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Van der Auwera P, Frooninckx L, Buscemi K, Vance RT, Watteyne J, Mirabeau O, Temmerman L, De Haes W, Fancsalszky L, Gottschalk A, Raizen DM, Nelson MD, Schoofs L, Beets I. RPamide neuropeptides NLP-22 and NLP-2 act through GnRH-like receptors to promote sleep and wakefulness in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9929. [PMID: 32555288 PMCID: PMC7303124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are fundamental behavioral states of which the underlying molecular principles are becoming slowly elucidated. Transitions between these states require the coordination of multiple neurochemical and modulatory systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans sleep occurs during a larval transition stage called lethargus and is induced by somnogenic neuropeptides. Here, we identify two opposing neuropeptide/receptor signaling pathways: NLP-22 promotes behavioral quiescence, whereas NLP-2 promotes movement during lethargus, by signaling through gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) related receptors. Both NLP-2 and NLP-22 belong to the RPamide neuropeptide family and share sequence similarities with neuropeptides of the bilaterian GnRH, adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and corazonin family. RPamide neuropeptides dose-dependently activate the GnRH/AKH-like receptors GNRR-3 and GNRR-6 in a cellular receptor activation assay. In addition, nlp-22-induced locomotion quiescence requires the receptor gnrr-6. By contrast, wakefulness induced by nlp-2 overexpression is diminished by deletion of either gnrr-3 or gnrr-6. nlp-2 is expressed in a pair of olfactory AWA neurons and cycles with larval periodicity, as reported for nlp-22, which is expressed in RIA. Our data suggest that the somnogenic NLP-22 neuropeptide signals through GNRR-6, and that both GNRR-3 and GNRR-6 are required for the wake-promoting action of NLP-2 neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Van der Auwera
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lotte Frooninckx
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristen Buscemi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Ryan T Vance
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Jan Watteyne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luca Fancsalszky
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Nelson
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Fancsalszky L, Monostori E, Farkas Z, Pourkarimi E, Masoudi N, Hargitai B, Bosnar MH, Deželjin M, Zsákai A, Vellai T, Mehta A, Takács-Vellai K. NDK-1, the homolog of NM23-H1/H2 regulates cell migration and apoptotic engulfment in C. elegans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92687. [PMID: 24658123 PMCID: PMC3962447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of cell migration and altered rearrangement of cytoskeleton are characteristic of metastatic cells. The first described suppressor of metastatic processes is NM23-H1, which displays NDPK (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) activity. To better understand the role of nm23 genes in cell migration, we investigated the function of NDK-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of group I NDPKs in distal tip cell (DTC) migration. Dorsal phase of DTC migration is regulated by integrin mediated signaling. We find that ndk-1 loss of function mutants show defects in this phase. Epistasis analysis using mutants of the α-integrin ina-1 and the downstream functioning motility-promoting signaling module (referred to as CED-10 pathway) placed NDK-1 downstream of CED-10/Rac. As DTC migration and engulfment of apoptotic corpses are analogous processes, both partially regulated by the CED-10 pathway, we investigated defects of apoptosis in ndk-1 mutants. Embryos and germ cells defective for NDK-1 showed an accumulation of apoptotic cell corpses. Furthermore, NDK-1::GFP is expressed in gonadal sheath cells, specialized cells for engulfment and clearence of apoptotic corpses in germ line, which indicates a role for NDK-1 in apoptotic corpse removal. In addition to the CED-10 pathway, engulfment in the worm is also mediated by the CED-1 pathway. abl-1/Abl and abi-1/Abi, which function in parallel to both CED-10/CED-1 pathways, also regulate engulfment and DTC migration. ndk-1(-);abi-1(-) double mutant embryos display an additive phenotype (e. g. enhanced number of apoptotic corpses) which suggests that ndk-1 acts in parallel to abi-1. Corpse number in ndk-1(-);ced-10(-) double mutants, however, is similar to ced-10(-) single mutants, suggesting that ndk-1 acts downstream of ced-10 during engulfment. In addition, NDK-1 shows a genetic interaction with DYN-1/dynamin, a downstream component of the CED-1 pathway. In summary, we propose that NDK-1/NDPK might represent a converging point of CED-10 and CED-1 pathways in the process of cytoskeleton rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fancsalszky
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Monostori
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Neda Masoudi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hargitai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maja Herak Bosnar
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Deželjin
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Annamária Zsákai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anil Mehta
- Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Masoudi N, Fancsalszky L, Pourkarimi E, Vellai T, Alexa A, Reményi A, Gartner A, Mehta A, Takács-Vellai K. The NM23-H1/H2 homolog NDK-1 is required for full activation of Ras signaling in C. elegans. Development 2013; 140:3486-95. [PMID: 23900546 PMCID: PMC3737725 DOI: 10.1242/dev.094011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The group I members of the Nm23 (non-metastatic) gene family encode nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) that have been implicated in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Despite their developmental and medical significance, the molecular functions of these NDPKs remain ill defined. To minimize confounding effects of functional compensation between closely related Nm23 family members, we studied ndk-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of group I NDPKs, and focused on its role in Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling events during development. ndk-1 inactivation leads to a protruding vulva phenotype and affects vulval cell fate specification through the Ras/MAPK cascade. ndk-1 mutant worms show severe reduction of activated, diphosphorylated MAPK in somatic tissues, indicative of compromised Ras/MAPK signaling. A genetic epistasis analysis using the vulval induction system revealed that NDK-1 acts downstream of LIN-45/Raf, but upstream of MPK-1/MAPK, at the level of the kinase suppressors of ras (KSR-1/2). KSR proteins act as scaffolds facilitating Ras signaling events by tethering signaling components, and we suggest that NDK-1 modulates KSR activity through direct physical interaction. Our study reveals that C. elegans NDK-1/Nm23 influences differentiation by enhancing the level of Ras/MAPK signaling. These results might help to better understand how dysregulated Nm23 in humans contributes to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Masoudi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luca Fancsalszky
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ehsan Pourkarimi
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Alexa
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anton Gartner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anil Mehta
- Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for CVS and Lung Biology, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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