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Baranger K, van Gijsel-Bonnello M, Stephan D, Carpentier W, Rivera S, Khrestchatisky M, Gharib B, De Reggi M, Benech P. Long-Term Pantethine Treatment Counteracts Pathologic Gene Dysregulation and Decreases Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:1237-1254. [PMID: 31267473 PMCID: PMC6985318 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-molecular weight thiol pantethine, known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent, is the major precursor of co-enzyme A. We have previously shown that pantethine treatment reduces amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced IL-1β release and alleviates pathological metabolic changes in primary astrocyte cultures. These properties of pantethine prompted us to investigate its potential benefits in vivo in the 5XFAD (Tg) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).1.5-month-old Tg and wild-type (WT) male mice were submitted to intraperitoneal administration of pantethine or saline control solution for 5.5 months. The effects of such treatments were investigated by performing behavioral tests and evaluating astrogliosis, microgliosis, Αβ deposition, and whole genome expression arrays, using RNAs extracted from the mice hippocampi. We observed that long-term pantethine treatment significantly reduced glial reactivity and Αβ deposition, and abrogated behavioral alteration in Tg mice. Moreover, the transcriptomic profiles revealed that after pantethine treatment, the expression of genes differentially expressed in Tg mice, and in particular those known to be related to AD, were significantly alleviated. Most of the genes overexpressed in Tg compared to WT were involved in inflammation, complement activation, and phagocytosis and were found repressed upon pantethine treatment. In contrast, pantethine restored the expression of a significant number of genes involved in the regulation of Αβ processing and synaptic activities, which were downregulated in Tg mice. Altogether, our data support a beneficial role for long-term pantethine treatment in preserving CNS crucial functions altered by Aβ pathogenesis in Tg mice and highlight the potential efficiency of pantethine to alleviate AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baranger
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Manuel van Gijsel-Bonnello
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Present Address: MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre and School of Life Science - Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Welcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Delphine Stephan
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Wassila Carpentier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, UMS Omique, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bouchra Gharib
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Max De Reggi
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Benech
- CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Huang Z, Lei X, Feng X, Gao S, Wang G, Bian Y, Huang W, Liu Y. Identification of a Heat-Inducible Element of Cysteine Desulfurase Gene Promoter in Lentinula edodes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122223. [PMID: 31197084 PMCID: PMC6632127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organosulfur compounds are the main components that contribute to the unique aroma of dried Lentinula edodes. They are mainly generated during the hot-air drying process, and cysteine desulfurase is the key enzyme in this process. Temperature may be an essential factor of volatile organosulfur compound production by influencing the expression of the cysteine desulfurase gene. In this study, the promoter sequence of the cysteine desulfurase gene (pCS) was cloned and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. A series of 5′deletion fragments and site-directed mutations of pCS were constructed to identify the element that responds to heat stress. Six heat shock transcription factor (HSTF) binding sites were predicted by SCPD (The Promoter Database of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and three of the binding sites were predicted by Yeastract (Yeast Search for Transcriptional Regulators and Consensus Tracking) in pCS. The results indicated that pCS was able to drive the expression of the EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) gene in L. edodes. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity increased after heat stress. The changes in fluorescence intensity of different 5′deletion fragments showed that the heat response region was located between −500 bp and −400 bp in pCS. The site-directed mutation analysis further showed that the heat-inducible element was between −490 bp and −500 bp (TTTCTAGAAT) in pCS. Our results provide molecular insight for studying the formation of volatile organosulfur compounds in dried L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, California State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.
| | - Shuangshuang Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Gangzheng Wang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Plant Science and Technology College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Johnsson A, Xue-Franzén Y, Lundin M, Wright APH. Stress-specific role of fission yeast Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase in programming a subset of stress response genes. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 5:1337-46. [PMID: 16896217 PMCID: PMC1539148 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00101-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gcn5 is a coactivator protein that contributes to gene activation by acetylating specific lysine residues within the N termini of histone proteins. Gcn5 has been intensively studied in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the features of genes that determine whether they require Gcn5 during activation have not been conclusively clarified. To allow comparison with S. cerevisiae, we have studied the genome-wide role of Gcn5 in the distantly related fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that Gcn5 is specifically required for adaptation to KCl- and CaCl(2)-mediated stress in S. pombe. We have characterized the genome-wide gene expression responses to KCl stress and show that Gcn5 is involved in the regulation of a subset of stress response genes. Gcn5 is most clearly associated with KCl-induced genes, but there is no correlation between Gcn5 dependence and the extent of their induction. Instead, Gcn5-dependent KCl-induced genes are specifically enriched in four different DNA motifs. The Gcn5-dependent KCl-induced genes are also associated with biological process gene ontology terms such as carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, and nicotinamide metabolism that together constitute a subset of the ontology parameters associated with KCl-induced genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johnsson
- School of Life Sciences, Södertörns Högskola, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Hashikawa N, Sakurai H. Phosphorylation of the yeast heat shock transcription factor is implicated in gene-specific activation dependent on the architecture of the heat shock element. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:3648-59. [PMID: 15082761 PMCID: PMC387759 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.9.3648-3659.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) binds to the heat shock element (HSE) and regulates transcription, where the divergence of HSE architecture provides gene- and stress-specific responses. The phosphorylation state of HSF, regulated by stress, is involved in the activation and inactivation of the transcription activation function. A domain designated as CTM (C-terminal modulator) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSF is required for the activation of genes containing atypical HSE but not typical HSE. Here, we demonstrate that CTM function is conserved among yeast HSFs and is necessary not only for HSE-specific activation but also for the hyperphosphorylation of HSF upon heat shock. Moreover, both transcription and phosphorylation defects due to CTM mutations were restored concomitantly by a set of intragenic suppressor mutations. Therefore, the hyperphosphorylation of HSF is correlated with the activation of genes with atypical HSE but is not involved in that of genes with typical HSE. The function of CTM was circumvented in an HSF derivative lacking CE2, a yeast-specific repression domain. Taken together, we suggest that CTM alleviates repression by CE2, which allows HSF to be heat-inducibly phosphorylated and presume that phosphorylation is a prerequisite for the activator function of HSF when it binds to an atypical HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hashikawa
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
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Hardy JA, Nelson HC. Proline in alpha-helical kink is required for folding kinetics but not for kinked structure, function, or stability of heat shock transcription factor. Protein Sci 2000; 9:2128-41. [PMID: 11305238 PMCID: PMC2144482 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.11.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-binding domain of the yeast heat shock transcription factor (HSF) contains a strictly conserved proline that is at the center of a kink. To define the role of this conserved proline-centered kink, we replaced the proline with a number of other residues. These substitutions did not diminish the ability of the full-length protein to support growth of yeast or to activate transcription, suggesting that the proline at the center of the kink is not conserved for function. The stability of the isolated mutant DNA-binding domains was unaltered from the wild-type, so the proline is not conserved to maintain the stability of the protein. The crystal structures of two of the mutant DNA-binding domains revealed that the helices in the mutant proteins were still kinked after substitution of the proline, suggesting that the proline does not cause the alpha-helical kink. So why are prolines conserved in this and the majority of other kinked alpha-helices if not for structure, function, or stability? The mutant DNA-binding domains are less soluble than wild-type when overexpressed. In addition, the folding kinetics, as measured by stopped-flow fluorescence, is faster for the mutant proteins. These two results support the premise that the presence of the proline is critical for the folding pathway of HSF's DNA-binding domain. The finding may also be more general and explain why kinked helices maintain their prolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hardy
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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McNeil JB, Agah H, Bentley D. Activated transcription independent of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme in budding yeast. Genes Dev 1998; 12:2510-21. [PMID: 9716404 PMCID: PMC317099 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.16.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the multisubunit holoenzyme complex of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and mediator is universally required for transcription in budding yeast. DeltaCTD Pol II lacking the carboxy-terminal domain of the large subunit cannot assemble with mediator but can still transcribe the CUP1 gene. CUP1 transcripts made by DeltaCTD Pol II initiated correctly and some extended past the normal poly(A) site yielding a novel dicistronic mRNA. Most CUP1 transcripts made by DeltaCTD Pol II were degraded but could be stabilized by deletion of the XRN1 gene. Unlike other genes, transcription of CUP1 and HSP82 also persisted after inactivation of the CTD kinase Kin28 or the mediator subunit Srb4. The upstream-activating sequence (UAS) of the CUP1 promoter was sufficient to drive Cu2+ inducible transcription without Srb4 and heat shock inducible transcription without the CTD. We conclude that the Pol II holoenzyme is not essential for all UAS-dependent activated transcription in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B McNeil
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
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Abstract
Living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, employ specific sensory and signalling systems to obtain and transmit information from their environment in order to adjust cellular metabolism, growth, and development to environmental alterations. Among external factors that trigger such molecular communications are nutrients, ions, drugs and other compounds, and physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. One could consider stress imposed on cells as any disturbance of the normal growth condition and even as any deviation from optimal growth circumstances. It may be worthwhile to distinguish specific and general stress circumstances. Reasoning from this angle, the extensively studied response to heat stress on the one hand is a specific response of cells challenged with supra-optimal temperatures. This response makes use of the sophisticated chaperoning mechanisms playing a role during normal protein folding and turnover. The response is aimed primarily at protection and repair of cellular components and partly at acquisition of heat tolerance. In addition, heat stress conditions induce a general response, in common with other metabolically adverse circumstances leading to physiological perturbations, such as oxidative stress or osmostress. Furthermore, it is obvious that limitation of essential nutrients, such as glucose or amino acids for yeasts, leads to such a metabolic response. The purpose of the general response may be to promote rapid recovery from the stressful condition and resumption of normal growth. This review focuses on the changes in gene expression that occur when cells are challenged by stress, with major emphasis on the transcription factors involved, their cognate promoter elements, and the modulation of their activity upon stress signal transduction. With respect to heat shock-induced changes, a wealth of information on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including yeasts, is available. As far as the concept of the general (metabolic) stress response is concerned, major attention will be paid to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Mager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMBW, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
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Heat shock transcription factor activates yeast metallothionein gene expression in response to heat and glucose starvation via distinct signalling pathways. Mol Cell Biol 1994. [PMID: 7969152 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.12.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins constitute a class of low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding stress proteins which are biosynthetically regulated at the level of gene transcription in response to metals, hormones, cytokines, and other physiological and environmental stresses. In this report, we demonstrate that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein gene, designated CUP1, is transcriptionally activated in response to heat shock and glucose starvation through the action of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) and a heat shock element located within the CUP1 promoter upstream regulatory region. CUP1 gene activation in response to both stresses occurs rapidly; however, heat shock activates CUP1 gene expression transiently, whereas glucose starvation activates CUP1 gene expression in a sustained manner for at least 2.5 h. Although a carboxyl-terminal HSF transcriptional activation domain is critical for the activation of CUP1 transcription in response to both heat shock stress and glucose starvation, this region is dispensable for transient heat shock activation of at least two genes encoding members of the S. cerevisiae hsp70 family. Furthermore, inactivation of the chromosomal SNF1 gene, encoding a serine-threonine protein kinase, or the SNF4 gene, encoding a SNF1 cofactor, abolishes CUP1 transcriptional activation in response to glucose starvation without altering heat shock-induced transcription. These studies demonstrate that the S. cerevisiae HSF responds to multiple, distinct stimuli to activate yeast metallothionein gene transcription and that these stimuli elicit responses through nonidentical, genetically separable signalling pathways.
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Tamai KT, Liu X, Silar P, Sosinowski T, Thiele DJ. Heat shock transcription factor activates yeast metallothionein gene expression in response to heat and glucose starvation via distinct signalling pathways. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:8155-65. [PMID: 7969152 PMCID: PMC359354 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.12.8155-8165.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins constitute a class of low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding stress proteins which are biosynthetically regulated at the level of gene transcription in response to metals, hormones, cytokines, and other physiological and environmental stresses. In this report, we demonstrate that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein gene, designated CUP1, is transcriptionally activated in response to heat shock and glucose starvation through the action of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) and a heat shock element located within the CUP1 promoter upstream regulatory region. CUP1 gene activation in response to both stresses occurs rapidly; however, heat shock activates CUP1 gene expression transiently, whereas glucose starvation activates CUP1 gene expression in a sustained manner for at least 2.5 h. Although a carboxyl-terminal HSF transcriptional activation domain is critical for the activation of CUP1 transcription in response to both heat shock stress and glucose starvation, this region is dispensable for transient heat shock activation of at least two genes encoding members of the S. cerevisiae hsp70 family. Furthermore, inactivation of the chromosomal SNF1 gene, encoding a serine-threonine protein kinase, or the SNF4 gene, encoding a SNF1 cofactor, abolishes CUP1 transcriptional activation in response to glucose starvation without altering heat shock-induced transcription. These studies demonstrate that the S. cerevisiae HSF responds to multiple, distinct stimuli to activate yeast metallothionein gene transcription and that these stimuli elicit responses through nonidentical, genetically separable signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Tamai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0606
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Dhawale SS, Lane AC. Compilation of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins implicated in transcriptional control in fungi. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:5537-46. [PMID: 8284197 PMCID: PMC310513 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.24.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S S Dhawale
- Indiana University, Purdue University at Fort Wayne 46805
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Mager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product binds specifically to catalytically inactive ras proteins in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 1992. [PMID: 1569942 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.5.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic data suggest that the yeast cell cycle control gene CDC25 is an upstream regulator of RAS2. We have been able to show for the first time that the guanine nucleotide exchange proteins Cdc25 and Sdc25 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae bind directly to their targets Ras1 and Ras2 in vivo. Using the characteristics of the yeast Ace1 transcriptional activator to probe for protein-protein interaction, we found that the CDC25 gene product binds specifically to wild-type Ras2 but not to the mutated Ras2Val-19 and Ras2 delta Val-19 proteins. The binding properties of Cdc25 to Ras2 were strongly diminished in yeast cells expressing an inactive Ira1 protein, which normally acts as a negative regulator of Ras activity. On the basis of these data, we propose that the ability of Cdc25 to interact with Ras2 proteins is strongly dependent on the activation state of Ras2. Cdc25 binds predominantly to the catalytically inactive GDP-bound form of Ras2, whereas a conformational change of Ras2 to its activated GTP-bound state results in its loss of binding affinity to Cdc25.
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Munder T, Fürst P. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene product binds specifically to catalytically inactive ras proteins in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:2091-9. [PMID: 1569942 PMCID: PMC364380 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.5.2091-2099.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic data suggest that the yeast cell cycle control gene CDC25 is an upstream regulator of RAS2. We have been able to show for the first time that the guanine nucleotide exchange proteins Cdc25 and Sdc25 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae bind directly to their targets Ras1 and Ras2 in vivo. Using the characteristics of the yeast Ace1 transcriptional activator to probe for protein-protein interaction, we found that the CDC25 gene product binds specifically to wild-type Ras2 but not to the mutated Ras2Val-19 and Ras2 delta Val-19 proteins. The binding properties of Cdc25 to Ras2 were strongly diminished in yeast cells expressing an inactive Ira1 protein, which normally acts as a negative regulator of Ras activity. On the basis of these data, we propose that the ability of Cdc25 to interact with Ras2 proteins is strongly dependent on the activation state of Ras2. Cdc25 binds predominantly to the catalytically inactive GDP-bound form of Ras2, whereas a conformational change of Ras2 to its activated GTP-bound state results in its loss of binding affinity to Cdc25.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Munder
- Department of Biotechnology, CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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