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Sun C, Zhou C, Daneshvar K, Kratkiewicz AJ, Saad AB, Hess A, Chen JY, Pondick JV, York SR, Li W, Moran S, Gentile S, Rahman RU, Li Z, Sparks R, Habboub T, Kim BM, Choi MY, Affo S, Schwabe RF, Popov YV, Mullen AC. Conserved long noncoding RNA TILAM promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in hepatic stellate cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.29.551032. [PMID: 37546982 PMCID: PMC10402143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.29.551032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Fibrosis is the common endpoint for all forms of chronic liver injury, and progression of fibrosis leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic scar. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate the activity of HSCs and may provide targets for fibrotic therapies. Methods We identified lncRNA TILAM as expressed near COL1A1 in human HSCs and performed loss-of-function studies in human HSCs and liver organoids. Transcriptomic analyses of HSCs isolated from mice defined the murine ortholog of TILAM . We then generated Tilam -deficient GFP reporter mice and quantified fibrotic responses to carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDA-HFD). Co-precipitation studies, mass spectrometry, and gene expression analyses identified protein partners of TILAM . Results TILAM is conserved between human and mouse HSCs and regulates expression of ECM proteins, including collagen. Tilam is selectively induced in HSCs during the development of fibrosis in vivo . In both male and female mice, loss of Tilam results in reduced fibrosis in the setting of CCl 4 and CDA-HFD injury models. TILAM interacts with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) to stabilize PML protein levels and promote the fibrotic activity of HSCs. Conclusion TILAM is activated in HSCs and interacts with PML to drive the development of liver fibrosis. Depletion of TILAM may serve as a therapeutic approach to combat the development of end stage liver disease.
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Tello-Flores VA, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Esteban-Casales BE, Navarro-Tito N, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Luciano-Villa CA, Ramírez M, del Moral-Hernández Ó, Flores-Alfaro E. Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7256. [PMID: 34298896 PMCID: PMC8306787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA biomolecules with a length of >200 nt, and they are currently considered to be master regulators of many pathological processes. Recent publications have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of insulin resistance (IR) and glucose homeostasis by regulating inflammatory and lipogenic processes. lncRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to other non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and DNA. In recent years, several mechanisms have been reported to explain the key roles of lncRNAs in the development of IR, including metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), imprinted maternal-ly expressed transcript (H19), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), and steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), and downregulated Expression-Related Hexose/Glucose Transport Enhancer (DREH). LncRNAs participate in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the inflammatory process, and oxidative stress through different pathways, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1/element-binding transcription factor 1c (PTBP1/SREBP-1c), AKT/nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AKT/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK). On the other hand, the mechanisms linked to the molecular, cellular, and biochemical actions of lncRNAs vary according to the tissue, biological species, and the severity of IR. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the role of lncRNAs in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose and lipid metabolism. This review analyzes the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs involved in the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Brenda Ely Esteban-Casales
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico;
| | - Luz del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio de Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Aldair Luciano-Villa
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACyT, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico;
| | - Óscar del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
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Filippova EA, Fridman MV, Burdennyy AM, Loginov VI, Pronina IV, Lukina SS, Dmitriev AA, Braga EA. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 in Breast Cancer: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136810. [PMID: 34202777 PMCID: PMC8267719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as contributors to the development and progression of cancer through various functions and mechanisms. LncRNA GAS5 is downregulated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. GAS5 interacts with various proteins (e.g., E2F1, EZH2, and YAP), DNA (e.g., the insulin receptor promoter), and various microRNAs (miRNAs). In breast cancer, GAS5 binds with miR-21, miR-222, miR-221-3p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-378a-5p that indicates the presence of several elements for miRNA binding (MREs) in GAS5. Mediated by the listed miRNAs, GAS5 is involved in the upregulation of a number of mRNAs of suppressor proteins such as PTEN, PDCD4, DKK2, FOXO1, and SUFU. Furthermore, the aberrant promoter methylation is involved in the regulation of GAS5 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer and some other carcinomas. GAS5 can stimulate apoptosis in breast cancer via diverse pathways, including cell death receptors and mitochondrial signaling pathways. GAS5 is also a key player in the regulation of some crucial signal pathways in breast cancer, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling. Through epigenetic and other mechanisms, GAS5 can increase sensitivity to multiple drugs and improve prognosis. GAS5 is thus a promising target in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Filippova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Marina V. Fridman
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey M. Burdennyy
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Vitaly I. Loginov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Irina V. Pronina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Svetlana S. Lukina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eleonora A. Braga
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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The lncRNA Growth Arrest Specific 5 Regulates Cell Survival via Distinct Structural Modules with Independent Functions. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107933. [PMID: 32697996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the architecture of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-just like that of proteins-is hierarchically organized into independently folding sub-modules with distinct functions. Studies characterizing the cellular activities of such modules, however, are rare. The lncRNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) is a key regulator of cell survival in response to stress and nutrient availability. We use SHAPE-MaP to probe the structure of GAS5 and identify three separate structural modules that act independently in leukemic T cells. The 5' terminal module with low secondary structure content affects basal survival and slows the cell cycle, whereas the highly structured core module mediates the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition on cell growth. These results highlight the central role of GAS5 in regulating cell survival and reveal how a single lncRNA transcript utilizes a modular structure-function relationship to respond to a variety of cellular stresses under various cellular conditions.
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Li C, Wei B, Zhao J. Competing endogenous RNA network analysis explores the key lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in type 1 diabetes. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 33526014 PMCID: PMC7852109 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D, named insulin-dependent diabetes) has a relatively rapid onset and significantly decreases life expectancy. This study is conducted to reveal the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory axises implicated in T1D. METHODS The gene expression profile under GSE55100 (GPL570 and GPL8786 datasets; including 12 T1D samples and 10 normal samples for each dataset) was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Using limma package, the differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs), miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) between T1D and normal samples were analyzed. For the DE-mRNAs, the functional terms were enriched by DAVID tool, and the significant pathways were enriched using gene set enrichment analysis. The interactions among DE-lncRNAs, DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs were predicted using mirwalk and starbase. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis was visualized by Cytoscape. The key genes in the interaction network were verified by quantitatively real-time PCR. RESULTS In comparison to normal samples, 236 DE-mRNAs, 184 DE-lncRNAs, and 45 DE-miRNAs in T1D samples were identified. For the 236 DE-mRNAs, 16 Gene Ontology (GO)_biological process (BP) terms, four GO_cellular component (CC) terms, and 57 significant pathways were enriched. A network involving 36 DE-mRNAs, 8 DE- lncRNAs, and 15 DE-miRNAs was built, such as TRG-AS1-miR-23b/miR-423-PPM1L and GAS5-miR-320a/miR-23b/miR-423-SERPINA1 regulatory axises. Quantitatively real-time PCR successfully validated the expression levels of TRG-AS1- miR-23b -PPM1L and GAS5-miR-320a- SERPINA1. CONCLUSION TRG-AS1-miR-23b-PPM1L and GAS5-miR-320a-SERPINA1 regulatory axises might impact the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Departments of VIP Unit, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Bo Wei
- Departments of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Ni S, Liu S. LncRNA GAS5 Suppressed Proliferation and Promoted Apoptosis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting MiR-26a-5p and Modifying ULK2. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:871-887. [PMID: 33551645 PMCID: PMC7856352 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long noncoding RNAs growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) exerts important functions in modulating various tumor behaviors. However, the role of lncRNA GAS5 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown. Materials and Methods Cell viability and apoptosis were, respectively, detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry, DIANA-LncBase V, Starbase, TargetScan and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were employed to assess the relationship among GAS5, miR-26a-5p and uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1 (ULK2), and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of autophagy-relative factors. Results The expression level of GAS5 was frequently decreased in LSCC cell lines, and up-regulated GAS5 inhibited AMC-HN-8 cells viability and induced apoptosis. More importantly, we found that GAS5 activated autophagy, with enhanced autophagy-related proteins after GAS5 overexpression. While down-regulated GAS5 had opposite results in Tu 177 cells, GAS5 was found to act as a microRNA sponge in a pathway to regulate miR-26a-5p and its target gene ULK2. MiR-26a-5p mimics inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, which were reversed by GAS5 and siGAS5 in AMC-HN-8 cells and Tu 177 cells, as well as ULK2 in AMC-HN-8 cells. Meanwhile, the concomitant downregulation of ULK2 and miRNA-26a-5p inhibitor decreased the miRNA-26a-5p inhibitor-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion This is the first report of LncRNA GAS5 acting as a tumor suppressor in LSCC by regulating the miR-26a-5p/ULK2 axis, and it could be a new target for gene therapy in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Ni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
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Yang X, Meng L, Zhong Y, Hu F, Wang L, Wang M. The long intergenic noncoding RNA GAS5 reduces cisplatin-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer through the miR-217/LHPP axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:2864-2884. [PMID: 33418541 PMCID: PMC7880381 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to exert their effects to tumor progression. In this study, the role of the lncRNA GAS5 (growth arrest specific 5) was confirmed in reducing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cisplatin (DDP) resistance. In NSCLC tissue samples, GAS5 expression decreased significantly. Low GAS5 levels were positively correlated with NSCLC characteristics including TNM, tumor size and lymphatic metastasis. Functionally, GAS5 significantly reduced NSCLC/DDP cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in vitro. In vivo, GAS5 upregulation inhibited remarkably NSCLC/DDP cell tumor growth. Mechanism analysis suggested that GAS5 was a molecular sponge of miR-217, inhibiting the expression of phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP). In conclusion, this study reveals that the GAS5/miR-217/LHPP pathway reduces NSCLC cisplatin resistance and that LHPP may serve as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuang Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqing Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhu J, Guo C, Lu P, Shao S, Tu B. Contribution of Growth Arrest-Specific 5/miR-674 to the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis Regulation Effect by Electroacupuncture following Trauma. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:137-149. [PMID: 34098562 DOI: 10.1159/000513385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) can improve trauma-induced hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) hyperactivity. However, the mechanism underlying the EA effect has not been fully understood. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study was undertaken to explore the role of hypothalamic growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) in the regulation of EA on HPA axis function post-surgery. Paraventricular nuclear Gas5 levels were upregulated in rats using an intracerebroventricular injection of pAAV-Gas5. Primary hypothalamic neurons and 293T cells were cultured for miRNA and siRNAs detection. Radioimmunoassay, PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used for HPA axis function evaluation. RESULTS The overexpression of Gas5 abolished the effect of EA on the regulation of trauma-induced HPA axis hyperactivity. Using a bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay, we determined that miRNA-674 was a target of Gas5. Additionally, miRNA-674 levels were found to have decreased in trauma rats, and this effect was reversed after EA intervention. TargetScan analysis showed that serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) were targets of miR-674. Moreover, we found that SGK1 protein levels increased in trauma rats and SGK1 expression inhibition alleviated HPA axis abnormality post-surgery. EA could improve the number of hypothalamus iba-1 positive cells and hypothalamic interleukin 1 beta protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the involvement of the hypothalamic Gas5/miRNA-674/SGK1 signaling pathway in EA regulation of HPA axis function after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Lu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuijin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Andrade S, Morais T, Sandovici I, Seabra AL, Constância M, Monteiro MP. Adipose Tissue Epigenetic Profile in Obesity-Related Dysglycemia - A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681649. [PMID: 34290669 PMCID: PMC8288106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for dysglycemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is wide phenotypic variation in metabolic profiles. Tissue-specific epigenetic modifications could be partially accountable for the observed phenotypic variability. SCOPE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on epigenetic signatures in human adipose tissue (AT) that characterize overweight or obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and dysglycemia states and to identify potential underlying mechanisms through the use of unbiased bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Original data published in the last decade concerning the comparison of epigenetic marks in human AT of individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHO) versus normal weight individuals or individuals with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) was assessed. Furthermore, association of these epigenetic marks with IR/dysglycemic traits, including T2D, was compiled. RESULTS We catalogued more than two thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs; above the cut-off of 5%) in the AT of individuals with MUHO compared to individuals with MHO. These DNA methylation changes were less likely to occur around the promoter regions and were enriched at loci implicated in intracellular signaling (signal transduction mediated by small GTPases, ERK1/2 signaling and intracellular trafficking). We also identified a network of seven transcription factors that may play an important role in targeting DNA methylation changes to specific genes in the AT of subjects with MUHO, contributing to the pathogeny of obesity-related IR/T2D. Furthermore, we found differentially methylated CpG sites at 8 genes that were present in AT and whole blood, suggesting that DMRs in whole blood could be potentially used as accessible biomarkers of MUHO. CONCLUSIONS The overall evidence linking epigenetic alterations in key tissues such AT to metabolic complications in human obesity is still very limited, highlighting the need for further studies, particularly those focusing on epigenetic marks other than DNA methylation. Our initial analysis suggests that DNA methylation patterns can potentially discriminate between MUHO from MHO and provide new clues into why some people with obesity are less susceptible to dysglycemia. Identifying AT-specific epigenetic targets could also lead to novel approaches to modify the progression of individuals with obesity towards metabolic disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021227237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andrade
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Morais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre L. Seabra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Constância
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Mariana P. Monteiro,
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Lambrou GI, Hatziagapiou K, Zaravinos A. The Non-Coding RNA GAS5 and Its Role in Tumor Therapy-Induced Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207633. [PMID: 33076450 PMCID: PMC7588928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a >200-nt lncRNA molecule that regulates several cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, across different types of human cancers. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the expression of GAS5 in leukemia, cervical, breast, ovarian, prostate, urinary bladder, lung, gastric, colorectal, liver, osteosarcoma and brain cancers, as well as its interaction with various miRNAs and its effect on therapy-related resistance in these malignancies. The general consensus is that GAS5 acts as a tumor suppressor across different tumor types and that its up-regulation results in tumor sensitization to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. GAS5 seems to play a previously unappreciated, but significant role in tumor therapy-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (G.I.L.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-7467427 (G.I.L.); +974-4403-7819 (A.Z.)
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: (G.I.L.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-7467427 (G.I.L.); +974-4403-7819 (A.Z.)
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11
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Yu H, Cheng Y, Li W, Li Z, Wu P, Qiu S, Zeng B, Huang B. A novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA network for uveal melanoma prognosis constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Life Sci 2020; 260:118409. [PMID: 32926921 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common and aggressive intraocular tumor in adults, and long-term survival of UM patients remains poor. Abnormal competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks promote the initiation and progression of many tumors and may thus serve as useful prognostic indicators. Here, we do a comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA ceRNA networks as prognostic markers for UM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas UM dataset was used to identify survival-related mRNA and lncRNA modules through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Prognostic miRNAs were identified using univariate Cox proportional hazard regression. We then used Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to screen for prognostic hub mRNAs and establish a hub ceRNA network. A nomogram of five hub mRNAs was constructed and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis performed. KEY FINDINGS Six mRNA modules were constructed, two of which involved 1490 mRNAs that significantly correlated with survival. Among the three lncRNA modules constructed, one involved 199 survival-related lncRNAs. Five hub prognostic mRNAs were identified and a hub ceRNA network constructed, consisting of six lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and five mRNAs, with high prognostic value. SIGNIFICANCE We describe a hub ceRNA network of survival-associated lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNA that may underlie a critical post-translational regulatory mechanism determining UM aggression. These hub RNAs may be valuable prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Peixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Sujuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Baozhu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Torroglosa A, Villalba-Benito L, Fernández RM, Luzón-Toro B, Moya-Jiménez MJ, Antiñolo G, Borrego S. Identification of New Potential LncRNA Biomarkers in Hirschsprung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155534. [PMID: 32748823 PMCID: PMC7432910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a neurocristopathy defined by intestinal aganglionosis due to alterations during the development of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). A wide spectrum of molecules involved in different signaling pathways and mechanisms have been described in HSCR onset. Among them, epigenetic mechanisms are gaining increasing relevance. In an effort to better understand the epigenetic basis of HSCR, we have performed an analysis for the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) by qRT-PCR in enteric precursor cells (EPCs) from controls and HSCR patients. We aimed to test the presence of a set lncRNAs among 84 lncRNAs in human EPCs, which were previously related with crucial cellular processes for ENS development, as well as to identify the possible differences between HSCR patients and controls. As a result, we have determined a set of lncRNAs with positive expression in human EPCs that were screened for mutations using the exome data from our cohort of HSCR patients to identify possible variants related to this pathology. Interestingly, we identified three lncRNAs with different levels of their transcripts (SOCS2-AS, MEG3 and NEAT1) between HSCR patients and controls. We propose such lncRNAs as possible regulatory elements implicated in the onset of HSCR as well as potential biomarkers of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torroglosa
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.T.); (L.V.-B.); (R.M.F.); (B.L.-T.); (G.A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Leticia Villalba-Benito
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.T.); (L.V.-B.); (R.M.F.); (B.L.-T.); (G.A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel María Fernández
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.T.); (L.V.-B.); (R.M.F.); (B.L.-T.); (G.A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Berta Luzón-Toro
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.T.); (L.V.-B.); (R.M.F.); (B.L.-T.); (G.A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María José Moya-Jiménez
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.T.); (L.V.-B.); (R.M.F.); (B.L.-T.); (G.A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.T.); (L.V.-B.); (R.M.F.); (B.L.-T.); (G.A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence:
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13
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Nakamichi R, Kurimoto R, Tabata Y, Asahara H. Transcriptional, epigenetic and microRNA regulation of growth plate. Bone 2020; 137:115434. [PMID: 32422296 PMCID: PMC7387102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a critical event in bone formation, particularly in long shaft bones. Many cellular differentiation processes work in concert to facilitate the generation of cartilage primordium to formation of trabecular structures, all of which occur within the growth plate. Previous studies have revealed that the growth plate is tightly regulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs. Hence, understanding these mechanisms that regulate the growth plate is crucial to furthering the current understanding on skeletal diseases, and in formulating effective treatment strategies. In this review, we focus on describing the function and mechanisms of the transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs known to regulate the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hirosi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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14
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Yang X, Xie Z, Lei X, Gan R. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 in human cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2587-2594. [PMID: 32782576 PMCID: PMC7400976 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a group of >200-nucleotide ncRNA molecules. lncRNAs regulate several cell functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in human malignancies, where they suppress or promote tumor growth. The present study focused on growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), a well-known lncRNA that acts as a tumor suppressor but is suppressed in multiple types of cancer, including mammary carcinoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, gliomas, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma, endometrial cancer and liver cancer. Notably, GAS5 is overexpressed in liver cancer, potentially functioning as an oncogene. In the present study, the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of GAS5 in different tumors were reviewed, with a summary of the potential clinical application of the lncRNA, which may help identify novel study directions for GAS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Runliang Gan
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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15
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Yang Q, Han Y, Liu P, Huang Y, Li X, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating GDF5 and p38/JNK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:701. [PMID: 32508644 PMCID: PMC7251029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both extracellular matrix (ECM) and stem cells contribute to the formation of bones. Accumulating evidence proved that the growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) plays a vital role in ECM osteogenesis regulation; the use of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) may contribute to alveolar bone regeneration. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) serves as a regulator in the growing process of cellular organisms including bone formation. Previous efforts has led us to the discovery that the expression of growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) changed in the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Moreover, the expression of GAS5, as it turns out, is correlated to GDF5. This study attempts to investigate the inner workings of GAS5 in its regulation of osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Cell transfection, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red S (ARS) staining, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining analysis and western blotting were employed in this study. It came to our notice that GAS5 and GDF5 expression increased during osteogenesis induction of hPDLSCs. Knocking down of GAS5 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, whereas overexpressing GAS5 promoted these effects. Molecular mechanism study further demonstrated that overexpressing GAS5 bolsters GDF5 expression and boosts the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 in hPDLSCs, with opposite effects in GAS5 knockdown group. To sum up, long noncoding RNA GAS5 serves to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs via GDF5 and p38/JNK signaling pathway. Our findings expand the theoretical understanding of the osteogenesis mechanism in hPDLSCs, providing new insights into the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yineng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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16
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Li Y, Li G, Guo X, Yao H, Wang G, Li C. Non-coding RNA in bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 485:38-44. [PMID: 32437725 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer worldwide and has been associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the treatment of bladder cancer is based on well-defined tumor classifications and gradings, patients still experience different clinical response. The heterogeneity of this disease calls for substantial research with more in-depth molecular characterization, with the hope of identifying new diagnostic and treatment options. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were found to be associated with bladder cancer occurrence and development. This review highlights the recent findings concerning ncRNAs and their relevance to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. This may provide a foundation for developing highly specific diagnostic tools and more robust therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Yao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University (JUT), Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University (JUT), Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBPCAS), Beijing, China; Beijing Jianlan Institute of Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Zhongke Jianlan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
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17
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Zhu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhao Y. The regulatory network among CircHIPK3, LncGAS5, and miR-495 promotes Th2 differentiation in allergic rhinitis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:216. [PMID: 32242002 PMCID: PMC7118158 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disease which is characterized by the promotion of Th2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. However, the mechanisms underlying Th2 differentiation remain unclear. Non-coding RNAs play a critical role in Th2 differentiation, whereas few studies have revealed the interactions among long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and microRNAs. In this study, the differential expressions of several circRNAs and lncRNAs were compared in nasal mucosa samples of AR patients and mice with experimentally induced AR as compared to healthy controls. The results showed that the highly expressed CircHIPK3 and LncGAS5 promoted Th2 differentiation of ovalbumin-induced CD4+ T cells and aggravated nasal symptoms of AR mice. We also found that CircHIPK3 and LncGAS5 induced the upregulation of Th2 cell-specific transcript factor GATA-3 via modulating their common target miR-495. Meanwhile, the intranasal administration of CircHIPK3 or LncGAS5 knockdown lentivirus decreased nasal symptoms of AR mice. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the interactions among CircHIPK3, LncGAS5, and miR-495 play a critical role in the regulation of Th2 differentiation in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Xueping Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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18
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Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:163-180. [PMID: 32285411 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and with the dramatically increasing numbers of heart failure patients in the next 10 years, mortality will only increase [1]. For patients with end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation is the sole option. Regrettably, the number of available donor hearts is drastically lower than the number of patients waiting for heart transplantation. Despite evidence of cardiomyocyte renewal in adult human hearts, regeneration of functional myocardium after injury can be neglected. The limited regenerative capacity due to inadequate proliferation of existing cardiomyocytes is insufficient to repopulate areas of lost myocardium [2]. As a solution, the hypothesis that adult stem cells could be employed to generate functional cardiomyocytes was proposed. One of the early studies that supported this hypothesis involved direct injection of hematopoietic c-kit-positive cells derived from bone marrow into the infarcted heart [3]. However, in sharp contrast, more recent evidence emerged demonstrating that these hematopoietic stem cells only differentiate into cells down the hematopoietic lineage rather than into cardiomyocytes [4, 5], and the focus shifted towards stem cells residing in the heart, called cardiac progenitor cells. These CPCs were extracted and injected into the myocardium to regenerate the heart [6]. In recent years, over 80 pre-clinical studies employing cardiac stem cells in vivo in large and small animals to evaluate the effect on functional parameters were systematically reviewed, identifying differences between large and small animals [7]. Despite the positive outcome of these stem cell therapies on functional parameters, c-kit-positive cardiac progenitor cells were shown to contribute minimally to the generation of functional cardiomyocytes [8, 9]. This heavily debated topic is summarized concisely by van Berlo and Molkentin [10]. Recently, single-cell sequencing and genetic lineage tracing of proliferative cells in the murine heart in both homeostatic and regenerating conditions did not yield a quiescent cardiac stem cell population or other cell types that support transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes, nor did it support proliferation of cardiac myocytes [11, 12]. Now, the focus is shifting towards exploiting the limited regenerative capacity of the cardiomyocytes themselves, by re-activating proliferation of existing cardiomyocytes through dedifferentiation, reentry into the cell cycle, and cytokinesis. This process is the new focus of research to promote cardiac regeneration, and can be controlled on multiple levels, including cell-cycle manipulation, reprogramming, small molecules, extra-cellular matrix (ECM), proteins, and RNA regulation [13].
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Zhu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Exosomal long non-coding RNA GAS5 suppresses Th1 differentiation and promotes Th2 differentiation via downregulating EZH2 and T-bet in allergic rhinitis. Mol Immunol 2019; 118:30-39. [PMID: 31841965 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of helper T cell (Th) 1/Th2 differentiation is involved in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). Recent studies reveal the regulatory function of exosomes on Th1/Th2 differentiation. However, the key mediator in exosomes that modulate such response remains unclear. In this study, the expression of long-noncoding RNA GAS5 (LncGAS5) was detected in exosomes which were isolated from AR patient nasal mucus (AR-EXO) and ovalbumin (OVA)-stimulated nasal epithelial cells (OVA-EXO). Th1/Th2 differentiation was induced in naïve CD4+ T cells, and the percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells (Th1 cells) and IL-4 expressing cells (Th2 cells) was detected using flow cytometry. The result showed that LncGAS5 was upregulated in AR epithelial samples, AR-EXO, and OVA-EXO. The coincubation of AR-EXO and CD4+ T cells suppressed Th1 differentiation and promoted Th2 differentiation, which is mediated by LncGAS5 in AR-EXO. The LncGAS5 in AR-EXO inhibited transcription and expression of EZH2, and it also inhibited T-bet expression at mRNA and protein levels. The gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments suggested that LncGAS5 mediates Th1/Th2 differentiation partly through downregulating T-bet and EZH2. In summary, our findings demonstrated that LncGAS5 in AR epithelium-derived exosomes is the key mediator in Th1/Th2 differentiation, providing a possible therapeutic target of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Xueping Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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20
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Wang W, Jia YJ, Yang YL, Xue M, Zheng ZJ, Wang L, Xue YM. LncRNA GAS5 exacerbates renal tubular epithelial fibrosis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-96-5p. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109411. [PMID: 31810140 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is at the core of various renal diseases, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known players in the regulation of renal fibrosis. However, their expression and function in DKD still need to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to assess how lncRNA GAS5 regulates fibrosis and its mechanism in TGF-β1-treated renal proximal tubular cell.In this study, the lncRNA GAS5 was upregulated in both TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells and the kidneys of HDF/STZ mice. Knockdown of GAS5 relieved renal tubular epithelial fibrosis. This effect was mediated by the downregulation and functional inactivation of miR-96-5p. Furthermore, miR-96-5p was downregulated in DKD mice, and this downregulation attenuated the repression of FN1(fibronectin, FN) and led to its upregulation. The decrease in miR-96-5p was partially attributed to the miRNA-sponge action of GAS5.Our research demonstrates that knockdown of lncRNA GAS5 leads to antifibrosis by competitively binding miR-96-5p, which inhibits the expression of FN1. These results indicate that targeting lncRNA GAS5 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Jie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zong-Ji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Ming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Downregulation of LncRNA GAS5 promotes liver cancer proliferation and drug resistance by decreasing PTEN expression. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:251-260. [PMID: 31705194 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function roles of lncRNAs growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) and its underlying molecular mechanism in the development of HCC. qRT-PCR was used to detect GAS5, miR-21, and PTEN levels. MTT, cell counting assays, and xenograft mouse model were applied to measure cell proliferation rate in vitro and in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay and RNA immune-precipitation assay were introduced to evaluate the relationship between GAS5 and miR-21. We found that GAS5 was downregulated in HCC cell lines and tumor tissues. Knockdown of GAS5 enhanced HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and increased HCC cell resistance to doxorubicin. GAS5 acted as a sponge for miR-21 silencing and consequently led to the elevation of PTEN expression. Our data demonstrated that GAS5 functioned as a tumor suppressor role in HCC through regulation of miR-21-PTEN singling pathways, suggesting a potential application of GAS5 in HCC therapy.
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22
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Wu N, Zhang X, Bao Y, Yu H, Jia D, Ma C. Down-regulation of GAS5 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via the miR-335/ROCK1/AKT/GSK-3β axis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8420-8431. [PMID: 31625671 PMCID: PMC6850918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5), along non‐coding RNA (LncRNA), is highly expressed in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐cardiomyocytes and promotes H/R‐induced apoptosis. In this study, we determined whether down‐regulation of GAS5 ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and further explored its mechanism. GAS5 expression in cardiomyocytes and rats was knockdown by transfected or injected with GAS5‐specific small interfering RNA or adeno‐associated virus delivering small hairpin RNAs, respectively. The effects of GAS5 knockdown on myocardial I/R injury were detected by CCK‐8, myocardial enzyme test, flow cytometry, TTC and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining. qRT‐PCR and luciferase reporter assay were carried out to analyse the relationship between GAS5 and miR‐335. The regulation of GAS5 on Rho‐associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression, the activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β pathway and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was further evaluated. The results indicated that GAS5 knockdown enhanced the viability, decreased apoptosis and reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase‐MB in H/R‐treatment cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, down‐regulation of GAS5 limited myocardial infarct size and reduced apoptosis in I/R‐heart. GAS5 was found to bind to miR‐335 and displayed a reciprocal inhibition between them. Furthermore, GAS5 knockdown repressed ROCK1 expression, activated PI3K/AKT, thereby leading to inhibition of GSK‐3β and mPTP opening. These suppressions were abrogated by miR‐335 inhibitor treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that down‐regulation of GAS5 ameliorates myocardial I/R injury via the miR‐335/ROCK1/AKT/GSK‐3β axis. Our findings suggested that GAS5 may be a new therapeutic target for the prevention of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- The Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yandong Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Janaki Ramaiah M, Divyapriya K, Kartik Kumar S, Rajesh YBRD. Drug-induced modifications and modulations of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs for future therapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Gene 2019; 723:144126. [PMID: 31589963 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are known to participate in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis by regulating the status of chromatin epigenetics and gene expression. Although these non-coding RNAs do not possess defined protein-coding potential, they are involved in the expression and stability of messenger RNA (mRNA). The length of microRNAs (miRs) ranges between 20 and 22 nt, whereas, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) length ranges between 200 nt to 1 Kb. In the case of circular RNAs (circRNAs), the size varies depending upon the length of the exon from where they were derived. Epigenetic regulations of miR and lncRNA genes will influence the gene expression by modulating histone acetylation and methylation patterns. Especially, lncRNAs will act as a scaffold for various epigenetic proteins, such as EZH2 and LSD1, and influence the chromatin epigenetic state at various genomic loci involved at silencing. Thus investigations on the expression of lncRNAs and designing drugs to modulate the expression of these genes will have a profound impact on future therapeutics against cancers such as Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and also against various other diseases. With the recent advancements in genome-wide transcriptomic studies, scientists are focused on the non-coding RNAs and their regulations on various cellular processes involved in GBM and on other types of cancer as well as trying to understand possible epigenetic modulations that help in generating promising therapeutics for the future generations. In this review, the involvement of epigenetic proteins, enzymes that change chromatin architecture and epigenetic landscape and new roles of lncRNAs that are involved in GBM progression are elaborately discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthikeyan Divyapriya
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarwareddy Kartik Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y B R D Rajesh
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Goustin AS, Thepsuwan P, Kosir MA, Lipovich L. The Growth-Arrest-Specific ( GAS)-5 Long Non-Coding RNA: A Fascinating lncRNA Widely Expressed in Cancers. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5030046. [PMID: 31533355 PMCID: PMC6789762 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes encode non-messenger RNAs that lack open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 nucleotides, lack evolutionary conservation in their shorter ORFs, and do not belong to any classical non-coding RNA category. LncRNA genes equal, or exceed in number, protein-coding genes in mammalian genomes. Most mammalian genomes harbor ~20,000 protein-coding genes that give rise to conventional messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts. These coding genes exhibit sweeping evolutionary conservation in their ORFs. LncRNAs function via different mechanisms, including but not limited to: (1) serving as “enhancer” RNAs regulating nearby coding genes in cis; (2) functioning as scaffolds to create ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes; (3) serving as sponges for microRNAs; (4) acting as ribo-mimics of consensus transcription factor binding sites in genomic DNA; (5) hybridizing to other nucleic acids (mRNAs and genomic DNA); and, rarely, (6) as templates encoding small open reading frames (smORFs) that may encode short proteins. Any given lncRNA may have more than one of these functions. This review focuses on one fascinating case—the growth-arrest-specific (GAS)-5 gene, encoding a complicated repertoire of alternatively-spliced lncRNA isoforms. GAS5 is also a host gene of numerous small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, which are processed from its introns. Publications about this lncRNA date back over three decades, covering its role in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cancer. The GAS5 story has drawn in contributions from prominent molecular geneticists who attempted to define its tumor suppressor function in mechanistic terms. The evidence suggests that rodent Gas5 and human GAS5 functions may be different, despite the conserved multi-exonic architecture featuring intronic snoRNAs, and positional conservation on syntenic chromosomal regions indicating that the rodent Gas5 gene is the true ortholog of the GAS5 gene in man and other apes. There is no single answer to the molecular mechanism of GAS5 action. Our goal here is to summarize competing, not mutually exclusive, mechanistic explanations of GAS5 function that have compelling experimental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Scott Goustin
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Pattaraporn Thepsuwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | | | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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25
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Chi Y, Wang D, Wang J, Yu W, Yang J. Long Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091015. [PMID: 31480503 PMCID: PMC6770362 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of cancer has been quickly increasing in the past decades. At present, cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Most of the cancers cannot be effectively diagnosed at the early stage. Although there are multiple therapeutic treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs, their effectiveness is still limited. The overall survival rate of malignant cancers is still low. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms for malignant cancers, and explore new biomarkers and targets that are more sensitive and effective for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancers than traditional biomarkers and methods. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Generally, lncRNAs are not capable of encoding proteins or peptides. LncRNAs exert diverse biological functions by regulating gene expressions and functions at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that the dysregulated lncRNA profile is widely involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, lncRNAs have been revealed to play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Many lncRNAs have been shown to be potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of some important lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of certain malignant cancers, including lung, breast, liver, and colorectal cancers, as well as hematological malignancies and neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China.
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26
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Li C, Lv Y, Shao C, Chen C, Zhang T, Wei Y, Fan H, Lv T, Liu H, Song Y. Tumor-derived exosomal lncRNA GAS5 as a biomarker for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer diagnosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20721-20727. [PMID: 31032916 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment at an early stage may improve survival of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have found that long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is essential to cancer progression. However, the expression and diagnostic value of GAS5 in exosomes (Exo-GAS5) remain unclear. One hundred and four participants were enrolled, including subjects with NSCLC (n = 64) and healthy subjects ( n = 40). The total Exosome Isolation Kit was applied to isolate exosomes from serum. Total RNA was extracted and the AS5 expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of Exo-GAS5 in NSCLC. Our data indicated that the Exo-GAS5 was downregulated in patients with NSCLC compared with healthy controls ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with NSCLC with larger tumor size ( p = 0.025) and advanced TNM (T: extent of the primary tumor; N: lymph node involvement; M: metastatic disease) classification ( p = 0.047) showed lower Exo-GAS5 expression. ROC curve analysis using Exo-GAS5 combined with carcinoembryonic antigen showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.929. Exo-GAS5 could be used to distinguish patients with Stage I NSCLC with an AUC of 0.822. In conclusion, Exo-GAS5 may function as an ideal noninvasive serum-based marker for identifying patients with early NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenye Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jingling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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27
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Shi Y, Parag S, Patel R, Lui A, Murr M, Cai J, Patel NA. Stabilization of lncRNA GAS5 by a Small Molecule and Its Implications in Diabetic Adipocytes. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:319-330.e6. [PMID: 30661991 PMCID: PMC10498384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are regulatory RNAs >200 nt. We previously showed that lncRNA GAS5 decreases significantly in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Hence, we sought to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of GAS5 in T2DM in adipose tissue. Using CHIP-RIP, we demonstrate that GAS5 binds to promoter of insulin receptor to regulate its expression, and its depletion inhibits glucose uptake and insulin signaling. Toward stabilizing GAS5 levels in T2DM, we incorporated a strategy to limit the degradation of GAS5 by blocking the interaction of GAS5 and UPF1 with a small molecule identified using OBTC screening strategy. NP-C86 binds to GAS5 with high affinity, and increases GAS5 levels and glucose uptake in diabetic patient adipocytes. As a broader impact, NP-C86 may be used as a molecular probe to investigate the intricacies of GAS5 in relevant biological systems as it offers specificity, efficient cellular uptake and is non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Sajan Parag
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ashley Lui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Michel Murr
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Niketa A Patel
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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28
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Turner AW, Wong D, Khan MD, Dreisbach CN, Palmore M, Miller CL. Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Long Non-coding RNA Function in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:9. [PMID: 30838214 PMCID: PMC6389617 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease of the vessel wall involving the interplay of multiple cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of next generation sequencing technologies have rapidly expanded the number of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts predicted to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight several lncRNAs whose functional role in atherosclerosis is well-documented through traditional biochemical approaches as well as those identified through RNA-sequencing and other high-throughput assays. We describe novel genomics approaches to study both evolutionarily conserved and divergent lncRNA functions and interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins. We also highlight assays to resolve the complex spatial and temporal regulation of lncRNAs. Finally, we summarize the latest suite of computational tools designed to improve genomic and functional annotation of these transcripts in the human genome. Deep characterization of lncRNAs is fundamental to unravel coronary atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, as these regulatory molecules represent a new class of potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic markers to mitigate both genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad Daud Khan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Caitlin N. Dreisbach
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Meredith Palmore
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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29
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Altered expression of long non-coding RNA GAS5 in digestive tumors. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180789. [PMID: 30606744 PMCID: PMC6340949 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most important diseases that affect human health and life. The effects of cancer in the digestive system are particularly prominent. Recently, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has attracted the attention of more and more researchers and has become an emerging field of gene research. The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is a novel lncRNA that has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years and plays an important role in the development of tumors, especially in digestive system tumors. GAS5 was first identified in a mouse cDNA library. It was generally considered that it has the role of tumor suppressor genes, but there are still studies that have a certain ability to promote cancer. Furthermore, the 5-bp indel polymorphism (rs145204276) in the GAS5 promoter region also has a carcinogenic effect. The discovery of GAS5 and in-depth study of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mechanism can provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of digestive system tumors.
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30
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GAS5 Regulates RECK Expression and Inhibits Invasion Potential of HCC Cells by Sponging miR-135b. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2973289. [PMID: 30733959 PMCID: PMC6348854 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2973289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has been characterized as a tumor suppressor in numerous kinds of human cancers. Its anticancer function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) includes repression of cell proliferation and metastasis, leaving the internal mechanisms unclear. In this study, we intended to examine the anti-invasion effects of GAS5 on HCC and explore the downstream regulatory mechanisms. Methods Expression of GAS5 and microRNA-135b (miR-135b) was analyzed by qRT-PCR in paired HCC tissue samples. Their correlation with HCC patients' survival was determined. Transwell assays were done to evaluate in vitro invasion ability. Targeting of GAS5 and RECK by miR-135b was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blot, and luciferase reporter assays. Results Decreased GAS5 and increased miR-135b in HCC inversely correlate with each other and both correlate with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Functionally, GAS5 suppresses while miR-135b promotes HCC cell invasion capacities in vitro. Mechanistically, GAS5 is a target of miR-135b. Furthermore, GAS5 positively regulates expression of RECK, also a target of miR-135b, which further inhibits MMP-2 expression and contributes to invasion repression. Conclusion GAS5 acted as a tumor suppressor in HCC invasion in a competing endogenous RNA manner. Our findings indicate that GAS5 is a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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31
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Goudarzi M, Berg K, Pieper LM, Schier AF. Individual long non-coding RNAs have no overt functions in zebrafish embryogenesis, viability and fertility. eLife 2019; 8:40815. [PMID: 30620332 PMCID: PMC6347452 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as potential regulators of gene expression, but their functions remain largely unknown. To study the role of lncRNAs during vertebrate development, we selected 25 zebrafish lncRNAs based on their conservation, expression profile or proximity to developmental regulators, and used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate 32 deletion alleles. We observed altered transcription of neighboring genes in some mutants, but none of the lncRNAs were required for embryogenesis, viability or fertility. Even RNAs with previously proposed non-coding functions (cyrano and squint) and other conserved lncRNAs (gas5 and lnc-setd1ba) were dispensable. In one case (lnc-phox2bb), absence of putative DNA regulatory-elements, but not of the lncRNA transcript itself, resulted in abnormal development. LncRNAs might have redundant, subtle, or context-dependent roles, but extrapolation from our results suggests that the majority of individual zebrafish lncRNAs have no overt roles in embryogenesis, viability and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kathryn Berg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lindsey M Pieper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alexander F Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Guo T, Li J, Zhang L, Hou W, Wang R, Zhang J, Gao P. Multidimensional communication of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:31-48. [PMID: 30417217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been a hot topic for many years in the field of cancer research, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs. Because they play critical roles in regulating various cellular processes and are more often involved in tumorigenesis than protein-coding genes. But the cross talk between miRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer has been scarcely studied. This article aims to provide a retrospective review of the latest research on the link between miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung cancer and discusses their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer in clinical practice. METHODS We reviewed literatures about ncRNAs and lung cancer from PUBMED databases in this article. RESULTS As shown in our review, miRNAs and lncRNAs could represent underlying targets for diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, and drug resistence of lung cancer. By acting as ceRNAs, lncRNAs can competitively inhibit the expression levels of miRNAs, and the lncRNA/miRNA axis can contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and mutidrug resistance in lung cancer via various classic signaling pathways or related proteins. CONCLUSION Based on present knowledge, ncRNAs may provide a novel perspective to understand the pathogenesis of lung cancer and could be candidates in screening of therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, P.R. China.
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Yue Q, Zhao C, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhu Q, Li G, Wu N, Jia D, Ma C. Downregulation of growth arrest‑specific transcript 5 alleviates palmitic acid‑induced myocardial inflammatory injury through the miR‑26a/HMGB1/NF‑κB axis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5742-5750. [PMID: 30365114 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) can induce lipotoxic damage to cardiomyocytes, although its precise mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated. Growth arrest‑specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a long noncoding RNA that serves a regulatory role in several pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, stroke, cardiac fibrosis and osteoarthritis; however, its role in PA‑induced myocardial injury remains elusive. The present study aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of GAS5 on PA‑induced myocardial injury. The expression of GAS5 in PA‑treated cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), and its effects on PA‑induced myocardial injury were measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The activities of cytokines and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB were also detected by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay, while interactions between GAS5 and microRNA (miR)‑26a were evaluated by luciferase reporter assay and RT‑qPCR. The regulation of GAS5 on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression was detected by RT‑qPCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that GAS5 was significantly upregulated in cardiomyocytes following treatment with PA. GAS5‑knockdown increased the viability of PA‑treated cardiomyocytes and reduced the activity of LDH, tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1β. Furthermore, the present study identified that GAS5 specifically binds to miR‑26a, and a reciprocal negative regulation exists between the two. The present study also demonstrated that GAS5 downregulation inhibited HMGB1 expression and NF‑κB activation, while these suppressive effects were mediated by miR‑26a. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PA can induce GAS5 expression and that the downregulation of GAS5 alleviated PA‑induced myocardial inflammatory injury through the miR‑26a/HMGB1/NF‑κB axis. These data may provide a novel insight into the mechanism of myocardial lipotoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiong Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Cuiting Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yonghuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lanting Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Core Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Indolfi C, Iaconetti C, Gareri C, Polimeni A, De Rosa S. Non-coding RNAs in vascular remodeling and restenosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:49-63. [PMID: 30368024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial in vascular remodeling. They exert pivotal roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, vascular response to injury, and restenosis after transcatheter angioplasty. As a witness of their importance in the cardiovascular system, a large body of evidence has accumulated about the role played by micro RNAs (miRNA) in modulating both VSMCs and ECs. More recently, a growing number of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) came beneath the spotlights in this research field. Several mechanisms have been revealed by which lncRNAs are able to exert a relevant biological impact on vascular remodeling. The aim of this review is to provide an integrated summary of ncRNAs that exert a relevant biological function in VSMCs and ECs of the vascular wall, with emphasis on the available clinical evidence of the potential usefulness of these molecules as circulating biomarkers of in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy; URT CNR of IFC, University Magna Graecia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Iaconetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
| | - Clarice Gareri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
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Toraih EA, Alghamdi SA, El-Wazir A, Hosny MM, Hussein MH, Khashana MS, Fawzy MS. Dual biomarkers long non-coding RNA GAS5 and microRNA-34a co-expression signature in common solid tumors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198231. [PMID: 30289954 PMCID: PMC6173395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cancer, providing promising biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and/or therapeutic targets. We aimed in the current work to quantify the expression profile of miR-34a and one of its bioinformatically selected partner lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) in a sample of Egyptian cancer patients, including three prevalent types of cancer in our region; renal cell carcinoma (RCC), glioblastoma (GB), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as to correlate these expression profiles with the available clinicopathological data in an attempt to clarify their roles in cancer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was applied. Different bioinformatics databases were searched to confirm the potential miRNAs-lncRNA interactions of the selected ncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis. The tumor suppressor lncRNA GAS5 was significantly under-expressed in the three types of cancer [0.08 (0.006-0.38) in RCC, p <0.001; 0.10 (0.003-0.89) in GB, p < 0.001; and 0.12 (0.015-0.74) in HCC, p < 0.001]. However, levels of miR-34a greatly varied according to the tumor type; it displayed an increased expression in RCC [4.05 (1.003-22.69), p <0.001] and a decreased expression in GB [0.35 (0.04-0.95), p <0.001]. Consistent to the computationally predicted miRNA-lncRNA interaction, negative correlations were observed between levels of GAS5 and miR-34a in RCC samples (r = -0.949, p < 0.001), GB (r = -0.518, p < 0.001) and HCC (r = -0.455, p = 0.013). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that RCC patients with down-regulated miR-34a levels had significantly poor overall survival than their corresponding (p < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed RCC patients could be clustered by GAS5 and miR-34a co-expression profile. Our results suggest potential applicability of GAS5 and miR-34a with other conventional markers for various types of cancer. Further functional validation studies are warranted to confirm miR-34a/GAS5 interplay in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- * E-mail: (MSF); (EAT)
| | - Saleh Ali Alghamdi
- Medical Genetics, Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya El-Wazir
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Hosny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (MSF); (EAT)
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Lin H, Xing W, Li Y, Xie Y, Tang X, Zhang Q. Downregulation of serum long noncoding RNA GAS5 may contribute to insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:784-788. [PMID: 29648472 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1459548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease that affects reproductive-aged women and mostly characterized by insulin resistance (IR). The underlying mechanism remains unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in various levels of biological regulation process of cell development, metabolism, and differentiation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between IR and differential expression of lncRNA Growth-arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in patients' serum with and without PCOS. A total of 76 cases of serum was collected from non-PCOS and PCOS patients with and without IR to measure interleukin-18 (IL-18) and GAS5 expression, which were correlated with IR status. The IL-18 concentration in serums was significantly increased in PCOS patients with IR. GAS5 expression was decreased in serums in PCOS patients with IR. Result of correlation analysis shows that there is a negative association between GAS5 expression and homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). GAS5 was yielded the ROC curve (AUC). Our study implied that elevated IL-18 expression and downregulation of GAS5 in serums might contribute to IR in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lin
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weijie Xing
- b Reproductive Center , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu Li
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanxin Xie
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoshi Tang
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qingxue Zhang
- a Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Liu H, Li H, Jin L, Li G, Hu S, Ning C, Guo J, Shuai S, Li X, Li M. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Suppresses 3T3-L1 Cells Adipogenesis Through miR-21a-5p/PTEN Signal Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:767-777. [PMID: 30020817 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies indicated that both long noncoding RNAs and micro-RNAs play crucial roles in the mediation of adipogenesis, which is closely linked to obesity-related diseases. However, the mechanisms of lncRNA-miRNAs coregulating in adipogenesis are still largely unknown. In this study, we determined that lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) presented an opposite expression pattern with miR-21a-5p in 3T3-L1 adipocytes development. To explore the role of GAS5 in adipogenesis, pcDNA3.1-GAS5 expression vectors and GAS5-siRNAs were used to perform GAS5 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Ectopic expression of GAS5 dramatically reduced miR-21a-5p level and suppressed the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while silencing GAS5 slightly increased miR-21a-5p expression but had no significant influence on the cell viability. In addition, overexpression of GAS5 remarkably decreased the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic marker genes, and resulted in a notable reduction of lipid accumulation. In contrast, overexpressing miR-21a-5p significantly facilitated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. By target gene prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we suggested that GAS5 might indirectly improve the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) by repressing miR-21a-5p in a miRNA-based regulatory mechanism. Together, GAS5 plays a suppressive role in 3T3-L1 cells adipogenesis, which further highlights the importance of lncRNAs in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Silu Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Surong Shuai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Li Y, Lu Z, Che Y, Sun S, Mao S, Lei Y, Zang R, Li N, Sun N, He J. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 is induced by interferons and plays an antitumor role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3157-3167. [PMID: 29745062 PMCID: PMC6051207 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA GAS5 has been reported as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, its functions and mechanisms remain largely unknown in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we found that GAS5 was over-expressed in ESCC tissue compared with that in normal esophageal tissue in a public database. Functional studies showed that GAS5 could inhibit ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Further analysis revealed that GAS5 was regulated by interferon (IFN) responses via the JAK-STAT pathway. Moreover, as an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG), GAS5 was a positive regulator of IFN responses. The feedback loop between GAS5 and the IFN signaling pathway plays an important antitumor role in ESCC, thus providing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochuan Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu X, She Y, Wu H, Zhong D, Zhang J. Long non-coding RNA Gas5 regulates proliferation and apoptosis in HCS-2/8 cells and growth plate chondrocytes by controlling FGF1 expression via miR-21 regulation. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:18. [PMID: 29490650 PMCID: PMC5830091 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA Gas5 is known to be a key control element during growth, differentiation and development in mammalian species. However, the role and function of Gas5 in growth plate chondrocytes has not been determined. METHODS The overexpression and knockdown models of Gas5 and miR-21 in cells and animals were constructed. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Animal biochemical indices were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin/eosin staining, immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridisation. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to study targeting. RESULTS First, we found the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 1(FGF1) were up-regulated and miR-21 were down-regulated in Gas5 overexpressing model cells. Meanwhile, the expression levels of FGF1 and Gas5 were up-regulated in miR-21 knockdown model cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation was significantly promoted after Gas5 knockdown or miR-21 overexpression. Subsequently, Gas5 promoted apoptosis, while miR-21 suppressed apoptosis. Animal assays demonstrated that both Gas5 and dexamethasone suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of growth plate chondrocytes, up-regulated FGF1 expression but reduced miR-21 expression. Finally, there was a binding relationship between Gas5, miR-21 and FGF1. CONCLUSION We concluded that Gas5 regulated proliferation and apoptosis in growth plate by controlling FGF1 expression via miR-21 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Administration, Children's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi She
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China. .,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No.87, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Henry WS, Hendrickson DG, Beca F, Glass B, Lindahl-Allen M, He L, Ji Z, Struhl K, Beck AH, Rinn JL, Toker A. LINC00520 is induced by Src, STAT3, and PI3K and plays a functional role in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81981-81994. [PMID: 27626181 PMCID: PMC5347668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in normal cellular homeostasis as well as pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Here we performed global gene expression profiling of mammary epithelial cells transformed by oncogenic v-Src, and identified a large subset of uncharacterized lncRNAs potentially involved in breast cancer development. Specifically, our analysis revealed a novel lncRNA, LINC00520 that is upregulated upon ectopic expression of oncogenic v-Src, in a manner that is dependent on the transcription factor STAT3. Similarly, LINC00520 is also increased in mammary epithelial cells transformed by oncogenic PI3K and its expression is decreased upon knockdown of mutant PIK3CA. Additional expression profiling highlight that LINC00520 is elevated in a subset of human breast carcinomas, with preferential enrichment in the basal-like molecular subtype. ShRNA-mediated depletion of LINC00520 results in decreased cell migration and loss of invasive structures in 3D. RNA sequencing analysis uncovers several genes that are differentially expressed upon ectopic expression of LINC00520, a significant subset of which are also induced in v-Src-transformed MCF10A cells. Together, these findings characterize LINC00520 as a lncRNA that is regulated by oncogenic Src, PIK3CA and STAT3, and which may contribute to the molecular etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S Henry
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David G Hendrickson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Beca
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Glass
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marianne Lindahl-Allen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lizhi He
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Struhl
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 promotes proliferation and survival of female germline stem cells in vitro. Gene 2018; 653:14-21. [PMID: 29428796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are proposed to be a key factor for ameliorating female infertility. Previously we have shown that neonatal and adult FGSCs could be isolated and purified from mouse ovarian tissues. The long noncoding (lnc) RNA growth arrest-specific 5 sequence (GAS5) transcribed from mammalian genomes plays important regulatory roles in various developmental processes. However, there is no study on the relationship between GAS5 and FGSC development in vitro. In this study, we showed that GAS5 was highly expressed in the neonatal mouse ovary and was located in both FGSCs and oocytes. GAS5 facilitated FGSC proliferation and promoted their survival in vitro. Moreover, GAS5 also inhibited apoptosis of cultured FGSCs. These findings indicate that GAS5 is a crucial regulator of FGSC development. This might serve as a foundation for a strategy of lncRNA-directed diagnosis or treatment of female infertility.
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Long Noncoding RNA GAS5, Which Acts as a Tumor Suppressor via microRNA 21, Regulates Cisplatin Resistance Expression in Cervical Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1096-1108. [PMID: 28472815 PMCID: PMC5499972 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the functions of GAS5 as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer and explore the mechanism. Methods The expression of GAS5 and microRNA 21 (miR-21) was detected in primary cervical cancer tissue specimens, as well as in cervical cancer cell lines. We identified the interaction of GAS5 and miR-21 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. We also studied the functions of GAS5 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in cervical cancer cells in vitro and vivo. Finally, the impact of GAS5 on cisplatin resistance and its mechanism in cervical cancer cells was also identified. Results The expression of GAS5 and miR-21 was detected in primary cervical cancer tissue specimens, as well as in cervical cancer cell lines. GAS5, which is a tumor suppressor playing roles in inhibiting the malignancy of cervical cancer cells, including proliferation in vivo and vitro, migration, and invasion, has a low expression in cervical cancer tissue and cervical cancer cell lines, whereas miR-21 expression is high. GAS5 significantly decreased the expression of miR-21, and there is a reciprocal repression of gene expression between GAS5 and miR-21. Besides, most importantly, we found that high expression of GAS5 and low expression of miR-21 can enhance the sensitivity of SiHa/cDDP cancer cells to cisplatin. A further experiment for identifying the mechanism of cisplatin resistance by GAS5 showed that GAS5 can not only regulate phosphatase and tensin homolog through miR-21 but also influence the phosphorylation of Akt. Conclusions Our results indicate that GAS5 is a direct target of miR-21 and can predict the clinical staging of cervical cancer. Most importantly, GAS5 can also influence cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer via regulating the phosphorylation of Akt. All of these suggest that GAS5 may be a novel therapeutic target for treating cervical cancer.
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Multiple Myeloma. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020069. [PMID: 29389884 PMCID: PMC5852565 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease caused by the malignant proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells, whose pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Although a large fraction of the genome is actively transcribed, most of the transcripts do not serve as templates for proteins and are referred to as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), broadly divided into short and long transcripts on the basis of a 200-nucleotide threshold. Short ncRNAs, especially microRNAs, have crucial roles in virtually all types of cancer, including MM, and have gained importance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, predicting the response to therapy and, notably, as innovative therapeutic targets. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a very heterogeneous group, involved in many physiological cellular and genomic processes as well as in carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, and invasion. LncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in various types of cancers, including hematological malignancies, showing either oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions. However, the mechanisms of the related disease-causing events are not yet revealed in most cases. Besides emerging as key players in cancer initiation and progression, lncRNAs own many interesting features as biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic importance and, possibly, for their utility in therapeutic terms as druggable molecules. This review focuses on the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of MM and summarizes the recent literature.
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44
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Nobili L, Lionetti M, Neri A. Long non-coding RNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50666-50681. [PMID: 27177333 PMCID: PMC5226612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as ncRNAs of more than 200 nt in length. They are involved in a large spectrum of biological processes, such as maintenance of genome integrity, genomic imprinting, cell differentiation, and development by means of mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated. Besides their role in normal cellular physiology, accumulating evidence has linked lncRNA expression and functions to cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about their expression and roles in hematopoiesis with a particular focus on their cell-type speciï¬city, functional interactions, and involvement in the pathobiology of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nobili
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Lionetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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45
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Yang M, Xiong X, Chen L, Yang L, Li X. Identification and validation long non-coding RNAs of oral squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics method. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107469-107476. [PMID: 29296179 PMCID: PMC5746081 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene markers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have great significance on early diagnosis and treatment of clinical oral cancer. In this study, we used RNA-Seq data from OSCC patients and filtered differentially-expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to further clarify the molecular mechanism. Firstly, we downloaded datasets of OSCC from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), which were predicted and analyzed by cufflinks and tophat. Then, differentially expressed lncRNA enrichment was performed with The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Finally, we verified the gene expression via in vitro assays. Results showed that 52 lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed compared to those in normal oral tissues, three highly expressed genes (XLOC_002599, XLOC_002634 and XLOC_132858) were verified by RT-PCR, which was consistent with the prediction. XLOC_002634 (GAS5) transcript levels were reduced both in vivo and in vitro assays, which confirmed that the expression of GAS5 was comparatively low in OSCC. Over-expression of GAS5 in cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, the migration and invasion potential of cancer cells were inhibited compared to control groups. All in all, the study indicated that the decrease in GAS5 expression may contribute to OSCC tumor pathogenesis and serve as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Research Department, Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingliang Xiong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longcong Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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46
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Caldwell KK, Hafez A, Solomon E, Cunningham M, Allan AM. Arsenic exposure during embryonic development alters the expression of the long noncoding RNA growth arrest specific-5 (Gas5) in a sex-dependent manner. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 66:102-112. [PMID: 29132937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies suggest that prenatal arsenic exposure (50ppb) modifies epigenetic control of the programming of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling system in the developing mouse brain. These deficits may lead to long-lasting consequences, including deficits in learning and memory, increased depressive-like behaviors, and an altered set-point of GR feedback throughout life. To understand the arsenic-induced changes within the GR system, we assessed the impact of in utero arsenic exposure on the levels of the GR and growth arrest-specific-5 (Gas5), a noncoding RNA, across a key gestational period for GR programming (gestational days, GD 14-18) in mice. Gas5 contains a glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-like sequence that binds the GR, thereby decreasing GR-GRE-dependent gene transcription and potentially altering GR programming. Prenatal arsenic exposure resulted in sex-dependent and age-dependent shifts in the levels of GR and Gas5 expression in fetal telencephalon. Nuclear GR levels were reduced in males, but unchanged in females, at all gestational time points tested. Total cellular Gas5 levels were lower in arsenic-exposed males with no changes seen in arsenic-exposed females at GD16 and 18. An increase in total cellular Gas-5 along with increased nuclear levels in GD14 arsenic-exposed females, suggests a differential regulation of cellular compartmentalization of Gas5. RIP assays revealed reduced Gas5 associated with the GR on GD14 in the nuclear fraction prepared from arsenic-exposed males and females. This decrease in levels of GR-Gas5 binding continued only in the females at GD18. Thus, nuclear GR signaling potential is decreased in prenatal arsenic-exposed males, while it is increased or maintained at levels approaching normal in prenatal arsenic-exposed females. These findings suggest that females, but not males, exposed to arsenic are able to regulate the levels of nuclear free GR by altering Gas5 levels, thereby keeping GR nuclear signaling closer to control (unexposed) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Alexander Hafez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Elizabeth Solomon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Matthew Cunningham
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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47
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Wang Q, Wang N, Cai R, Zhao F, Xiong Y, Li X, Wang A, Lin P, Jin Y. Genome-wide analysis and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs in mouse uterus during the implantation window. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84360-84372. [PMID: 29137430 PMCID: PMC5663602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of the receptive uterus is a crucial step for embryo implantation. In this study, the expression profiles and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in pregnant mouse uteri on day 4, day 5 at implantation sites and inter-implantation sites were conducted using RNA-seq. A total of 7,764 putative lncRNA transcripts were identified, including 6,179 known lncRNA transcripts and 1,585 novel lncRNA transcripts. Bioinformatics analysis of the cis and trans lncRNA targets showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in tissue remodelling, immune response and metabolism-related processes, indicating that lncRNAs could be involved in the regulation of embryo implantation. We also discovered that differentially expressed lncRNAs might regulate multiple signalling pathways that play an important role in the regulation of embryo implantation. In addition, nine known lncRNAs and four novel lncRNAs were randomly selected and validated by qRT-PCR. The expression of Tug1, Neat1, Gas5, Malat1, H19 and Rmst were significantly regulated in the mouse uterus during the implantation window. Our results are the first to systematically identify lncRNAs in the mouse uterus and provide a catalogue of lncRNAs for further understanding their functions in pregnant mouse uteri during the implantation window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjie Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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48
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Cao L, Chen J, Ou B, Liu C, Zou Y, chen Q. GAS5 knockdown reduces the chemo-sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell to cisplatin (DDP) through regulating miR-21/PTEN axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:570-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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49
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See K, Tan WLW, Lim EH, Tiang Z, Lee LT, Li PYQ, Luu TDA, Ackers-Johnson M, Foo RS. Single cardiomyocyte nuclear transcriptomes reveal a lincRNA-regulated de-differentiation and cell cycle stress-response in vivo. Nat Commun 2017; 8:225. [PMID: 28790305 PMCID: PMC5548780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration may revolutionize treatment for heart failure but endogenous progenitor-derived cardiomyocytes in the adult mammalian heart are few and pre-existing adult cardiomyocytes divide only at very low rates. Although candidate genes that control cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry have been implicated, expression heterogeneity in the cardiomyocyte stress-response has never been explored. Here, we show by single nuclear RNA-sequencing of cardiomyocytes from both mouse and human failing, and non-failing adult hearts that sub-populations of cardiomyocytes upregulate cell cycle activators and inhibitors consequent to the stress-response in vivo. We characterize these subgroups by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and discover long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA) as key nodal regulators. KD of nodal lincRNAs affects expression levels of genes related to dedifferentiation and cell cycle, within the same gene regulatory network. Our study reveals that sub-populations of adult cardiomyocytes may have a unique endogenous potential for cardiac regeneration in vivo. Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are predominantly binucleated and unable to divide. Using single nuclear RNA-sequencing of cardiomyocytes from mouse and human failing and non-failing adult hearts, See et al. show that some cardiomyocytes respond to stress by dedifferentiation and cell cycle re-entry regulated by lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin See
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Wilson L W Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Eng How Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Li Ting Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Peter Y Q Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Tuan D A Luu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Roger S Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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50
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Li W, Huang K, Wen F, Cui G, Guo H, Zhao S. Genetic variation of lncRNA GAS5 contributes to the development of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91025-91029. [PMID: 29207621 PMCID: PMC5710902 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths throughout the world. In spite of great effort for the research of carcinogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer remain unclear. In current study, we investigated the possible association between susceptibility of lung cancer and GAS5 rs145204276, which showed contradictory roles in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. We found that the del allele was significantly associated with 21% decreased risk of lung cancer (OR=0.79; 95% CI=0.66-0.93; P value = 0.006). Compared with the genotype ins/ins, both the genotype ins/del (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.62-0.99) and del/del (OR=0.59;95% CI=0.39-0.89) showed decreased susceptibility of lung cancer. Real-time PCR analysis found that the expression levels of lncRNA GAS5 in lung cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in the corresponding normal tissues (P<0.01). Also the relative GAS5 expression level in samples with del/del genotype was significantly higher than that in samples with ins/del and ins/ins genotype (P<0.01). Taken together, our findings provided strong evidence for the hypothesis that GAS5 rs145204276 were significantly associated with the susceptibility of lung cancer, and GAS5 functions as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fengbiao Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Haizhou Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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