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Liu X, Wu Y, Li M. Identification of 7 mitochondria-related genes as diagnostic biomarkers of MDD and their correlation with immune infiltration: New insights from bioinformatics analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:86-100. [PMID: 38199392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders. It becomes more recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of depression. However, little research has systematically investigated the mitochondria-related biomarkers for MDD diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic gene signature in MDD based on mitochondria-related genes. METHOD We identified the differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes (DeMRGs) by combing the gene expression data of the GEO database with mitochondria-related gene lists obtained from the MitoCarta3.0 database. Next, three kinds of machine-learning algorithms were used to screen characteristic DeMRGs. Then, we constructed a multivariable diagnostic model based on these characteristic genes and evaluated the diagnostic ability of this model. Subsequently, the immune landscape of infiltrated immune cells between MDD patients and controls was evaluated by CIBERSORT. Using consensus clustering analysis, we divided MDD patients into different clusters based on the characteristic DeMRGs expression patterns. Finally, the variations in immune cell infiltration between different clusters, and the correlation between characteristic DeMRGs and immune cell infiltration were analyzed. RESULTS Seven characteristic genes, including PMPCB, MRPS28, LYRM2, MGST1, COX20, PTPMT1, and STX17, were identified from the 31 DeMRGs. Based on the seven characteristic genes, we successfully constructed a diagnostic model which had relatively good diagnostic performance and potential application in the clinical diagnosis of MDD. In addition, our results also imply an intimate and comprehensive association between the characteristic DeMRGs and immune infiltrating cells. CONCLUSION A novel mitochondria-related gene signature with a good diagnostic performance and a relationship with immune microenvironment were identified in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China; Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China; Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China; Department of Depression, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Chen C, Zheng H, Horwitz EM, Ando S, Araki K, Zhao P, Li Z, Ford ML, Ahmed R, Qu CK. Mitochondrial metabolic flexibility is critical for CD8 + T cell antitumor immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9522. [PMID: 38055827 PMCID: PMC10699783 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria use different substrates for energy production and intermediatory metabolism according to the availability of nutrients and oxygen levels. The role of mitochondrial metabolic flexibility for CD8+ T cell immune response is poorly understood. Here, we report that the deletion or pharmacological inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase, mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1) significantly decreased CD8+ effector T cell development and clonal expansion. In addition, PTPMT1 deletion impaired stem-like CD8+ T cell maintenance and accelerated CD8+ T cell exhaustion/dysfunction, leading to aggravated tumor growth. Mechanistically, the loss of PTPMT1 critically altered mitochondrial fuel selection-the utilization of pyruvate, a major mitochondrial substrate derived from glucose-was inhibited, whereas fatty acid utilization was enhanced. Persistent mitochondrial substrate shift and metabolic inflexibility induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in PTPMT1 knockout cells. Collectively, this study reveals an important role of PTPMT1 in facilitating mitochondrial utilization of carbohydrates and that mitochondrial flexibility in energy source selection is critical for CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Edwin M. Horwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Satomi Ando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Koichi Araki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Zheng H, Li Q, Li S, Li Z, Brotto M, Weiss D, Prosdocimo D, Xu C, Reddy A, Puchowicz M, Zhao X, Weitzmann MN, Jain MK, Qu CK. Loss of Ptpmt1 limits mitochondrial utilization of carbohydrates and leads to muscle atrophy and heart failure in tissue-specific knockout mice. eLife 2023; 12:RP86944. [PMID: 37672386 PMCID: PMC10482430 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While mitochondria in different tissues have distinct preferences for energy sources, they are flexible in utilizing competing substrates for metabolism according to physiological and nutritional circumstances. However, the regulatory mechanisms and significance of metabolic flexibility are not completely understood. Here, we report that the deletion of Ptpmt1, a mitochondria-based phosphatase, critically alters mitochondrial fuel selection - the utilization of pyruvate, a key mitochondrial substrate derived from glucose (the major simple carbohydrate), is inhibited, whereas the fatty acid utilization is enhanced. Ptpmt1 knockout does not impact the development of the skeletal muscle or heart. However, the metabolic inflexibility ultimately leads to muscular atrophy, heart failure, and sudden death. Mechanistic analyses reveal that the prolonged substrate shift from carbohydrates to lipids causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial destruction, which in turn results in marked accumulation of lipids and profound damage in the knockout muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, Ptpmt1 deletion from the liver or adipose tissue does not generate any local or systemic defects. These findings suggest that Ptpmt1 plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial flexibility and that their balanced utilization of carbohydrates and lipids is essential for both the skeletal muscle and the heart despite the two tissues having different preferred energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Qianjin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Marco Brotto
- College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Domenick Prosdocimo
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Ashruth Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Case Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
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Muñoz JP, Basei FL, Rojas ML, Galvis D, Zorzano A. Mechanisms of Modulation of Mitochondrial Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1225. [PMID: 37627290 PMCID: PMC10452872 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial network architecture plays a critical role in cellular physiology. Indeed, alterations in the shape of mitochondria upon exposure to cellular stress can cause the dysfunction of these organelles. In this scenario, mitochondrial dynamics proteins and the phospholipid composition of the mitochondrial membrane are key for fine-tuning the modulation of mitochondrial architecture. In addition, several factors including post-translational modifications such as the phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, and o-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins contribute to shaping the plasticity of this architecture. In this regard, several studies have evidenced that, upon metabolic stress, mitochondrial dynamics proteins are post-translationally modified, leading to the alteration of mitochondrial architecture. Interestingly, several proteins that sustain the mitochondrial lipid composition also modulate mitochondrial morphology and organelle communication. In this context, pharmacological studies have revealed that the modulation of mitochondrial shape and function emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. Here, we review the factors that modulate mitochondrial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Muñoz
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Luisa Basei
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-871 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - María Laura Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - David Galvis
- Programa de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad CES, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Yi J, Yue L, Zhang Y, Tao N, Duan H, Lv L, Tan Y, Wang H. PTPMT1 protects cardiomyocytes from necroptosis induced by γ-ray irradiation through alleviating mitochondria injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1320-C1331. [PMID: 37154493 PMCID: PMC10243535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00466.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) progresses over time and may manifest decades after the initial radiation exposure, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical benefit of radiotherapy is always counterbalanced by an increased risk of cardiovascular events in survivors. There is an urgent need to explore the effect and the underlying mechanism of radiation-induced heart injury. Mitochondrial damage widely occurs in irradiation-induced injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to necroptosis development. Experiments were performed using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and rat H9C2 cells to investigate the effect of mitochondrial injury on necroptosis in irradiated cardiomyocytes and to further elucidate the mechanism underlying radiation-induced heart disease and discover possible preventive targets. After γ-ray irradiation, the expression levels of necroptosis markers were increased, along with higher oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury. These effects could be abated by overexpression of protein tyrosine phosphatase, mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1). Inhibiting oxidative stress or increasing the expression of PTPMT1 could protect against radiation-induced mitochondrial injury and then decrease the necroptosis of cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that PTPMT1 may be a new target for the treatment of radiation-induced heart disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Effective strategies are still lacking for treating RIHD, with unclear pathological mechanisms. In cardiomyocytes model of radiation-induced injuries, we found γ-ray irradiation decreased the expression of PTPMT1, increased oxidative stress, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptosis in iPSC-CMs. ROS inhibition attenuated radiation-induced mitochondrial damage and necroptosis. PTPMT1 protected cardiomyocytes from necroptosis induced by γ-ray irradiation by alleviating mitochondrial injury. Therefore, PTPMT1 might be a potential strategy for treating RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Tao
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Duan
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxia Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Experimental Haematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
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6
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Huynh H, Zhu S, Lee S, Bao Y, Pang J, Nguyen A, Gu Y, Chen C, Ouyang K, Evans SM, Fang X. DELE1 is protective for mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 175:44-48. [PMID: 36539111 PMCID: PMC10387237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart triggers an integrated stress response (ISR) through phosphorylation of eIF2α and subsequent ATF4 activation. DAP3 Binding Cell Death Enhancer 1 (DELE1) is a mitochondrial protein recently found to be critical for mediating mitochondrial stress-triggered ISR (MSR)-induced eIF2α-ATF4 pathway activation. However, the specific role of DELE1 in heart at baseline or in response to mitochondrial stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that DELE1 is dispensable for cardiac development and function under baseline conditions. Conversely, DELE1 is essential for mediating an adaptive response to mitochondrial dysfunction-triggered stress in the heart, playing a protective role in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Huynh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Siting Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sharon Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yutong Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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7
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Kuang G, Salowe R, O’Brien J. Genetic Factors Implicated in the Investigation of Possible Connections between Alzheimer's Disease and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:338. [PMID: 36833265 PMCID: PMC9957421 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are diseases of primary global neurodegeneration with complex pathophysiologies. Throughout the published literature, researchers have highlighted similarities associated with various aspects of both diseases. In light of the increasing number of findings reporting resemblance between the two neurodegenerative processes, scientists have grown interested in possible underlying connections between AD and POAG. In the search for explanations to fundamental mechanisms, a multitude of genes have been studied in each condition, with overlap in the genes of interest between AD and POAG. Greater understanding of genetic factors can drive the research process of identifying relationships and elucidating common pathways of disease. These connections can then be utilized to advance research as well as to generate new clinical applications. Notably, AD and glaucoma are currently diseases with irreversible consequences that often lack effective therapies. An established genetic connection between AD and POAG would serve as the basis for development of gene or pathway targeted strategies relevant to both diseases. Such a clinical application could be of immense benefit to researchers, clinicians, and patients alike. This paper aims to summarize the genetic associations between AD and POAG, describe common underlying mechanisms, discuss potential areas of application, and organize the findings in a review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Sampadi B, Mullenders LHF, Vrieling H. Low and high doses of ionizing radiation evoke discrete global (phospho)proteome responses. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 113:103305. [PMID: 35255311 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer risk is assumed to be linear with ionizing radiation (IR) dose, it is unclear to what extent low doses (LD) of IR from medical and occupational exposures pose a cancer risk for humans. Improved mechanistic understanding of the signaling responses to LD may help to clarify this uncertainty. Here, we performed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics experiments, using mouse embryonic stem cells, at 0.5 h and 4 h after exposure to LD (0.1 Gy) and high doses (HD; 1 Gy) of IR. RESULTS The proteome remained relatively stable (29; 0.5% proteins responded), whereas the phosphoproteome changed dynamically (819; 7% phosphosites changed) upon irradiation. Dose-dependent alterations of 25 IR-responsive proteins were identified, with only four in common between LD and HD. Mitochondrial metabolic proteins and pathways responded to LD, whereas transporter proteins and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways responded to HD. Congruently, mitochondrial respiration increased after LD exposure but decreased after HD exposure. While the bulk of the phosphoproteome response to LD (76%) occurred already at 0.5 h, an equivalent proportion of the phosphosites responded to HD at both time points. Motif, kinome/phosphatome, kinase-substrate, and pathway analyses revealed a robust DNA damage response (DDR) activation after HD exposure but not after LD exposure. Instead, LD-irradiation induced (de)phosphorylation of kinases, kinase-substrates and phosphatases that predominantly respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. CONCLUSION Our analyses identify discrete global proteome and phosphoproteome responses after LD and HD, uncovering novel proteins and protein (de)phosphorylation events involved in the dose-dependent ionizing radiation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sampadi
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon H F Mullenders
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Kim JH, Matsubara T, Lee J, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Han K, Kim D, Jia S, Chang CJ, Yang H, Nagano T, Krausz KW, Yim SH, Gonzalez FJ. Lysosomal SLC46A3 modulates hepatic cytosolic copper homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:290. [PMID: 33436590 PMCID: PMC7804329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic toxicity associated with prominent lipid accumulation in humans. Here, the authors report that the lysosomal copper transporter SLC46A3 is induced by TCDD and underlies the hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, potentially via effects on mitochondrial function. SLC46A3 was localized to the lysosome where it modulated intracellular copper levels. Forced expression of hepatic SLC46A3 resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and abnormal mitochondria morphology consistent with lower copper levels. SLC46A3 expression increased hepatic lipid accumulation similar to the known effects of TCDD exposure in mice and humans. The TCDD-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation was significantly decreased in Slc46a3-/- mice and was more pronounced when these mice were fed a high-fat diet, as compared to wild-type mice. These data are consistent with a model where lysosomal SLC46A3 induction by TCDD leads to cytosolic copper deficiency resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction leading to lower lipid catabolism, thus linking copper status to mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and TCDD-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyungreem Han
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomokazu Nagano
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Yim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 41163, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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10
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Bao MHR, Yang C, Tse APW, Wei L, Lee D, Zhang MS, Goh CC, Chiu DKC, Yuen VWH, Law CT, Chin WC, Chui NNQ, Wong BPY, Chan CYK, Ng IOL, Chung CYS, Wong CM, Wong CCL. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screening identified PTPMT1 in cardiolipin synthesis is crucial to survival in hypoxia in liver cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108676. [PMID: 33503428 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2), is a key feature of all solid cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library screening is used to identify reliable therapeutic targets responsible for hypoxic survival in HCC. We find that protein-tyrosine phosphatase mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1), an important enzyme for cardiolipin (CL) synthesis, is the most significant gene and ranks just after hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-1β as crucial to hypoxic survival. CL constitutes the mitochondrial membrane and ensures the proper assembly of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes for efficient electron transfer in respiration. ETC becomes highly unstable during hypoxia. Knockout of PTPMT1 stops the maturation of CL and impairs the assembly of ETC complexes, leading to further electron leakage and ROS accumulation at ETC in hypoxia. Excitingly, HCC cells, especially under hypoxic conditions, show great sensitivity toward PTPMT1 inhibitor alexidine dihydrochloride (AD). This study unravels the protective roles of PTPMT1 in hypoxic survival and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aki Pui-Wah Tse
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chi Ching Goh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Cheuk-Ting Law
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Ching Chin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Carmen Chak-Lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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11
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Russomanno G, Jo KB, Abdul-Salam VB, Morgan C, Endruschat J, Schaeper U, Osman AH, Alzaydi MM, Wilkins MR, Wojciak-Stothard B. miR-150-PTPMT1-cardiolipin signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:142-153. [PMID: 33335799 PMCID: PMC7733016 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating levels of endothelial miR-150 are reduced in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and act as an independent predictor of patient survival, but links between endothelial miR-150 and vascular dysfunction are not well understood. We studied the effects of endothelial miR-150 supplementation and inhibition in PAH mice and cells from patients with idiopathic PAH. The role of selected mediators of miR-150 identified by RNA sequencing was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Endothelium-targeted miR-150 delivery prevented the disease in Sugen/hypoxia mice, while endothelial knockdown of miR-150 had adverse effects. miR-150 target genes revealed significant associations with PAH pathways, including proliferation, inflammation, and phospholipid signaling, with PTEN-like mitochondrial phosphatase (PTPMT1) most markedly altered. PTPMT1 reduced inflammation and apoptosis and improved mitochondrial function in human pulmonary endothelial cells and blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells from idiopathic PAH. Beneficial effects of miR-150 in vitro and in vivo were linked with PTPMT1-dependent biosynthesis of mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and reduced expression of pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-fibrotic genes, including c-MYB, NOTCH3, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and Col1a1. In conclusion, we are the first to show that miR-150 supplementation attenuates pulmonary endothelial damage induced by vascular stresses and may be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Russomanno
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kyeong Beom Jo
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vahitha B. Abdul-Salam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire Morgan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ahmed H. Osman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mai M. Alzaydi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beata Wojciak-Stothard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Corresponding author: Beata Wojciak-Stothard, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, ICTEM Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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12
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A mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 is essential for the early development of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:713-718. [PMID: 32773109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays important roles in the control of many biological processes in insects, such as development, reproduction, and polyphenism. JH is primarily produced in the corpora allata (CA) by specific JH biosynthetic enzymes under strict temporal regulation. In a previous study, we identified a novel putative JH biosynthetic gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase, mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1), from silkworm, Bombyx mori, whose expression is nearly exclusive in the CA and is correlated with JH synthetic activities during late larval development. In this study, to reveal the function of PTPMT1 in vivo, we generated PTPMT1 knockout silkworms using TALEN. In the knockout mutants, no signs indicating defects in JH activity were observed. Instead, PTPMT1 knockout silkworms showed embryonic lethality, developmental arrest, and 3rd-instar lethality not only in mutants lacking total enzymatic activity but also in mutants lacking mitochondrial translocation signals. Moreover, in PTPMT1 knockout embryos, the expression of two genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome, CYTB and ND3, was decreased, indicating a mitochondrial disorder. These results suggested that PTPMT1 plays conserved vital role(s) reported in vertebrates in insect mitochondria.
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13
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Papakyrikos AM, Kim MJ, Wang X. Drosophila PTPMT1 Has a Function in Tracheal Air Filling. iScience 2020; 23:101285. [PMID: 32629421 PMCID: PMC7334580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fly trachea is the equivalent of the mammalian lung and is a useful model for human respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying tracheal air filling during larval development. In this study, we discover that PTPMT1 has a function in tracheal air filling. PTPMT1 is a widely conserved, ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial phosphatase. To reveal PTPMT1's functions in genetically tractable invertebrates and whether those functions are tissue specific, we generate a Drosophila model of PTPMT1 depletion. We find that fly PTPMT1 mutants show impairments in tracheal air filling and subsequent activation of innate immune responses. On a cellular level, these defects are preceded by aggregation of mitochondria within the tracheal epithelial cells. Our work demonstrates a cell-type-specific role for PTPMT1 in fly tracheal epithelial cells to support air filling and to prevent immune activation. The establishment of this model will facilitate exploration of PTPMT1's physiological functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Papakyrikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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14
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Commander R, Wei C, Sharma A, Mouw JK, Burton LJ, Summerbell E, Mahboubi D, Peterson RJ, Konen J, Zhou W, Du Y, Fu H, Shanmugam M, Marcus AI. Subpopulation targeting of pyruvate dehydrogenase and GLUT1 decouples metabolic heterogeneity during collective cancer cell invasion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1533. [PMID: 32210228 PMCID: PMC7093428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity exists within collectively invading packs of tumor cells, suggesting that cellular subtypes cooperate to drive invasion and metastasis. Here, we take a chemical biology approach to probe cell:cell cooperation within the collective invasion pack. These data reveal metabolic heterogeneity within invasive chains, in which leader cells preferentially utilize mitochondrial respiration and trailing follower cells rely on elevated glucose uptake. We define a pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) dependency in leader cells that can be therapeutically exploited with the mitochondria-targeting compound alexidine dihydrochloride. In contrast, follower cells highly express glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), which sustains an elevated level of glucose uptake required to maintain proliferation. Co-targeting of both leader and follower cells with PDH and GLUT1 inhibitors, respectively, inhibits cell growth and collective invasion. Taken together, our work reveals metabolic heterogeneity within the lung cancer collective invasion pack and provides rationale for co-targeting PDH and GLUT1 to inhibit collective invasion. The presence of phenotypic heterogeneity in collectively invading cells suggests cooperation amongst distinct subtypes of cells to promote invasion and metastasis. Here, the authors use chemical biology tools and report metabolic heterogeneity within the lung cancer collective invasion pack.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Commander
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Wei
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J K Mouw
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L J Burton
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Summerbell
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Mahboubi
- Graduate Program in Molecular Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R J Peterson
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Konen
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Du
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Fu
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Shanmugam
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - A I Marcus
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Zheng H, Yu WM, Shen J, Kang S, Hambardzumyan D, Li JY, Shen Y, Kenney AM, Chen J, Qu CK. Mitochondrial oxidation of the carbohydrate fuel is required for neural precursor/stem cell function and postnatal cerebellar development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat2681. [PMID: 30338292 PMCID: PMC6191298 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While deregulation of mitochondrial metabolism and cytosolic glycolysis has been well recognized in tumor cells, the role of coordinated mitochondrial oxidation and cytosolic fermentation of pyruvate, a key metabolite derived from glucose, in physiological processes is not well understood. Here, we report that knockout of PTPMT1, a mitochondrial phosphoinositide phosphatase, completely blocked postnatal cerebellar development. Proliferation of granule cell progenitors, the most actively replicating cells in the developing cerebellum, was only moderately decreased, and proliferation of Purkinje cell progenitors did not seem to be affected in knockout mice. In contrast, generation of functional Bergmann glia from multipotent precursor cells (radial glia), which is essential for cerebellar corticogenesis, was totally disrupted. Moreover, despite a low turnover rate, neural stem cells were impaired in self-renewal in knockout mice. Mechanistically, loss of PTPMT1 decreased mitochondrial aerobic metabolism by limiting utilization of pyruvate, which resulted in bioenergetic stress in neural precursor/stem cells but not in progenitor or mature cells, leading to cell cycle arrest through activation of the AMPK-p19/p21 pathway. This study suggests that mitochondrial oxidation of the carbohydrate fuel is required for postnatal cerebellar development, and identifies a bioenergetic stress-induced cell cycle checkpoint in neural precursor/stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Y. Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Anna M. Kenney
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ni
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- a Department of Pediatrics , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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17
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Energy Metabolism Plays a Critical Role in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:253. [PMID: 26901195 PMCID: PMC4783982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stem cells gradually turned to be critical players in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Current evidence has demonstrated that in addition to growth factors and the extracellular matrix, multiple metabolic pathways definitively provide important signals for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we mainly focus on a detailed overview of stem cell metabolism in vitro. In stem cell metabolic biology, the dynamic balance of each type of stem cell can vary according to the properties of each cell type, and they share some common points. Clearly defining the metabolic flux alterations in stem cells may help to shed light on stemness features and differentiation pathways that control the fate of stem cells.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Martin
- a Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; ON1 Campus Gasthuisberg ; KU Leuven ; Leuven , Belgium
| | - Tine Holemans
- a Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; ON1 Campus Gasthuisberg ; KU Leuven ; Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- a Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; ON1 Campus Gasthuisberg ; KU Leuven ; Leuven , Belgium
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19
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Rudge SA, Wakelam MJO. Phosphatidylinositolphosphate phosphatase activities and cancer. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:176-92. [PMID: 26302980 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediates the actions of a plethora of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters upon their target cells following receptor occupation. Overactivation of these pathways has been implicated in a number of pathologies, in particular a range of malignancies. The tight regulation of signaling pathways necessitates the involvement of both stimulatory and terminating enzymes; inappropriate activation of a pathway can thus result from activation or inhibition of the two signaling arms. The focus of this review is to discuss, in detail, the activities of the identified families of phosphoinositide phosphatase expressed in humans, and how they regulate the levels of phosphoinositides implicated in promoting malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Rudge
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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20
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Wanet A, Arnould T, Najimi M, Renard P. Connecting Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1957-71. [PMID: 26134242 PMCID: PMC4543487 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As sites of cellular respiration and energy production, mitochondria play a central role in cell metabolism. Cell differentiation is associated with an increase in mitochondrial content and activity and with a metabolic shift toward increased oxidative phosphorylation activity. The opposite occurs during reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Studies have provided evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic changes during the differentiation of both embryonic and somatic (or adult) stem cells (SSCs), such as hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and tissue-specific progenitor cells. We thus propose to consider those mitochondrial and metabolic changes as hallmarks of differentiation processes. We review how mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and function are directly involved in embryonic and SSC differentiation and how metabolic and sensing pathways connect mitochondria and metabolism with cell fate and pluripotency. Understanding the basis of the crosstalk between mitochondria and cell fate is of critical importance, given the promising application of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In addition to the development of novel strategies to improve the in vitro lineage-directed differentiation of stem cells, understanding the molecular basis of this interplay could lead to the identification of novel targets to improve the treatment of degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Wanet
- 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) , Namur, Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) , Namur, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- 2 Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) , Namur, Belgium
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21
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Jetten MJA, Ruiz-Aracama A, Coonen MLJ, Claessen SM, van Herwijnen MHM, Lommen A, van Delft JHM, Peijnenburg AACM, Kleinjans JCS. Interindividual variation in gene expression responses and metabolite formation in acetaminophen-exposed primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1103-15. [PMID: 26104854 PMCID: PMC4830893 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a readily available over-the-counter drug and is one of the most commonly used analgesics/antipyretics worldwide. Large interindividual variation in susceptibility toward APAP-induced liver failure has been reported. However, the exact underlying factors causing this variability in susceptibility are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand this variability in response to APAP by evaluating interindividual differences in gene expression changes and APAP metabolite formation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from several donors (n = 5) exposed in vitro to a non-toxic to toxic APAP dose range. To evaluate interindividual variation, gene expression data/levels of metabolites were plotted against APAP dose/donor. The correlation in APAP dose response between donors was calculated by comparing data points from one donor to the data points of all other donors using a Pearson-based correlation analysis. From that, a correlation score/donor for each gene/metabolite was defined, representing the similarity of the omics response to APAP in PHH of a particular donor to all other donors. The top 1 % highest variable genes were selected for further evaluation using gene set overrepresentation analysis. The biological processes in which the genes with high interindividual variation in expression were involved include liver regeneration, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial stress responses, hepatocarcinogenesis, cell cycle, and drug efficacy. Additionally, the interindividual variation in the expression of these genes could be associated with the variability in expression levels of hydroxyl/methoxy-APAP and C8H13O5N-APAP-glucuronide. The before-mentioned metabolites or their derivatives have also been reported in blood of humans exposed to therapeutic APAP doses. Possibly these findings can contribute to elucidating the causative factors of interindividual susceptibility toward APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon J A Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ainhoa Ruiz-Aracama
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten L J Coonen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Claessen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H M van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Lommen
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H M van Delft
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Hammond GRV, Balla T. Polyphosphoinositide binding domains: Key to inositol lipid biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:746-58. [PMID: 25732852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIn) are an important family of phospholipids located on the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic cell membranes. Collectively, they are critical for the regulation of many aspects of membrane homeostasis and signaling, with notable relevance to human physiology and disease. This regulation is achieved through the selective interaction of these lipids with hundreds of cellular proteins, and thus the capability to study these localized interactions is crucial to understanding their functions. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the principle types of PPIn-protein interactions, focusing on specific lipid-binding domains. We then discuss how these domains have been re-tasked by biologists as molecular probes for these lipids in living cells. Finally, we describe how the knowledge gained with these probes, when combined with other techniques, has led to the current view of the lipids' localization and function in eukaryotes, focusing mainly on animal cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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23
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Nath AK, Ryu JH, Jin YN, Roberts LD, Dejam A, Gerszten RE, Peterson RT. PTPMT1 Inhibition Lowers Glucose through Succinate Dehydrogenase Phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:694-701. [PMID: 25660020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all organisms seek to maximize fitness by matching fuel availability with energy expenditure. In vertebrates, glucose homeostasis is central to this process, with glucose levels finely tuned to match changing energy requirements. To discover new pathways regulating glucose levels in vivo, we performed a large-scale chemical screen in live zebrafish and identified the small molecule alexidine as a potent glucose-lowering agent. We found that alexidine inhibits the PTEN-like mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 and that other pharmacological and genetic means of inactivating PTPMT1 also decrease glucose levels in zebrafish. Mutation of ptpmt1 eliminates the effect of alexidine, further confirming it as the glucose-lowering target of alexidine. We then identified succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as a substrate of PTPMT1. Inactivation of PTPMT1 causes hyperphosphorylation and activation of SDH, providing a possible mechanism by which PTPMT1 coordinates glucose homeostasis. Therefore, PTPMT1 appears to be an important regulator of SDH phosphorylation status and glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali K Nath
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Justine H Ryu
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Youngnam N Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lee D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andre Dejam
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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24
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Ryu SW, Han EC, Yoon J, Choi C. The mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and OPA1 are transcriptionally induced during differentiation of bone marrow progenitors to immature dendritic cells. Mol Cells 2015; 38:89-94. [PMID: 25387754 PMCID: PMC4314123 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape and activity of mitochondria are tightly regulated by fusion and fission processes that are essential for maintaining normal cellular function. However, little is known about the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in the development of the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that mitochondrial dynamics play a role in the differentiation and migration of immature dendritic cells (imDCs). We show that mitochondrial elongation is induced during GM-CSF-stimulated differentiation of bone marrow progenitors to imDCs accompanied by upregulation of mitochondrial fusion proteins. These processes precede the changes in mitochondrial morphology and connectivity that occur during differentiation. Mfn2 and OPA1, but not Mfn1, are transcriptionally upregulated during differentiation; however, knockdown of Mfn2 and OPA1 does not induce any change in expression of CD11c, CDC80, or CD86. Notably, knockdown of Mfn2 or OPA1 by siRNA in imDCs significantly reduces CCR7 expression and CCL19-mediated migration. These results suggest that the mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and OPA1 are upregulated during bone marrow progenitor differentiation and promote the migration of imDCs by regulating the expression of CCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Ryu
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- KI for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Eun Chun Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- KI for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701,
Korea
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25
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Abstract
The difficulty in maintaining the reconstituting capabilities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in culture outside of the bone marrow microenvironment has severely limited their utilization for clinical therapy. This hurdle is largely due to the differentiation of long-term stem cells. Emerging evidence suggests that energy metabolism plays an important role in coordinating HSC self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we show that treatment with alexidine dihydrochloride, an antibiotic and a selective inhibitor of the mitochondrial phosphatase Ptpmt1, which is crucial for the differentiation of HSCs, reprogrammed cellular metabolism from mitochondrial aerobic metabolism to glycolysis, resulting in a remarkable preservation of long-term HSCs ex vivo in part through hyperactivation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism and activation of AMPK by metformin, a diabetes drug, also decreased differentiation and helped maintain stem cells in culture. Thus, manipulating metabolic pathways represents an effective new strategy for ex vivo maintenance of HSCs.
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26
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Jung HW, Park I, Ghil S. Cannabinoid receptor activation inhibits cell cycle progression by modulating 14-3-3β. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:347-60. [PMID: 25002257 PMCID: PMC6275927 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids display various pharmacological activities, including tumor regression, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a mouse brain cDNA library for proteins interacting with type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R). Using the intracellular loop 3 of CB1R as bait, we identified 14-3-3β as an interacting partner of CB1R and confirmed their interaction using affinity-binding assays. 14-3-3β has been reported to induce a cell cycle delay at the G2/M phase. We tested the effects of cannabinoids on cell cycle progression in HeLa cells synchronized using a double-thymidine block-and-release protocol and found an increase in the population of G2/M phase cells. We further found that CB1R activation augmented the interaction of 14-3-3β with Wee1 and Cdc25B, and promoted phosphorylation of Cdc2 at Tyr-15. These results suggest that cannabinoids induce cell cycle delay at the G2/M phase by activating 14-3-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Jung
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Park
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760 Republic of Korea
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27
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Pacini N, Borziani F. Cancer stem cell theory and the warburg effect, two sides of the same coin? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8893-930. [PMID: 24857919 PMCID: PMC4057766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 100 years, many studies have been performed to determine the biochemical and histopathological phenomena that mark the origin of neoplasms. At the end of the last century, the leading paradigm, which is currently well rooted, considered the origin of neoplasms to be a set of genetic and/or epigenetic mutations, stochastic and independent in a single cell, or rather, a stochastic monoclonal pattern. However, in the last 20 years, two important areas of research have underlined numerous limitations and incongruities of this pattern, the hypothesis of the so-called cancer stem cell theory and a revaluation of several alterations in metabolic networks that are typical of the neoplastic cell, the so-called Warburg effect. Even if this specific “metabolic sign” has been known for more than 85 years, only in the last few years has it been given more attention; therefore, the so-called Warburg hypothesis has been used in multiple and independent surveys. Based on an accurate analysis of a series of considerations and of biophysical thermodynamic events in the literature, we will demonstrate a homogeneous pattern of the cancer stem cell theory, of the Warburg hypothesis and of the stochastic monoclonal pattern; this pattern could contribute considerably as the first basis of the development of a new uniform theory on the origin of neoplasms. Thus, a new possible epistemological paradigm is represented; this paradigm considers the Warburg effect as a specific “metabolic sign” reflecting the stem origin of the neoplastic cell, where, in this specific metabolic order, an essential reason for the genetic instability that is intrinsic to the neoplastic cell is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pacini
- Laboratorio Privato di Biochimica F. Pacini, via trabocchetto 10, 89126 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Fabio Borziani
- Laboratorio Privato di Biochimica F. Pacini, via trabocchetto 10, 89126 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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28
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Ríos P, Nunes-Xavier CE, Tabernero L, Köhn M, Pulido R. Dual-specificity phosphatases as molecular targets for inhibition in human disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2251-73. [PMID: 24206177 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a heterogeneous group of cysteine-based protein tyrosine phosphatases, whose members exert a pivotal role in cell physiology by dephosphorylation of phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine residues from proteins, as well as other non-proteinaceous substrates. RECENT ADVANCES A picture is emerging in which a selected group of DUSP enzymes display overexpression or hyperactivity that is associated with human disease, especially human cancer, making feasible targeted therapy approaches based on their inhibition. A panoply of molecular and functional studies on DUSPs have been performed in the previous years, and drug-discovery efforts are ongoing to develop specific and efficient DUSP enzyme inhibitors. This review summarizes the current status on inhibitory compounds targeting DUSPs that belong to the MAP kinase phosphatases-, small-sized atypical-, and phosphatases of regenerating liver subfamilies, whose inhibition could be beneficial for the prevention or mitigation of human disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Achieving specificity, potency, and bioavailability are the major challenges in the discovery of DUSP inhibitors for the clinics. Clinical validation of compounds or alternative inhibitory strategies of DUSP inhibition has yet to come. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further work is required to understand the dual role of many DUSPs in human cancer, their function-structure properties, and to identify their physiologic substrates. This will help in the implementation of therapies based on DUSPs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- 1 Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Li Q, Hakimi P, Liu X, Yu WM, Ye F, Fujioka H, Raza S, Shankar E, Tang F, Dunwoodie SL, Danielpour D, Hoppel CL, Ramírez-Bergeron DL, Qu CK, Hanson RW, Yang YC. Cited2, a transcriptional modulator protein, regulates metabolism in murine embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:251-63. [PMID: 24265312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.497594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 interacting transactivator with glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp)-tail 2 (Cited2) was recently shown to be essential for gluconeogenesis in the adult mouse. The metabolic function of Cited2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) remains elusive. In the current study, the metabolism of glucose was investigated in mESCs, which contained a deletion in the gene for Cited2 (Cited2(Δ/-)). Compared with its parental wild type counterpart, Cited2(Δ/-) ESCs have enhanced glycolysis, alternations in mitochondria morphology, reduced glucose oxidation, and decreased ATP content. Cited2 is recruited to the hexokinase 1 (HK1) gene promoter to regulate transcription of HK1, which coordinates glucose metabolism in wild type ESCs. Reduced glucose oxidation and enhanced glycolytic activity in Cited2(Δ/-) ESCs correlates with defective differentiation during hypoxia, which is reflected in an increased expression of pluripotency marker (Oct4) and epiblast marker (Fgf5) and decreased expression of lineage specification markers (T, Gata-6, and Cdx2). Knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1α in Cited2(Δ/-) ESCs re-initiates the expression of differentiation markers T and Gata-6. Taken together, a deletion of Cited2 in mESCs results in abnormal mitochondrial morphology and impaired glucose metabolism, which correlates with a defective cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- From the Departments of Biochemistry
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30
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Pulido R, Stoker AW, Hendriks WJAJ. PTPs emerge as PIPs: protein tyrosine phosphatases with lipid-phosphatase activities in human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:R66-76. [PMID: 23900072 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of key homeostatic regulators, with wide implications on physiology and disease. Recent findings have unveiled that the biological activity of PTPs goes beyond the dephosphorylation of phospho-proteins to shut down protein tyrosine kinase-driven signaling cascades. Substrates dephosphorylated by clinically relevant PTPs extend to phospholipids and phosphorylated carbohydrates as well. In addition, non-catalytic functions are also used by PTPs to regulate essential cellular functions. Consequently, PTPs have emerged as novel potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, including cancer predispositions, myopathies and neuropathies. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the multifaceted role of lipid-phosphatase PTPs in human pathology, with an emphasis on hereditary diseases. The involved PTP regulatory networks and PTP modulatory strategies with potential therapeutic application are discussed.
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31
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Yu WM, Liu X, Shen J, Jovanovic O, Pohl EE, Gerson SL, Finkel T, Broxmeyer HE, Qu CK. Metabolic regulation by the mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 is required for hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:62-74. [PMID: 23290137 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation and coordination of mitochondrial metabolism with hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation is not fully understood. Here we report that depletion of PTPMT1, a PTEN-like mitochondrial phosphatase, in inducible or hematopoietic-cell-specific knockout mice resulted in hematopoietic failure due to changes in the cell cycle and a block in the differentiation of HSCs. Surprisingly, the HSC pool was increased by ∼40-fold in PTPMT1 knockout mice. Reintroduction of wild-type PTPMT1, but not catalytically deficient PTPMT1 or truncated PTPMT1 lacking mitochondrial localization, restored differentiation capabilities of PTPMT1 knockout HSCs. Further analyses demonstrated that PTPMT1 deficiency altered mitochondrial metabolism and that phosphatidylinositol phosphate substrates of PTPMT1 directly enhanced fatty-acid-induced activation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2. Intriguingly, depletion of PTPMT1 from myeloid, T lymphoid, or B lymphoid progenitors did not cause any defects in lineage-specific knockout mice. This study establishes a crucial role of PTPMT1 in the metabolic regulation of HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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32
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Xu D, Zheng H, Yu WM, Qu CK. Activating mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn11 (Shp2) enhance reactive oxygen species production that contributes to myeloproliferative disorder. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63152. [PMID: 23675459 PMCID: PMC3651249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain of function (GOF) mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase Ptpn11 have been identified in childhood leukemias, and these mutations are sufficient to drive the development of myeloproliferative disorder and malignant leukemias in mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Ptpn11 mutations induce these malignancies are not completely understood. Here we report that Ptpn11 GOF mutations cause cytokine hypersensitivity in hematopoietic cells partly by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). GOF mutations D61G or E76K in Ptpn11 increased ROS levels in myeloid progenitors but not in hematopoietic stem cells. Increased ROS enhanced cellular responses to cytokines by promoting cytokine signaling. Treatment with an antioxidant partially corrected cytokine hypersensitivity in Ptpn11 mutant progenitors. Further analyses demonstrated that Ptpn11 mutations increased mitochondrial aerobic metabolism by interacting with a novel substrate in the mitochondria. This study provides new insights into the pathogenic effects of GOF mutations of Ptpn11 and implies that antioxidants may have a therapeutic benefit for the leukemic patients with these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Chen K, Hsu LT, Wu CY, Chang SY, Huang HT, Chen W. CBARA1 plays a role in stemness and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63653. [PMID: 23667653 PMCID: PMC3648555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal and can generate almost all of the cells in the body. Although some pluripotency factors have been identified, much remains unclear regarding the molecules and mechanisms that regulate hESC self-renewal and pluripotency. In this study, we identified a mitochondrial gene, CBARA1, that is expressed in undifferentiated hESCs and that is down-regulated rapidly after cellular differentiation. To study its role in hESCs, endogenous CBARA1 expression was knocked down using shRNA. CBARA1 knockdown in hESCs resulted in down-regulation of Oct4 and Nanog expression, attenuated cell growth, and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest; however, knockdown did not noticeably affect apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that CBARA1 is a marker for undifferentiated hESCs that plays a role in maintaining stemness, cell cycle progression, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chen
- Department of Tissue Regeneration Product Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Technology and Device Research, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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34
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Niemi NM, Lanning NJ, Westrate LM, MacKeigan JP. Downregulation of the mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 is sufficient to promote cancer cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53803. [PMID: 23326511 PMCID: PMC3542197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase localized to the Mitochondrion 1 (PTPMT1) is a dual specificity phosphatase exclusively localized to the mitochondria, and has recently been shown to be a critical component in the cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway. The downregulation of PTPMT1 in pancreatic beta cells has been shown to increase cellular ATP levels and insulin production, however, the generalized role of PTPMT1 in cancer cells has not been characterized. Here we report that downregulation of PTPMT1 activity is sufficient to induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Additionally, the silencing of PTPMT1 decreases cardiolipin levels in cancer cells, while selectively increasing ATP levels in glycolytic media. Additionally, sublethal downregulation of PTPMT1 synergizes with low doses of paclitaxel to promote cancer cell death. Our data suggest that inhibition of PTPMT1 causes a metabolic crisis in cancer cells that induces cell death, and may be a mechanism by which cancer cells can be sensitized to currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Niemi
- Van Andel Research Institute, Departments of Systems Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- Van Andel Institute Graduate School, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nathan J. Lanning
- Van Andel Research Institute, Departments of Systems Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Westrate
- Van Andel Research Institute, Departments of Systems Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. MacKeigan
- Van Andel Research Institute, Departments of Systems Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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