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Zhou CJ, Wang XY, Han Z, Wang DH, Ma YZ, Liang CG. Loss of CENPF leads to developmental failure in mouse embryos. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2784-2799. [PMID: 31478449 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1661173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy caused by abnormal chromosome segregation during early embryo development leads to embryonic death or congenital malformation. Centromere protein F (CENPF) is a member of centromere protein family that regulates chromosome segregation during mitosis. However, its necessity in early embryo development has not been fully investigated. In this study, expression and function of CENPF was investigated in mouse early embryogenesis. Detection of CENPF expression and localization revealed a cytoplasm, spindle and nuclear membrane related dynamic pattern throughout mitotic progression. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) was employed to inhibit CENPF farnesylation in zygotes. The results showed that CENPF degradation was inhibited and its specific localization on nuclear membranes in morula and blastocyst vanished after FTI treatment. Also, CAAX motif mutation leads to failure of CENPF-C630 localization in morula and blastocyst. These results indicate that farnesylation plays a key role during CENPF degradation and localization in early embryos. To further assess CENPF function in parthenogenetic or fertilized embryos development, morpholino (MO) and Trim-Away were used to disturb CENPF function. CENPF knockdown in Metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes or embryos with MO approach resulted in failure to develop into morulae and blastocysts, revealing its indispensable role in both parthenogenetic and fertilized embryos. Disturbing of CENPF with Trim-Away approach in zygotes resulted in impaired development of 2-cell and 4-cell, but did not affect the morula and blastocyst formation because of the recovered expression of CENPF. Taken together, our data suggest CENPF plays an important role during early embryonic development in mice. Abbreviation: CENPF: centromere protein F; MO: morpholino; FTI: Farnesyltransferase inhibitor; CENPE: centromere protein E; IVF: in vitro fertilization; MII: metaphase II; SAC: spindle assembly checkpoint; Mad1: mitotic arrest deficient 1; BUB1: budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1; BUBR1: BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B; Cdc20: cell division cycle 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jie Zhou
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yue Wang
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhen Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- The Research Centre for Laboratory Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
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Peterka M, Kornmann B. Miro-dependent mitochondrial pool of CENP-F and its farnesylated C-terminal domain are dispensable for normal development in mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008050. [PMID: 30856164 PMCID: PMC6428352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CENP-F is a large, microtubule-binding protein that regulates multiple cellular processes including chromosome segregation and mitochondrial trafficking at cytokinesis. This multiplicity of functions is mediated through the binding of various partners, like Bub1 at the kinetochore and Miro at mitochondria. Due to the multifunctionality of CENP-F, the cellular phenotypes observed upon its depletion are difficult to interpret and there is a need to genetically separate its different functions by preventing binding to selected partners. Here we engineer a CENP-F point-mutant that is deficient in Miro binding and thus is unable to localize to mitochondria, but retains other localizations. We introduce this mutation in cultured human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system and show it causes a defect in mitochondrial spreading similar to that observed upon Miro depletion. We further create a mouse model carrying this CENP-F variant, as well as truncated CENP-F mutants lacking the farnesylated C-terminus of the protein. Importantly, one of these truncations leads to ~80% downregulation of CENP-F expression. We observe that, despite the phenotypes apparent in cultured cells, mutant mice develop normally. Taken together, these mice will serve as important models to study CENP-F biology at organismal level. In addition, because truncations of CENP-F in humans cause a lethal disease termed Strømme syndrome, they might also be relevant disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Peterka
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Program, Zurich Life-Science Graduate School, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Abstract
In metazoans, the assembly of kinetochores on centrometric chromatin and the dismantling of nuclear pore complexes are processes that have to be tightly coordinated to ensure the proper assembly of the mitotic spindle and a successful mitosis. It is therefore noteworthy that these two macromolecular assemblies share a subset of constituents. One of these multifaceted components is Cenp-F, a protein implicated in cancer and developmental pathologies. During the cell cycle, Cenp-F localizes in multiple cellular structures including the nuclear envelope in late G2/early prophase and kinetochores throughout mitosis. We recently characterized the molecular determinants of Cenp-F interaction with Nup133, a structural nuclear pore constituent. In parallel with two other independent studies, we further elucidated the mechanisms governing Cenp-F kinetochore recruitment that mainly relies on its interaction with Bub1, with redundant contribution of Cenp-E upon acute microtubule depolymerisation. Here we synthesize the current literature regarding the dual location of Cenp-F at nuclear pores and kinetochores and extend our discussion to the regulation of these NPC and kinetochore localizations by mitotic kinase and spindle microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Berto
- a Institut Jacques Monod , UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b Ecole Doctorale Structure et Dynamique des Systèmes Vivants (#577) , Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Valérie Doye
- a Institut Jacques Monod , UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
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Ciossani G, Overlack K, Petrovic A, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Koerner C, Wohlgemuth S, Maffini S, Musacchio A. The kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F directly and specifically interact with distinct BUB mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10084-10101. [PMID: 29748388 PMCID: PMC6028960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The segregation of chromosomes during cell division relies on the function of the kinetochores, protein complexes that physically connect chromosomes with microtubules of the spindle. The metazoan proteins, centromere protein E (CENP-E) and CENP-F, are components of a fibrous layer of mitotic kinetochores named the corona. Several of their features suggest that CENP-E and CENP-F are paralogs: they are very large (comprising ∼2700 and 3200 residues, respectively), contain abundant predicted coiled-coil structures, are C-terminally prenylated, and are endowed with microtubule-binding sites at their termini. Moreover, CENP-E contains an ATP-hydrolyzing motor domain that promotes microtubule plus end–directed motion. Here, we show that both CENP-E and CENP-F are recruited to mitotic kinetochores independently of the main corona constituent, the Rod/Zwilch/ZW10 (RZZ) complex. We identified specific interactions of CENP-F and CENP-E with budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) and BUB1-related (BUBR1) mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases, respectively, paralogous proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint control and chromosome alignment. Whereas BUBR1 was dispensable for kinetochore localization of CENP-E, BUB1 was stringently required for CENP-F localization. Through biochemical reconstitution, we demonstrated that the CENP-E/BUBR1 and CENP-F/BUB1 interactions are direct and require similar determinants, a dimeric coiled-coil in CENP-E or CENP-F and a kinase domain in BUBR1 or BUB1. Our findings are consistent with the existence of structurally similar BUB1/CENP-F and BUBR1/CENP-E complexes, supporting the notion that CENP-E and CENP-F are evolutionarily related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciossani
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Katharina Overlack
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Carolin Koerner
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Stefano Maffini
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and .,the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Berto A, Yu J, Morchoisne-Bolhy S, Bertipaglia C, Vallee R, Dumont J, Ochsenbein F, Guerois R, Doye V. Disentangling the molecular determinants for Cenp-F localization to nuclear pores and kinetochores. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744742. [PMID: 29632243 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cenp-F is a multifaceted protein implicated in cancer and developmental pathologies. The Cenp-F C-terminal region contains overlapping binding sites for numerous proteins that contribute to its functions throughout the cell cycle. Here, we focus on the nuclear pore protein Nup133 that interacts with Cenp-F both at nuclear pores in prophase and at kinetochores in mitosis, and on the kinase Bub1, known to contribute to Cenp-F targeting to kinetochores. By combining in silico structural modeling and yeast two-hybrid assays, we generate an interaction model between a conserved helix within the Nup133 β-propeller and a short leucine zipper-containing dimeric segment of Cenp-F. We thereby create mutants affecting the Nup133/Cenp-F interface and show that they prevent Cenp-F localization to the nuclear envelope, but not to kinetochores. Conversely, a point mutation within an adjacent leucine zipper affecting the kinetochore targeting of Cenp-F KT-core domain impairs its interaction with Bub1, but not with Nup133, identifying Bub1 as the direct KT-core binding partner of Cenp-F. Finally, we show that Cenp-E redundantly contributes together with Bub1 to the recruitment of Cenp-F to kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Berto
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale Structure et Dynamique des Systèmes Vivants (#577), Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jinchao Yu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Chiara Bertipaglia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Dumont
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francoise Ochsenbein
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Raphael Guerois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Doye
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Xu H, Fu Y, Qian T, Bo D, Lu YX, Xiong Y, Wan J, Zhang X, Dong Q, Chen XJ. Dync1h1 Mutation Causes Proprioceptive Sensory Neuron Loss and Impaired Retrograde Axonal Transport of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:593-601. [PMID: 27080913 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sprawling (Swl) is a radiation-induced mutation which has been identified to have a nine base pair deletion in dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1: encoded by a single gene Dync1h1). This study is to investigate the phenotype and the underlying mechanism of the Dync1h1 mutant. METHODS AND RESULTS To display the phenotype of Swl mutant mice, we examined the embryos of homozygous (Swl/Swl) and heterozygous (Swl/+) mice and their postnatal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of surviving Swl/+ mice. The Swl/+ mice could survive for a normal life span, while Swl/Swl could only survive till embryonic (E) 8.5 days. Excessive apoptosis of Swl/+ DRG neurons was revealed during E11.5-E15.5 days, and the peak rate was at E13.5 days. In vitro study of mutated DRG neurons showed impaired retrograde transport of dynein-driven nerve growth factor (NGF). Mitochondria, another dynein-driven cargo, demonstrated much slower retrograde transport velocity in Swl/+ neurons than in wild-type (WT) neurons. Nevertheless, the Swl, Loa, and Cra mutations did not affect homodimerization of DYNC1H1. CONCLUSION The Swl/Swl mutation of Dync1h1 gene led to embryonic mal-development and lethality, whereas the Swl/+ DRG neurons demonstrated deficient retrograde transport in dynein-driven cargos and excessive apoptosis during mid- to late-developmental stages. The underlying mechanism of the mutation may not be due to impaired homodimerization of DYNC1H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting Qian
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Bo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xin Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tan T, Chen Z, Lei Y, Zhu Y, Liang Q. A regulatory effect of INMAP on centromere proteins: antisense INMAP induces CENP-B variation and centromeric halo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91937. [PMID: 24633075 PMCID: PMC3954832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CENP-B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates the assembly of specific centromere structures both in interphase nuclei and on mitotic chromosomes. INMAP is a conserved protein that localizes at nucleus in interphase cells and at mitotic apparatus in mitotic cells. Our previous results showed that INMAP over-expression leads to spindle defects, mitotic arrest and formation of polycentrosomal and multinuclear cells, indicating that INMAP may modulate the function of (a) key protein(s) in mitotic apparatus. In this study, we demonstrate that INMAP interacts with CENP-B and promotes cleavage of the N-terminal DNA binding domain from CENP-B. The cleaved CENP-B cannot associate with centromeres and thus lose its centromere-related functions. Consistent with these results, CENP-B in INMAP knockdown cells becomes more diffused around kinetochores. Although INMAP knockdown cells do not exhibit gross defects in mitotic spindle formation, these cells go through mitosis, especially prophase and metaphase, with different relative timing, indicating subtle abnormality. These results identify INMAP as a model regulator of CENP-B and support the notion that INMAP regulates mitosis through modulating CENP-B-mediated centromere organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development / Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development / Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Welner S, Trier NH, Frisch M, Locht H, Hansen PR, Houen G. Correlation between centromere protein-F autoantibodies and cancer analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:95. [PMID: 23978088 PMCID: PMC3844405 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Centromere protein-F (CENP-F) is a large nuclear protein of 367 kDa, which is involved in multiple mitosis-related events such as proper assembly of the kinetochores, stabilization of heterochromatin, chromosome alignment and mitotic checkpoint signaling. Several studies have shown a correlation between CENP-F and cancer, e.g. the expression of CENP-F has been described to be upregulated in cancer cells. Furthermore, several studies have described a significant correlation between the expression of autoantibodies to CENP-F and cancer. Methods Autoantibodies to CENP-F were detected in a small number of samples during routine indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) using HEp-2 cells as substrate. Using overlapping synthetic peptides covering a predicted structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) domain, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of CENP-F antibodies. Results Analyzing the reactivity of the sera positive in IIF for CENP-F antibodies to overlapping CENP-F peptides, we showed that autoantibodies to several peptides correlate with the presence of antibodies to CENP-F and a diagnosis of cancer, as increased CENP-F antibody expression specific for malignant cancer patients to five peptides was found (A9, A12, A14, A16, A27). These antibodies to CENP-F in clinical samples submitted for ANA analysis were found to have a positive predictive value for cancer of 50%. Furthermore, the expression of cancer-correlated CENP-F antibodies seemed to increase as a function of time from diagnosis. Conclusion These results conform to previous findings that approximately 50% of those patients clinically tested for ANA analyses who express CENP-F antibodies are diagnosed with cancer, confirming that these antibodies may function as circulating tumor markers. Thus, a peptide-based CENP-F ELISA focused on the SMC domain may aid in identifying individuals with a potential cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Welner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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9
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Du J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhu X. Involvement of Cenp-F in interphase chromatin organization possibly through association with DNA-dependent protein kinase. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:839-46. [PMID: 20978035 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cenp-F (also named mitosin) is a 350-kDa human kinetochore protein important for the mitotic progression. It is also a nuclear matrix protein in interphase cells. Here, we showed that overexpression of N-terminal deletion mutants of Cenp-F containing the C-terminal 112 residues induced chromatin condensation into numerous aggregates of varying sizes in interphase nucleus, colocalizing with the exogenous proteins. In situ hybridization using whole chromosome painting probes indicated that the chromatin aggregates were not prematurely condensed individual chromosomes. Neither were they due to apoptosis. We provided evidence showing association of Cenp-F with certain regions of interphase chromatin fibers. Cenp-F associated with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a trimeric protein complex critical for genome homeostasis. Moreover, the DNA-PK association activity of Cenp-F mutants correlated with their ability to induce chromatin aggregation. These results imply a role of Cenp-F in organization of interphase chromatin through association and possibly regulation of DNA-PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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10
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Du J, Li Y, Zhu X. Involvement of CENP-F in histone methylation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:173-6. [PMID: 20213041 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CENP-F (also named mitosin) is a multifunctional protein of 350 kDa. In interphase, it is a nuclear protein, whereas in M phase it localizes to the kinetochore, the major microtubule-binding structure on chromosomes essential for chromosome segregation. CENP-F is also critical for myocyte differentiation through the interaction with Rb. It binds to ATF4 and negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of ATF4. It is also important for mitotic progression. Here we show that depletion of CENP-F by RNAi markedly downregulated the methylation of histone H3 at K4 and K9. Consistently, association of HP1a with mitotic chromosomes was largely decreased. These results uncover a novel role of CENP-F in regulation of epigenetic modification on histone H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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11
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Ding C, Liang X, Ma L, Yuan X, Zhu X. Opposing effects of Ndel1 and alpha1 or alpha2 on cytoplasmic dynein through competitive binding to Lis1. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2820-7. [PMID: 19622634 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.048777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lis1 is an essential protein whose insufficiency causes aberrant neuronal positioning during neocortical development. It is believed to regulate both cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule minus-end-directed motor, through direct interaction, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) Ib by complexing with the catalytic subunits alpha1 and alpha2. Although alpha1 and alpha2 are highly expressed in brain, their deficiencies fail to cause brain abnormality. Here, we show that overexpression of alpha2 or alpha1 results in inactivation of dynein characterized by Golgi and endosome dispersion and mitotic delay. Further overexpression of Lis1 or Ndel1, a Lis1- and dynein-binding protein that is also crucial for dynein function, restored Golgi and endosome distribution. Biochemical assays showed that alpha1 and especially alpha2, were able to compete against Ndel1 and dynein for Lis1 binding in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of alpha2 in developing rat brain repressed the radial migration of neurons and mitotic progression of neuroprogenitors. By contrast, a Lis1-binding-defective point mutant, alpha2(E39D), was ineffective in the above assays. These results indicate an antagonistic effect of alpha1, alpha2 and Ndel1 for Lis1 binding, probably to modulate dynein functions in vivo. They also help to explain why brain development is particularly sensitive to a decrease in Lis1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Brendle A, Brandt A, Johansson R, Enquist K, Hallmans G, Hemminki K, Lenner P, Försti A. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in chromosomal instability genes and risk and clinical outcome of breast cancer: a Swedish prospective case-control study. Eur J Cancer 2008; 45:435-42. [PMID: 19008095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a major characteristic of many cancers. We investigated whether putatively functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to CIN (CENPF, ESPL1, NEK2, PTTG1, ZWILCH, ZWINT) affect breast cancer (BC) risk and clinical outcome in a Swedish cohort of 749 incident BC cases with detailed clinical data and up to 15 years of follow-up and 1493 matched controls. As a main observation, carriers of the A allele of the CENPF SNP rs438034 had a worse BC-specific survival compared to the wild type genotype GG carriers (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-5.90), although they were less likely to have regional lymph node metastases (odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-1.01) and tumours of stage II-IV (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99). As there is increasing evidence that CENPF is associated with poor prognosis in patients with primary BC, further independent studies are needed to clarify the importance of genetic variation in the CENPF gene in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brendle
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology C050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Tarailo M, Tarailo S, Rose AM. Synthetic lethal interactions identify phenotypic "interologs" of the spindle assembly checkpoint components. Genetics 2007; 177:2525-30. [PMID: 18073444 PMCID: PMC2219473 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.080408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report genetic interactions with mdf-1(gk2)/MAD1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nine are evolutionarily conserved or phenotypic "interologs" and two are novel enhancers, hcp-1 and bub-3. We show that HCP-1 and HCP-2, the two CENP-F-related proteins, recently implicated in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) function, do not have identical functions, since hcp-1(RNAi), but not hcp-2(RNAi), enhances the lethality of the SAC mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Tarailo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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14
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Liang Y, Yu W, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang Q, Wang F, Yang Z, Du J, Huang Q, Yao X, Zhu X. Nudel modulates kinetochore association and function of cytoplasmic dynein in M phase. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2656-66. [PMID: 17494871 PMCID: PMC1924840 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-04-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-based motor cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin is a force generator at the kinetochore. It also transports proteins away from kinetochores to spindle poles. Regulation of such diverse functions, however, is poorly understood. We have previously shown that Nudel is critical for dynein-mediated protein transport, whereas mitosin, a kinetochore protein that binds Nudel, is involved in retention of kinetochore dynein/dynactin against microtubule-dependent stripping. Here we demonstrate that Nudel is required for robust localization of dynein/dynactin at the kinetochore. It localizes to kinetochores after nuclear envelope breakdown, depending mostly ( approximately 78%) on mitosin and slightly on dynein/dynactin. Depletion of Nudel by RNA interference (RNAi) or overexpression of its mutant incapable of binding either Lis1 or dynein heavy chain abolishes the kinetochore protein transport and mitotic progression. Similar to mitosin RNAi, Nudel RNAi also leads to increased stripping of kinetochore dynein/dynactin in the presence of microtubules. Taking together, our results suggest a dual role of kinetochore Nudel: it activates dynein-mediated protein transport and, when interacting with both mitosin and dynein, stabilizes kinetochore dynein/dynactin against microtubule-dependent stripping to facilitate the force generation function of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Wei Yu
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Yan Li
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Lihou Yu
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Qiangge Zhang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Fubin Wang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Zhenye Yang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Juan Du
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Qiongping Huang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences and the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
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15
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Varis A, Salmela AL, Kallio MJ. Cenp-F (mitosin) is more than a mitotic marker. Chromosoma 2006; 115:288-95. [PMID: 16565862 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-005-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cenp-F (mitosin) is a large coiled-coil protein whose function has remained obscure since its identification a decade ago. It has been suggested that the protein plays a role in the kinetochore-mediated mitotic functions but until recently there was little evidence to support this postulation. Recent results from five laboratories have given insights on how Cenp-F may participate in the regulation of cell division. In this mini-review, we will summarize the current data regarding the mitotic tasks of Cenp-F as well as discuss how it is used as a proliferation marker of malignant cell growth in the clinic. Also, the protein's post-translational modification by farnesylation and potential contribution to cell cycle effects of farnesyl transferase inhibitors will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Varis
- Cancer Biology and Cell Screening Department, VTT Medical Biotechnology, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20521, Turku, Finland
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16
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Ma L, Zhao X, Zhu X. Mitosin/CENP-F in mitosis, transcriptional control, and differentiation. J Biomed Sci 2006; 13:205-13. [PMID: 16456711 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-9057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosin/CENP-F is a large nuclear/kinetochore protein containing multiple leucine zipper motifs potentially for protein interactions. Its expression levels and subcellular localization patterns are regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested it a multifunctional protein involved in mitotic control, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional regulation, and muscle cell differentiation. Consistently, it is shown to interact directly with a variety of proteins including CENP-E, NudE/Nudel, ATF4, and Rb. Here we review the current progress and discuss possible mechanisms through which mitosin may function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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17
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Yang Z, Guo J, Chen Q, Ding C, Du J, Zhu X. Silencing mitosin induces misaligned chromosomes, premature chromosome decondensation before anaphase onset, and mitotic cell death. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:4062-74. [PMID: 15870278 PMCID: PMC1087709 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.10.4062-4074.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosin (also named CENP-F) is a large human nuclear protein transiently associated with the outer kinetochore plate in M phase. Using RNA interference and fluorescence microscopy, we showed that mitosin depletion attenuated chromosome congression and led to metaphase arrest with misaligned polar chromosomes whose kinetochores showed few cold-stable microtubules. Kinetochores of fully aligned chromosomes often failed to show orientation in the direction of the spindle long axis. Moreover, tension across their sister kinetochores was decreased by 53% on average. These phenotypes collectively imply defects in motor functions in mitosin-depleted cells and are similar to those of CENP-E depletion. Consistently, the intensities of CENP-E and cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin, which are motors controlling microtubule attachment and chromosome movement, were reduced at the kinetochore in a microtubule-dependent manner. In addition, after being arrested in pseudometaphase for approximately 2 h, mitosin-depleted cells died before anaphase initiation through apoptosis. The dying cells exhibited progressive chromosome arm decondensation, while the centromeres were still associated with spindles. Mitosin is therefore essential for full chromosome alignment, possibly by promoting proper kinetochore attachments through modulating CENP-E and dynein functions. Its depletion also prematurely triggers chromosome decondensation, a process that normally occurs from telophase for the nucleus reassembly, thus resulting in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Soukoulis V, Reddy S, Pooley RD, Feng Y, Walsh CA, Bader DM. Cytoplasmic LEK1 is a regulator of microtubule function through its interaction with the LIS1 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:8549-54. [PMID: 15939891 PMCID: PMC1150833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502303102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 and nuclear distribution gene E (NudE) are partner proteins in a conserved pathway regulating the function of dynein and microtubules. Here, we present data that cytoplasmic LEK1 (cytLEK1), a large protein containing a spectrin repeat and multiple leucine zippers, is a component of this pathway through its direct interaction with NudE, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid screen. We identified the binding domains in each molecule, and coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization studies confirmed the specificity of the interaction between cytLEK1 and NudE. Confocal deconvolution analysis revealed that cytLEK1 exhibits colocalization with endogenous NudE and with the known NudE binding partners, LIS1 and dynein. By localizing the NudE-binding domain of cytLEK1 to a small domain within the molecule, we were able to disrupt cytLEK1 function by using a dominant negative approach in addition to LEK1 knockdown and, thus, examine the role of the cytLEK1-NudE interaction in cells. Consistent with a defect in the LIS1 pathway, disruption of cytLEK1 function resulted in alteration of microtubule organization and cellular shape. The microtubule network of cells became tightly focused around the nucleus and resulted in a rounded cell shape. Additionally, cells exhibited a severe inability to repolymerize their microtubule networks after nocodazole challenge. Taken together, our studies revealed that cytLEK1 is essential for cellular functions regulated by the LIS1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Soukoulis
- Stahlman Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Program for Developmental Biology, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA
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19
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Zhou X, Wang R, Fan L, Li Y, Ma L, Yang Z, Yu W, Jing N, Zhu X. Mitosin/CENP-F as a negative regulator of activating transcription factor-4. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:13973-7. [PMID: 15677469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414310200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosin/CENP-F is a human nuclear matrix protein with multiple leucine zipper motifs. Its accumulation in S-G2 phases and transient kinetochore localization in mitosis suggest a multifunctional protein for cell proliferation. Moreover, its murine and avian orthologs are implicated in myocyte differentiation. Here we report its interaction with activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), a ubiquitous basic leucine zipper transcription factor important for proliferation, differentiation, and stress response. The C-terminal portion of mitosin between residues 2488 and 3113 bound to ATF4 through two distinct domains, one of which was a leucine zipper motif. Mitosin mutants containing these domains were able to either supershift or disrupt the ATF4-DNA complex. On the other hand, ATF4, but not ATF1-3 or ATF6, interacted with mitosin through a region containing the basic leucine zipper motif. Moreover, overexpression of full-length mitosin repressed the transactivation activity of ATF4 in dual luciferase-based reporter assays, while knocking down mitosin expression manifested the opposite effects. These findings suggest mitosin to be a negative regulator of ATF4 in interphase through direct interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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20
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Liang Y, Yu W, Li Y, Yang Z, Yan X, Huang Q, Zhu X. Nudel functions in membrane traffic mainly through association with Lis1 and cytoplasmic dynein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 164:557-66. [PMID: 14970193 PMCID: PMC2171987 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200308058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nudel and Lis1 appear to regulate cytoplasmic dynein in neuronal migration and mitosis through direct interactions. However, whether or not they regulate other functions of dynein remains elusive. Herein, overexpression of a Nudel mutant defective in association with either Lis1 or dynein heavy chain is shown to cause dispersions of membranous organelles whose trafficking depends on dynein. In contrast, the wild-type Nudel and the double mutant that binds to neither protein are much less effective. Time-lapse microscopy for lysosomes reveals significant reduction in both frequencies and velocities of their minus end–directed motions in cells expressing the dynein-binding defective mutant, whereas neither the durations of movement nor the plus end–directed motility is considerably altered. Moreover, silencing Nudel expression by RNA interference results in Golgi apparatus fragmentation and cell death. Together, it is concluded that Nudel is critical for dynein motor activity in membrane transport and possibly other cellular activities through interactions with both Lis1 and dynein heavy chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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21
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Esguerra RL, Jia L, Kaneko T, Sakamoto K, Okada N, Takagi M. Immunohistochemical analysis of centromere protein F expression in buccal and gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Int 2004; 54:82-9. [PMID: 14720137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2004.01596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Centromere protein F (CENP-F) expression (localization and characteristics) in relation to tumor clinicopathological parameters was immunohistochemically examined and evaluated in 47 archival biopsy specimens of buccal and gingival squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Centromere protein F expression was detected in 79% of the samples. An increase in the labeling index (LI) with WHO grading was obtained (P < 0.05). Correlations were obtained between the CENP-F LI and tumor size (P < 0.05). Immunoelectron microscopy showed CENP-F nuclear staining as punctate or fine dots. The present study shows that CENP-F expression and detection of a more specific cell subpopulation presents a theoretical advantage for the analysis of the precise cell cycle of G2 to M cells, compared to Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renelson L Esguerra
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Yang ZY, Guo J, Li N, Qian M, Wang SN, Zhu XL. Mitosin/CENP-F is a conserved kinetochore protein subjected to cytoplasmic dynein-mediated poleward transport. Cell Res 2003; 13:275-83. [PMID: 12974617 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosin/CENP-F is a human nuclear protein transiently associated with the outer kinetochore plate in M phase and is involved in M phase progression. LEK1 and CMF1, which are its murine and chicken orthologs, however, are implicated in muscle differentiation and reportedly not distributed at kinetochores. We therefore conducted several assays to clarify this issue. The typical centromere staining patterns were observed in mitotic cells from both human primary culture and murine, canine, and mink cell lines. A C-terminal portion of LEK1 also conferred centromere localization. Our analysis further suggests conserved kinetochore localization of mammalian mitosin orthologs. Moreover, mitosin was associated preferentially with kinetochores of unaligned chromosomes. It was also constantly transported from kinetochores to spindle poles by cytoplasmic dynein. These properties resemble those of other kinetochore proteins important for the spindle checkpoint, thus implying a role of mitosin in this checkpoint. Therefore, mitosin family may serve as multifunctional proteins involved in both mitosis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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23
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Yan X, Li F, Liang Y, Shen Y, Zhao X, Huang Q, Zhu X. Human Nudel and NudE as regulators of cytoplasmic dynein in poleward protein transport along the mitotic spindle. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:1239-50. [PMID: 12556484 PMCID: PMC141156 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.4.1239-1250.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the idea that a signaling pathway containing orthologs of at least mammalian NudE and Nudel, Lis1, and cytoplasmic dynein is conserved for eukaryotic nuclear migration. In mammals, this pathway has profound impact on neuronal migration during development of the central nervous system. Lis1 and dynein are also involved in other cellular functions, such as mitosis. Here we show that Nudel also participates in a subset of dynein function in M phase. Nudel was specifically phosphorylated in M phase in its serine/threonine phosphorylation motifs, probably by Cdc2 and also Erk1 and -2. A fraction of Nudel bound to centrosomes strongly in interphase and localized to mitotic spindles in early M phase. By using mutants incapable of or simulating phosphorylation, we confirmed that phosphorylation of Nudel regulated the cell-cycle-dependent distribution, possibly by increasing its dissociation rate at the microtubule-organizing center. Moreover, phosphorylated Nudel or the phosphorylation-mimicking mutant bound Lis1 more efficiently. We further demonstrated that a Nudel mutant incapable of binding to Lis1 impaired the poleward movement of dynein and hence the dynein-mediated transport of kinetochore proteins to spindle poles along microtubules, a process contributing to inactivation of the spindle checkpoint in mitosis. These results point to the importance of Nudel-Lis1 interaction for the dynein activity in M phase and to a possible role of Nudel phosphorylation as facilitating such interaction. In addition, comparative studies suggest that NudE is also functionally related to its paralog, Nudel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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24
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Abstract
Studies of the retinoblastoma gene (Rb) have shown that its protein product (pRb) acts to restrict cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and promote cell differentiation. The frequent mutation of the Rb gene, and the functional inactivation of pRb in tumor cells, have spurred interest in the mechanism of pRb action. Recently, much attention has focused on pRb's role in the regulation of the E2F transcription factor. However, biochemical studies have suggested that E2F is only one of many pRb-targets and, to date, at least 110 cellular proteins have been reported to associate with pRb. The plethora of pRb-binding proteins raises several important questions. How many functions does pRb possess, which of these functions are important for development, and which contribute to tumor suppression? The goal of this review is to summarize the current literature of pRb-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Morris
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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25
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Ashar HR, James L, Gray K, Carr D, Black S, Armstrong L, Bishop WR, Kirschmeier P. Farnesyl transferase inhibitors block the farnesylation of CENP-E and CENP-F and alter the association of CENP-E with the microtubules. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:30451-7. [PMID: 10852915 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003469200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumor cell lines that are sensitive to the effects of farnesyl transferase inhibitors accumulate in G(2) --> M (except for cells with an activated Ha-ras that accumulate in G(1)). A search for CAAX box proteins from Swiss-Prot revealed more than 300 peptides. Of these, the centromeric proteins CENP-E and CENP-F are preferentially expressed during mitosis and are implicated as mediators of the G(2) --> M checkpoint. Experiments performed here show that peptides from the COOH-terminal CAAX box of CENP-E and CENP-F are substrates for farnesyl transferase but not geranylgeranyl transferase-I. Although both proteins are prenylated in the human tumor cell line DLD-1, their prenylation is completely inhibited by the farnesyl transferase inhibitor, SCH 66336. Immunohistochemical data with the lung carcinoma cell line, A549, showed that preventing the farnesylation of CENP-E and CENP-F by treatment with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH 66336 does not affect their localization to the kinetochores. However, the presence of farnesyl transferase inhibitors alters the association between CENP-E and the microtubules. Our results imply that the inhibition of CENP-E farnesylation results in the alteration of the microtubule-centromere interaction during mitosis and results in the accumulation of cells prior to metaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ashar
- Department of Tumor Biology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
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