1
|
Gao Y, Yu M, Liu Z, Liu Y, Kong Z, Zhu C, Qin X, Li Y, Tang L. m 6A demethylase ALKBH5 maintains stemness of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by sustaining BUB1B expression and cell proliferation. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101858. [PMID: 38242006 PMCID: PMC10825528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ALKBH5 plays critical roles in various cellular processes via post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes or tumor suppressors in an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner. However, its function in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unclear. In the present study, bioinformatic analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were performed, and the association of ALKBH5 in predicting overall survival in patients with ICC was investigated. Then, the clinical data of patients from The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Changzhou, China) was used to reveal the overall survival of patients with ICC with different ALKBH5 expression levels by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to explore and verify the downstream genes regulated by ALKBH5. The results from TCGA data demonstrated that ALKBH5 expression is elevated in ICC and that patients with high ALKBH5 expression exhibited poor survival compared with patients with low expression. In addition, in vitro assays demonstrated that ALKBH5 promoted cell viability and maintained the stemness of ICC cells, leading to ICC progression. The present study also demonstrated that BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B) is the downstream gene regulated by ALKBH5 and targeting BUB1B suppressed cell growth. The in vitro and vivo experiments revealed that ALKBH5 might function through BUB1B to maintain the stemness of ICC and that altering BUB1B may suppress ICC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China; Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zengyuan Liu
- The Third People's Provincial Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Zhijun Kong
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Liming Tang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery and Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Yang S, Yang J, Feng P, Luo F, Zhang Q, Yang L, Jiang H. BubR1 controls starvation-induced lipolysis via IMD signaling pathway in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3257-3279. [PMID: 38334966 PMCID: PMC10929803 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lipolysis, the key process releasing fat acids to generate energy in adipose tissues, correlates with starvation resistance. Nevertheless, its detail mechanisms remain elusive. BubR1, an essential mitotic regulator, ensures proper chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis, but its physiological functions are largely unknown. Here, we use Drosophila adult fat body, the major lipid storage organ, to study the functions of BubR1 in lipolysis. We show that both whole body- and fat body-specific BubR1 depletions increase lipid degradation and shorten the lifespan under fasting but not feeding. Relish, the conserved regulator of IMD signaling pathway, acts as the downstream target of BubR1 to control the expression level of Bmm and modulate the lipolysis upon fasting. Thus, our study reveals new functions of BubR1 in starvation-induced lipolysis and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of lipolysis mediated by IMD signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyou Liu
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shengye Yang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Laboratory for Aging and Cancer Research, Frontiers Science Center Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nair VM, Sabu AS, Hussain A, Kombarakkaran DP, Lakshmi RB, Manna TK. E3-ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 regulates mitotic progression by targeting BubR1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:374. [PMID: 38008853 PMCID: PMC11072012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation requires correct attachment of kinetochores with the spindle microtubules. Erroneously-attached kinetochores recruit proteins to activate Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which senses the errors and signals cells to delay anaphase progression for error correction. Temporal control of the levels of SAC activating-proteins is critical for checkpoint activation and silencing, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that E3 ubiquitin ligase, SCF-FBXW7 targets BubR1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and thereby controls SAC in human cells. Depletion of FBXW7 results in prolonged metaphase arrest with increased stabilization of BubR1 at kinetochores. Similar kinetochore stabilization is also observed for BubR1-interacting protein, CENP-E. FBXW7 induced ubiquitination of both BubR1 and the BubR1-interacting kinetochore-targeting domain of CENP-E, but CENP-E domain degradation is dependent on BubR1. Interestingly, Cdk1 inhibition disrupts FBXW7-mediated BubR1 targeting and further, phospho-resistant mutation of Cdk1-targeted phosphorylation site, Thr 620 impairs BubR1-FBXW7 interaction and FBXW7-mediated BubR1 ubiquitination, supporting its role as a phosphodegron for FBXW7. The results demonstrate SCF-FBXW7 as a key regulator of spindle assembly checkpoint that controls stability of BubR1 and its associated CENP-E at kinetochores. They also support that upstream Cdk1 specific BubR1 phosphorylation signals the ligase to activate the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu M Nair
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Amit Santhu Sabu
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Delvin P Kombarakkaran
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - R Bhagya Lakshmi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang K, Zhang Y, Gong H, Qiao Z, Wang T, Zhao W, Huang L, Zhou X. Inferring evolutionary trajectories from cross-sectional transcriptomic data to mirror lung adenocarcinoma progression. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011122. [PMID: 37228122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a deadly tumor with dynamic evolutionary process. Although much endeavors have been made in identifying the temporal patterns of cancer progression, it remains challenging to infer and interpret the molecular alterations associated with cancer development and progression. To this end, we developed a computational approach to infer the progression trajectory based on cross-sectional transcriptomic data. Analysis of the LUAD data using our approach revealed a linear trajectory with three different branches for malignant progression, and the results showed consistency in three independent cohorts. We used the progression model to elucidate the potential molecular events in LUAD progression. Further analysis showed that overexpression of BUB1B, BUB1 and BUB3 promoted tumor cell proliferation and metastases by disturbing the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) in the mitosis. Aberrant mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling appeared to be one of the key factors promoting LUAD progression. We found the inferred cancer trajectory allows to identify LUAD susceptibility genetic variations using genome-wide association analysis. This result shows the opportunity for combining analysis of candidate genetic factors with disease progression. Furthermore, the trajectory showed clear evident mutation accumulation and clonal expansion along with the LUAD progression. Understanding how tumors evolve and identifying mutated genes will help guide cancer management. We investigated the clonal architectures and identified distinct clones and subclones in different LUAD branches. Validation of the model in multiple independent data sets and correlation analysis with clinical results demonstrate that our method is effective and unbiased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoran Gong
- West China Biomedical Big Data Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengzheng Qiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
TANG QINGLING, ATIQ WARDA, MAHNOOR SHAISTA, ABDEL-MAKSOUD MOSTAFAA, AUFY MOHAMMED, YAZ HAMID, ZHU JIANYU. Comprehensively analyzing the genetic alterations, and identifying key genes in ovarian cancer. Oncol Res 2023; 31:141-156. [PMID: 37304238 PMCID: PMC10207953 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Though significant improvements have been made in the treatment methods for ovarian cancer (OC), the prognosis for OC patients is still poor. Exploring hub genes associated with the development of OC and utilizing them as appropriate potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets is highly valuable. In this study, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from an independent GSE69428 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset between OC and control samples. The DEGs were processed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING. Later, hub genes were identified through Cytohubba analysis of the Cytoscape. Expression and survival profiling of the hub genes were validated using GEPIA, OncoDB, and GENT2. For exploring promoter methylation levels and genetic alterations in hub genes, MEXPRESS and cBioPortal were utilized, respectively. Moreover, DAVID, HPA, TIMER, CancerSEA, ENCORI, DrugBank, and GSCAlite were used for gene enrichment analysis, subcellular localization analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, exploring correlations between hub genes and different diverse states, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-regulatory network analysis, predicting hub gene-associated drugs, and conducting drug sensitivity analysis, respectively. In total, 8947 DEGs were found between OC and normal samples in GSE69428. After STRING and Cytohubba analysis, 4 hub genes including TTK (TTK Protein Kinase), (BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B) BUB1B, (Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1) NUSAP1, and (ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein) ZWINT were selected as the hub genes. Further, it was validated that these 4 hub genes were significantly up-regulated in OC samples compared to normal controls, but overexpression of these genes was not associated with overall survival (OS). However, genetic alterations in those genes were found to be linked with OS and disease-free (DFS) survival. Moreover, this study also revealed some novel links between TTK, BUB1B, NUSAP1, and ZWINT overexpression and promoter methylation status, immune cell infiltration, miRNAs, gene enrichment terms, and various chemotherapeutic drugs. Four hub genes, including TTK, BUB1B, NUSAP1, and ZWINT, were revealed as tumor-promotive factors in OC, having the potential to be utilized as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QINGLING TANG
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Songjiang District Jiuting Hospital, Shanghai, 20000, China
| | - WARDA ATIQ
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, 42000, Pakistan
| | - SHAISTA MAHNOOR
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, 42000, Pakistan
| | - MOSTAFA A. ABDEL-MAKSOUD
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - MOHAMMED AUFY
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1010, Austria
| | - HAMID YAZ
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - JIANYU ZHU
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Z, Zheng S, Fu C. Shotgun knockdown of RNA by CRISPR-Cas13d in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:297260. [PMID: 36825467 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas13d system has a single small effector protein that targets RNA and does not require the presence of a protospacer flanking site in the targeted transcript. These features make CRISPR-Cas13d an attractive system for RNA manipulation. Here, we report the successful implementation of the CRISPR-Cas13d system in fission yeast for RNA knockdown. A high effectiveness of the CRISPR-Cas13d system was ensured by using an array of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that are flanked by two self-cleaving ribozymes and are expressed from an RNA polymerase II promoter. Given the repressible nature of the promoter, RNA knockdown by the CRISPR-Cas13d system is reversible. Moreover, using the CRISPR-Cas13d system, we identified an effective crRNA array targeting the transcript of gfp and the effectiveness was demonstrated by successful knockdown of the transcripts of noc4-gfp, bub1-gfp and ade6-gfp. In principle, the effective GFP crRNA array allows knockdown of any transcript carrying the GFP sequences. This new CRISPR-Cas13d-based toolkit is expected to have a wide range of applications in many aspects of biology, including dissection of gene function and visualization of RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren K, Zhou M, Li L, Wang C, Yuan S, Li H. C118P exerted potent anti-tumor effects against melanoma with induction of G2/M arrest via inhibiting the expression of BUB1B. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 108:58-67. [PMID: 36424293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of melanoma rapidly increased in the past decades, and the clinical treatment of melanoma met huge challenges because of tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. C118P, a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor, exhibited strong anticancer effects in many tumors. However, there was no data regarding the potential effects of C118P in melanoma cells. OBJECTIVE To investigate of the efficacy and potential target of C118P in melanoma cells. METHODS Human melanoma cells were treated with C118P, followed by assessments of proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Subsequently, RNA sequencing was performed to further identify the drug targets of C118P in melanoma cells. GO analysis and protein-protein interaction networks analysis were used to screen the potential targets, and verified by a series of assays. Finally, the anti-growth activity of C118P was evaluated in A375-xenografted nude mice, and the expression of BUB1B (BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B), Ki67 and Tunel were determined. RESULTS We found that C118P concentration-dependently inhibited proliferation of melanoma cells. Moreover, C118P simultaneously triggered dramatic G2/M arrest and apoptosis via independent mechanisms in melanoma cells in vitro. C118P exerted anti-melanoma effects by inducing potent G2/M arrest, which was mechanistically related to downregulation of the expression of BUB1B. Importantly, C118P inhibited the tumor growth in A375-xenografted nude, and increased the staining of Ki-67 and Tunel and suppressed the expression of BUB1B in melanoma tissues, which was consistent with in vitro study. CONCLUSION C118P might provide a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of melanoma by inhibition of BUB1B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- Pharmacal Research Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Pharmacal Research Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Pharmacal Research Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast Universtiy, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongyang Li
- Pharmacal Research Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lopez KE, Bouchier-Hayes L. Lethal and Non-Lethal Functions of Caspases in the DNA Damage Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121887. [PMID: 35741016 PMCID: PMC9221191 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the caspase family are well known for their roles in the initiation and execution of cell death. Due to their function in the removal of damaged cells that could otherwise become malignant, caspases are important players in the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of pathways that prevent genomic instability. However, emerging evidence of caspases positively or negatively impacting the accumulation of DNA damage in the absence of cell death demonstrates that caspases play a role in the DDR that is independent of their role in apoptosis. This review highlights the apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in the DDR and how they can impact genomic stability and cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla E. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bolanos-Garcia VM. On the Regulation of Mitosis by the Kinetochore, a Macromolecular Complex and Organising Hub of Eukaryotic Organisms. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:235-267. [PMID: 36151378 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore is the multiprotein complex of eukaryotic organisms that is assembled on mitotic or meiotic centromeres to connect centromeric DNA with microtubules. Its function involves the coordinated action of more than 100 different proteins. The kinetochore acts as an organiser hub that establishes physical connections with microtubules and centromere-associated proteins and recruits central protein components of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), an evolutionarily conserved surveillance mechanism of eukaryotic organisms that detects unattached kinetochores and destabilises incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The molecular communication between the kinetochore and the SAC is highly dynamic and tightly regulated to ensure that cells can progress towards anaphase until each chromosome is properly bi-oriented on the mitotic spindle. This is achieved through an interplay of highly cooperative interactions and concerted phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that are organised in time and space.This contribution discusses our current understanding of the function, structure and regulation of the kinetochore, in particular, how its communication with the SAC results in the amplification of specific signals to exquisitely control the eukaryotic cell cycle. This contribution also addresses recent advances in machine learning approaches, cell imaging and proteomics techniques that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that ensure the high fidelity and timely segregation of the genetic material every time a cell divides as well as the current challenges in the study of this fascinating molecular machine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amalina I, Bennett A, Whalley H, Perera D, McGrail JC, Tighe A, Procter DJ, Taylor SS. Inhibitors of the Bub1 spindle assembly checkpoint kinase: synthesis of BAY-320 and comparison with 2OH-BNPP1. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210854. [PMID: 34925867 PMCID: PMC8672067 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bub1 is a serine/threonine kinase proposed to function centrally in mitotic chromosome alignment and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC); however, its role remains controversial. Although it is well documented that Bub1 phosphorylation of Histone 2A at T120 (H2ApT120) recruits Sgo1/2 to kinetochores, the requirement of its kinase activity for chromosome alignment and the SAC is debated. As small-molecule inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating kinase function, we evaluated two potential Bub1 inhibitors: 2OH-BNPPI and BAY-320. After confirming that both inhibit Bub1 in vitro, we developed a cell-based assay for Bub1 inhibition. We overexpressed a fusion of Histone 2B and Bub1 kinase region, tethering it in proximity to H2A to generate a strong ectopic H2ApT120 signal along chromosome arms. Ectopic signal was effectively inhibited by BAY-320, but not 2OH-BNPP1 at concentrations tested. In addition, only BAY-320 was able to inhibit endogenous Bub1-mediated Sgo1 localization. Preliminary experiments using BAY-320 suggest a minor role for Bub1 kinase activity in chromosome alignment and the SAC; however, BAY-320 may exhibit off-target effects at the concentration required. Thus, 2OH-BNPP1 may not be an effective Bub1 inhibitor in cellulo, and while BAY-320 can inhibit Bub1 in cells, off-target effects highlight the need for improved Bub1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Amalina
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ailsa Bennett
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Helen Whalley
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - David Perera
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Joanne C. McGrail
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stephen S. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang C, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu H. Identification of a Gene Signature Closely Related to Immunosuppressive Tumour Microenvironment Predicting Prognosis of Patients in EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732841. [PMID: 34631565 PMCID: PMC8498106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are generally unable to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) due to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and a lower tumour mutation burden. Currently, no gene signature can comprehensively evaluate the TME and predict the prognosis of patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas database of EGFR-mutant LUAD based on the immune score derived from the ESTIMATE algorithm, we divided 80 patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD samples into high and low immune score groups with different immune microenvironments. Subsequently, we screened 396 differentially expressed immune-related genes with prognostic value. The top Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched in biological functions related to T cell differentiation, immune response, cell cycle, and cell proliferation, which are closely related to the immune microenvironment of tumours. In addition, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly focused on cell cycle, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, which also had a relationship with the immune response. Subsequently, we identified a three-gene signature including BTLA, BUB1B, and CENPE using the LASSO Cox regression model. The three-gene signature could accurately identify patients at risk of EGFR-mutant LUAD in the training and validation sets and high-risk patients from both the sets exhibited significantly shorter overall survival (p=0.0053 and p=0.035, respectively). CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the abundance of immune cell infiltration in the EGFR-mutant LUAD microenvironment. The immune activity of B cells and macrophages was higher in the low-risk group, while the immune activity of natural killer cells and T cells was higher in the high-risk group. Thus, the three-gene signature closely related to immunosuppressive TME could predict the risk and prognosis in patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huaimin Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Q, Zhang M, Pan X, Yuan X, Zhou L, Yan L, Zeng LH, Xu J, Yang B, Zhang L, Huang J, Lu W, Fukagawa T, Wang F, Yan H. Bub1 and CENP-U redundantly recruit Plk1 to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments and ensure accurate chromosome segregation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109740. [PMID: 34551298 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bub1 is required for the kinetochore/centromere localization of two essential mitotic kinases Plk1 and Aurora B. Surprisingly, stable depletion of Bub1 by ∼95% in human cells marginally affects whole chromosome segregation fidelity. We show that CENP-U, which is recruited to kinetochores by the CENP-P and CENP-Q subunits of the CENP-O complex, is required to prevent chromosome mis-segregation in Bub1-depleted cells. Mechanistically, Bub1 and CENP-U redundantly recruit Plk1 to kinetochores to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments, thereby ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Furthermore, unlike its budding yeast homolog, the CENP-O complex does not regulate centromeric localization of Aurora B. Consistently, depletion of Bub1 or CENP-U sensitizes cells to the inhibition of Plk1 but not Aurora B kinase activity. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of kinetochore function, which may have implications for targeted treatment of cancer cells with mutations perturbing kinetochore recruitment of Plk1 by Bub1 or the CENP-O complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinfu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueying Yuan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linli Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bing Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fangwei Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology of Zhejiang Province, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haiyan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The Knl1-Mis12-Ndc80 (KMN) network is an essential component of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment interface, which is required for genomic stability in eukaryotes. However, little is known about plant Knl1 proteins because of their complex evolutionary history. Here, we cloned the Knl1 homolog from maize (Zea mays) and confirmed it as a constitutive central kinetochore component. Functional assays demonstrated their conserved role in chromosomal congression and segregation during nuclear division, thus causing defective cell division during kernel development when Knl1 transcript was depleted. A 145 aa region in the middle of maize Knl1, that did not involve the MELT repeats, was associated with the interaction of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components Bub1/Mad3 family proteins 1 and 2 (Bmf1/2) but not with the Bmf3 protein. They may form a helical conformation with a hydrophobic interface with the TPR domain of Bmf1/2, which is similar to that of vertebrates. However, this region detected in monocots shows extensive divergence in eudicots, suggesting that distinct modes of the SAC to kinetochore connection are present within plant lineages. These findings elucidate the conserved role of the KMN network in cell division and a striking dynamic of evolutionary patterns in the SAC signaling and kinetochore network.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pontremoli C, Forni D, Pozzoli U, Clerici M, Cagliani R, Sironi M. Kinetochore proteins and microtubule-destabilizing factors are fast evolving in eutherian mammals. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1505-1515. [PMID: 33476453 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centromeres have central functions in chromosome segregation, but centromeric DNA and centromere-binding proteins evolve rapidly in most eukaryotes. The selective pressure(s) underlying the fast evolution of centromere-binding proteins are presently unknown. An attractive possibility is that selfish centromeres promote their preferential inclusion in the oocyte and centromeric proteins evolve to suppress meiotic drive (centromere drive hypothesis). We analysed the selective patterns of mammalian genes that encode kinetochore proteins and microtubule (MT)-destabilizing factors. We show that several of these proteins evolve at the same rate or faster than proteins with a role in centromere specification. Elements of the kinetochore that bind MTs or that bridge the interaction between MTs and the centromere represented the major targets of positive selection. These data are in line with the possibility that the genetic conflict fuelled by meiotic drive extends beyond genes involved in centromere specification. However, we cannot exclude that different selective pressures underlie the rapid evolution of MT-destabilizing factors and kinetochore components. Whatever the nature of such pressures, they must have been constant during the evolution of eutherian mammals, as we found a surprisingly good correlation in dN/dS (ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions) across orders/clades. Finally, when phylogenetic relationships were accounted for, we found little evidence that the evolutionary rates of these genes change with testes size, a proxy for sperm competition. Our data indicate that, in analogy to centromeric proteins, kinetochore components are fast evolving in mammals. This observation may imply that centromere drive plays out at multiple levels or that these proteins adapt to lineage-specific centromeric features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiao CY, Feng QC, Li CX, Wang D, Han S, Zhang YD, Jiang WJ, Chang J, Wang X, Li XC. BUB1B promotes extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via JNK/c-Jun pathways. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:63. [PMID: 33431813 PMCID: PMC7801618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the controversy regarding the expression profile and function of BUB1B in different malignancies still exist. In this project, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of BUB1B in the progression of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). The expression levels of BUB1B in human ECC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR. The role and mechanism of BUB1B in CCA cell proliferation and invasion were investigated in both in vitro and in vivo functional studies. To indicate the clinical significance, a tissue microarray was performed on 113 ECC patients, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The expression of BUB1B was increased in both human CCA tissues and CCA cells. Results from loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments suggested that the inhibition of BUB1B decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of CCA cells in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of BUB1B achieved the opposite effect. Furthermore, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-c-Jun (JNK)-c-Jun pathway was regulated by BUB1B. BUB1B regulated the proliferation and invasiveness of CAA cells in a JNK-c-Jun-dependent manner. Clinically, ECC patients with BUB1B high expression had worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those with BUB1B low expression. Multivariate analysis identified that BUB1B was an independent predictor for postoperative recurrence and overall survival of ECC patients. In conclusion, BUB1B promoted ECC progression via JNK/c-Jun pathways. These findings suggested that BUB1B could be a potential therapeutic target and a biomarker for predicting prognosis for ECC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of surgery, JiangYuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yao Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spindle assembly checkpoint gene BUB1B is essential in breast cancer cell survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:331-341. [PMID: 33130993 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the role of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) in cancer cells with compromised genomic integrity. Chromosomal instability (CIN) gives cancer cells an adaptive advantage. However, maintaining the balance of this instability is crucial for the survival of cancer cells as it could lead them to the mitotic catastrophe. Therefore, cancer cells adapt to the detrimental effects of CIN. We hypothesized that changes in SAC might be one such adaptation mechanism. The focus of the study was BUB1B, an integral part of the checkpoint. METHODS Clinical datasets were analyzed to compare expression levels of SAC genes in normal tissue vs. breast carcinoma. The effects of the reduction of BUB1B expression was examined utilizing RNA interference method with siRNAs. In vitro viability, clonogenicity, apoptosis, and SAC activity levels of a variety of breast cancer (BrCa) cell lines, as well as in vivo tumorigenicity of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-468, were tested. Additionally, the chromosomal stability of these cells was tested by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS In clinical breast cancer datasets, SAC genes were elevated in BrCa with BUB1B having the highest fold change. BUB1B overexpression was associated with a decreased probability of overall survival. The knockdown of BUB1B resulted in reduced viability and clonogenicity in BrCa cell lines and a significant increase in apoptosis and cell death. However, the viability and apoptosis levels of the normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF12A, were not affected. BUB1B knockdown also impaired chromosome alignment and resulted in acute chromosomal abnormalities. We also showed that BUB1B knockdown on the MDA-MB-468 cell line decreases tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSIONS A functional spindle assembly checkpoint is essential for the survival of BrCa cells. BUB1B is a critical factor in SAC, and therefore breast cancer cell survival. Impairment of BUB1B has damaging effects on cancer cell viability and tumorigenicity, especially on the more aggressive variants of BrCa.
Collapse
|
17
|
Khot M, Sreekumar D, Jahagirdar S, Kulkarni A, Hari K, Faseela EE, Sabarinathan R, Jolly MK, Sengupta K. Twist1 induces chromosomal instability (CIN) in colorectal cancer cells. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1673-1688. [PMID: 32337580 PMCID: PMC7322571 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, essential during early development in mammals. While Twist1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), here we show that Twist1 overexpression enhances nuclear and mitotic aberrations. This is accompanied by an increase in whole chromosomal copy number gains and losses, underscoring the role of Twist1 in inducing chromosomal instability (CIN) in colorectal cancer cells. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) analysis further shows sub-chromosomal deletions, consistent with an increased frequency of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Remarkably, Twist1 overexpression downmodulates key cell cycle checkpoint factors-Bub1, BubR1, Mad1 and Mad2-that regulate CIN. Mathematical simulations using the RACIPE tool show a negative correlation of Twist1 with E-cadherin and BubR1. Data analyses of gene expression profiles of patient samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveal a positive correlation between Twist1 and mesenchymal genes across cancers, whereas the correlation of TWIST1 with CIN and DSB genes is cancer subtype-specific. Taken together, these studies highlight the mechanistic involvement of Twist1 in the deregulation of factors that maintain genome stability during EMT in colorectal cancer cells. Twist1 overexpression enhances genome instability in the context of EMT that further contributes to cellular heterogeneity. In addition, these studies imply that Twist1 downmodulates nuclear lamins that further alter spatiotemporal organization of the cancer genome and epigenome. Notwithstanding their genetic background, colorectal cancer cells nevertheless maintain their overall ploidy, while the downstream effects of Twist1 enhance CIN and DNA damage enriching for sub-populations of aggressive cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maithilee Khot
- B-216, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dyuthi Sreekumar
- B-216, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sanika Jahagirdar
- B-216, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Apoorva Kulkarni
- B-216, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Kishore Hari
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | | | - Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- B-216, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: B-216, Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. Tel: +91 20 25908071; Fax: +91-20-20251566;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang R, Jiang Z, Chen F, Yu W, Fan K, Tan J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Li P, Yuan K. The Kinase Activity of Drosophila BubR1 Is Required for Insulin Signaling-Dependent Stem Cell Maintenance. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107794. [PMID: 32579921 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a core component of the mitotic checkpoint complex, BubR1 has a modular organization of molecular functions, with KEN box and other motifs at the N terminus inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, and a kinase domain at the C terminus, whose function remains unsettled, especially at organismal levels. We generate knock-in BubR1 mutations in the Drosophila genome to separately disrupt the KEN box and the kinase domain. All of the mutants are homozygously viable and fertile and show no defects in mitotic progression. The mutants without kinase activity have an increased lifespan and phenotypic changes associated with attenuated insulin signaling, including reduced InR on the cell membrane, weakened PI3K and AKT activity, and elevated expression of dFoxO targets. The BubR1 kinase-dead mutants have a reduced cap cell number in female germaria, which can be rescued by expressing a constitutively active InR. We conclude that one major physiological role of BubR1 kinase in Drosophila is to modulate insulin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenghui Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weiyu Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kaijing Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Pishun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Center for Clinical Biorepositories and Biospecimens, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martin JH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG, Nixon B. DNA damage and repair in the female germline: contributions to ART. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:180-201. [PMID: 30541031 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA integrity and stability are critical determinants of cell viability. This is especially true in the female germline, wherein DNA integrity underpins successful conception, embryonic development, pregnancy and the production of healthy offspring. However, DNA is not inert; rather, it is subject to assault from various environment factors resulting in chemical modification and/or strand breakage. If structural alterations result and are left unrepaired, they have the potential to cause mutations and propagate disease. In this regard, reduced genetic integrity of the female germline ranks among the leading causes of subfertility in humans. With an estimated 10% of couples in developed countries taking recourse to ART to achieve pregnancy, the need for ongoing research into the capacity of the oocyte to detect DNA damage and thereafter initiate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or DNA repair is increasingly more pressing. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review documents our current knowledge of the quality control mechanisms utilised by the female germline to prevent and remediate DNA damage during their development from primordial follicles through to the formation of preimplantation embryos. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was searched using the keywords: primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, germinal vesical, MI, MII oocyte, zygote, preimplantation embryo, DNA repair, double-strand break and DNA damage. These keywords were combined with other phrases relevant to the topic. Literature was restricted to peer-reviewed original articles in the English language (published 1979-2018) and references within these articles were also searched. OUTCOMES In this review, we explore the quality control mechanisms utilised by the female germline to prevent, detect and remediate DNA damage. We follow the trajectory of development from the primordial follicle stage through to the preimplantation embryo, highlighting findings likely to have important implications for fertility management, age-related subfertility and premature ovarian failure. In addition, we survey the latest discoveries regarding DNA repair within the metaphase II (MII) oocyte and implicate maternal stores of endogenous DNA repair proteins and mRNA transcripts as a primary means by which they defend their genomic integrity. The collective evidence reviewed herein demonstrates that the MII oocyte can engage in the activation of major DNA damage repair pathway(s), therefore encouraging a reappraisal of the long-held paradigm that oocytes are largely refractory to DNA repair upon reaching this late stage of their development. It is also demonstrated that the zygote can exploit a number of protective strategies to mitigate the risk and/or effect the repair, of DNA damage sustained to either parental germline; affirming that DNA protection is largely a maternally driven trait but that some aspects of repair may rely on a collaborative effort between the male and female germlines. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The present review highlights the vulnerability of the oocyte to DNA damage and presents a number of opportunities for research to bolster the stringency of the oocyte's endogenous defences, with implications extending to improved diagnostics and novel therapeutic applications to alleviate the burden of infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta H Martin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole-1 Insufficiency Prevents Acute Renal Failure in Severe Sepsis by Maintaining Anticoagulant Functions of Vascular Endothelial Cells. Shock 2020; 51:364-371. [PMID: 29608549 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis is critical to health and can result in acute renal failure (ARF). Tissue factor (TF) and thrombomodulin (TM) play key roles in vascular endothelial functions by helping maintain microcirculation in the kidney. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-1 (Bub1) plays a role in Akt and JNK signaling, which control TF and TM, respectively. We hypothesized that Bub1 could control vascular endothelial function in sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Bub1 in septic ARF. We used Mouse cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) using low Bub1 expressing (Bub1) and wild-type (Bub1) mice in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) in vitro. Bub1 mice had a higher survival rate after CLP than Bub1. Bub1 mice had more severe ARF after CLP than Bub1 with blood biochemical and pathological analyses. TF expression in Bub1 mice and control HAEC (control) significantly increased in the septic model compared with Bub1 and Bub1 silenced HAEC (siBub1). TM expression in the control significantly decreased after LPS stimulation compared with siBub1. Akt and JNK phosphorylation of siBub1 were attenuated after LPS stimulation. Associations of Bub1 with Akt or JNK after LPS stimulation of HAEC were detected using immunoprecipitation, suggesting that Bub1 is involved in the phosphorylation of Akt and JNK after LPS stimulation. Bub1 insufficiency attenuates TF expression and reduces TM suppression by blocking Akt and JNK phosphorylation, respectively, thus leading to the prevention of ARF and death caused by sepsis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sosunov A, Wu X, McGovern R, Mikell C, McKhann GM, Goldman JE. Abnormal mitosis in reactive astrocytes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:47. [PMID: 32293551 PMCID: PMC7158149 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abnormal mitosis with disarranged metaphase chromosomes or many micronuclei in astrocytes (named "Alzheimer I type astrocytes" and later "Creutzfeldt-Peters cells") have been known for nearly 100 years, the origin and mechanisms of this pathology remain elusive. In experimental brain insults in rats, we show that abnormal mitoses that are not followed by cytokinesis are typical for reactive astrocytes. The pathology originates due to the inability of the cells to form normal mitotic spindles with subsequent metaphase chromosome congression, which, in turn may be due to shape constraints aggravated by cellular enlargement and to the accumulation of large amounts of cytosolic proteins. Many astrocytes escape from arrested mitosis by producing micronuclei. These polyploid astrocytes can survive for long periods of time and enter into new cell cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sosunov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St, P&S 15-405, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St, P&S 15-405, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Robert McGovern
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Charles Mikell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Guy M. McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St, P&S 15-405, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - James E. Goldman
- Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Curtis NL, Ruda GF, Brennan P, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Deregulation of Chromosome Segregation and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an intricate cell signaling system that ensures the high fidelity and timely segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Mistakes in this process can lead to the loss, gain, or rearrangement of the genetic material. Gross chromosomal aberrations are usually lethal but can cause birth and development defects as well as cancer. Despite advances in the identification of SAC protein components, important details of the interactions underpinning chromosome segregation regulation remain to be established. This review discusses the current understanding of the function, structure, mode of regulation, and dynamics of the assembly and disassembly of SAC subcomplexes, which ultimately safeguard the accurate transmission of a stable genome to descendants. We also discuss how diverse oncoviruses take control of human cell division by exploiting the SAC and the potential of this signaling circuitry as a pool of drug targets to develop effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Curtis
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Gian Filippo Ruda
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vossen ML, Alhosawi HM, Aney KJ, Burrack LS. CaMad2 Promotes Multiple Aspects of Genome Stability Beyond Its Direct Function in Chromosome Segregation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121013. [PMID: 31817479 PMCID: PMC6947305 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mad2 is a central component of the spindle assembly checkpoint required for accurate chromosome segregation. Additionally, in some organisms, Mad2 has roles in preventing mutations and recombination through the DNA damage response. In the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, CaMad2 has previously been shown to be required for accurate chromosome segregation, survival in high levels of hydrogen peroxide, and virulence in a mouse model of infection. In this work, we showed that CaMad2 promotes genome stability through its well-characterized role in promoting accurate chromosome segregation and through reducing smaller scale chromosome changes due to recombination and DNA damage repair. Deletion of MAD2 decreased cell growth, increased marker loss rates, increased sensitivity to microtubule-destabilizing drugs, and increased sensitivity to DNA damage inducing treatments. CaMad2-GFP localized to dots, consistent with a role in kinetochore binding, and to the nuclear periphery, consistent with an additional role in DNA damage. Furthermore, deletion of MAD2 increases growth on fluconazole, and fluconazole treatment elevates whole chromosome loss rates in the mad2∆/∆ strain, suggesting that CaMad2 may be important for preventing fluconazole resistance via aneuploidy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang YB, Jiang Y, Wang J, Ma J, Han S. Evaluation of core serous epithelial ovarian cancer genes as potential prognostic markers and indicators of the underlying molecular mechanisms using an integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5508-5522. [PMID: 31612059 PMCID: PMC6781641 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of mortality in women. However, the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of the disease are yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify core genes involved in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. A total of three expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and included 46 serous epithelial ovarian cancer and 30 ovarian surface epithelium samples. The three datasets were merged, and batch normalization was performed. The normalized merged data were subsequently analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In total, 2,212 DEGs were identified, including 1,300 upregulated and 912 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily involved in ‘regulation of cell cycle’, ‘mitosis’, ‘DNA packaging’ and ‘nucleosome assembly’. The main cellular components included ‘extracellular region part’, ‘chromosome’, ‘extracellular matrix’ and ‘condensed chromosome kinetochore’, whereas the molecular functions included ‘Calcium ion binding’, ‘polysaccharide binding’, ‘enzyme inhibitor activity’, ‘growth factor activity’, ‘cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulator activity’, ‘microtubule motor activity’ and ‘Wnt receptor activity’. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were predominantly involved in ‘Wnt signaling pathway’, ‘pathways in cancer’, ‘PI3K-Akt signaling pathway’, ‘cell cycle’, ‘ECM-receptor interaction’, ‘p53 signaling pathway’ and ‘focal adhesion’. The 20 most significant DEGs were identified from the protein-protein interaction network, and Oncomine analysis of these core genes revealed that 13 were upregulated and two were downregulated in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Survival analysis revealed that cyclin B1, polo like kinase 1, G protein subunit γ transducin 1 and G protein subunit γ 12 are key molecules that may be involved in the prognosis of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. These core genes may provide novel treatment targets, although their roles in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of serous epithelial ovarian cancer require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Mistakes in the process of cell division can lead to the loss, gain or rearrangement of chromosomes. Significant chromosomal abnormalities are usually lethal to the cells and cause spontaneous miscarriages. However, in some cases, defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint lead to severe diseases, such as cancer and birth and development defects, including Down's syndrome. The timely and accurate control of chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), an evolutionary conserved, self-regulated signalling system present in higher organisms. The spindle assembly checkpoint is orchestrated by dynamic interactions between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore , a multiprotein complex that constitutes the site for attachment of chromosomes to microtubule polymers to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division. This chapter discusses the current molecular understanding of the essential, highly dynamic molecular interactions underpinning spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and how the complex choreography of interactions can be coordinated in time and space to finely regulate the process. The potential of targeting this signalling pathway to interfere with the abnormal segregation of chromosomes, which occurs in diverse malignancies and the new opportunities that recent technological developments are opening up for a deeper understanding of the spindle assembly checkpoint are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
BUB1 Is Essential for the Viability of Human Cells in which the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Is Compromised. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1424-1438. [PMID: 29425499 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures faithful segregation of chromosomes. Although most mammalian cell types depend on the SAC for viability, we found that human HAP1 cells can grow SAC independently. We generated MAD1- and MAD2-deficient cells and mutagenized them to identify synthetic lethal interactions, revealing that chromosome congression factors become essential upon SAC deficiency. Besides expected hits, we also found that BUB1 becomes essential in SAC-deficient cells. We found that the BUB1 C terminus regulates alignment as well as recruitment of CENPF. Second, we found that BUBR1 was not essential in SAC-deficient HAP1 cells. We confirmed that BUBR1 does not regulate chromosome alignment in HAP1 cells and that BUB1 does not regulate chromosome alignment through BUBR1. Taken together, our data resolve some long-standing questions about the interplay between BUB1 and BUBR1 and their respective roles in the SAC and chromosome alignment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Recent Progress on the Localization of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Machinery to Kinetochores. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030278. [PMID: 30909555 PMCID: PMC6468716 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis is crucial for maintaining genome stability. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate mitotic progression. Defective SAC signaling leads to premature sister chromatid separation and aneuploid daughter cells. Mechanistically, the SAC couples the kinetochore microtubule attachment status to the cell cycle progression machinery. In the presence of abnormal kinetochore microtubule attachments, the SAC prevents the metaphase-to-anaphase transition through a complex kinase-phosphatase signaling cascade which results in the correct balance of SAC components recruited to the kinetochore. The correct kinetochore localization of SAC proteins is a prerequisite for robust SAC signaling and, hence, accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we review recent progresses on the kinetochore recruitment of core SAC factors.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kobayashi Y, Kawashima SA. Bub1 kinase- and H2A phosphorylation-independent regulation of Shugoshin proteins under glucose-restricted conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2826. [PMID: 30809004 PMCID: PMC6391426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shugoshin family proteins are involved in various aspects of chromatin regulations, such as chromosome segregation, chromatin structure, and gene expression. In growing yeast and mammalian cells, C-terminal phosphorylation of histone H2A by Bub1 kinase is essential for the localization of Shugoshin proteins to chromatin. Here, we show that in stationary-phase cells, Bub1-mediated H2A phosphorylation is not necessary for chromatin localization of the Shugoshin paralog Sgo2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, or for Sgo2-dependent suppression of gene expression in subtelomeric regions. The conserved C-terminal basic domain of Sgo2, which directly binds with phosphorylated H2A, is also dispensable for the localization of Sgo2 to chromatin at stationary phase. Instead, we found that the conserved N-terminal coiled-coil domain and the uncharacterized medial region of Sgo2 are required for Bub1-independent localization of Sgo2. Moreover, Set2-mediated H3K36 methylation was important for the regulation. Intriguingly, the chromatin localization of Sgo2 in the absence of Bub1 was also observed when cells were grown in low-glucose medium. These findings suggest a novel mechanism between nutrient availability and regulation of chromatin by Shugoshin proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shimonosono M, Idichi T, Seki N, Yamada Y, Arai T, Arigami T, Sasaki K, Omoto I, Uchikado Y, Kita Y, Kurahara H, Maemura K, Natsugoe S. Molecular pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Identification of the antitumor effects of miR‑145‑3p on gene regulation. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:673-688. [PMID: 30535463 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although miR‑145‑5p (the guide strand of the miR‑145 duplex) is established as a tumor suppressive microRNA (miRNA or miR), the functional significance of miR‑145‑3p (the passenger strand of the miR‑145 duplex) in cancer cells and its targets remains obscure. In our continuing analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) pathogenesis, the aim of the present study was to identify important oncogenes and proteins that are controlled by miR‑145‑3p. Overexpression of miR‑145‑3p significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasive abilities, and further increased apoptotic abilities. In ESCC cells, 30 possible oncogenic targets were identified that might be regulated by miR‑145‑3p. Among these targets, dehydrogenase/reductase member 2 (DHRS2) and myosin IB (MYO1B) were focused on to investigate their functional roles in ESCC cells. DHRS2 and MYO1B were directly regulated by miR‑145‑3p in ESCC cells by dual luciferase reporter assays. Aberrantly expressed DHRS2 and MYOIB were detected in ESCC clinical specimens, and their overexpression enhanced cancer cell aggressiveness. Genes regulated by antitumor miR‑145‑3p were closely associated with the molecular pathogenesis of ESCC. The approach based on antitumor miRNAs may contribute to the understanding of ESCC molecular pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shimonosono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Idichi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Itaru Omoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Yasuto Uchikado
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurahara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Kosei Maemura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Up to Date on Astrocytes. Int Neurourol J 2018; 22:S104-105. [PMID: 30396258 PMCID: PMC6234723 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1820edi.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
31
|
CHMP4C: A novel regulator of the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Mol Cell Oncol 2018; 5:e1445944. [PMID: 30250900 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2018.1445944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle checkpoint delays anaphase onset until all chromosomes have achieved stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Here, we discuss recent findings showing that CHMP4C, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, protects human cells against chromosome missegregation by promoting localisation of the ROD-ZW10-ZWILCH (RZZ) spindle checkpoint complex to unattached kinetochores.
Collapse
|
32
|
Oliferenko S. Understanding eukaryotic chromosome segregation from a comparative biology perspective. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/14/jcs203653. [PMID: 30030298 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-appreciated variation in fundamental cell biological processes between different species is becoming increasingly tractable due to recent breakthroughs in whole-genome analyses and genome editing techniques. However, the bulk of our mechanistic understanding in cell biology continues to come from just a few well-established models. In this Review, I use the highly diverse strategies of chromosome segregation in eukaryotes as an instrument for a more general discussion on phenotypic variation, possible rules underlying its emergence and its utility in understanding conserved functional relationships underlying this process. Such a comparative approach, supported by modern molecular biology tools, might provide a wider, holistic view of biology that is difficult to achieve when concentrating on a single experimental system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snezhana Oliferenko
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK .,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Welburn JPI, Jeyaprakash AA. Mechanisms of Mitotic Kinase Regulation: A Structural Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:6. [PMID: 29459892 PMCID: PMC5807344 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are major regulators of mitosis, with over 30% of the mitotic proteome phosphorylated on serines, threonines and tyrosines. The human genome encodes for 518 kinases that have a structurally conserved catalytic domain and includes about a dozen of cell division specific ones. Yet each kinase has unique structural features that allow their distinct substrate recognition and modes of regulation. These unique regulatory features determine their accurate spatio-temporal activation critical for correct progression through mitosis and are exploited for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we will discuss the principles of mitotic kinase activation and the structural determinants that underlie functional specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie P I Welburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dai XX, Xiong H, Zhang M, Sun S, Xiong B. Zfp207 is a Bub3 binding protein regulating meiotic chromosome alignment in mouse oocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30155-65. [PMID: 27177335 PMCID: PMC5058671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are a massive, diverse family of proteins that serve a wide variety of biological functions. However, the roles of them during meiosis are not yet clearly defined. Here, we report that Zfp207 localizes at the kinetochores during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Depletion of Zfp207 leads to a significantly higher proportion of impaired spindle organization and misaligned chromosomes in oocytes. This is coupled with the defective kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and resultantly increasing incidence of aneuploid metaphase II eggs. The precocious polar body extrusion and escape of metaphase I arrest induced by nocodazole treatment in Zfp207-depleted oocytes indicates that Zfp207 is essential for activation of SAC (Spindle Assembly Checkpoint) activity. Notably, we find that Zfp207 binds to Bub3 to form a complex and maintains its protein level in oocytes, and that overexpression of Bub3 is able to partially rescue the occurrence of aneuploid eggs in Zfp207-depleted oocytes. Collectively, we identify Zfp207 as a novel Bub3 binding protein in oocytes which plays an important role in controlling meiotic chromosome alignment and SAC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xin Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- The First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mianqun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaochen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Taming the Beast: Control of APC/C Cdc20-Dependent Destruction. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 82:111-121. [PMID: 29133301 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.033712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that triggers the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in the cell cycle by targeting the substrates cyclin B and securin for destruction. APC/C activity toward these two key substrates requires the coactivator Cdc20. To ensure that cells enter mitosis and partition their duplicated genome with high accuracy, APC/CCdc20 activity must be tightly controlled. Here, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate APC/CCdc20 activity both before and during mitosis. We focus our discussion primarily on the chromosomal pathways that both accelerate and delay APC/C activation by targeting Cdc20 to opposing fates. The findings discussed provide an overview of how cells control the activation of this major cell cycle regulator to ensure both accurate and timely cell division.
Collapse
|
36
|
Haase J, Bonner MK, Halas H, Kelly AE. Distinct Roles of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex in the Detection of and Response to Errors in Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachment. Dev Cell 2017; 42:640-654.e5. [PMID: 28950102 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) localizes to centromeres in early mitosis to activate its subunit Aurora B kinase. However, it is unclear whether centromeric CPC localization contributes to CPC functions beyond Aurora B activation. Here, we show that an activated CPC that cannot localize to centromeres supports functional assembly of the outer kinetochore but is unable to correct errors in kinetochore-microtubule attachment in Xenopus egg extracts. We find that CPC has two distinct roles at centromeres: one to selectively phosphorylate Ndc80 to regulate attachment and a second, conserved kinase-independent role in the proper composition of inner kinetochore proteins. Although a fully assembled inner kinetochore is not required for outer kinetochore assembly, we find it is essential to recruit tension indicators, such as BubR1 and 3F3/2, to erroneous attachments. We conclude centromeric CPC is necessary for tension-dependent removal of erroneous attachments and for the kinetochore composition required to detect tension loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Kate Bonner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyunmi Halas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander E Kelly
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Combes G, Alharbi I, Braga LG, Elowe S. Playing polo during mitosis: PLK1 takes the lead. Oncogene 2017; 36:4819-4827. [PMID: 28436952 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), the prototypical member of the polo-like family of serine/threonine kinases, is a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes. Many layers of regulation have evolved to target PLK1 to different subcellular structures and to its various mitotic substrates in line with its numerous functions during mitosis. Collective work is starting to illuminate an important set of substrates for PLK1: the mitotic kinases that together ensure the fidelity of the cell division process. Amongst these, recent developments argue that PLK1 regulates the activity of the histone kinases Aurora B and Haspin to define centromere identity, of MPS1 to initiate spindle checkpoint signaling, and of BUB1 and its pseudokinase paralog BUBR1 to coordinate spindle checkpoint activation and inactivation. Here, we review the recent work describing the regulation of these kinases by PLK1. We highlight common themes throughout and argue that a major mitotic function of PLK1 is as a master regulator of these key kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Combes
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - I Alharbi
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - L G Braga
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Elowe
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Goto Y, Kurozumi A, Arai T, Nohata N, Kojima S, Okato A, Kato M, Yamazaki K, Ishida Y, Naya Y, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Impact of novel miR-145-3p regulatory networks on survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:409-420. [PMID: 28641312 PMCID: PMC5537499 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advancements, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is not considered curative. Novel approaches for identification of therapeutic targets of CRPC are needed. METHODS Next-generation sequencing revealed 945-1248 miRNAs from each lethal mCRPC sample. We constructed miRNA expression signatures of CRPC by comparing the expression of miRNAs between CRPC and normal prostate tissue or hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Genome-wide gene expression studies and in silico analyses were carried out to predict miRNA regulation and investigate the functional significance and clinical utility of the novel oncogenic pathways regulated by these miRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa). RESULTS Based on the novel miRNA expression signature of CRPC, miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p were downregulated in CRPC. By focusing on miR-145-3p, which is a passenger strand and has not been well studied in previous reports, we showed that miR-145-3p targeted 4 key molecules, i.e., MELK, NCAPG, BUB1, and CDK1, in CPRC. These 4 genes significantly predicted survival in patients with PCa. CONCLUSIONS Small RNA sequencing for lethal CRPC and in silico analyses provided novel therapeutic targets for CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Kurozumi
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nijiro Nohata
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishida
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Su H, Liu Y, Dong Q, Feng C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Birchler JA, Han F. Dynamic location changes of Bub1-phosphorylated-H2AThr133 with CENH3 nucleosome in maize centromeric regions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:682-694. [PMID: 28079247 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genomic stability of all organisms requires precise cell division with proper chromosome orientation. The Bub1-H2Aph-Sgo1 pathway and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components have been identified in yeast and mammals that are important for sister centromere orientation and chromosome segregation. However, their roles in plants are not clear. Maize meiotic mutants and minichromosomes were used to study the role of H2AThr133 phosphorylation and SAC components in sister centromere orientation and chromosome segregation. Unlike previously reported, SAC protein Bub1-Sgo1 recruitment was independent of Rec8 in maize and did not play a role in centromere protection in meiosis I. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis with immnolocalization results indicate most CENH3 nucleosomes contain phosphorylated H2AThr133 in centromeric regions. H2AThr133ph spreads to encompass centromeric regions including the inner centromeric and pericentromeric regions during (pro)metaphase. The presence and localization of SAC components and H2AThr133ph on maize lines containing sister chromatids separate precociously in anaphase I revealed no direct role of these proteins on centromere orientation in meiosis I . This work sheds light on the relationship between H2AThr133ph and CENH3 nucleosome in plants, and the phosphorylation with dynamic location changes in centomeric regions suggests temporal and spatial regulation roles for H2A phosphorylation in chromosome segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianhua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - James A Birchler
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211-7400, USA
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Loss of Centromere Cohesion in Aneuploid Human Oocytes Correlates with Decreased Kinetochore Localization of the Sac Proteins Bub1 and Bubr1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44001. [PMID: 28287092 PMCID: PMC5347135 DOI: 10.1038/srep44001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human eggs, aneuploidy increases with age and can result in infertility and genetic diseases. Studies in mouse oocytes suggest that reduced centromere cohesion and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity could be at the origin of chromosome missegregation. Little is known about these two features in humans. Here, we show that in human eggs, inter-kinetochore distances of bivalent chromosomes strongly increase with age. This results in the formation of univalent chromosomes during metaphase I (MI) and of single chromatids in metaphase II (MII). We also investigated SAC activity by checking the localization of BUB1 and BUBR1. We found that they localize at the kinetochore with a similar temporal timing than in mitotic cells and in a MPS1-dependent manner, suggesting that the SAC signalling pathway is active in human oocytes. Moreover, our data also suggest that this checkpoint is inactivated when centromere cohesion is lost in MI and consequently cannot inhibit premature sister chromatid separation. Finally, we show that the kinetochore localization of BUB1 and BUBR1 decreases with the age of the oocyte donors. This could contribute to oocyte aneuploidy.
Collapse
|
41
|
BUB1 and SURVIVIN proteins are not degraded after a prolonged mitosis and accumulate in the nuclei of HCT116 cells. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16079. [PMID: 27818790 PMCID: PMC5081682 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle poisons activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and prevent mitotic exit until cells die or override the arrest. Several studies have focused on spindle poison-mediated cell death, but less is known about consequences in cells that survive a mitotic arrest. During mitosis, proteins such as CYCLIN B, SECURIN, BUB1 and SURVIVIN are degraded in order to allow mitotic exit, and these proteins are maintained at low levels in the next interphase. In contrast, exit from a prolonged mitosis depends only on degradation of CYCLIN B; it is not known whether the levels of other proteins decrease or remain high. Here, we analyzed the levels and localization of the BUB1 and SURVIVIN proteins in cells that escaped from a paclitaxel-mediated prolonged mitosis. We compared cells with a short arrest (HCT116 cells) with cells that spent more time in mitosis (HT29 cells) after paclitaxel treatment. BUB1 and SURVIVIN were not degraded and remained localized to the nuclei of HCT116 cells after a mitotic arrest. Moreover, BUB1 nuclear foci were observed; BUB1 did not colocalize with centromere proteins. In HT29 cells, the levels of BUB1 and SURVIVIN decreased during the arrest, and these proteins were not present in cells that reached the next interphase. Using time-lapse imaging, we observed morphological heterogeneity in HCT116 cells that escaped from the arrest; this heterogeneity was due to the cytokinesis-like mechanism by which the cells exited mitosis. Thus, our results show that high levels of BUB1 and SURVIVIN can be maintained after a mitotic arrest, which may promote resistance to cell death.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint is a specialized signal transduction pathway that contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The signaling of the checkpoint originates from defective kinetochore-microtubule interactions and leads to formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), a highly potent inhibitor of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C)—the E3 ubiquitin ligase essential for anaphase onset. Many important questions concerning the MCC and its interaction with APC/C have been intensively investigated and debated in the past 15 years, such as the exact composition of the MCC, how it is assembled during a cell cycle, how it inhibits APC/C, and how the MCC is disassembled to allow APC/C activation. These efforts have culminated in recently reported structure models for human MCC:APC/C supra-complexes at near-atomic resolution that shed light on multiple aspects of the mitotic checkpoint mechanisms. However, confusing statements regarding the MCC are still scattered in the literature, making it difficult for students and scientists alike to obtain a clear picture of MCC composition, structure, function and dynamics. This review will comb through some of the most popular concepts or misconceptions about the MCC, discuss our current understandings, present a synthesized model on regulation of CDC20 ubiquitination, and suggest a few future endeavors and cautions for next phase of MCC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Manic G, Corradi F, Sistigu A, Siteni S, Vitale I. Molecular Regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by Kinases and Phosphatases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:105-161. [PMID: 28069132 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism contributing to the preservation of genomic stability by monitoring the microtubule attachment to, and/or the tension status of, each kinetochore during mitosis. The SAC halts metaphase to anaphase transition in the presence of unattached and/or untensed kinetochore(s) by releasing the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) from these improperly-oriented kinetochores to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The reversible phosphorylation of a variety of substrates at the kinetochore by antagonistic kinases and phosphatases is one major signaling mechanism for promptly turning on or turning off the SAC. In such a complex network, some kinases act at the apex of the SAC cascade by either generating (monopolar spindle 1, MPS1/TTK and likely polo-like kinase 1, PLK1), or contributing to generate (Aurora kinase B) kinetochore phospho-docking sites for the hierarchical recruitment of the SAC proteins. Aurora kinase B, MPS1 and budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) also promote sister chromatid biorientation by modulating kinetochore microtubule stability. Moreover, MPS1, BUB1, and PLK1 seem to play key roles in APC/C inhibition by mechanisms dependent and/or independent on MCC assembly. The protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are recruited to kinetochores to oppose kinase activity. These phosphatases reverse the phosphorylation of kinetochore targets promoting the microtubule attachment stabilization, sister kinetochore biorientation and SAC silencing. The kinase-phosphatase network is crucial as it renders the SAC a dynamic, graded-signaling, high responsive, and robust process thereby ensuring timely anaphase onset and preventing the generation of proneoplastic aneuploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Sistigu
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Siteni
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Weaver RL, Limzerwala JF, Naylor RM, Jeganathan KB, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM. BubR1 alterations that reinforce mitotic surveillance act against aneuploidy and cancer. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27528194 PMCID: PMC4987139 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BubR1 is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Mutations that reduce BubR1 abundance cause aneuploidization and tumorigenesis in humans and mice, whereas BubR1 overexpression protects against these. However, how supranormal BubR1 expression exerts these beneficial physiological impacts is poorly understood. Here, we used Bub1b mutant transgenic mice to explore the role of the amino-terminal (BubR1N) and internal (BubR1I) Cdc20-binding domains of BubR1 in preventing aneuploidy and safeguarding against cancer. BubR1N was necessary, but not sufficient to protect against aneuploidy and cancer. In contrast, BubR1 lacking the internal Cdc20-binding domain provided protection against both, which coincided with improved microtubule-kinetochore attachment error correction and SAC activity. Maximal SAC reinforcement occurred when both the Phe- and D-box of BubR1I were disrupted. Thus, while under- or overexpression of most mitotic regulators impairs chromosome segregation fidelity, certain manipulations of BubR1 can positively impact this process and therefore be therapeutically exploited. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16620.001 Human DNA is organized into 46 chromosomes, which must be duplicated before a cell divides and are then shared equally between the two new cells. When this process goes awry, the new cells either have too many or too few chromosomes. This situation – known as aneuploidy – frequently occurs in cancer cells, and is thought to cause cells to gain extra copies or lose copies of genes that promote or prevent cancer, respectively. Cells have several ways to prevent aneuploidy. One of these safeguards, known as the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), involves a protein called BubR1, which acts at the stage when the duplicated chromosomes need to be equally divided into each daughter cell. Mouse models show that low levels of the BubR1 protein result in aneuploidy and increased predisposition to cancer. High levels of BubR1, on the other hand, allow the mice to stay healthier for longer and can stop tumors from forming. However, it was not known exactly how high amounts of BubR1 protect against cancer. To address this question, Weaver et al. set out to determine which parts, or domains, of the BubR1 protein protect against cancer. Mice with high levels of the full-length BubR1 protein were compared with mice that made mutant versions of BubR1 lacking certain domains. These experiments revealed that a small portion of the beginning of the protein was necessary to protect against tumor formation, but removing a large region in the middle of BubR1 still protected mice against lung cancer and aneuploidy. Additional experiments performed on mouse cells grown in the laboratory revealed that whole BubR1 protein and the mutant protein lacking the middle region might prevent aneuploidy in multiple ways. For example, both systems had stronger SAC signaling, which could serve to make segregating the chromosomes more accurate. In the future, it will be important to find out whether BubR1 acts in the same way in human cells and cancers. Lastly, since it is not possible to over-produce BubR1 in humans, other methods will need to be investigated to use this knowledge to treat cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16620.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbyn L Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Jazeel F Limzerwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Ryan M Naylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sravya T, Sivaranjani Y, Rao GV. Immunohistochemical expression of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole related 1 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:71-7. [PMID: 27194865 PMCID: PMC4860940 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.180938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole related 1 (BUBR1) is an important protein in the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. Alterations in expression of BUBR1 have been reported in many premalignant and malignant lesions. Aim: To compare the expression of BUBR1 with respect to the normal mucosa and degree of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia (OL) and also with respect to different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Neutral buffered formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens 30 each of normal, OL and OSCC tissue were included in this study. The expression of BUBR1 was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The scores obtained were subjected to ANOVA test. Results: Significant correlation was found in immunostaining between normal, dysplasia and OSCC groups with a P value of 0.00001. The expression of BUBR1 was significant when compared with different degrees of dysplasia and in different histopathological grades of OSCC with a P value of 0.00001. Conclusion: Higher IHC scores were obtained with increased histopathological grades of OL and OSCC suggesting its role as a prognostic indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taneeru Sravya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Yeluri Sivaranjani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Martel-Frachet V, Keramidas M, Nurisso A, DeBonis S, Rome C, Coll JL, Boumendjel A, Skoufias DA, Ronot X. IPP51, a chalcone acting as a microtubule inhibitor with in vivo antitumor activity against bladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14669-86. [PMID: 26036640 PMCID: PMC4546496 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified 1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-methylindolyl) propenone (IPP51), a new chalcone derivative that is capable of inducing prometaphase arrest and subsequent apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that IPP51 selectively inhibits proliferation of tumor-derived cells versus normal non-tumor cells. IPP51 interfered with spindle formation and mitotic chromosome alignment. Accumulation of cyclin B1 and mitotic checkpoint proteins Bub1 and BubR1 on chromosomes in IPP51 treated cells indicated the activation of spindle-assembly checkpoint, which is consistent with the mitotic arrest. The antimitotic actions of other chalcones are often associated with microtubule disruption. Indeed, IPP51 inhibited tubulin polymerization in an in vitro assay with purified tubulin. In cells, IPP51 induced an increase in soluble tubulin. Furthermore, IPP51 inhibited in vitro capillary-like tube formation by endothelial cells, indicating that it has anti-angiogenic activity. Molecular docking showed that the indol group of IPP51 can be accommodated in the colchicine binding site of tubulin. This characteristic was confirmed by an in vitro competition assay demonstrating that IPP51 can compete for colchicine binding to soluble tubulin. Finally, in a human bladder xenograft mouse model, IPP51 inhibited tumor growth without signs of toxicity. Altogether, these findings suggest that IPP51 is an attractive new microtubule-targeting agent with potential chemotherapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Martel-Frachet
- Université Joseph Fourier, AGIM CNRS FRE, EPHE, GRENOBLE Cedex 9. Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Michelle Keramidas
- Unité INSERM/UJF U823, Centre de recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire Rome
- Unité Inserm, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Site Santé, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Unité INSERM/UJF U823, Centre de recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UMR, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Xavier Ronot
- Université Joseph Fourier, AGIM CNRS FRE, EPHE, GRENOBLE Cedex 9. Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chan A, Singh AJ, Northcote PT, Miller JH. Peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, induces aneuploidy in ovarian cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:424-38. [PMID: 27155614 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To ensure proper chromosome segregation, mitosis is tightly regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Low concentrations of microtubule-stabilizing agents can induce aneuploid populations of cells in the absence of G2/M block, suggesting pertubation of the spindle checkpoint. We investigated the effects of peloruside A, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, on expression levels of several key cell cycle proteins, MAD2, BUBR1, p55CDC and cyclin B1. Synchronized 1A9 ovarian carcinoma cells were allowed to progress through the cell cycle in the presence or absence of peloruside A. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to probe the cell cycle kinetics of MAD2 and BUBR1 dissociation from p55CDC. Using confocal microscopy, we investigated whether premature dissociation of MAD2 and BUBR1 at low (40 nM) but not high (100 nM) concentrations of peloruside A was caused by defects in the attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle. An increased frequency of polar chromosomes was observed at low concentrations of peloruside A, suggesting that an increased frequency of pseudo-metaphase cells, which are not detected by the spindle assembly checkpoint, may be underlying the induction of aneuploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Volpara Solutions Limited, Level 12, 86 Victoria Street, Wellington, 6011, New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan Singh
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute - Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter T Northcote
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand. .,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baron AP, von Schubert C, Cubizolles F, Siemeister G, Hitchcock M, Mengel A, Schröder J, Fernández-Montalván A, von Nussbaum F, Mumberg D, Nigg EA. Probing the catalytic functions of Bub1 kinase using the small molecule inhibitors BAY-320 and BAY-524. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26885717 PMCID: PMC4769170 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase Bub1 functions in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and in chromosome congression, but the role of its catalytic activity remains controversial. Here, we use two novel Bub1 inhibitors, BAY-320 and BAY-524, to demonstrate potent Bub1 kinase inhibition both in vitro and in intact cells. Then, we compared the cellular phenotypes of Bub1 kinase inhibition in HeLa and RPE1 cells with those of protein depletion, indicative of catalytic or scaffolding functions, respectively. Bub1 inhibition affected chromosome association of Shugoshin and the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), without abolishing global Aurora B function. Consequently, inhibition of Bub1 kinase impaired chromosome arm resolution but exerted only minor effects on mitotic progression or SAC function. Importantly, BAY-320 and BAY-524 treatment sensitized cells to low doses of Paclitaxel, impairing both chromosome segregation and cell proliferation. These findings are relevant to our understanding of Bub1 kinase function and the prospects of targeting Bub1 for therapeutic applications. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12187.001 The DNA in our cells is packaged into structures called chromosomes. When a cell divides, these chromosomes need to be copied and then correctly separated so that both daughter cells have a full set of genetic information. Errors in separating chromosomes can lead to the death of cells, birth defects or contribute to the development of cancer. Chromosomes are separated by an array of protein fibers called the mitotic spindle. A surveillance mechanism known as the spindle assembly checkpoint prevents the cell from dividing until all the chromosomes have properly attached to the spindle. A protein called Bub1 is a central element of the SAC. However, it was not clear whether Bub1 works primarily as an enzyme or as a scaffolding protein. Baron, von Schubert et al. characterized two new molecules that inhibit Bub1’s enzyme activity and used them to investigate what role the enzyme plays in the spindle assembly checkpoint in human cells. The experiments compared the effects of these inhibitors to the effects of other molecules that block the production of Bub1. Baron, von Schubert et al.’s findings suggest that Bub1 works primarily as a scaffolding protein, but that the enzyme activity is required for optimal performance. Further experiments show that when the molecules that inhibit the Bub1 enzyme are combined with paclitaxel – a widely used therapeutic drug – cancer cells have more difficulties in separating their chromosomes and divide less often. The new inhibitors used by Baron, von Schubert et al. will be useful for future studies of this protein in different situations. Furthermore, these molecules may have the potential to be used as anti-cancer therapies in combination with other drugs. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12187.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Baron
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Mengel
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Schröder
- Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shin SB, Woo SU, Yim H. Differential Cellular Effects of Plk1 Inhibitors Targeting the ATP-binding Domain or Polo-box Domain. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3057-67. [PMID: 25975351 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The expression of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) correlates with malignancy and is thus recognized as a target for cancer therapy. In addition to the development of ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors, the polo-box domain (PBD), a unique functional domain of PLKs, is being targeted to develop Plk1-specific inhibitors. However, the action mechanisms of these two classes of Plk1 inhibitors have not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we evaluate the differences in cellular effects of ATP-binding domain inhibitors (BI 2536, GSK 461364) and PBD inhibitors (poloxin, thymoquinone) to determine their mechanisms of Plk1 inhibition. Our data show that BI 2536 and GSK461364 increased the population of cells in the G2/M phase compared with controls, while treatment with poloxin and thymoquinone increased cell population in the S phase as well as in G2/M, in a p53-independent manner. The population of cells staining positively for p-Histone H3 and MPM2, mitotic index, was increased by treatment with BI 2536 or GSK461364, but not by treatment with poloxin or thymoquinone. Furthermore, treatment with BI 2536 or GSK461364 resulted in activation of the BubR1 spindle checkpoint kinase, suggesting that treatment with ATP-binding domain inhibitors induces metaphase arrest. However, the administration of poloxin and thymoquinone resulted in an increase in p21(WAF1) and S arrest, indicating that PBD inhibitors also affected interphase before mitotic entry. Taken together, these data suggest that the PDB of Plk1 plays a role in S phase progression through interaction with other proteins, while its ATP-binding domain is important for regulating mitotic progression mediated by its catalytic activity involving consumption of ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Bi Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Han JY, Han YK, Park GY, Kim SD, Lee CG. Bub1 is required for maintaining cancer stem cells in breast cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15993. [PMID: 26522589 PMCID: PMC4629164 DOI: 10.1038/srep15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide due to therapeutic resistance and cancer recurrence. Cancer stem cells are believed to be responsible for resistance and recurrence. Many efforts to overcome resistance and recurrence by regulating cancer stem cells are ongoing. Bub1 (Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1) is a mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in chromosome segregation. Bub1 expression is correlated with a poor clinical prognosis in patients with breast cancer. We identified that depleting Bub1 using shRNAs reduces cancer stem cell potential of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, resulting in inhibited formation of xenografts in immunocompromised mice. These results suggest that Bub1 may be associated with cancer stem cell potential and could be a target for developing anti-breast cancer stem cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoon Han
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, ROK
| | - Yu Kyeong Han
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, ROK.,Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, ROK
| | - Ga-Young Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, ROK.,Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, ROK
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, ROK
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological &Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, ROK
| |
Collapse
|