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Wang L, Feng ZJ, Ma X, Li K, Li XY, Tang Y, Peng C. Mitochondrial quality control in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17702. [PMID: 37539120 PMCID: PMC10395149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon in which exacerbating damage of liver cells due to restoration of blood flow following ischemia during liver surgery, especially those involving liver transplantation. Mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles, are crucial for cell survival and apoptosis and have evolved a range of quality control mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the mitochondrial network in response to various stress conditions. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion leads to disruption of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial autophagy, excessive division, reduced fusion, and inhibition of biogenesis. This leads to dysfunction of the mitochondrial network. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria ultimately results in apoptosis of hepatocytes due to the release of apoptotic proteins like cytochrome C. This worsens hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury protection is being studied using different approaches such as drug pretreatment, stem cells and exosomes, genetic interventions, and mechanical reperfusion, all aimed at targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. This paper aims to provide direction for future research on combating HIRI by reviewing the latest studies that focus on targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiuSong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zan Jie Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cijun Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Oh SJ, Hwang Y, Hur KY, Lee MS. Lysosomal Ca 2+ as a mediator of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:100. [PMID: 36944629 PMCID: PMC10030853 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While the mechanism of lipotoxicity by palmitic acid (PA), an effector of metabolic stress in vitro and in vivo, has been extensively investigated, molecular details of lipotoxicity are still not fully characterized. Since recent studies reported that PA can exert lysosomal stress in addition to well-known ER and mitochondrial stress, we studied the role of lysosomal events in lipotoxicity by PA, focusing on lysosomal Ca2+. We found that PA induced accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and that mitochondrial ROS induced release of lysosomal Ca2+ due to lysosomal Ca2+ exit channel activation. Lysosomal Ca2+ release led to increased cytosolic Ca2+ which induced mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). Chelation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ or blockade of mPT with olesoxime or decylubiquinone (DUB) suppressed lipotoxicity. Lysosomal Ca2+ release led to reduced lysosomal Ca2+ content which was replenished by ER Ca2+, the largest intracellular Ca2+ reservoir (ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling), which in turn activated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Inhibition of ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling by blockade of ER Ca2+ exit channel using dantrolene or inhibition of SOCE using BTP2 inhibited lipotoxicity in vitro. Dantrolene or DUB also inhibited lipotoxic death of hepatocytes in vivo induced by administration of ethyl palmitate together with LPS. These results suggest a novel pathway of lipotoxicity characterized by mPT due to lysosomal Ca2+ release which was supplemented by ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling and subsequent SOCE, and also suggest the potential role of modulation of ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling by dantrolene or other blockers of ER Ca2+ exit channels in disease conditions characterized by lipotoxicity such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiomyopathy or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang Medical Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeseong Hwang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate school of Medical Science, BK21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang Medical Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate school of Medical Science, BK21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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3
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Tiegs G, Horst AK. TNF in the liver: targeting a central player in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:445-459. [PMID: 35122118 PMCID: PMC9256556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine. First recognized as an endogenous soluble factor that induces necrosis of solid tumours, TNF became increasingly important as pro-inflammatory cytokine being involved in the immunopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. In the liver, TNF induces numerous biological responses such as hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, liver inflammation and regeneration, and autoimmunity, but also progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering these multiple functions of TNF in the liver, we propose anti-TNF therapies that specifically target TNF signalling at the level of its specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea K Horst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Duran-Güell M, Flores-Costa R, Casulleras M, López-Vicario C, Titos E, Díaz A, Alcaraz-Quiles J, Horrillo R, Costa M, Fernández J, Arroyo V, Clària J. Albumin protects the liver from tumor necrosis factor α-induced immunopathology. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21365. [PMID: 33496031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001615rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides its oncotic power, albumin exerts pleiotropic actions, including binding, transport, and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous molecules, antioxidant activity, and modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In particular, recent studies have demonstrated that albumin reduces leukocyte cytokine production. Here, we investigated whether albumin also has the ability to protect tissues from the damaging actions of these inflammatory mediators. We circumscribed our investigation to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, which exemplifies the connection between immunity and tissue injury. In vivo experiments in analbuminemic mice showed that these mice exhibit a more pronounced response to a model of TNFα-mediated liver injury induced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-gal). A tissue protective action against LPS/D-gal liver injury was also observed during the administration of human albumin to humanized mice expressing the human genes for albumin and neonatal Fc receptor (hAlb+/+ /hFcRn+/+ ) with preestablished carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced early cirrhosis. The cytoprotective actions of albumin against TNFα-induced injury were confirmed ex vivo, in precision-cut liver slices, and in vitro, in primary hepatocytes in culture. Albumin protective actions were independent of its scavenging properties and were reproduced by recombinant human albumin expressed in Oryza sativa. Albumin cytoprotection against TNFα injury was related to inhibition of lysosomal cathepsin B leakage accompanied by reductions in mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activity. These data provide evidence that in addition to reducing cytokines, the albumin molecule also has the ability to protect tissues against inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Duran-Güell
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Flores-Costa
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Casulleras
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Titos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Díaz
- Pathology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alcaraz-Quiles
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Fernández
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Cinnamaldehyde induces endogenous apoptosis of the prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts via interfering the Glutathione-associated mitochondria function. Med Oncol 2020; 37:91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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6
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Sawhney G, Dar MA, Bhat ZA. Possible Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Caused by Chemical Agents. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:867-879. [PMID: 31702487 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191105121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury induced by drugs has become a primary reason for acute liver disease and therefore posed a potential regulatory and clinical challenge over the past few decades and has gained much attention. It also remains the most common cause of failure of drugs during clinical trials. In 50% of all acute liver failure cases, drug-induced hepatoxicity is the primary factor and 5% of all hospital admissions. METHODS The various hepatotoxins used to induce hepatotoxicity in experimental animals include paracetamol, CCl4, isoniazid, thioacetamide, erythromycin, diclofenac, alcohol, etc. Among the various models used to induce hepatotoxicity in rats, every hepatotoxin causes toxicity by different mechanisms. RESULTS The drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol accounts for 39% of the cases and 13% hepatotoxicity is triggered by other hepatotoxic inducing agents. CONCLUSION Research carried out and the published papers revealed that hepatotoxins such as paracetamol and carbon- tetrachloride are widely used for experimental induction of hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Pharmacognosy Division, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mohd Akbar Dar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Pharmacognosy Division, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
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7
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Fu Z, Fan Q, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, He Z. Elimination of Intracellular Calcium Overload by BAPTA-AM-Loaded Liposomes: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Acute Liver Failure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39574-39585. [PMID: 31589019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, intracellular calcium overload has been shown to induce cell death through multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we used BAPTA-AM, a well-known membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator, to prevent cell injury by allaying the intracellular calcium overload. We explored the clinical potentials of BAPTA-AM-loaded liposome (BAL) in the treatment of the acute liver failure (ALF) mouse model, which is characterized by severe hepatic necrosis and apoptosis. We discovered that BAL can significantly inhibit D-GalN-induced LO2 cell damage as it increased cell viability by 60% and downregulated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages by reversing the morphological change and modulating TNF-α and NF-κB expressions. Through systemic administration, BAL can rapidly accumulate in damaged liver tissue and exhibit excellent treatment effects on the D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF mouse model, including elevation of the survival rate (from 10 to 80%), recovery of normal liver indexes and liver health indicators, improvement of liver blood microcirculation (increased the blood flow volume by 80% and flow rate by 60%), and blood coagulation. The underlying hepatoprotective effect of BAL is presumably based on the antinecrosis and antiapoptosis abilities attributed to its inhibition on oxidative stress, restriction on TNF-α receptor, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway by effectively clearing the overloaded intercellular calcium. BAL holds great potential as a new therapeutic strategy for ALF treatment, and its prominent cell rescue ability provides ample opportunities for the treatment of many other diseases that are characterized by rapid and massive cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy , The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53715 , United States
| | - Zhiyu He
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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8
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Involvement of fatty acid synthase in right ventricle dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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S. Wood R, S. Greenstein R, M. Hildebrandt I, S. George Parsons K. The Apoptotic Effects of Methylparaben and Ultraviolet B Light on M624 Human Melanoma Cells. Med Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Zuo L, Sun H, Yu M, You X, Zeng Y, Wu Y. Mycoplasma genitaliumlipoproteins inhibit tumour necrosis factor α-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1523688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zuo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Hedong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Minjun Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, PR China
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11
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Kumar Y, Phaniendra A, Periyasamy L. Bixin Triggers Apoptosis of Human Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An Insight to Molecular and IN SILICO Approach. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:971-983. [PMID: 30204479 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1490445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and is known to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy. The use of herbal medicine and supplements has increased over recent decades following side effects and resistant to conventional chemotherapy. The seeds of Bixa orellana L. commonly known as annatto have recently gained scientific attention due to presence of a carotenoid bixin for its substantial anticancer properties. However, molecular mechanisms underlying bixin-induced apoptosis are still unclear. Treatment of bixin significantly decreased the number of Hep3B cells and morphological study revealed the change in cellular and nuclear morphology that trigger the events of apoptosis confirmed by annexin V/PI staining. Further DCFDA and rhodamine 123 spectrofluorimetry study showed elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), respectively. ROS production caused DNA damage and apoptosis was marked by cell cycle arrest, up-regulation of Bax and FasL protein as well as cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3 protein. Docking study with pro-apoptotic molecule Bax and surface Fas ligand exhibited energetically favourable binding interaction. Collectively, these results suggest that bixin capable of modulating the extrinsic and intrinsic molecules of apoptosis indicating its potential for development of promising candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India
| | - Alugoju Phaniendra
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India
| | - Latha Periyasamy
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences , Pondicherry University , Kalapet , India
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12
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Thiyagarajan D, Pedersen HL, Seredkina N, Horvei KD, Arranz L, Sonneveld R, Nijenhuis T, van der Vlag J, Rekvig OP. IL-1β Promotes a New Function of DNase I as a Transcription Factor for the Fas Receptor Gene. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:7. [PMID: 29468159 PMCID: PMC5807897 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we described that endonuclease inactive DNase I translocated into the nucleus in response to increased endogenous IL-1β expression. Here, we demonstrate impact and function of translocated DNase I in tubular cells. Effect of cytokines on expression level and nuclear localisation of DNase I and corresponding levels of Fas receptor (FasR) and IL-1β were determined by confocal microscopy, qPCR and western blot analyses, in presence or absence of siRNA against IL-1β and DNase I mRNA. Nuclear DNase I bound to the FAS promotor region as determined by chromatin immuno-precipitation analysis. Data demonstrate that; (i) translocation of DNase I depended on endogenous de novo-expressed IL-1β, (ii) nuclear DNase I bound FAS DNA, (iii) FasR expression increased after translocation of DNase I, (iv) interaction of exogenous Fas ligand (FasL) with upregulated FasR induced apoptosis in human tubular cells stimulated with TNFα. Thus, translocated DNase I most probably binds the promoter region of the FAS gene and function as a transcription factor for FasR. In conclusion, DNase I not only executes chromatin degradation during apoptosis and necrosis, but also primes the cells for apoptosis by enhancing FasR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Thiyagarajan
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hege L. Pedersen
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Natalya Seredkina
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjersti D. Horvei
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ramon Sonneveld
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ole P. Rekvig
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Hausen J, Otte JC, Legradi J, Yang L, Strähle U, Fenske M, Hecker M, Tang S, Hammers-Wirtz M, Hollert H, Keiter SH, Ottermanns R. Fishing for contaminants: identification of three mechanism specific transcriptome signatures using Danio rerio embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4023-4036. [PMID: 28391457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In ecotoxicology, transcriptomics is an effective way to detect gene expression changes in response to environmental pollutants. Such changes can be used to identify contaminants or contaminant classes and can be applied as early warning signals for pollution. To do so, it is important to distinguish contaminant-specific transcriptomic changes from genetic alterations due to general stress. Here we present a first step in the identification of contaminant class-specific transcriptome signatures. Embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to three substances (methylmercury, chlorpyrifos and Aroclor 1254, each from 24 to 48 hpf exposed) representing sediment typical contaminant classes. We analyzed the altered transcriptome to detect discriminative genes significantly regulated in reaction to the three applied contaminants. By comparison of the results of the three contaminants, we identified transcriptome signatures and biologically important pathways (using Cytoscape/ClueGO software) that react significantly to the contaminant classes. This approach increases the chance of finding genes that play an important role in contaminant class-specific pathways rather than more general processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hausen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jens C Otte
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Environment and Health, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lixin Yang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martina Fenske
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Kackertstraße 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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14
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Martins RM, Teodoro JS, Furtado E, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Tralhão JG. Recent insights into mitochondrial targeting strategies in liver transplantation. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:248-256. [PMID: 29483816 PMCID: PMC5820854 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in liver transplantation can disrupt the normal activity of mitochondria in the hepatic parenchyma. This potential dysfunction of mitochondria after I/R injury could be responsible for the initial poor graft function or primary nonfunction observed after liver transplantation. Thus, determining the mechanisms that lead to human hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to improving the outcome of liver transplantation. Furthermore, early identification of novel prognostic factors involved in I/R injury could serve as a key endpoint to predict the outcome of liver grafts and also to promote the early adoption of novel strategies that protect against I/R injury. Here, we briefly review recent advances in the study of mitochondrial dysfunction and I/R injury, particularly in relation to liver transplantation. Next, we highlight various pharmacological therapeutic strategies that could be applied, and discuss their relationship to relevant mitochondrion-related processes and targets. Lastly, we note that although considerable progress has been made in our understanding of I/R injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, further investigation is required to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, thereby identifying biomarkers that can help in evaluating donor organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miguel Martins
- Department of Surgery, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Soeiro Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; and Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Furtado
- Unidade de Transplantação Hepática de Crianças e Adultos, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pinto Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; and Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Marques Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; and Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Department of Surgery A, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Clínica Universitária de Cirurgia III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; and Center for Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Han JH, Park J, Seo YW, Kim TH. Designing a cancer therapeutic peptide by combining the mitochondrial targeting domain of Noxa and ErbB2-targeting moieties. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:103-111. [PMID: 29193033 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs target epidermal growth factor receptors to inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases and tumor growth. Here, we show that an ErbB2-targeting pronecrotic peptide (KWSY:MTD) selectively kills tumor cells expressing ErbB2 in vitro. An antibody against ErbB2 inhibits KWSY:MTD-induced cell death. KWSY:MTD causes membrane permeability which allows propidium iodide entry into the cytosol and the release of HMGB1 into the media, indicative of necrosis. Mitochondrial swelling occurs in response to KWSY:MTD. Moreover, in vivo analysis using a mouse model shows that KWSY:MTD partially suppressed growth in tumor tissue bearing ErbB2-expressing cells, but did not have obvious toxicity in mouse liver or kidney tissue. Taken together, KWSY:MTD has potential as an ErbB2-targeting anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwang-Ju, Korea
| | - Junghee Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwang-Ju, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Seo
- Korea Basic Science Institute Gwang-Ju Center, Chonnam National University, Gwang-Ju, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwang-Ju, Korea
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16
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Calcium uptake and cytochrome c release from normal and ischemic brain mitochondria. Neurochem Int 2017; 117:15-22. [PMID: 29042253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At abnormally elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake may compromise mitochondrial electron transport activities and trigger membrane permeability changes that allow for release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial apoptotic proteins into the cytosol. In this study, a clinically relevant canine cardiac arrest model was used to assess the effects of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake capacity, Ca2+ uptake-mediated inhibition of respiration, and Ca2+-induced cytochrome c release, as measured in vitro in a K+-based medium in the presence of Mg2+, ATP, and NADH-linked oxidizable substrates. Maximum Ca2+ uptake by frontal cortex mitochondria was significantly lower following 10 min cardiac arrest compared to non-ischemic controls. Mitochondria from ischemic brains were also more sensitive to the respiratory inhibition associated with accumulation of large levels of Ca2+. Cytochrome c was released from brain mitochondria in vitro in a Ca2+-dose-dependent manner and was more pronounced following both 10 min of ischemia alone and following 24 h reperfusion, in comparison to mitochondria from non-ischemic Shams. These effects of ischemia and reperfusion on brain mitochondria could compromise intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, decrease aerobic and increase anaerobic cerebral energy metabolism, and potentiate the cytochrome c-dependent induction of apoptosis, when re-oxygenated mitochondria are exposed to abnormally high levels of intracellular Ca2+.
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17
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Effects of sevoflurane on NF-кB and TNF-α expression in renal ischemia–reperfusion diabetic rats. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:901-910. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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18
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19
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Ramaiah S, Rivera C, Arteel G. Early-Phase Alcoholic Liver Disease: An Update on Animal Models, Pathology, and Pathogenesis. Int J Toxicol 2016; 23:217-31. [PMID: 15371166 DOI: 10.1080/10915810490502069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains to be one of the most common etiology of liver disease and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathologic stages of ALD comprises of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Steatosis and steatohepatitis represents the early phase of ALD and are precursor stages for fibrosis/cirrhosis. Numerous research efforts have been directed at recognizing cofactors interacting with alcohol in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis. This review will elucidate the constellation of complex pathogenesis, available animal models, and microscopic pathologic findings mostly in the early-phase of ALD. The role of endotoxin, reactive oxygen species, alcohol metabolism, and cytokines are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of early-phase ALD should provide insight into the development of therapeutic strategies and thereby decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Ramaiah
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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20
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Dara L, Liu ZX, Kaplowitz N. Questions and controversies: the role of necroptosis in liver disease. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16089. [PMID: 27924226 PMCID: PMC5136616 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver injury results in hepatocyte death and turnover. If injury becomes chronic, the continuous cell death and turnover leads to chronic inflammation, fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Controlling liver cell death both in acute injury, to rescue the liver from acute liver failure, and in chronic injury, to curb secondary inflammation and fibrosis, is of paramount importance as a therapeutic strategy. Both apoptosis and necrosis occur in the liver, but the occurrence of necroptosis in the liver and its contribution to liver disease is controversial. Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis which occurs in certain cell types when caspases (+/-cIAPs) are inhibited through the RIPK1-RIPK3 activation of MLKL. The occurrence of necroptosis in the liver has recently been examined in multiple liver injury models with conflicting results. The aim of this review is to summarize the published data with an emphasis on the controversies and remaining questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Dara
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of GI/Liver, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Brown M, Strudwick N, Suwara M, Sutcliffe LK, Mihai AD, Ali AA, Watson JN, Schröder M. An initial phase of JNK activation inhibits cell death early in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2317-2328. [PMID: 27122189 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammalian cells, UPR signals generated by several ER-membrane-resident proteins, including the bifunctional protein kinase endoribonuclease IRE1α, control cell survival and the decision to execute apoptosis. Processing of XBP1 mRNA by the RNase domain of IRE1α promotes survival of ER stress, whereas activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK family by IRE1α late in the ER stress response promotes apoptosis. Here, we show that activation of JNK in the ER stress response precedes activation of XBP1. This activation of JNK is dependent on IRE1α and TRAF2 and coincides with JNK-dependent induction of expression of several antiapoptotic genes, including cIap1 (also known as Birc2), cIap2 (also known as Birc3), Xiap and Birc6 ER-stressed Jnk1(-/-) Jnk2(-/-) (Mapk8(-/-) Mapk9(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) display more pronounced mitochondrial permeability transition and increased caspase 3/7 activity compared to wild-type MEFs. Caspase 3/7 activity is also elevated in ER-stressed cIap1(-/-) cIap2(-/-) and Xiap(-/-) MEFs. These observations suggest that JNK-dependent transcriptional induction of several inhibitors of apoptosis contributes to inhibiting apoptosis early in the ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Brown
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Natalie Strudwick
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Monika Suwara
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Louise K Sutcliffe
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Adina D Mihai
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Ahmed A Ali
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK.,Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12311, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jamie N Watson
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Martin Schröder
- Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Life Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
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22
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Chen Q, Wang K, Jiang D, Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhu N, Li M, Jia S, Wang Y. Blocking mPTP on Neural Stem Cells and Activating the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α7 Subunit on Microglia Attenuate Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity on Neural Stem Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1483-95. [PMID: 26875732 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) can stimulate microglia to release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and induce neurotoxicity. Nicotine has been reported to inhibit TNF-α, IL-1, and ROS production in microglia. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) plays an important role in neurotoxicity as well. Here, we investigated whether activating the microglial α7-nAChR has a neuroprotective role on neural stem cells (NSCs) and the function of mPTP in NSCs in this process. The expression of α7-nAChR in rat NSCs was detected by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The viability of microglia and NSCs was examined by MTT assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and morphological characteristics of NSCs was measured by JC-1 staining and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The distribution of cytochrome c in the subcellular regions of NSCs was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the expression levels of cyclophilin D and cleaved caspase-3 were assayed by western blot. The apoptotic rate of NSCs was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of α7-nAChR was detected in microglial cells, but no expression was found in NSCs. The viability of rat microglial cells and NSCs was not affected by reagents or coculture itself. Aβ1-42-mediated microglial activation impaired the morphology and the ΔΨm of mitochondria of NSCs as well as increased cell apoptosis. However, the damage was attenuated when the α7-nAChRs on microglial cells were activated or the mPTPs on NSCs were blocked. Blockade of mPTPs on NSCs and activation of α7-nAChRs on microglia exhibit neuroprotective roles in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kewan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:183469. [PMID: 26770970 PMCID: PMC4684839 DOI: 10.1155/2015/183469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major complication of liver resection, transplantation, and hemorrhagic shock. Although the mechanisms that contribute to hepatic I/R are complex and diverse involving the interaction of cell injury in hepatocytes, immune cells, and endothelium, mitochondrial dysfunction is a cardinal event culminating in hepatic reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial autophagy, so-called mitophagy, is a key cellular process that regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and eliminates damaged mitochondria in a timely manner. Growing evidence accumulates that I/R injury is attributed to defective mitophagy. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of autophagy and its role in hepatic I/R injury and highlight the various therapeutic approaches that have been studied to ameliorate injury.
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24
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Alshatwi AA, Subash-Babu P, Antonisamy P. Violacein induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through up regulation of BAX, p53 and down regulation of MDM2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:89-97. [PMID: 26521020 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the anticancer potential of violacein and its time, dose dependent mechanism of action in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We observed, violacein inhibit MCF-7 cells viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, IC50 value was 4.5 μM in 24 h, 1.7 μM in 48 h and 0.51 μM in 72 h. Violacein triggered generation of intra cellular ROS even from the lower doses, significant ROS production was observed from 0.25, 0.45 μM dose range and it is relative to higher doses. Further we fixed 0.45 μM and 4.5 μM as an experimental dose for relative dose dependent analysis. In nuclear staining, after 48 h 0.45 μM dose showed characteristic apoptotic morphological changes such as, 59% of cells in apoptosis and 11% of cells in necrotic stage, also in 72 h we found 68% in apoptosis and 12% in necrotic stage. However, 4.5 μM (IC50) dose of violacein, 78% of cells became apoptotic and 21% in necrotic after 48 h; but in 72 h only 61% cells are in apoptotic, necrosis was increased to 38%. Violacein increased both mitochondrial and extra mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related gene expressions; it was confirmed by increased CYP1A, GPX, GSK3β and TNF-α gene. Further, 0.45 and 4.5 μM of violacein increased apoptotic genes, such as Bax, p53, caspase 3, Fas, FADD and markedly reduced Bcl-2 and MDM2 expression levels to two fold when compared to control. In addition violacein upregulated poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), CDKN1A and caspase-9 significantly (p≤0.05) when compared to control. Relative quantification of caspase-8 was differently expressed; there were no changes in 0.45 μM, but in 4.5 μM we found two fold increased caspase-8 expression. In conclusion, lower dose of violacein treatment induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through TNF-α and p53 dependent mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshatwi
- Cancer Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P Subash-Babu
- Cancer Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - P Antonisamy
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Biosafety Research Institute, 664-14 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, South Korea
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25
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Tanino T, Funakami Y, Nagai N, Kato Y. Cyclosporin A-sensitive cytotoxicity of flurbiprofen non-stereoselectively mediated by cytochrome P450 metabolism in three-dimensional cultured rat hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1406-15. [PMID: 26099455 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 2-Arylpropionic acid (profen) drugs are associated with severe hepatotoxicity; however, risk factors are still poorly understood. Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesters of profen drugs play a more important role in the covalent binding to rat hepatocyte proteins than the respective acyl-glucuronides. Therefore, we examined whether acyl-glucuronides, acyl-CoA thioesters and oxidative metabolites of profen drugs stereoselectively participated in liver damage. METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage from three-dimensional cultured rat hepatocytes. KEY FINDINGS LDH leakage was not induced by R-2-phenylpropionic acid and R-ibuprofen greatly forming acyl-CoA thioesters. S-Naproxen metabolized mainly by Uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyl-transferase did not enhance LDH leakage. However, flurbiprofen (FLP) induced LDH leakage. A selective cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C11 inhibitor suppressed 40-50% of the R-FLP and S-FLP-induced cytotoxicity. Borneol non-stereoselectively accelerated the FLP-induced cytotoxicity. The R-FLP-induced cytotoxicity decreased intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels to 50% of untreated hepatocytes. An inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, cyclosporin A (Cys A), rescued ATP levels and LDH leakage back to control levels. CONCLUSION The reactive acyl-CoA thioesters and acyl-glucuronides were not associated with liver damage, denying one of the leading hypotheses. CYP metabolism of FLP non-stereoselectively participated in Cys A-sensitive cytotoxicity, suggesting mitochondrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Tanino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
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26
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Vaiyapuri PS, Ali AA, Mohammad AA, Kandhavelu J, Kandhavelu M. Time lapse microscopy observation of cellular structural changes and image analysis of drug treated cancer cells to characterize the cellular heterogeneity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:724-734. [PMID: 24446218 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Calotropis gigantea latex (CGLX) on human mammary carcinoma cells is not well established. We present the results of this drug activity at total population and single cell level. CGLX inhibited the growth of MCF7 cancer cells at lower IC50 concentration (17 µL/mL). Microscopy of IC50 drug treated cells at 24 hr confirming the appearance of morphological characteristics of apoptotic and necrotic cells, associated with 70% of DNA damage. FACS analysis confirmed that, 10 and 20% of the disruption of cellular mitochondrial nature by at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Microscopic image analysis of total population level proved that MMP changes were statistically significant with P values. The cell to cell variation was confirmed by functional heterogeneity analysis which proves that CGLX was able to induce the apoptosis without the contribution of mitochondria. We conclude that CGLX inhibits cell proliferation, survival, and heterogeneity of pathways in human mammary carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periasamy S Vaiyapuri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanokaryon Bioproducts and Services, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Alshatwi A Ali
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbarsha A Mohammad
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center (MGDC) for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Department of Signaling Process, Molecular Signaling Lab, CSB, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, 33101, Finland
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Yokota S, Itoh Y, Morio T, Sumitomo N, Daimaru K, Minota S. Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis under Treatment with Tocilizumab. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:712-22. [PMID: 25684767 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) undergoing tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment, and to confirm laboratory marker changes and responses to treatment in patients with MAS receiving TCZ. METHODS In Japan, 394 patients with sJIA were registered in an all-patient registry surveillance of TCZ as of January 15, 2012. TCZ (8 mg/kg) was administered every 2 weeks to patients with sJIA. MAS, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (EB-VAHS) was reported in 23 of these patients (25 events). The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA reviewed these cases and clinically evaluated the data and laboratory findings using their own therapeutic experience. Events were categorized into 4 groups: definitive MAS, probable MAS, EB-VAHS, and non-MAS. RESULTS The committee's review revealed 3 events of definitive MAS in 3 patients, 12 events of probable MAS in 11 patients, 2 events of EB-VAHS in 2 patients, and 8 events of non-MAS in 8 patients. There were 2 patients who developed 2 events: 2 events in 1 patient were classified into definitive MAS and probable MAS, and 2 events in another patient were classified into probable MAS. In patients with definitive or probable MAS, common clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of MAS were observed. Changes in laboratory data observed in patients with EB-VAHS were similar to those observed in patients with MAS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the clinical/laboratory features in the course of MAS appear to be similar among patients regardless of whether TCZ is administered. Similarities in the pathophysiological background of MAS and EB-VAHS were also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yokota
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School.
| | - Yasuhiko Itoh
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Kaori Daimaru
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Seiji Minota
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
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Prisco AR, Prisco MR, Carlson BE, Greene AS. TNF-α increases endothelial progenitor cell adhesion to the endothelium by increasing bond expression and affinity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H1368-81. [PMID: 25539711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00496.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a rare population of cells that participate in angiogenesis. To effectively use EPCs for regenerative therapy, the mechanisms by which they participate in tissue repair must be elucidated. This study focused on the process by which activated EPCs bind to a target tissue. It has been demonstrated that EPCs can bind to endothelial cells (ECs) through the tumore necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-regulated vascular cell adhesion molecule 1/very-late antigen 4 (VLA4) interaction. VLA4 can bind in a high or low affinity state, a process that is difficult to experimentally isolate from bond expression upregulation. To separate these processes, a new parallel plate flow chamber was built, a detachment assay was developed, and a mathematical model was created that was designed to analyze the detachment assay results. The mathematical model was developed to predict the relative expression of EPC/EC bonds made for a given bond affinity distribution. EPCs treated with TNF-α/vehicle were allowed to bind to TNF-α/vehicle-treated ECs in vitro. Bound cells were subjected to laminar flow, and the cellular adherence was quantified as a function of shear stress. Experimental data were fit to the mathematical model using changes in bond expression or affinity as the only free parameter. It was found that TNF-α treatment of ECs increased adhesion through bond upregulation, whereas TNF-α treatment of EPCs increased adhesion by increasing bond affinity. These data suggest that injured tissue could potentially increase recruitment of EPCs for tissue regeneration via the secretion of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Prisco
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael R Prisco
- Exponent Engineering and Scientific Consulting, Biomedical Engineering Practice, Warrenville, Illinois; and
| | - Brian E Carlson
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew S Greene
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
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Kaur G, Singh N, Lingeshwar P, Siddiqui HH, Hanif K. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: an emerging target in right ventricle dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:66-79. [PMID: 25481773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) was shown to be protective in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) and prevented right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) associated with it. However, molecular mechanism behind cardioprotection by PARP1 inhibition in PH still needs detailed exploration. Therefore, effect of inhibition of PARP1 on the right ventricle (RV) dysfunction was studied in monocrotaline (MCT) induced PH model. Following a single dose administration of MCT (60 mg/kg, s.c.), male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PARP1 inhibitor 1,5-Isoquinolinediol (ISO, 3 mg/kg, i.p.) for 35 days for preventive study and from day 21-35 for curative study. RV pressure (RVP) and RVH were measured after 35 days. Histophathological studies, PARP1 activity, mRNA and protein expression were studied in isolated RV. Oxidative and nitosative stress, inflammation and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) were also assessed. Mitochondrial dysfunction was studied by mitochondrial membrane permeability and estimation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apoptosis in RV was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 3 activity and cleaved PARP1 expression. PARP1 inhibition significantly reversed the increase in RVP and RVH in both preventive and curative treatment in the MCT-injected rats. ISO lowered oxidative and nitrosative stress and inflammation and restored the balance of MMPs/TIMP2 expression. PARP1 inhibition prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of cell death factors from mitochondria. ISO also decreased apoptosis by decreasing number of TUNEL positive cells, caspase 3 activity and PARP1 cleavage in RV. Thus, PARP1 inhibition ameliorated PH induced RV hypertrophy and may emerge as a new therapeutic target for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Poorella Lingeshwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rae Bareli 229010, India
| | | | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rae Bareli 229010, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Rasul A, Zhao BJ, Liu J, Liu B, Sun JX, Li J, Li XM. Molecular Mechanisms of Casticin Action: an Update on its Antitumor Functions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9049-58. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Watanabe Y, Motoi H, Oyama Y, Ichikawa K, Takeshita S, Mori M, Nezu A, Yokota S. Cyclosporine for acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:577-82. [PMID: 24418041 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common syndrome among the acute encephalopathies, and is associated with a high incidence of neurologic sequelae. This study examined the efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) for the treatment of AESD. METHODS Fourteen children with AESD were recruited and categorized as group A (not receiving CsA) and group B (receiving CsA). Clinical course, laboratory data, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients into three types according to the distribution of abnormalities on MRI: frontal lobe predominant type, unilateral cerebral hemisphere type, and diffuse type. We used the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale (PCPC) and the Pediatric Overall Performance Category scale (POPC) as prognostic measures. RESULTS Of the 14 children, five were boys (age range, 9-32 months). PCPC score was: 1 for seven patients, 2 for three patients, and 3 for four patients. There was no significant difference in PCPC between groups A and B (P = 0.293). POPC score was: 1 for six patients, 2 for five patients, and 3 for three patients. There was a significant difference in POPC between groups A and B when patients with the frontal lobe predominant type were excluded (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS CsA could improve the neurological prognosis of patients with AESD, except for those with frontal lobe predominant type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Yokota S, Kikuchi M, Nozawa T, Kanetaka T, Sato T, Yamazaki K, Sakurai N, Hara R, Mori M. Pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory diseases in childhood: "Lessons from clinical trials of anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies for Kawasaki disease, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome". Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:1-10. [PMID: 24842480 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.902747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has often been considered to be a nonspecific response and to play a bridging role in the activation of adaptive immunity. However, it is now accepted that inflammation is the product of an independent innate immune system closely linked to the adaptive immune system. The key mediators of inflammation are inflammatory cytokines, as determined by multiple lines of evidence both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the crucial role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, anti-cytokine treatment has been developed as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and inflammatory bowel diseases. We recently completed several clinical trials of anti-cytokine treatment for children with systemic inflammatory diseases: anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab) for children with two subtypes of JIA (poly-JIA and systemic JIA), anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody (infliximab) for children with Kawasaki disease, and anti-IL-1-β monoclonal antibody (canakinumab) for children with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. This review summarizes the basis of inflammation in terms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity in these systemic inflammatory diseases, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of these biologic agents, and attempts to determine the roles of individual inflammatory cytokines in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yokota
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
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Zhang W, Wu H, Liu L, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Phosphorylation Events in Selective Mitophagy: Possible Biochemical Markers? CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kholmukhamedov A, Logdon C, Hu J, McKinney RA, Spinale FG, Lemasters JJ, Mukherjee R. Cyclosporin A in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H53-9. [PMID: 24163074 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00079.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that an increase in apoptosis within the myocardium may be a contributing factor for the progression of late adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). Given that apoptosis is often triggered by induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA), an MPT blocker, to prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis and consequently attenuate late LV remodeling post-MI. MI was induced in C57BL/6 mice and then randomized to either vehicle or CsA groups. Beginning 48 h after surgery after infarction had already occurred, mice were gavaged with CsA (2 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily. LV end-diastolic volume and LV ejection fraction were assessed by echocardiography before MI induction and terminally at either 7 days (n = 7) or 28 days (n = 8) post-MI. LV end-diastolic volume increased and LV ejection fraction decreased in all MI groups with no difference between the CsA-treated and untreated groups. After vehicle and CsA, areas of necrosis were present at 7 and 28 days post-MI with no difference between treatment groups. Caspase-3 activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling in distal nonnecrotic LV both increased after MI but were lower in CsA-treated mice compared with vehicle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CsA decreased apoptosis occurring late after MI, confirming involvement of a CsA-sensitive MPT in the cell death. However, CsA-mediated reduction in apoptosis in non-MI myocardium was not beneficial against late pump dysfunction occurring during post-MI remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaleb Kholmukhamedov
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Cevik O, Adiguzel Z, Baykal AT, Somay G, Sener A. The apoptotic actions of platelets in acute ischemic stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6721-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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ROS generated by CYP450, especially CYP2E1, mediate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tetrandrine in rat hepatocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1229-36. [PMID: 23892269 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tetrandrine, an alkaloid with a remarkable pharmacological profile, induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes; however, mitochondria are not the direct target of tetrandrine, which prompts us to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in tetrandrine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the sources of oxidative stress. METHODS Rat primary hepatocytes were isolated by two-step collagenase perfusion. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by analyzing ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the mitochondrial permeability transition. The oxidative stress was evaluated by examining changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). RESULTS ROS scavengers largely attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by tetrandrine in rat hepatocytes, indicating the important role of ROS in the hepatotoxicity of tetrandrine. Of the multiple ROS inhibitors that were tested, only inhibitors of CYP450 (SKF-525A and others) reduced the ROS levels and ameliorated the depletion of GSH. Mitochondrial function assays showed that the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by tetrandrine was inhibited by SKF-525A and vitamin C (VC), both of which also rescued the depletion of ATP levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Upon inhibiting specific CYP450 isoforms, we observed that the inhibitors of CYP2D, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 attenuated the ATP depletion that occurred following tetrandrine exposure, whereas the inhibitors of CYP2D and CYP2E1 reduced the ROS induced by tetrandrine. Overexpression of CYP2E1 enhanced the tetrandrine-induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that CYP450 plays an important role in the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the administration of tetrandrine. ROS generated by CYP450, especially CYP2E1, may contribute to the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tetrandrine.
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Papadopoulos D, Siempis T, Theodorakou E, Tsoulfas G. Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury and trauma: current concepts. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2013; 2:63-70. [PMID: 24396796 PMCID: PMC3876547 DOI: 10.5812/atr.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Context Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a fascinating topic which has drawn a lot of interest in the last several years. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations. These include transplantation, liver resection, trauma, and vascular surgery. Evidence Acquisition The purpose of this review was to outline the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic I/R injury and present the latest approaches, both surgical and pharmacological, regarding the prevention of it. A comprehensive electronic literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed was performed to identify relative articles published within the last 2 years. Results The basic mechanism of hepatic ischemia – reperfusion injury is one of blood deprivation during ischemia, followed by the return of flow during reperfusion. It involves a complex series of events, such as mitochondrial deenergization, adenosine-5'-triphosphate depletion, alterations of electrolyte homeostasis, as well as Kupffer cell activation, oxidative stress changes and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine signaling. The great number of variable pathways, with several mediators interacting with each other, leads to a high number of candidates for potential therapeutic intervention. As far as surgical approaches are concerned, the modification of existing clamping techniques and the ischemic preconditioning are the most promising techniques till recently. In the search for novel techniques of protecting against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, many different strategies have been used in experimental models. The biggest part of this research lies around antioxidant therapy, but other potential solutions have been explored as well. Conclusions The management of hepatic trauma, in spite of the fact that it has become increasingly nonoperative, there still remains the possibility of hepatic resection in the hepatic trauma setting, especially in severe injuries. Hence, clinicians should be familiar with the concept of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and respond appropriately and timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Siempis
- 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Corresponding author: Thomas Siempis, 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. Tel: +30-6978659716, E-mail:
| | - Eleni Theodorakou
- 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsoulfas
- 1st Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Xia CF, Zhao J, Jin JC, Yuan L, Chen XY, Peng W, Jiang FL, Qin CQ, Dai J, Liu Y. Ce(III)-induced rice mitochondrial permeability transition investigated by spectroscopic and microscopic studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:284-91. [PMID: 23417494 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerium has been widely used as fertilizer and feed additives in agriculture, but it might finally impair human health by food chain accumulation with its dosage increased in environmental and crops samples. To resolve the conflict, we investigated the effects of Ce(III) on isolated rice mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) by examining mitochondrial swelling, transmembrane potential, membrane fluidity with spectroscopy, and observing the mitochondrial ultrastructure, meanwhile, the interaction site(s) and mechanism between Ce(III) and mitochondria were also studied. The results showed that the low level of Ce(III) had little effect on rice MPT, however, the higher level of Ce(III) could induce rice MPT, and the thiol (-SH) groups of membrane proteins (defined as "S" site) matched by Ce(III)-triggered rice MPT pore opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Fen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Marbella LE, Cho HS, Spence MM. Observing the translocation of a mitochondria-penetrating peptide with solid-state NMR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1674-82. [PMID: 23567916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of penetrating peptides that can target the mitochondria with high specificity was recently discovered. In this work, we developed a model inner mitochondrial membrane, equipped with a transmembrane gradient, suitable for solid-state NMR experiments. Using solid-state NMR, we observed a mitochondria-penetrating peptide interacting with the model inner mitochondrial membrane to gain insight into the mechanism of translocation. The paramagnetic relaxation effect due to Mn(2+) ions on (13)C magic angle spinning NMR was used to measure the insertion depth of the peptide and its distribution in each monolayer of the membrane. We found that at low peptide concentration the peptide binds to the outer leaflet and at high concentration, it crosses the hydrophobic bilayer core and is distributed in both leaflets. In both concentration regimes, the peptide binds at the C2 position on the lipid acyl chain. The mitochondria-penetrating peptide crossed to the inner leaflet of the model membranes without disrupting the lamellarity. These results provide evidence that supports the electroporation model of translocation. We estimated the energy associated with crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane. We found that the transmembrane potential provides sufficient energy for the peptide to cross the hydrophobic core, which is the most unfavorable step in translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Wang K, Lin B. Pathophysiological Significance of Hepatic Apoptosis. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2012; 2013:740149. [PMID: 27335822 PMCID: PMC4890876 DOI: 10.1155/2013/740149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a classical pathological feature in liver diseases caused by various etiological factors such as drugs, viruses, alcohol, and cholestasis. Hepatic apoptosis and its deleterious effects exacerbate liver function as well as involvement in fibrosis/cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. An imbalance between apoptotic and antiapoptotic capabilities is a prominent characteristic of liver injury. The regulation of apoptosis and antiapoptosis can be a pivotal step in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Bingliang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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41
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Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis in A-253 cell line. Inflamm Res 2012; 62:313-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Yokota S, Tanaka T, Kishimoto T. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of tocilizumab in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 4:387-97. [PMID: 23227116 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x12455960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), a subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, is characterized by systemic features, such as spiking fever, salmon-colored macular rash, serositis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and joint inflammation. It is also often complicated with growth retardation, osteoporosis, and sometimes macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) develops, a potentially fatal disease. Pathogenesis of SJIA and MAS is not yet fully understood, but activation of the innate immune system, which causes phagocytosis by dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and IL-18, is thought to be a primary abnormality associated with SJIA. Dysregulated production of IL-6 plays a major role in the development of systemic clinical features. The blockade of IL-6 might thus represent a novel strategy for the treatment of SJIA. Several phase II and III clinical trials of a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, proved its outstanding efficacy and tolerable safety profile for SJIA refractory to conventional treatment regimens. This resulted in the approval of tocilizumab for the treatment of SJIA in Japan, India, the EU and the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yokota
- Department of Paediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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43
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Bilateral ovariectomy in young rats: what happens in their livers during cecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012; 25:371-9. [PMID: 23089572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Pediatric ovarian masses comprise a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. Surgical methods consist of emergency or programmed surgery with tumoral resection and uni/bilateral oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy. We examined whether bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) worsens liver injury during the onset of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. DESIGN The rat groups were: sham, bilateral-OVX, sepsis, and OVX-sepsis. SETTINGS After OVX operation, rats were allowed to recover for 12 weeks. At the end of recovery, CLP was applied 16 hours after sepsis induction. MAIN OUTCOME There was a significant difference in the numerical density of hepatocytes only between the sepsis and the OVX-sepsis groups. Serum ALT and AST were increased significantly in the OVX-sepsis group. NF-κB activation after OVX increased after induction of sepsis. OVX-sepsis group showed marked thrombosis in portal vein branches and the central vein, degeneration in the bile ducts, and widespread ischemic areas in liver sections. Intra-inflammatory cell invasion was observed in both the portal and intrasinusoidal areas. DISCUSSION This study indicates that increases in liver NF-κB activity in ovariectomized rats following CLP-induced sepsis correlates with elevated levels of serum ALT and AST and with histopathologic changes in rat liver. Bilateral OVX therefore appears to play a role in the activation of NF-κB or in production of cytokines in liver cells. Thus, we provided novel insight into the effects of OVX on liver injury following CLP-induced sepsis.
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Paul S, Sengupta S, Bandyopadhyay TK, Bhattacharyya A. Stevioside Induced ROS-Mediated Apoptosis Through Mitochondrial Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:1087-94. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.712735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Sirtuin-4 modulates sensitivity to induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1827:38-49. [PMID: 23044393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The sustained opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is a decisive event in the onset of irreversible cell injury. The PTP is modulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous effectors, including mitochondrial membrane potential, ions and metabolites. Mitochondrial sirtuins have recently emerged as pivotal mediators of mitochondrial metabolism. In the present study, we demonstrate that sirt-4 modulates sensitivity to PTP onset induced by calcium and the oxidative cross linking reagent phenylarsine oxide, and PTP dependent cytotoxicity brought about by TNF or doxorubicin. Moreover, the ability of sirt-4 to modulate onset of the PTP is dependent on the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase-1.
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46
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Lu J, Miyakawa K, Roth RA, Ganey PE. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates the cytotoxicity of amiodarone in Hepa1c1c7 cells: roles of caspase activation and oxidative stress. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:164-78. [PMID: 23042730 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone (AMD), a class III antiarrhythmic drug, causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in human patients. We demonstrated previously that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in a rat model of AMD-induced hepatotoxicity under inflammatory stress. In this study, we developed a model in vitro to study the roles of caspase activation and oxidative stress in TNF potentiation of AMD cytotoxicity. AMD caused cell death in Hepa1c1c7 cells, and TNF cotreatment potentiated its toxicity. Activation of caspases 9 and 3/7 was observed in AMD/TNF-cotreated cells, and caspase inhibitors provided minor protection from cytotoxicity. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation were observed after treatment with AMD and were further elevated by TNF cotreatment. Adding water-soluble antioxidants (trolox, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, or ascorbate) produced only minor attenuation of AMD/TNF-induced cytotoxicity and did not influence the effect of AMD alone. On the other hand, α-tocopherol (TOCO), which reduced lipid peroxidation and ROS generation, prevented AMD toxicity and caused pronounced reduction in cytotoxicity from AMD/TNF cotreatment. α-TOCO plus a pancaspase inhibitor completely abolished AMD/TNF-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, activation of caspases and oxidative stress were observed after AMD/TNF cotreatment, and caspase inhibitors and a lipid-soluble free-radical scavenger attenuated AMD/TNF-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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47
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Curtis JM, Hahn WS, Stone MD, Inda JJ, Droullard DJ, Kuzmicic JP, Donoghue MA, Long EK, Armien AG, Lavandero S, Arriaga E, Griffin TJ, Bernlohr DA. Protein carbonylation and adipocyte mitochondrial function. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32967-80. [PMID: 22822087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonylation is the covalent, non-reversible modification of the side chains of cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues by lipid peroxidation end products such as 4-hydroxy- and 4-oxononenal. In adipose tissue the effects of such modifications are associated with increased oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation centered on mitochondrial energy metabolism. To address the role of protein carbonylation in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, quantitative proteomics was employed to identify specific targets of carbonylation in GSTA4-silenced or overexpressing 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GSTA4-silenced adipocytes displayed elevated carbonylation of several key mitochondrial proteins including the phosphate carrier protein, NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplexes 2 and 3, translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50, and valyl-tRNA synthetase. Elevated protein carbonylation is accompanied by diminished complex I activity, impaired respiration, increased superoxide production, and a reduction in membrane potential without changes in mitochondrial number, area, or density. Silencing of the phosphate carrier or NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplexes 2 or 3 in 3T3-L1 cells results in decreased basal and maximal respiration. These results suggest that protein carbonylation plays a major instigating role in cytokine-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and may be linked to the development of insulin resistance in the adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, USA
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Lee GJ, Jeong JH, Lee S, Choi S, Pak YK, Kim W, Park HK. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of heart mitochondria for evaluating the degree of myocardial injury utilizing atomic force microscopy. Micron 2012; 44:167-73. [PMID: 22809584 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in mediating both the necrotic and apoptotic components of reperfusion injury. Because mitochondrial swelling is one of the most important indicators of the beginning of mitochondrial permeability transition, quantification of morphological changes in mitochondria would be useful in evaluating the degree of IR injury, as well as the protective effects of various therapies. In this study, we characterized the morphological changes in heart mitochondria caused by the duration and severity of ischemia utilizing particle shape analysis on atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic images. We also simultaneously investigated the nano-mechanical changes in rat heart mitochondria by injury using force-distance curve measurements. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (n=3), myocardial ischemia without reperfusion (PI group, n=3), and myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (IR group, n=4). Normal mitochondria appeared ellipsoidal with a mean area of 3551±1559 nm(2) and mean perimeter of 217.54±52.09 nm (n=60). The mean area and perimeter of mitochondria in the IR groups increased to 28,181±21,248 nm(2) and 595.74±234.29 nm (n=40, p<0.0001 vs. control group, respectively), maintaining oval in shape. But, in the PI group, all parameters showed significant differences compared to parameters of the control group (n=35, p<0.0001). In particular, the mean axial ratio and roundness were significantly different from those in the IR group. Mitochondria in the PI group looked more spherical than those of control and IR groups. Adhesion force is the force before the last event on the retraction half of force-distance curve measurements, corresponding to the point where the tip and the surface loose contact. The adhesion forces of heart mitochondria in the IR and PI groups significantly decreased to 19.56±1.08 nN (n=30, p<0.0001) and 18.65±3.18 nN (n=30, p<0.0001), compared to normal mitochondria which had an adhesion force of 27.64±0.88 nN (n=30). Adhesion force is governed by the attractive portion of the interacting forces between the surface atoms of the contacts. From the morphological and nano-mechanical changes in heart mitochondria, we suggested that the outer membranes of mitochondria were broken by myocardial ischemic injury before they became swollen, and the swelling might be correlated with the ischemic injury. We inferred that the breakage of membranes leads to uptake of water and matrix swelling. As a result, shape measurement parameters for the quantitative analysis of mitochondrial swelling could be very effective for evaluating the myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Nakagawa H, Maeda S. Molecular mechanisms of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis: focusing on the role of stress-activated MAPK. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:172894. [PMID: 22666632 PMCID: PMC3361329 DOI: 10.1155/2012/172894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Short-term prognosis of patients with HCC has improved recently due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment, but long-term prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, obtaining a further understanding of the molecular carcinogenic mechanisms and the unique pathogenic biology of HCC is important. The most characteristic process in hepatocarcinogenesis is underlying chronic liver injury, which leads to repeated cycles of hepatocyte death, inflammation, and compensatory proliferation and subsequently provides a mitogenic and mutagenic environment leading to the development of HCC. Recent in vivo studies have shown that the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade converging on c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 plays a central role in these processes, and it has attracted considerable attention as a therapeutic target. However, JNK and p38 have complex functions and a wide range of cellular effects. In addition, crosstalk with each other and the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway further complicate these functions. A full understanding is essential to bring these observations into clinical settings. In this paper, we discuss the latest findings regarding the mechanisms of liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis focusing on the role of the stress-activated MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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50
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Hattori Y, Kojima T, Kato D, Matsubara H, Takigawa M, Ishiguro N. A selective estrogen receptor modulator inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:418-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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