availability of surface receptors to regulate cell-sensing cues during cell migration. The dosage of NDPKs may be a coupling factor in cell migration by modulating the efficiency of receptor recycling.
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Adam K, Hunter T. Histidine kinases and the missing phosphoproteome from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. J Transl Med 2018; 98:233-247. [PMID: 29058706 PMCID: PMC5815933 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most common type of post-translational modification in eukaryotes. The phosphoproteome is defined as the complete set of experimentally detectable phosphorylation sites present in a cell's proteome under various conditions. However, we are still far from identifying all the phosphorylation sites in a cell mainly due to the lack of information about phosphorylation events involving residues other than Ser, Thr and Tyr. Four types of phosphate-protein linkage exist and these generate nine different phosphoresidues-pSer, pThr, pTyr, pHis, pLys, pArg, pAsp, pGlu and pCys. Most of the effort in studying protein phosphorylation has been focused on Ser, Thr and Tyr phosphorylation. The recent development of 1- and 3-pHis monoclonal antibodies promises to increase our understanding of His phosphorylation and the kinases and phosphatases involved. Several His kinases are well defined in prokaryotes, especially those involved in two-component system (TCS) signaling. However, in higher eukaryotes, NM23, a protein originally characterized as a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, is the only characterized protein-histidine kinase. This ubiquitous and conserved His kinase autophosphorylates its active site His, and transfers this phosphate either onto a nucleoside diphosphate or onto a protein His residue. Studies of NM23 protein targets using newly developed anti-pHis antibodies will surely help illuminate the elusive His phosphorylation-based signaling pathways. This review discusses the role that the NM23/NME/NDPK phosphotransferase has, how the addition of the pHis phosphoproteome will expand the phosphoproteome and make His phosphorylation part of the global phosphorylation world. It also summarizes why our understanding of phosphorylation is still largely restricted to the acid stable phosphoproteome, and highlights the study of NM23 histidine kinase as an entrée into the world of histidine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adam
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are nucleotide metabolism enzymes encoded by NME genes (also called NM23). Given the fact that not all NME-encoded proteins are catalytically active NDPKs and that NM23 generally refers to clinical studies on metastasis, we use here NME/NDPK to denote the proteins. Since their discovery in the 1950's, NMEs/NDPKs have been shown to be involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully determined. Recent progress in elucidating these underlying mechanisms has been presented by experts in the field at the 10th International Congress on the NDPK/NME/AWD protein family in October 2016 in Dubrovnik, Croatia, and is summarized in review articles or original research in this and an upcoming issue of Laboratory Investigation. Within this editorial, we discuss three major cellular processes that involve members of the multi-functional NME/NDPK family: (i) cancer and metastasis dissemination, (ii) membrane remodeling and nucleotide channeling, and iii) protein histidine phosphorylation.
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21
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From Drosophila Blood Cells to Human Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1076:195-214. [PMID: 29951821 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0529-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system plays a critical role in establishing the proper response against invading pathogens or in removing cancerous cells. Furthermore, deregulations of the hematopoietic differentiation program are at the origin of numerous diseases including leukemia. Importantly, many aspects of blood cell development have been conserved from human to Drosophila. Hence, Drosophila has emerged as a potent genetic model to study blood cell development and leukemia in vivo. In this chapter, we give a brief overview of the Drosophila hematopoietic system, and we provide a protocol for the dissection and the immunostaining of the larval lymph gland, the most studied hematopoietic organ in Drosophila. We then focus on the various paradigms that have been used in fly to investigate how conserved genes implicated in leukemogenesis control blood cell development. Specific examples of Drosophila models for leukemia are presented, with particular attention to the most translational ones. Finally, we discuss some limitations and potential improvements of Drosophila models for studying blood cell cancer.
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22
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Fang J, Guo X, Zheng B, Han W, Chen X, Zhu J, Xie B, Liu J, Luan X, Yan Y, He Z, Li H, Qiao C, Yu J. Correlation between NM23 protein overexpression and prognostic value and clinicopathologic features of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:449-458. [PMID: 29274004 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prognostic value and clinicopathological features of NM23 (non-metastasis 23) have previously been assessed, but the results are controversial. Here, we attempted to clarify the correlation between NM23 expression and its prognostic value and the clinicopathological features in ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS The relevant studies were identified using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We calculated the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinicopathological features. We used OS to evaluate the prognostic value of NM23 expression in patients with OC. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS We included 10 studies involving 894 patients in our assessment of the association between NM23 expression and OS for OC. Our data indicated that NM23 expression was not associated with improved OS (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.41-1.68, P = 0.61) or PFS (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.39-1.24, P = 0.22). Elevated NM23 expression was associated with differentiation grade (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.2-0.6, P = 0.0002) and N status (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.78, P = 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference between NM23 expression and tumor stage (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.45-2.66, P = 0.84). Subgroup analysis did not reveal any potential source of heterogeneity. No obvious publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS In OC, there is poor statistical significance between NM23 expression and OS and PFS, but NM23 expression is related to differentiation grade and N status. This meta-analysis reveals that NM23 expression is a potential factor of poor prognosis in OC. The prognostic role of NM23 in different OC stages in combination with the clinical characteristics suggests a novel approach for developing future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueke Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu University Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Romani P, Duchi S, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V. Evidence for a novel function of Awd in maintenance of genomic stability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16820. [PMID: 29203880 PMCID: PMC5714947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal wing discs (awd) gene encodes the Drosophila homolog of NME1/NME2 metastasis suppressor genes. Awd acts in multiple tissues where its function is critical in establishing and maintaining epithelial integrity. Here, we analysed awd gene function in Drosophila epithelial cells using transgene-mediated RNA interference and genetic mosaic analysis. We show that awd knockdown in larval wing disc epithelium leads to chromosomal instability (CIN) and induces apoptosis mediated by activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Forced maintenance of Awd depleted cells, by expressing the cell death inhibitor p35, downregulates atypical protein kinase C and DE-Cadherin. Consistent with their loss of cell polarity and enhanced level of matrix metalloproteinase 1, cells delaminate from wing disc epithelium. Furthermore, the DNA content profile of these cells indicates that they are aneuploid. Overall, our data demonstrate a novel function for awd in maintenance of genomic stability. Our results are consistent with other studies reporting that NME1 down-regulation induces CIN in human cell lines and suggest that Drosophila model could be successfully used to study in vivo the impact of NME/Awd - induced genomic instability on tumour development and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Romani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
| | - Serena Duchi
- Laboratorio di Patologia Ortopedica e Rigenerazione Tissutale Osteoarticolare, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
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24
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Zala D, Schlattner U, Desvignes T, Bobe J, Roux A, Chavrier P, Boissan M. The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:724. [PMID: 28663786 PMCID: PMC5473427 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11561.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5'-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised 'microcompartments', where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover, i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zala
- ESPCI - Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR8249, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), U1055, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38058, France.,Inserm-U1055, Grenoble, F-38058, France
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, Paris, F-75248, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR144, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hospital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Paris, F-75020, France
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Zala D, Schlattner U, Desvignes T, Bobe J, Roux A, Chavrier P, Boissan M. The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:724. [PMID: 28663786 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5'-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised 'microcompartments', where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover, i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zala
- ESPCI - Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR8249, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), U1055, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38058, France.,Inserm-U1055, Grenoble, F-38058, France
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, Paris, F-75248, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR144, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hospital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Paris, F-75020, France
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Romani P, Papi A, Ignesti M, Soccolini G, Hsu T, Gargiulo G, Spisni E, Cavaliere V. Dynamin controls extracellular level of Awd/Nme1 metastasis suppressor protein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1171-1182. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jin Y, Dai Z. Mutation of the nm23-H1 gene has a non-dominant role in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:107-110. [PMID: 27330777 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nm23-H1 is a metastasis suppressor gene, which is has a reduced expression in patients with digestive system cancer. However, the mechanistic basis for the genetic instability remains unknown. To study the expression of the nm23-H1 gene in patients with colorectal cancer, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism was used to analyze any point mutation, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nm23-H1. Results revealed that all 63 specimens of Chinese human colorectal cancer tissues exhibit no point mutation. Among those 63 specimens, 19 (30%) exhibited positive immunostaining for the nm23-H1 protein and 44 (70%) exhibited negative immunostaining. These observations suggested that the protein and gene expression levels of nm23-H1 are reduced in colorectal cancer compared with the adjacent normal tissues, and the point mutation in the nm23-H1 gene is not the dominant cause of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Dai
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Takács-Vellai K, Vellai T, Farkas Z, Mehta A. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) in animal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015. [PMID: 25537302 DOI: 10.07/s00018-014-1803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In textbooks of biochemistry, nucleoside diphosphate conversion to a triphosphate by nucleoside diphosphate 'kinases' (NDPKs, also named NME or NM23 proteins) merits a few lines of text. Yet this essential metabolic function, mediated by a multimeric phosphotransferase protein, has effects that lie beyond a simple housekeeping role. NDPKs attracted more attention when NM23-H1 was identified as the first metastasis suppressor gene. In this review, we examine these NDPK enzymes from a developmental perspective because of the tractable phenotypes found in simple animal models that point to common themes. The data suggest that NDPK enzymes control the availability of surface receptors to regulate cell-sensing cues during cell migration. NDPKs regulate different forms of membrane enclosure that engulf dying cells during development. We suggest that NDPK enzymes have been essential for the regulated uptake of objects such as bacteria or micronutrients, and this evolutionarily conserved endocytic function contributes to their activity towards the regulation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary,
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Takács-Vellai K, Vellai T, Farkas Z, Mehta A. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) in animal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1447-62. [PMID: 25537302 PMCID: PMC11113130 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In textbooks of biochemistry, nucleoside diphosphate conversion to a triphosphate by nucleoside diphosphate 'kinases' (NDPKs, also named NME or NM23 proteins) merits a few lines of text. Yet this essential metabolic function, mediated by a multimeric phosphotransferase protein, has effects that lie beyond a simple housekeeping role. NDPKs attracted more attention when NM23-H1 was identified as the first metastasis suppressor gene. In this review, we examine these NDPK enzymes from a developmental perspective because of the tractable phenotypes found in simple animal models that point to common themes. The data suggest that NDPK enzymes control the availability of surface receptors to regulate cell-sensing cues during cell migration. NDPKs regulate different forms of membrane enclosure that engulf dying cells during development. We suggest that NDPK enzymes have been essential for the regulated uptake of objects such as bacteria or micronutrients, and this evolutionarily conserved endocytic function contributes to their activity towards the regulation of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary,
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30
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Progress on Nme (NDP kinase/Nm23/Awd) gene family-related functions derived from animal model systems: studies on development, cardiovascular disease, and cancer metastasis exemplified. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:109-17. [PMID: 25585611 PMCID: PMC10153104 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Boissan M, Montagnac G, Shen Q, Griparic L, Guitton J, Romao M, Sauvonnet N, Lagache T, Lascu I, Raposo G, Desbourdes C, Schlattner U, Lacombe ML, Polo S, van der Bliek AM, Roux A, Chavrier P. Membrane trafficking. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases fuel dynamin superfamily proteins with GTP for membrane remodeling. Science 2014; 344:1510-5. [PMID: 24970086 PMCID: PMC4601533 DOI: 10.1126/science.1253768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily molecular motors use guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy for membrane-remodeling events. We found that knockdown of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) NM23-H1/H2, which produce GTP through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven conversion of guanosine diphosphate (GDP), inhibited dynamin-mediated endocytosis. NM23-H1/H2 localized at clathrin-coated pits and interacted with the proline-rich domain of dynamin. In vitro, NM23-H1/H2 were recruited to dynamin-induced tubules, stimulated GTP-loading on dynamin, and triggered fission in the presence of ATP and GDP. NM23-H4, a mitochondria-specific NDPK, colocalized with mitochondrial dynamin-like OPA1 involved in mitochondria inner membrane fusion and increased GTP-loading on OPA1. Like OPA1 loss of function, silencing of NM23-H4 but not NM23-H1/H2 resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation, reflecting fusion defects. Thus, NDPKs interact with and provide GTP to dynamins, allowing these motor proteins to work with high thermodynamic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Boissan
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris 06, Paris, France. Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 938, Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Qinfang Shen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorena Griparic
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maryse Romao
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Structure and Membrane Compartments, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Sauvonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Lagache
- Quantitative Image Analysis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ioan Lascu
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires-CNRS, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Structure and Membrane Compartments, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Céline Desbourdes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France. Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Grenoble, France. Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Lise Lacombe
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris 06, Paris, France. Saint-Antoine Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 938, Paris, France
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander M van der Bliek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, & Swiss National Center for Competence in Research Program Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, Research Center, Paris, France. Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France.
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Interaction between Nm23 and the tumor suppressor VHL. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:143-52. [PMID: 24915993 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the anti-tumor genes (tumor suppressors and metastasis suppressors), the von-Hippel Lindau gene and the Nm23 family of genes are among the more intriguing ones. Both are small (long and short forms of VHL are 30 and 19 kD, respectively, and Nm23 is ~17 kD), and both possess diverse molecular and cellular functions. Despite extensive studies, the entire spectra of functions and the molecular function-phenotype correlation of these two proteins have not been completely elucidated. In this report, we present data showing these two proteins interact physically. We also summarize and confirm the previous studies that demonstrated the endocytic function of these two genes and further show that the endocytic function of VHL is mediated through the activity of Nm23. These functional and molecular interactions are evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to human.
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Takács-Vellai K. The metastasis suppressor Nm23 as a modulator of Ras/ERK signaling. J Mol Signal 2014; 9:4. [PMID: 24829611 PMCID: PMC4020307 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NM23-H1 (also known as NME1) was the first identified metastasis suppressor, which displays a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and histidine protein kinase activity. NDPKs are linked to many processes, such as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, but the exact mechanism whereby NM23-H1 inhibits the metastatic potential of cancer cells remains elusive. However, some recent data suggest that NM23-H1 may exert its anti-metastatic effect by blocking Ras/ERK signaling. In mammalian cell lines NDPK-mediated attenuation of Ras/ERK signaling occurs through phosphorylation (thus inactivation) of KSR (kinase suppressor of Ras) scaffolds. In this review I summarize our knowledge about KSR's function and its regulation in mammals and in C. elegans. Genetic studies in the nematode contributed substantially to our understanding of the function and regulation of the Ras pathway (i.e. KSR's discovery is also linked to the nematode). Components of the RTK/Ras/ERK pathway seem to be highly conserved between mammals and worms. NDK-1, the worm homolog of NM23-H1 affects Ras/MAPK signaling at the level of KSRs, and a functional interaction between NDK-1/NDPK and KSRs was first demonstrated in the worm in vivo. However, NDK-1 is a factor, which is necessary for proper MAPK activation, thus it activates rather than suppresses Ras/MAPK signaling in the worm. The contradiction between results in mammalian cell lines and in the worm regarding NDPKs' effect exerted on the outcome of Ras signaling might be resolved, if we better understand the function, structure and regulation of KSR scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Fancsalszky L, Monostori E, Farkas Z, Pourkarimi E, Masoudi N, Hargitai B, Bosnar MH, Deželjin M, Zsákai A, Vellai T, Mehta A, Takács-Vellai K. NDK-1, the homolog of NM23-H1/H2 regulates cell migration and apoptotic engulfment in C. elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92687. [PMID: 24658123 PMCID: PMC3962447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of cell migration and altered rearrangement of cytoskeleton are characteristic of metastatic cells. The first described suppressor of metastatic processes is NM23-H1, which displays NDPK (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) activity. To better understand the role of nm23 genes in cell migration, we investigated the function of NDK-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of group I NDPKs in distal tip cell (DTC) migration. Dorsal phase of DTC migration is regulated by integrin mediated signaling. We find that ndk-1 loss of function mutants show defects in this phase. Epistasis analysis using mutants of the α-integrin ina-1 and the downstream functioning motility-promoting signaling module (referred to as CED-10 pathway) placed NDK-1 downstream of CED-10/Rac. As DTC migration and engulfment of apoptotic corpses are analogous processes, both partially regulated by the CED-10 pathway, we investigated defects of apoptosis in ndk-1 mutants. Embryos and germ cells defective for NDK-1 showed an accumulation of apoptotic cell corpses. Furthermore, NDK-1::GFP is expressed in gonadal sheath cells, specialized cells for engulfment and clearence of apoptotic corpses in germ line, which indicates a role for NDK-1 in apoptotic corpse removal. In addition to the CED-10 pathway, engulfment in the worm is also mediated by the CED-1 pathway. abl-1/Abl and abi-1/Abi, which function in parallel to both CED-10/CED-1 pathways, also regulate engulfment and DTC migration. ndk-1(-);abi-1(-) double mutant embryos display an additive phenotype (e. g. enhanced number of apoptotic corpses) which suggests that ndk-1 acts in parallel to abi-1. Corpse number in ndk-1(-);ced-10(-) double mutants, however, is similar to ced-10(-) single mutants, suggesting that ndk-1 acts downstream of ced-10 during engulfment. In addition, NDK-1 shows a genetic interaction with DYN-1/dynamin, a downstream component of the CED-1 pathway. In summary, we propose that NDK-1/NDPK might represent a converging point of CED-10 and CED-1 pathways in the process of cytoskeleton rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fancsalszky
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Monostori
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Neda Masoudi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hargitai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maja Herak Bosnar
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Deželjin
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Annamária Zsákai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anil Mehta
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Ignesti M, Barraco M, Nallamothu G, Woolworth JA, Duchi S, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V, Hsu T. Notch signaling during development requires the function of awd, the Drosophila homolog of human metastasis suppressor gene Nm23. BMC Biol 2014; 12:12. [PMID: 24528630 PMCID: PMC3937027 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Drosophila abnormal wing discs (awd) belongs to a highly conserved family of genes implicated in metastasis suppression, metabolic homeostasis and epithelial morphogenesis. The cellular function of the mammalian members of this family, the Nm23 proteins, has not yet been clearly defined. Previous awd genetic analyses unraveled its endocytic role that is required for proper internalization of receptors controlling different signaling pathways. In this study, we analyzed the role of Awd in controlling Notch signaling during development. RESULTS To study the awd gene function we used genetic mosaic approaches to obtain cells homozygous for a loss of function allele. In awd mutant follicle cells and wing disc cells, Notch accumulates in enlarged early endosomes, resulting in defective Notch signaling. Our results demonstrate that awd function is required before γ-secretase mediated cleavage since over-expression of the constitutively active form of the Notch receptor in awd mutant follicle cells allows rescue of the signaling. By using markers of different endosomal compartments we show that Notch receptor accumulates in early endosomes in awd mutant follicle cells. A trafficking assay in living wing discs also shows that Notch accumulates in early endosomes. Importantly, constitutively active Rab5 cannot rescue the awd phenotype, suggesting that awd is required for Rab5 function in early endosome maturation. CONCLUSIONS In this report we demonstrate that awd is essential for Notch signaling via its endocytic role. In addition, we identify the endocytic step at which Awd function is required for Notch signaling and we obtain evidence indicating that Awd is necessary for Rab5 function. These findings provide new insights into the developmental and pathophysiological function of this important gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Ignesti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marilena Barraco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Present address: Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gouthami Nallamothu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Julie A Woolworth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Serena Duchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Present address: Bone Regeneration Laboratory, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Tien Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Graduate Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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36
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Group choreography: mechanisms orchestrating the collective movement of border cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:631-45. [PMID: 23000794 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell movements are essential for animal development and homeostasis but also contribute to disease. Moving cells typically extend protrusions towards a chemoattractant, adhere to the substrate, contract and detach at the rear. It is less clear how cells that migrate in interconnected groups in vivo coordinate their behaviour and navigate through natural environments. The border cells of the Drosophila melanogaster ovary have emerged as an excellent model for the study of collective cell movement, aided by innovative genetic, live imaging, and photomanipulation techniques. Here we provide an overview of the molecular choreography of border cells and its more general implications.
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Onyenwoke RU, Forsberg LJ, Liu L, Williams T, Alzate O, Brenman JE. AMPK directly inhibits NDPK through a phosphoserine switch to maintain cellular homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 23:381-9. [PMID: 22114351 PMCID: PMC3258181 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) is a direct target of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and is inhibited by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at a conserved serine residue. This serine residue in NDPK is mutated in neuroblastoma, making the enzyme constitutively active. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key energy sensor that regulates metabolism to maintain cellular energy balance. AMPK activation has also been proposed to mimic benefits of caloric restriction and exercise. Therefore, identifying downstream AMPK targets could elucidate new mechanisms for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. We identified the phosphotransferase nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), which maintains pools of nucleotides, as a direct AMPK target through the use of two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, we mapped the AMPK/NDPK phosphorylation site (serine 120) as a functionally potent enzymatic “off switch” both in vivo and in vitro. Because ATP is usually the most abundant cellular nucleotide, NDPK would normally consume ATP, whereas AMPK would inhibit NDPK to conserve energy. It is intriguing that serine 120 is mutated in advanced neuroblastoma, which suggests a mechanism by which NDPK in neuroblastoma can no longer be inhibited by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation. This novel placement of AMPK upstream and directly regulating NDPK activity has widespread implications for cellular energy/nucleotide balance, and we demonstrate in vivo that increased NDPK activity leads to susceptibility to energy deprivation–induced death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob U Onyenwoke
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Hsu T. NME genes in epithelial morphogenesis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 384:363-72. [PMID: 21336542 PMCID: PMC3337754 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The NME family of genes encodes highly conserved multifunctional proteins that have been shown to participate in nucleic acid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, and cancer progression. Some family members, particularly isoforms 1 and 2, have attracted extensive interests because of their potential anti-metastasis activity. Unfortunately, there have been few consensus mechanistic explanations for this critical function because of the numerous molecular functions ascribed to these proteins, including nucleoside diphosphate kinase, protein kinase, nuclease, transcription factor, growth factor, among others. In addition, different studies showed contradictory prognostic correlations between NME expression levels and tumor progression in clinical samples. Thus, analyses using pliable in vivo systems have become critical for unraveling at least some aspects of the complex functions of this family of genes. Recent works using the Drosophila genetic system have suggested a role for NME in regulating epithelial cell motility and morphogenesis, which has also been demonstrated in mammalian epithelial cell culture. This function is mediated by promoting internalization of growth factor receptors in motile epithelial cells, and the adherens junction components such as E-cadherin and β-catenin in epithelia that form the tissue linings. Interestingly, NME genes in epithelial cells appear to function in a defined range of expression levels. Either down-regulation or over-expression can perturb epithelial integrity, resulting in different aspects of epithelial abnormality. Such biphasic functions provide a plausible explanation for the documented anti-metastatic activity and the suspected oncogenic function. This review summarizes these recent findings and discusses their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Room 440, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Complex cellular functions of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene: insights from model organisms. Oncogene 2011; 31:2247-57. [PMID: 21996733 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) has attracted intensive interest not only because its mutations predispose carriers to devastating tumors, but also because it is involved in oxygen sensing under physiological conditions. VHL loss-of-function mutations result in organ-specific tumors, such as hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system and renal cell carcinoma, both untreatable with conventional chemotherapies. The VHL protein is best known as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α), but many diverse, non-canonical cellular functions have also been assigned to VHL, mainly based on studies in cell culture systems. As such, although the HIF-dependent role of VHL is critical, the full spectrum of pathophysiological functions of VHL is still unresolved. Such understanding requires careful cross-referencing with physiologically relevant experimental models. Studies in model systems, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse have provided critical in vivo confirmation of the VHL-HIF pathway, and verification of potentially important cellular functions including microtubule stabilization and epithelial morphogenesis. More recently, animal models have also suggested systemic roles of VHL in hematopoiesis, metabolic homeostasis and inflammation. In this review, the studies performed in model organisms will be summarized and placed in context with existing clinical and in vitro data.
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Saha A, Robertson ES. Functional modulation of the metastatic suppressor Nm23-H1 by oncogenic viruses. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3174-84. [PMID: 21846466 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence over the last two decades from a number of disciplines has solidified some fundamental concepts in metastasis, a major contributor to cancer associated deaths. However, significant advances have been made in controlling this critical cellular process by focusing on targeted therapy. A key set of factors associated with this invasive phenotype is the nm23 family of over twenty metastasis-associated genes. Among the eight known isoforms, Nm23-H1 is the most studied potential anti-metastatic factor associated with human cancers. Importantly, a growing body of work has clearly suggested a critical role for Nm23-H1 in limiting tumor cell motility and progression induced by several tumor viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) and human papilloma virus (HPV). A more in depth understanding of the interactions between tumor viruses encoded antigens and Nm23-H1 will facilitate the elucidation of underlying mechanism(s) which contribute to virus-associated cancers. Here, we review recent studies to explore the molecular links between human oncogenic viruses and progression of metastasis, in particular the deregulation of Nm23-H1 mediated suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Boissan M, Lacombe ML. Learning about the functions of NME/NM23: lessons from knockout mice to silencing strategies. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:421-31. [PMID: 21562815 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human NME gene family (also known as NM23) comprises ten genes that are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes including proliferation, differentiation, development, ciliary functions, and metastasis. For the moment, only the NME1, NME2, and NME7 genes have been inactivated in transgenic knockout mice, as well as a double NME1-NME2 gene knockout. Mice lacking NME1 or NME2 grow to adulthood without health problems, although NME1 (-/-) mice have modest growth retardation. Double knockout NME1 (-/-)-NME2 (-/-) mice, by contrast, are highly hypotrophic and die at birth from profound anemia due to impaired erythroblast development. Evidence for a metastasis suppressor function of NME1 in vivo comes from crossing NME1 (-/-) mice with mice prone to develop hepatocellular carcinoma; the double transgenic mice present a higher incidence of lung metastases. Silencing of NME1 by siRNA interference has confirmed this function by conferring a "metastatic phenotype" on non-invasive human epithelial cancer cell lines. This function is specific to NME1 and is not observed when the NME2 is silenced. The data indicate that NME1 loss is causally involved at the early stages of the metastatic cascade. NME2 (-/-) mice and NME2 silencing experiments reveal a specific role of NME2 in activation of heterotrimeric G proteins and of KCa3.1 channel in T cells, pointing to a role of NME2 as a histidine phosphotransferase. Regarding NME7, consistent with its expression in axonemal structures, NME7 (-/-) mice present lesions similar to primary ciliary dyskinesia. This review summarizes the recent data obtained by knockout and silencing of NME/NM23 genes that provide mechanistic insights into their respective roles in physiology and pathology.
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Proteomic analysis of NME1/NDPK A null mouse liver: evidence for a post-translational regulation of annexin IV and EF-1Bα. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Polesello C, Roch F, Gobert V, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. Modeling cancers in Drosophila. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 100:51-82. [PMID: 21377624 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384878-9.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The basic cellular processes deregulated during carcinogenesis and the vast majority of the genes implicated in cancer appear conserved from humans to flies. This conservation, together with an ever-expanding fly genetic toolbox, has made of Drosophila melanogaster a remarkably profitable model to study many fundamental aspects of carcinogenesis. In particular, Drosophila has played a major role in the identification of genes and pathways implicated in cancer and in disclosing novel functional relationships between cancer genes. It has also proved to be a genetically tractable system where to mimic cancer-like situations and characterize the mode of action of human oncogenes. Here, we outline some advances in the study of cancer, both at the basic and more translational levels, which have benefited from research carried out in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Polesello
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD, Centre de Biologie du Développement, Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Nucleoside diphosphate kinase Nm23-H1 regulates chromosomal stability by activating the GTPase dynamin during cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:15461-6. [PMID: 20713695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010633107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability and the subsequent genetic mutations are considered to be critical factors in the development of the majority of solid tumors. Here, we describe how the nucleoside diphosphate kinase Nm23-H1, a protein with a known link to cancer progression, regulates a critical step during cytokinesis. Nm23-H1 acts to provide a local source of GTP for the GTPase dynamin. Loss of Nm23-H1 in diploid cells leads to cytokinetic furrow regression, followed by cytokinesis failure and generation of tetraploid cells. Loss of dynamin phenocopies loss of Nm23-H1, and ectopic overexpression of WT dynamin complements the loss of Nm23-H1. In the absence of p53 signaling, the tetraploid cells resulting from loss of Nm23-H1 continue cycling and develop classic hallmarks of tumor cells. We thus provide evidence that the loss of Nm23-H1, an event suspected to promote metastasis, may additionally function at an earlier stage of tumor development to drive the acquisition of chromosomal instability.
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Abstract
The migration of single cells and epithelial sheets is of great importance for gastrulation and organ formation in developing embryos and, if misregulated, can have dire consequences e.g. during cancer metastasis. A keystone of cell migration is the regulation of adhesive contacts, which are dynamically assembled and disassembled via endocytosis. Here, we discuss some of the basic concepts about the function of endocytic trafficking during cell migration: transport of integrins from the cell rear to the leading edge in fibroblasts; confinement of signalling to the front of single cells by endocytic transport of growth factors; regulation of movement coherence in multicellular sheets by cadherin turnover; and shaping of extracellular chemokine gradients. Taken together, endocytosis enables migrating cells and tissues to dynamically modulate their adhesion and signalling, allowing them to efficiently migrate through their extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ulrich
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York, USA
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Woolworth JA, Nallamothu G, Hsu T. The Drosophila metastasis suppressor gene Nm23 homolog, awd, regulates epithelial integrity during oogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:4679-90. [PMID: 19581292 PMCID: PMC2725718 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00297-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression levels of the metastasis suppressor gene Nm23 have been shown to correlate positively or inversely with prognosis in different cancer cohorts. This indicates that Nm23 may be needed at different expression levels and may function differently in various tissues. Here we report a novel epithelial function of the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of human Nm23, abnormal wing discs (awd). We show a dynamic expression pattern of the Awd protein during morphogenesis of the Drosophila follicle cells during oogenesis. Loss-of-function awd mutant cells result in the accumulation and spreading of adherens junction components, such as Drosophila E-cadherin, beta-catenin/Armadillo, and alpha-spectrin, and the disruption of epithelial integrity, including breaking up of the epithelial sheet and piling up of follicle cells. In contrast, overexpression of awd diminishes adherens junction components and induces a mesenchymal-cell-like cell shape change. The gain-of-function phenotype is consistent with a potential oncogenic function of this metastasis suppressor gene. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the epithelial function of awd is mediated by Rab5 and show that the Rab5 expression level is downregulated in awd mutant cells. Therefore, awd modulates the level and localization of adherens junction components via endocytosis. This is the first demonstration of an in vivo function of Nm23 family genes in regulating epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Woolworth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Nallamothu G, Dammai V, Hsu T. Developmental function of Nm23/awd: a mediator of endocytosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 329:35-44. [PMID: 19373545 PMCID: PMC2721904 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor gene Nm23 is highly conserved from yeast to human, implicating a critical developmental function. Studies in cultured mammalian cells have identified several potential functions, but many have not been directly verified in vivo. Here, we summarize the studies on the Drosophila homolog of the Nm23 gene, named a bnormal w ing d iscs (awd), which shares 78% amino acid identity with the human Nm23-H1 and H2 isoforms. These studies confirmed that awd gene encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and provided strong evidence of a role for awd in regulating cell differentiation and motility via regulation of growth factor receptor signaling. The latter function is mainly mediated by control of endocytosis. This review provides a historical account of the discovery and subsequent analyses of the awd gene. We will also discuss the possible molecular function of the Awd protein that underlies the endocytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouthami Nallamothu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Vincent Dammai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tien Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Abstract
The NM23 (non-metastatic 23) family is almost universally conserved across all three domains of life: eubacteria, archaea and eucaryotes. Unicellular organisms possess one NM23 ortholog, whilst vertebrates possess several. Gene multiplication through evolution has been accompanied by structural and functional diversification. Many NM23 orthologs are nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDP kinases), but some more recently evolved members lack NDP kinase activity and/or display other functions, for instance, acting as protein kinases or transcription factors. These members display overlapping but distinct expression patterns during vertebrate development. In this review, we describe the functional differences and similarities among various NM23 family members. Moreover, we establish orthologous relationships through a phylogenetic analysis of NM23 members across vertebrate species, including Xenopus laevis and zebrafish, primitive chordates and several phyla of invertebrates. Finally, we summarize the involvement of NM23 proteins in development, in particular neural development. Carcinogenesis is a process of misregulated development, and NM23 was initially implicated as a metastasis suppressor. A more detailed understanding of the evolution of the family and its role in vertebrate development will facilitate elucidation of the mechanism of NM23 involvement in human cancer.
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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are encoded by the NME genes, also called NM23. They catalyze the transfer of gamma-phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates by a ping-pong mechanism involving the formation of a high energy phospho-histidine intermediate [1, 2]. Besides their known functions in the control of intracellular nucleotide homeostasis, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes such as differentiation, development, metastastic dissemination or cilia functions. Over the past 15 years, ten human genes have been discovered encoding partial, full length, and/or tandemly repeated Nm23/NDPK domains, with or without N-or C-terminal extensions and/or additional domains. These genes encode proteins exhibiting different functions at various tissular and subcellular localizations. Most of these genes appear late in evolution with the emergence of the vertebrate lineage. This review summarizes the present knowledge on these multitalented proteins.
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Boissan M, Dabernat S, Peuchant E, Schlattner U, Lascu I, Lacombe ML. The mammalian Nm23/NDPK family: from metastasis control to cilia movement. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 329:51-62. [PMID: 19387795 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are encoded by the NME genes, also called NM23. They catalyze the transfer of gamma-phosphate from nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates by a ping-pong mechanism involving the formation of a high energy phospho-histidine intermediate [1, 2]. Besides their known functions in the control of intracellular nucleotide homeostasis, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes such as differentiation, development, metastastic dissemination or cilia functions. Over the past 15 years, ten human genes have been discovered encoding partial, full length, and/or tandemly repeated Nm23/NDPK domains, with or without N-or C-terminal extensions and/or additional domains. These genes encode proteins exhibiting different functions at various tissular and subcellular localizations. Most of these genes appear late in evolution with the emergence of the vertebrate lineage. This review summarizes the present knowledge on these multitalented proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Boissan
- INSERM UMRS_938, UMPC Université Paris 06, 75012 Paris, France
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