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Hu C, Chen Z, Wang G, Yang H, Ding J. Biochemical and structural characterization of the DNA-binding properties of human TRIP4 ASCH domain reveals insights into its functional role. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00189-8. [PMID: 38870938 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
TRIP4 is a conserved transcriptional coactivator that is involved in the regulation of the expression of multiple genes. It consists of a classical N-terminal C2HC5-like zinc-finger domain and a conserved C-terminal ASCH domain. Here, we characterized the DNA-binding properties of the human TRIP4 ASCH domain. Our biochemical data show that TRIP4-ASCH has comparable binding affinities toward ssDNA and dsDNA of different lengths, sequences, and structures. The crystal structures reveal that TRIP4-ASCH binds to DNA substrates in a sequence-independent manner through two adjacent positively charged surface patches: one binds to the 5'-end of DNA, and the other binds to the 3'-end of DNA. Further mutagenesis experiments and binding assays confirm the functional roles of key residues involved in DNA binding. In summary, our data demonstrate that TRIP4-ASCH binds to the 5' and 3'-ends of DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which will facilitate further studies of the biological function of TRIP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Hu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jianping Ding
- Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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2
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Jia J, Hilal T, Bohnsack KE, Chernev A, Tsao N, Bethmann J, Arumugam A, Parmely L, Holton N, Loll B, Mosammaparast N, Bohnsack MT, Urlaub H, Wahl MC. Extended DNA threading through a dual-engine motor module of the activating signal co-integrator 1 complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1886. [PMID: 37019967 PMCID: PMC10076317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating signal co-integrator 1 complex (ASCC) subunit 3 (ASCC3) supports diverse genome maintenance and gene expression processes, and contains tandem Ski2-like NTPase/helicase cassettes crucial for these functions. Presently, the molecular mechanisms underlying ASCC3 helicase activity and regulation remain unresolved. We present cryogenic electron microscopy, DNA-protein cross-linking/mass spectrometry as well as in vitro and cellular functional analyses of the ASCC3-TRIP4 sub-module of ASCC. Unlike the related spliceosomal SNRNP200 RNA helicase, ASCC3 can thread substrates through both helicase cassettes. TRIP4 docks on ASCC3 via a zinc finger domain and stimulates the helicase by positioning an ASC-1 homology domain next to the C-terminal helicase cassette of ASCC3, likely supporting substrate engagement and assisting the DNA exit. TRIP4 binds ASCC3 mutually exclusively with the DNA/RNA dealkylase, ALKBH3, directing ASCC3 for specific processes. Our findings define ASCC3-TRIP4 as a tunable motor module of ASCC that encompasses two cooperating NTPase/helicase units functionally expanded by TRIP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiao Jia
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tarek Hilal
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research Center of Electron Microscopy, Fabeckstr. 36a, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Molecular Biology, Humboldallee 23, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Chernev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ning Tsao
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Integrity, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juliane Bethmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institut für Klinische Chemie, Bioanalytik, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-35075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aruna Arumugam
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lane Parmely
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Integrity, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Holton
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Integrity, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Molecular Biology, Humboldallee 23, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institut für Klinische Chemie, Bioanalytik, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-35075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Takustr. 6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, D-12489, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Li W, Hu S, Tian C, Wan X, Yu W, Guo P, Zhao F, Hua C, Lu X, Xue G, Han S, Guo W, Wang D, Deng W. TRIP4 transcriptionally activates DDIT4 and subsequent mTOR signaling to promote glioma progression. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:31-47. [PMID: 34648907 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant advances in the understanding of glioma biology and pathology, survival remains poor. Therefore, it is still of great significance to further explore the key factors involved in tumorigenesis and development in glioma and find potential new therapeutic targets. Here, we show that thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4 (TRIP4) is highly expressed in glioma cells and tissues. Patients of glioma with high expression of TRIP4 possess poor overall survival. Knockdown of TRIP4 inhibited tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis suppression, whereas overexpression of TRIP4 displays the opposite effects. Further research showed that TRIP4 promoted glioma progression through regulating DDIT4 expression and subsequent activation of mTOR signaling. DDIT4 overexpression restored the inhibition of tumor growth by TRIP4 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, mTOR activity inhibition reversed TRIP4 overexpression-mediated tumor promotion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, molecular mechanism exploration demonstrates that TRIP4 functions as a specific transcriptional activator to anchor at the promoter region of DDIT4 gene (-196 to -11) to regulate its transcription and such regulation was affected by HIF1α. Clinically, TRIP4 expression is positively correlated with DDIT4 expression in glioma samples based on tissue microarray analysis and both of their high expression predicts the malignancy of the disease. Altogether, our findings identify TRIP4 as a critical promoter of glioma progression by targeting DDIT4 and mTOR signaling successively and suggest that TRIP4-DDIT4 axis has potential to be a novel therapeutic target in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunfang Tian
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyu Hua
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaona Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoqing Xue
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilong Han
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Wan C, Mahara S, Sun C, Doan A, Chua HK, Xu D, Bian J, Li Y, Zhu D, Sooraj D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J, Firestein R. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen of Wnt/β-catenin signaling identifies therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf2567. [PMID: 34138730 PMCID: PMC8133758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a key driver of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and of great therapeutic importance. In this study, we performed comprehensive CRISPR screens to interrogate the regulatory network of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells. We found marked discrepancies between the artificial TOP reporter activity and β-catenin-mediated endogenous transcription and redundant roles of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor transcription factors in transducing β-catenin signaling. Compiled functional genomic screens and network analysis revealed unique epigenetic regulators of β-catenin transcriptional output, including the histone lysine methyltransferase 2A oncoprotein (KMT2A/Mll1). Using an integrative epigenomic and transcriptional profiling approach, we show that KMT2A loss diminishes the binding of β-catenin to consensus DNA motifs and the transcription of β-catenin targets in CRC. These results suggest that KMT2A may be a promising target for CRCs and highlight the broader potential for exploiting epigenetic modulation as a therapeutic strategy for β-catenin-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Sylvia Mahara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Claire Sun
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anh Doan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hui Kheng Chua
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dakang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Bian
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Danxi Zhu
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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5
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Hashimoto S, Sugiyama T, Yamazaki R, Nobuta R, Inada T. Identification of a novel trigger complex that facilitates ribosome-associated quality control in mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3422. [PMID: 32099016 PMCID: PMC7042231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome stalling triggers the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway, which targets collided ribosomes and leads to subunit dissociation, followed by proteasomal degradation of the nascent peptide. In yeast, RQC is triggered by Hel2-dependent ubiquitination of uS10, followed by subunit dissociation mediated by the RQC-trigger (RQT) complex. In mammals, ZNF598-dependent ubiquitination of collided ribosomes is required for RQC, and activating signal cointegrator 3 (ASCC3), a component of the ASCC complex, facilitates RQC. However, the roles of other components and associated factors of the ASCC complex remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the human RQC-trigger (hRQT) complex, an ortholog of the yeast RQT complex, plays crucial roles in RQC. The hRQT complex is composed of ASCC3, ASCC2, and TRIP4, which are orthologs of the RNA helicase Slh1(Rqt2), ubiquitin-binding protein Cue3(Rqt3), and zinc-finger type protein yKR023W(Rqt4), respectively. The ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding activity of ASCC2 are crucial for triggering RQC. Given the proposed function of the RQT complex in yeast, we propose that the hRQT complex recognizes the ubiquitinated stalled ribosome and induces subunit dissociation to facilitate RQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hashimoto
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takato Sugiyama
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Reina Yamazaki
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Risa Nobuta
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Inada
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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6
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Adam AHB, de Haan LHJ, Estruch IM, Hooiveld GJEJ, Louisse J, Rietjens IMCM. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated coregulator binding and gene expression discriminates the toxic ERα agonist diethylstilbestrol (DES) from the endogenous ERα agonist 17β-estradiol (E2). Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:417-435. [PMID: 32088792 PMCID: PMC7505815 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen and proven human teratogen and carcinogen reported to act via the estrogen receptor α (ERα). Since the endogenous ERα ligand 17β-estradiol (E2) does not show these adverse effects to a similar extent, we hypothesized that DES' interaction with the ERα differs from that of E2. The current study aimed to investigate possible differences between DES and E2 using in vitro assays that detect ERα-mediated effects, including ERα-mediated reporter gene expression, ERα-mediated breast cancer cell (T47D) proliferation and ERα-coregulator interactions and gene expression in T47D cells. Results obtained indicate that DES and E2 activate ERα-mediated reporter gene transcription and T47D cell proliferation in a similar way. However, significant differences between DES- and E2-induced binding of the ERα to 15 coregulator motifs and in transcriptomic signatures obtained in the T47D cells were observed. It is concluded that differences observed in binding of the ERα with several co-repressor motifs, in downregulation of genes involved in histone deacetylation and DNA methylation and in upregulation of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 contribute to the differential effects reported for DES and E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Hussein Bakheit Adam
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura H J de Haan
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Miro Estruch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Vester K, Santos KF, Kuropka B, Weise C, Wahl MC. The inactive C-terminal cassette of the dual-cassette RNA helicase BRR2 both stimulates and inhibits the activity of the N-terminal helicase unit. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2097-2112. [PMID: 31914407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA helicase bad response to refrigeration 2 homolog (BRR2) is required for the activation of the spliceosome before the first catalytic step of RNA splicing. BRR2 represents a distinct subgroup of Ski2-like nucleic acid helicases whose members comprise tandem helicase cassettes. Only the N-terminal cassette of BRR2 is an active ATPase and can unwind substrate RNAs. The C-terminal cassette represents a pseudoenzyme that can stimulate RNA-related activities of the N-terminal cassette. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the C-terminal cassette modulates the activities of the N-terminal unit remain elusive. Here, we show that N- and C-terminal cassettes adopt vastly different relative orientations in a crystal structure of BRR2 in complex with an activating domain of the spliceosomal Prp8 protein at 2.4 Å resolution compared with the crystal structure of BRR2 alone. Likewise, inspection of BRR2 structures within spliceosomal complexes revealed that the cassettes occupy different relative positions and engage in different intercassette contacts during different splicing stages. Engineered disulfide bridges that locked the cassettes in two different relative orientations had opposite effects on the RNA-unwinding activity of the N-terminal cassette, with one configuration enhancing and the other configuration inhibiting RNA unwinding compared with the unconstrained protein. Moreover, we found that differences in relative positioning of the cassettes strongly influence RNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis by the N-terminal cassette. Our results indicate that the inactive C-terminal cassette of BRR2 can both positively and negatively affect the activity of the N-terminal helicase unit from a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vester
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karine F Santos
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Structural Biochemistry Group, Department of Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Villar-Quiles RN, Catervi F, Cabet E, Juntas-Morales R, Genetti CA, Gidaro T, Koparir A, Yüksel A, Coppens S, Deconinck N, Pierce-Hoffman E, Lornage X, Durigneux J, Laporte J, Rendu J, Romero NB, Beggs AH, Servais L, Cossée M, Olivé M, Böhm J, Duband-Goulet I, Ferreiro A. ASC-1 Is a Cell Cycle Regulator Associated with Severe and Mild Forms of Myopathy. Ann Neurol 2019; 87:217-232. [PMID: 31794073 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, the ASC-1 complex has been identified as a mechanistic link between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 3 mutations of the ASC-1 gene TRIP4 have been associated with SMA or congenital myopathy. Our goal was to define ASC-1 neuromuscular function and the phenotypical spectrum associated with TRIP4 mutations. METHODS Clinical, molecular, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging studies were made in 5 families with 7 novel TRIP4 mutations. Fluorescence activated cell sorting and Western blot were performed in patient-derived fibroblasts and muscles and in Trip4 knocked-down C2C12 cells. RESULTS All mutations caused ASC-1 protein depletion. The clinical phenotype was purely myopathic, ranging from lethal neonatal to mild ambulatory adult patients. It included early onset axial and proximal weakness, scoliosis, rigid spine, dysmorphic facies, cutaneous involvement, respiratory failure, and in the older cases, dilated cardiomyopathy. Muscle biopsies showed multiminicores, nemaline rods, cytoplasmic bodies, caps, central nuclei, rimmed fibers, and/or mild endomysial fibrosis. ASC-1 depletion in C2C12 and in patient-derived fibroblasts and muscles caused accelerated proliferation, altered expression of cell cycle proteins, and/or shortening of the G0/G1 cell cycle phase leading to cell size reduction. INTERPRETATION Our results expand the phenotypical and molecular spectrum of TRIP4-associated disease to include mild adult forms with or without cardiomyopathy, associate ASC-1 depletion with isolated primary muscle involvement, and establish TRIP4 as a causative gene for several congenital muscle diseases, including nemaline, core, centronuclear, and cytoplasmic-body myopathies. They also identify ASC-1 as a novel cell cycle regulator with a key role in cell proliferation, and underline transcriptional coregulation defects as a novel pathophysiological mechanism. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:217-232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío N Villar-Quiles
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Catervi
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, Paris, France
| | - Eva Cabet
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, Paris, France
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Neuromuscular Unit, University Hospital Center Montpellier/EA7402 University of Montpellier, University Institute of Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Asuman Koparir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yüksel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sandra Coppens
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Reference Neuromuscular Center, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Reference Neuromuscular Center, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma Pierce-Hoffman
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Xavière Lornage
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1258, National Center for Scientific Research UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Durigneux
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Center Angers, Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center Antlantique Occitanie Caraïbe, Angers, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1258, National Center for Scientific Research UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - John Rendu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Center Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Norma B Romero
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Institute of Myology, Paris, France.,Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laurent Servais
- I-Motion, Institute of Myology, APHP, Paris, France.,Division of Child Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Department of Pediatrics, Liège University Hospital and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital Center Montpellier/National Institute of Health and Medical Research U827, University Institute of Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Montse Olivé
- Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge-University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johann Böhm
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1258, National Center for Scientific Research UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Duband-Goulet
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, Paris, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
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9
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Kim M, Park SH, Park JS, Kim HJ, Han BW. Crystal Structure of Human EOLA1 Implies Its Possibility of RNA Binding. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24193529. [PMID: 31569543 PMCID: PMC6803910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human endothelial-overexpressed lipopolysaccharide-associated factor 1 (EOLA1) has been suggested to regulate inflammatory responses in endothelial cells by controlling expression of proteins, interleukin-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and by preventing apoptosis. To elucidate the structural basis of the EOLA1 function, we determined its crystal structure at 1.71 Å resolution and found that EOLA1 is structurally similar to an activating signal cointegrator-1 homology (ASCH) domain with a characteristic β-barrel fold surrounded by α-helices. Despite its low sequence identity with other ASCH domains, EOLA1 retains a conserved 'GxKxxExR' motif in its cavity structure. The cavity harbors aromatic and polar residues, which are speculated to accommodate nucleotide molecules as do YT521-B homology (YTH) proteins. Additionally, EOLA1 exhibits a positively charged cleft, similar to those observed in YTH proteins and the ASCH protein from Zymomonas mobilis that exerts ribonuclease activity. This implies that the positively charged cleft in EOLA1 could stabilize the binding of RNA molecules. Taken together, we suggest that EOLA1 controls protein expression through RNA binding to play protective roles against endothelial cell injuries resulting from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Joon Sung Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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10
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Liaud N, Horlbeck MA, Gilbert LA, Gjoni K, Weissman JS, Cate JHD. Cellular response to small molecules that selectively stall protein synthesis by the ribosome. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008057. [PMID: 30875366 PMCID: PMC6436758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying small molecules that inhibit protein synthesis by selectively stalling the ribosome constitutes a new strategy for therapeutic development. Compounds that inhibit the translation of PCSK9, a major regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have been identified that reduce LDL cholesterol in preclinical models and that affect the translation of only a few off-target proteins. Although some of these compounds hold potential for future therapeutic development, it is not known how they impact the physiology of cells or ribosome quality control pathways. Here we used a genome-wide CRISPRi screen to identify proteins and pathways that modulate cell growth in the presence of high doses of a selective PCSK9 translational inhibitor, PF-06378503 (PF8503). The two most potent genetic modifiers of cell fitness in the presence of PF8503, the ubiquitin binding protein ASCC2 and helicase ASCC3, bind to the ribosome and protect cells from toxic effects of high concentrations of the compound. Surprisingly, translation quality control proteins Pelota (PELO) and HBS1L sensitize cells to PF8503 treatment. In genetic interaction experiments, ASCC3 acts together with ASCC2, and functions downstream of HBS1L. Taken together, these results identify new connections between ribosome quality control pathways, and provide new insights into the selectivity of compounds that stall human translation that will aid the development of next-generation selective translation stalling compounds to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Liaud
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Max A. Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Luke A. Gilbert
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ketrin Gjoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jamie H. D. Cate
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-imaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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11
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Thapar R, Bacolla A, Oyeniran C, Brickner JR, Chinnam NB, Mosammaparast N, Tainer JA. RNA Modifications: Reversal Mechanisms and Cancer. Biochemistry 2018; 58:312-329. [PMID: 30346748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An emerging molecular understanding of RNA alkylation and its removal is transforming our knowledge of RNA biology and its interplay with cancer chemotherapy responses. DNA modifications are known to perform critical functions depending on the genome template, including gene expression, DNA replication timing, and DNA damage protection, yet current results suggest that the chemical diversity of DNA modifications pales in comparison to those on RNA. More than 150 RNA modifications have been identified to date, and their complete functional implications are still being unveiled. These include intrinsic roles such as proper processing and RNA maturation; emerging evidence has furthermore uncovered RNA modification "readers", seemingly analogous to those identified for histone modifications. These modification recognition factors may regulate mRNA stability, localization, and interaction with translation machinery, affecting gene expression. Not surprisingly, tumors differentially modulate factors involved in expressing these marks, contributing to both tumorigenesis and responses to alkylating chemotherapy. Here we describe the current understanding of RNA modifications and their removal, with a focus primarily on methylation and alkylation as functionally relevant changes to the transcriptome. Intriguingly, some of the same RNA modifications elicited by physiological processes are also produced by alkylating agents, thus blurring the lines between what is a physiological mark and a damage-induced modification. Furthermore, we find that a high level of gene expression of enzymes with RNA dealkylation activity is a sensitive readout for poor survival in four different cancer types, underscoring the likely importance of examining RNA dealkylation mechanisms to cancer biology and for cancer treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Thapar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Clement Oyeniran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Siteman Cancer Center , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Joshua R Brickner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Siteman Cancer Center , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Naga Babu Chinnam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Siteman Cancer Center , Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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12
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Chen H, Diao X, Wang H, Zhou H. An integrated metabolomic and proteomic study of toxic effects of Benzo[a]pyrene on gills of the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:330-336. [PMID: 29573723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are widely present in the marine environment. Because of its teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects on various organisms, the toxicity of BaP is of great concern. In this study, we focused on the toxic effects of BaP (1 µg/L and 10 µg/L) on gills of the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii using combined metabolomic and proteomic approaches. At the metabolome level, the high concentration of BaP mainly caused abnormal energy metabolism, osmotic regulation and immune response marked by significantly altered metabolites in gills. At the proteome level, both concentrations of BaP mainly induced signal transduction, transcription regulation, cell growth, stress response, and energy metabolism. Overall, the research demonstrated that the combination of proteomic and metabolomic approaches could provide a significant way to elucidate toxic effects of BaP on P. martensii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Haihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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13
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Crystal structure of an ASCH protein from Zymomonas mobilis and its ribonuclease activity specific for single-stranded RNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12303. [PMID: 28951575 PMCID: PMC5615036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating signal cointegrator-1 homology (ASCH) domains were initially reported in human as a part of the ASC-1 transcriptional regulator, a component of a putative RNA-interacting protein complex; their presence has now been confirmed in a wide range of organisms. Here, we have determined the trigonal and monoclinic crystal structures of an ASCH domain-containing protein from Zymomonas mobilis (ZmASCH), and analyzed the structural determinants of its nucleic acid processing activity. The protein has a central β-barrel structure with several nearby α-helices. Positively charged surface patches form a cleft that runs through the pocket formed between the β-barrel and the surrounding α-helices. We further demonstrate by means of in vitro assays that ZmASCH binds nucleic acids, and degrades single-stranded RNAs in a magnesium ion-dependent manner with a cleavage preference for the phosphodiester bond between the pyrimidine and adenine nucleotides. ZmASCH also removes a nucleotide at the 5′-end. Mutagenesis studies, guided by molecular dynamics simulations, confirmed that three residues (Tyr47, Lys53, and Ser128) situated in the cleft contribute to nucleic acid-binding and RNA cleavage activities. These structural and biochemical studies imply that prokaryotic ASCH may function to control the cellular RNA amount.
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14
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Hao J, Xu H, Luo M, Yu W, Chen M, Liao Y, Zhang C, Zhao X, Jiang W, Hou S, Feng X, Zou K, Chen Y, Huang W, Guo W, Kang L, Deng W. The Tumor-Promoting Role of TRIP4 in Melanoma Progression and its Involvement in Response to BRAF-Targeted Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:159-170. [PMID: 28899685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TRIP4 was identified as having a proliferation promoting effect in melanoma cells based on small interfering RNA library screening, however, its precise function in melanoma progression is completely unknown. Here, we explored the carcinogenic role of TRIP4 in melanoma. The high expression of TRIP4 was observed in human melanoma cells and tissues. Its knockdown suppressed melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo, including melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion inhibition and apoptosis induction. Further mechanistic analysis showed that TRIP4 promoted melanoma growth through modulation of COX-2 and iNOS expression partially by activating NF-κB signaling indirectly and partially by the direct anchoring of itself at COX-2 and iNOS promoter via synergy with p300. TRIP4 was confirmed to regulate the sensitivity to anti-BRAF targeted agents in BRAF-mutant human melanoma cells and xenografts. In addition, clinical data showed that high expression of TRIP4 was positively correlated with increased expression of COX-2 and iNOS and predicted poor prognosis in a cohort of 100 melanoma patients. Collectively, these results show a pro-tumorigenic role of TRIP4, provide an insight into the mechanism of TRIP4 as a candidate therapeutic target, and suggest the potential of TRIP4 and BRAF dual targeting as an effective therapeutic strategy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Hao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of China Medical University, Number 202 Hospital of China PLA (People's Liberation Army), Shenyang, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Liao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct, Incorporated, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Lan Kang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Oliveira J, Martins M, Pinto Leite R, Sousa M, Santos R. The new neuromuscular disease related with defects in the ASC-1 complex: report of a second case confirms ASCC1 involvement. Clin Genet 2017; 92:434-439. [PMID: 28218388 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology aided the identification of the underlying genetic cause in a female newborn with a severe neuromuscular disorder. The patient presented generalized hypotonia, congenital bone fractures, lack of spontaneous movements and poor respiratory effort. She died within the first days of life. Karyotyping and screening for several genes related with neuromuscular diseases all tested negative. A male sibling was subsequently born with the same clinical presentation. Whole-exome sequencing was performed with variant filtering assuming a recessive disease model. Analysis focused on genes known to be related firstly with congenital myopathies, extended to muscle diseases and finally to other neuromuscular disorders. No disease-causing variants were identified. A similar disorder was described in patients with recessive variants in two genes: TRIP4 (three families) and ASCC1 (one family), both encoding subunits of the nuclear activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex. Our patient was also found to have a homozygous frameshift variant (c.157dupG, p.Glu53Glyfs*19) in ASCC1 , thereby representing the second known case. This confirms ASCC1 involvement in a severe neuromuscular disease lying within the spinal muscular atrophy or primary muscle disease spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oliveira
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Martins
- Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Unidade de Genética, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Pinto Leite
- Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Unidade de Genética, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M Sousa
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Genética da Reprodução Prof. Alberto Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Dr. Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Absmeier E, Santos KF, Wahl MC. Functions and regulation of the Brr2 RNA helicase during splicing. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3362-3377. [PMID: 27792457 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1249549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing entails the stepwise assembly of an inactive spliceosome, its catalytic activation, splicing catalysis and spliceosome disassembly. Transitions in this reaction cycle are accompanied by compositional and conformational rearrangements of the underlying RNA-protein interaction networks, which are driven and controlled by 8 conserved superfamily 2 RNA helicases. The Ski2-like helicase, Brr2, provides the key remodeling activity during spliceosome activation and is additionally implicated in the catalytic and disassembly phases of splicing, indicating that Brr2 needs to be tightly regulated during splicing. Recent structural and functional analyses have begun to unravel how Brr2 regulation is established via multiple layers of intra- and inter-molecular mechanisms. Brr2 has an unusual structure, including a long N-terminal region and a catalytically inactive C-terminal helicase cassette, which can auto-inhibit and auto-activate the enzyme, respectively. Both elements are essential, also serve as protein-protein interaction devices and the N-terminal region is required for stable Brr2 association with the tri-snRNP, tri-snRNP stability and retention of U5 and U6 snRNAs during spliceosome activation in vivo. Furthermore, a C-terminal region of the Prp8 protein, comprising consecutive RNase H-like and Jab1/MPN-like domains, can both up- and down-regulate Brr2 activity. Biochemical studies revealed an intricate cross-talk among the various cis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms. Comparison of isolated Brr2 to electron cryo-microscopic structures of yeast and human U4/U6•U5 tri-snRNPs and spliceosomes indicates how some of the regulatory elements exert their functions during splicing. The various modulatory mechanisms acting on Brr2 might be exploited to enhance splicing fidelity and to regulate alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Absmeier
- a Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry , Berlin , Germany
| | - Karine F Santos
- a Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry , Berlin , Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- a Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry , Berlin , Germany.,b Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography , Berlin , Germany
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17
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Knierim E, Hirata H, Wolf NI, Morales-Gonzalez S, Schottmann G, Tanaka Y, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Orgeur M, Zerres K, Vogt S, van Riesen A, Gill E, Seifert F, Zwirner A, Kirschner J, Goebel HH, Hübner C, Stricker S, Meierhofer D, Stenzel W, Schuelke M. Mutations in Subunits of the Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Complex Are Associated with Prenatal Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Congenital Bone Fractures. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:473-489. [PMID: 26924529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional signal cointegrators associate with transcription factors or nuclear receptors and coregulate tissue-specific gene transcription. We report on recessive loss-of-function mutations in two genes (TRIP4 and ASCC1) that encode subunits of the nuclear activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) complex. We used autozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing to search for pathogenic mutations in four families. Affected individuals presented with prenatal-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), multiple congenital contractures (arthrogryposis multiplex congenita), respiratory distress, and congenital bone fractures. We identified homozygous and compound-heterozygous nonsense and frameshift TRIP4 and ASCC1 mutations that led to a truncation or the entire absence of the respective proteins and cosegregated with the disease phenotype. Trip4 and Ascc1 have identical expression patterns in 17.5-day-old mouse embryos with high expression levels in the spinal cord, brain, paraspinal ganglia, thyroid, and submandibular glands. Antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown of either trip4 or ascc1 in zebrafish disrupted the highly patterned and coordinated process of α-motoneuron outgrowth and formation of myotomes and neuromuscular junctions and led to a swimming defect in the larvae. Immunoprecipitation of the ASC-1 complex consistently copurified cysteine and glycine rich protein 1 (CSRP1), a transcriptional cofactor, which is known to be involved in spinal cord regeneration upon injury in adult zebrafish. ASCC1 mutant fibroblasts downregulated genes associated with neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and pathfinding (SERPINF1, DAB1, SEMA3D, SEMA3A), as well as with bone development (TNFRSF11B, RASSF2, STC1). Our findings indicate that the dysfunction of a transcriptional coactivator complex can result in a clinical syndrome affecting the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Knierim
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan; Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Morales-Gonzalez
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schottmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mickael Orgeur
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogt
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Eberhard & Partner, 44137 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anne van Riesen
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Gill
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Seifert
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Zwirner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Davignon L, Chauveau C, Julien C, Dill C, Duband-Goulet I, Cabet E, Buendia B, Lilienbaum A, Rendu J, Minot MC, Guichet A, Allamand V, Vadrot N, Fauré J, Odent S, Lazaro L, Leroy JP, Marcorelles P, Dubourg O, Ferreiro A. The transcription coactivator ASC-1 is a regulator of skeletal myogenesis, and its deficiency causes a novel form of congenital muscle disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1559-73. [PMID: 27008887 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the genetic characterization of congenital muscle diseases, the genes responsible for a significant proportion of cases remain unknown. We analysed two branches of a large consanguineous family in which four patients presented with a severe new phenotype, clinically marked by neonatal-onset muscle weakness predominantly involving axial muscles, life-threatening respiratory failure, skin abnormalities and joint hyperlaxity without contractures. Muscle biopsies showed the unreported association of multi-minicores, caps and dystrophic lesions. Genome-wide linkage analysis followed by gene and exome sequencing in patients identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in TRIP4 encoding Activating Signal Cointegrator-1 (ASC-1), a poorly characterized transcription coactivator never associated with muscle or with human inherited disease. This mutation resulted in TRIP4 mRNA decay to around 10% of control levels and absence of detectable protein in patient cells. ASC-1 levels were higher in axial than in limb muscles in mouse, and increased during differentiation in C2C12 myogenic cells. Depletion of ASC-1 in cultured muscle cells from a patient and in Trip4 knocked-down C2C12 led to a significant reduction in myotube diameter ex vivo and in vitro, without changes in fusion index or markers of initial myogenic differentiation. This work reports the first TRIP4 mutation and defines a novel form of congenital muscle disease, expanding their histological, clinical and molecular spectrum. We establish the importance of ASC-1 in human skeletal muscle, identify transcriptional co-regulation as novel pathophysiological pathway, define ASC-1 as a regulator of late myogenic differentiation and suggest defects in myotube growth as a novel myopathic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Davignon
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France, Inserm U787, Myology Group, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France, UPMC, UMR787, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Chauveau
- Inserm U787, Myology Group, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France, UPMC, UMR787, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Julien
- Inserm U787, Myology Group, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France, UPMC, UMR787, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Dill
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Isabelle Duband-Goulet
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Eva Cabet
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Brigitte Buendia
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alain Lilienbaum
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - John Rendu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France, Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, CHRU de Grenoble, 38700 Grenoble, France, INSERM U386, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Agnès Guichet
- CHU Angers, Service de génétique médicale, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Valérie Allamand
- UPMC, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Vadrot
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France, Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, CHRU de Grenoble, 38700 Grenoble, France, INSERM U386, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Pôle Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie, CHU de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Leïla Lazaro
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, 64109 Bayonne, France
| | - Jean Paul Leroy
- Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Pascale Marcorelles
- Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France, EA 4685 Laboratoire de Neuroscience de Brest, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Odile Dubourg
- Inserm U787, Myology Group, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France, UPMC, UMR787, 75013 Paris, France, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France and
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Pathophysiology of Striated Muscles Laboratory, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BFA, UMR CNRS 8251, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, France, Inserm U787, Myology Group, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France, UPMC, UMR787, 75013 Paris, France, AP-HP, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Paris-Est, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Liefke R, Windhof-Jaidhauser IM, Gaedcke J, Salinas-Riester G, Wu F, Ghadimi M, Dango S. The oxidative demethylase ALKBH3 marks hyperactive gene promoters in human cancer cells. Genome Med 2015. [PMID: 26221185 PMCID: PMC4517488 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-015-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oxidative DNA demethylase ALKBH3 targets single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in order to perform DNA alkylation damage repair. ALKBH3 becomes upregulated during tumorigenesis and is necessary for proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be understood. Methods To further elucidate the function of ALKBH3 in cancer, we performed ChIP-seq to investigate the genomic binding pattern of endogenous ALKBH3 in PC3 prostate cancer cells coupled with microarray experiments to examine the expression effects of ALKBH3 depletion. Results We demonstrate that ALKBH3 binds to transcription associated locations, such as places of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II and enhancers. Strikingly, ALKBH3 strongly binds to the transcription initiation sites of a small number of highly active gene promoters. These promoters are characterized by high levels of transcriptional regulators, including transcription factors, the Mediator complex, cohesin, histone modifiers, and active histone marks. Gene expression analysis showed that ALKBH3 does not directly influence the transcription of its target genes, but its depletion induces an upregulation of ALKBH3 non-bound inflammatory genes. Conclusions The genomic binding pattern of ALKBH3 revealed a putative novel hyperactive promoter type. Further, we propose that ALKBH3 is an intrinsic DNA repair protein that suppresses transcription associated DNA damage at highly expressed genes and thereby plays a role to maintain genomic integrity in ALKBH3-overexpressing cancer cells. These results raise the possibility that ALKBH3 may be a potential target for inhibiting cancer progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0180-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Liefke
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Jochen Gaedcke
- University Medical Center, Department of General-, and Visceral Surgery, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Feizhen Wu
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- University Medical Center, Department of General-, and Visceral Surgery, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dango
- University Medical Center, Department of General-, and Visceral Surgery, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany ; Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Wissuwa M, Kondo K, Fukuda T, Mori A, Rose MT, Pariasca-Tanaka J, Kretzschmar T, Haefele SM, Rose TJ. Unmasking Novel Loci for Internal Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Rice Germplasm through Genome-Wide Association Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124215. [PMID: 25923470 PMCID: PMC4414551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of non-renewable rock phosphate reserves and phosphorus (P) fertilizer price increases has renewed interest in breeding P-efficient varieties. Internal P utilization efficiency (PUE) is of prime interest because there has been no progress to date in breeding for high PUE. We characterized the genotypic variation for PUE present within the rice gene pool by using a hydroponic system that assured equal plant P uptake, followed by mapping of loci controlling PUE via Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Loci associated with PUE were mapped on chromosomes 1, 4, 11 and 12. The highest PUE was associated with a minor indica-specific haplotype on chromosome 1 and a rare aus-specific haplotype on chromosome 11. Comparative variant and expression analysis for genes contained within the chromosome 1 haplotype identified high priority candidate genes. Differences in coding regions and expression patterns between genotypes of contrasting haplotypes, suggested functional alterations for two predicted nucleic acid-interacting proteins that are likely causative for the observed differences in PUE. The loci reported here are the first identified for PUE in any crop that is not confounded by differential P uptake among genotypes. Importantly, modern rice varieties lacked haplotypes associated with superior PUE, and would thus benefit from targeted introgressions of these loci from traditional donors to improve plant growth in phosphorus-limited cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wissuwa
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsuhiko Kondo
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukuda
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asako Mori
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael T. Rose
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juan Pariasca-Tanaka
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Stephan M. Haefele
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (ACPFG), Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Terry J. Rose
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Yoo HM, Park JH, Jeon YJ, Chung CH. Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 acts as a positive regulator of breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25852645 PMCID: PMC4367433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is a steroid hormone-sensitive transcription factor that plays a critical role in development of breast cancer. The binding of estrogen to ERα triggers the recruitment of transcriptional co-activators as well as chromatin remodeling factors to estrogen-responsive elements (ERE) of ERα target genes. This process is tightly associated with post-translational modifications (PTMs) of ERα and its co-activators for promotion of transcriptional activation, which leads to proliferation of a large subset of breast tumor cells. These PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and conjugation by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), one of ubiquitin-like proteins, has recently been shown to be ligated to activating signal co-integrator 1 (ASC1), which acts as a transcriptional co-activator of nuclear receptors. Here, we discuss the mechanistic connection between ASC1 modification by UFM1 and ERα transactivation, and highlight how the interplay of these processes is involved in development of breast cancer. We also discuss potential use of UFM1-conjugating system as therapeutic targets against not only breast cancer but also other nuclear receptor-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Min Yoo
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chin Ha Chung
- Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chin Ha Chung, Institute for Protein Metabolism, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea e-mail:
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Modification of ASC1 by UFM1 is crucial for ERα transactivation and breast cancer development. Mol Cell 2014; 56:261-274. [PMID: 25219498 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biological roles for UFM1, a ubiquitin-like protein, are largely unknown, and therefore we screened for targets of ufmylation. Here we show that ufmylation of the nuclear receptor coactivator ASC1 is a key step for ERα transactivation in response to 17β-estradiol (E2). In the absence of E2, the UFM1-specific protease UfSP2 was bound to ASC1, which maintains ASC1 in a nonufmylated state. In the presence of E2, ERα bound ASC1 and displaced UfSP2, leading to ASC1 ufmylation. Polyufmylation of ASC1 enhanced association of p300, SRC1, and ASC1 at promoters of ERα target genes. ASC1 overexpression or UfSP2 knockdown promoted ERα-mediated tumor formation in vivo, which could be abrogated by treatment with the anti-breast cancer drug tamoxifen. In contrast, expression of ufmylation-deficient ASC1 mutant or knockdown of the UFM1-activating E1 enzyme UBA5 prevented tumor growth. These findings establish a role for ASC1 ufmylation in breast cancer development by promoting ERα transactivation.
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Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Pawlik-Pachucka E, Owczarz M, Budzińska M, Polosak J. Small-molecule hormones: molecular mechanisms of action. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:601246. [PMID: 23533406 PMCID: PMC3603355 DOI: 10.1155/2013/601246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule hormones play crucial roles in the development and in the maintenance of an adult mammalian organism. On the molecular level, they regulate a plethora of biological pathways. Part of their actions depends on their transcription-regulating properties, exerted by highly specific nuclear receptors which are hormone-dependent transcription factors. Nuclear hormone receptors interact with coactivators, corepressors, basal transcription factors, and other transcription factors in order to modulate the activity of target genes in a manner that is dependent on tissue, age and developmental and pathophysiological states. The biological effect of this mechanism becomes apparent not earlier than 30-60 minutes after hormonal stimulus. In addition, small-molecule hormones modify the function of the cell by a number of nongenomic mechanisms, involving interaction with proteins localized in the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, as well as with proteins localized in other cellular membranes and in nonnuclear cellular compartments. The identity of such proteins is still under investigation; however, it seems that extranuclear fractions of nuclear hormone receptors commonly serve this function. A direct interaction of small-molecule hormones with membrane phospholipids and with mRNA is also postulated. In these mechanisms, the reaction to hormonal stimulus appears within seconds or minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
- *Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka:
| | - Eliza Pawlik-Pachucka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Owczarz
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Budzińska
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Polosak
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Cell-type-specific type I interferon antagonism influences organ tropism of murine coronavirus. J Virol 2011; 85:10058-68. [PMID: 21752905 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05075-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) hepatotropism is determined largely by postentry events rather than by availability of the viral receptor. In addition, mutation of MHV nonstructural protein 2 (ns2) abrogates the ability of the virus to replicate in the liver and induce hepatitis but does not affect replication in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that replication of ns2 mutant viruses is attenuated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) generated from wild-type (wt) mice but not in L2 fibroblasts, primary astrocytes, or BMM generated from type I interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR(-/-)) mice. In addition, ns2 mutants are more sensitive than wt virus to pretreatment of BMM, but not L2 fibroblasts or primary astrocytes, with alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β). The ns2 mutants induced similar levels of IFN-α/β in wt and IFNAR(-/-) BMM, indicating that ns2 expression has no effect on the induction of IFN but rather that it antagonizes a later step in IFN signaling. Consistent with these in vitro data, the virulence of ns2 mutants increased to near that of wt virus after depletion of macrophages in vivo. These data imply that the ability of MHV to replicate in macrophages is a prerequisite for replication in the liver and induction of hepatitis but not for replication or disease in the CNS, underscoring the importance of IFN signaling in macrophages in vivo for protection of the host from hepatitis. Our results further support the notion that viral tissue tropism is determined in part by postentry events, including the early type I interferon response.
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25
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Park SY, Park JH, Kim JS. Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of an ASCH domain-containing protein from Zymomonas mobilis ZM4. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:310-2. [PMID: 21393833 PMCID: PMC3053153 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110053467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) homology (ASCH) domain is frequently observed in many organisms, although its function has not yet been clearly defined. In Zymomonas mobilis ZM4, the ZMO0922 gene encodes a polypeptide that includes an ASCH domain (zmASCH). To provide a better structural background for the probable role of ASCH domain-containing proteins, the ZMO0922 gene was cloned and expressed. The purified protein was crystallized from 30%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 400, 0.1 M cacodylic acid pH 6.5 and 0.2 M lithium sulfate. Diffraction data were collected to 2.1 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to the primitive trigonal space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a=b=51.67, c=207.30 Å, α=β=90, γ=120°. Assuming the presence of one molecule in the asymmetric unit gave a Matthews coefficient of 4.69 Å(3) Da(-1), corresponding to a solvent content of 73.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Youl Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoh Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Vaz Meirelles G, Ferreira Lanza DC, da Silva JC, Santana Bernachi J, Paes Leme AF, Kobarg J. Characterization of hNek6 interactome reveals an important role for its short N-terminal domain and colocalization with proteins at the centrosome. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6298-316. [PMID: 20873783 DOI: 10.1021/pr100562w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical protein-protein interactions are fundamental to all biological processes and are organized in complex networks. One branch of the kinome network is the evolutionarily conserved NIMA-related serine/threonine kinases (Neks). Most of the 11 mammalian Neks studied so far are related to cell cycle regulation, and due to association with diverse human pathologies, Neks are promising chemotherapeutic targets. Human Nek6 was associated to carcinogenesis, but its interacting partners and signaling pathways remain elusive. Here we introduce hNek6 as a highly connected member in the human kinase interactome. In a more global context, we performed a broad data bank comparison based on degree distribution analysis and found that the human kinome is enriched in hubs. Our networks include a broad set of novel hNek6 interactors as identified by our yeast two-hybrid screens classified into 18 functional categories. All of the tested interactions were confirmed, and the majority of tested substrates were phosphorylated in vitro by hNek6. Notably, we found that hNek6 N-terminal is important to mediate the interactions with its partners. Some novel interactors also colocalized with hNek6 and γ-tubulin in human cells, pointing to a possible centrosomal interaction. The interacting proteins link hNek6 to novel pathways, for example, Notch signaling and actin cytoskeleton regulation, or give new insights on how hNek6 may regulate previously proposed pathways such as cell cycle regulation, DNA repair response, and NF-κB signaling. Our findings open new perspectives in the study of hNek6 role in cancer by analyzing its novel interactions in specific pathways in tumor cells, which may provide important implications for drug design and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vaz Meirelles
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Almeida-Vega S, Catlow K, Kenny S, Dimaline R, Varro A. Gastrin activates paracrine networks leading to induction of PAI-2 via MAZ and ASC-1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G414-23. [PMID: 19074642 PMCID: PMC2643906 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90340.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastric hormone gastrin regulates the expression of a variety of genes involved in control of acid secretion and also in the growth and organization of the gastric mucosa. One putative target is plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), which is a component of the urokinase activator system that acts extracellularly to inhibit urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and intracellularly to suppress apoptosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that gastrin induces PAI-2 both in gastric epithelial cells expressing the gastrin (CCK-2) receptor and, via activation of paracrine networks, in adjacent cells that do not express the receptor. We have now sought to identify the response element(s) in the PAI-2 promoter targeted by paracrine mediators initiated by gastrin. Mutational analysis identified two putative response elements in the PAI-2 promoter that were downstream of gastrin-activated paracrine signals. One was identified as a putative MAZ site, mutation of which dramatically reduced both basal and gastrin-stimulated responses of the PAI-2 promoter by a mechanism involving PGE(2) and the small GTPase RhoA. Yeast one-hybrid screening identified the other as binding the activating signal cointegrator-1 (ASC-1) complex, which was shown to be the target of IL-8 released by gastrin. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of two subunits of the ASC-1 complex (p50 and p65) inhibited induction of PAI-2 expression by gastrin. The data reveal previously unsuspected transcriptional mechanisms activated as a consequence of gastrin-triggered paracrine networks and emphasize the elaborate and complex cellular control mechanisms required for a key component of tissue responses to damage and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Almeida-Vega
- Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Krista Catlow
- Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Kenny
- Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rod Dimaline
- Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Li C, Wu RC, Amazit L, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Specific amino acid residues in the basic helix-loop-helix domain of SRC-3 are essential for its nuclear localization and proteasome-dependent turnover. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:1296-308. [PMID: 17158932 PMCID: PMC1800725 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00336-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR/pCIP/RAC3/TRAM-1 is a primary transcriptional coactivator for the estrogen receptor. Here we report that deletion of the SRC-3 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain blocks its proteasome-dependent turnover. We further identified two residues (K17 and R18) in the SRC-3 bHLH domain that are essential for its stability. Moreover, we found that the bHLH domain contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). SRC-3 NLS mutants block its translocation into the nucleus, and this correlates with its insensitivity to proteasome-dependent turnover. SRC-3 shows a time-dependent decay in the presence of cycloheximide which is not apparent for the cytoplasmic mutant. Fusion of a simian virus 40 T antigen NLS to the cytoplasmic localized SRC-3 mutant drives it back into the nucleus and restores its proteasomal sensitivity. In addition, the cytoplasmic mutants are inactive for transcriptional coactivation and cancer cell growth. Taken together, our data indicate that proteasome-dependent turnover of SRC-3 occurs in the nucleus and that two amino acid residues in the bHLH domain provide a signal for its nuclear localization and proteasome-dependent degradation as well as for regulation of SRC-3 transcriptional coactivator capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pinto PIS, Teodósio HR, Galay-Burgos M, Power DM, Sweeney GE, Canário AVM. Identification of estrogen-responsive genes in the testis of sea bream (Sparus auratus) using suppression subtractive hybridization. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:318-29. [PMID: 16267841 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that estrogens play important roles in both normal and xenoestrogen disrupted testis physiology. However, the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved, in particular in fish, are largely unknown. We have used suppression subtractive hybridization to isolate 152 candidate estrogen-responsive genes in the testis of male estradiol (E2)-treated sea bream (Sparus aurata). The E2 up-regulation of some of the genes (e.g., choriogenin L and H, vitellogenin I and II, apolipoprotein A-I, fibrinogen beta and gamma, and thyroid receptor interacting protein 4) was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in fish treated with 0.1-10 mg/kg E2. Many of these genes are typical E2-induced genes in liver, and this is the first report of its up regulation with E2 in testis. Moreover, low levels of expression were also found for nontreated fish. Hepatic differential expression for these genes was also confirmed, although, contrary to testis, fibrinogen beta, and gamma were downregulated. The possible significance of these findings in normal testis physiology and in endocrine disruption is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I S Pinto
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR-Laboratório Associado, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that are essential in embryonic development, maintenance of differentiated cellular phenotypes, metabolism, and apoptosis. Dysfunction of nuclear receptor signaling leads to a wide spectra of proliferative, reproductive, and metabolic diseases, including cancers, infertility, obesity, and diabetes. In addition, many proteins have been identified as coregulators which can be recruited by DNA-binding nuclear receptors to affect transcriptional regulation. The cellular level of coregulators is crucial for nuclear receptor-mediated transcription and many coregulators have been shown to be targets for diverse intracellular signaling pathways and posttranslational modifications. This review provides a general overview of the roles and mechanism of action of nuclear receptors and their coregulators. Since progression of renal diseases is almost always associated with inflammatory processes and/or involve metabolic disorders of lipid and glucose, cell proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, and hypertension, the importance of nuclear receptors and their coregulators in these contexts will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Iyer LM, Burroughs AM, Aravind L. The ASCH superfamily: novel domains with a fold related to the PUA domain and a potential role in RNA metabolism. Bioinformatics 2005; 22:257-63. [PMID: 16322048 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that transcription coactivators are often bi-functional ribonucleoprotein complexes that also regulate pre-mRNA processing and splicing decisions. Using sensitive sequence profile searches and structural comparisons we show that the C-terminal domain of the human coactivator protein ASC-1 defines a novel superfamily, the ASC-1 homology (ASCH) domain. The approximately 110 amino acid long ASCH domains are widely represented in all the three superkingdoms of life and several prokaryotic viruses. We show that the ASCH superfamily adopts a beta-barrel fold similar to the PUA domain superfamily. Using multiple lines of evidence, we suggest that members of the ASCH superfamily are likely to function as RNA-binding domains in contexts related to coactivation, RNA-processing and possibly prokaryotic translation regulation. Structural analysis of ASCH domains reveals the presence of a potential RNA-binding cleft associated with a conserved sequence motif, which is characteristic of this superfamily. Despite their similar structure, the ASCH and PUA domains appear to occupy distinct functional niches, with the former domains typically occurring in a standalone form in polypeptides, and the latter domains showing fusions to a variety of RNA-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayan M Iyer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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32
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Chang CY, Abdo J, Hartney T, McDonnell DP. Development of Peptide Antagonists for the Androgen Receptor Using Combinatorial Peptide Phage Display. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:2478-90. [PMID: 16051662 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Under the auspices of the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) , we have undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of targeting nuclear receptor-coactivator surfaces for new drug discovery. The underlying objective of this approach is to provide the research community with reagents that can be used to modulate the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Using combinatorial peptide phage display, we have been able to develop peptide antagonists that target specific nuclear receptor (NR)-coactivator binding surfaces. It can be appreciated that reagents of this nature will be of use in the study of orphan nuclear receptors for whom classical ligands have not yet been identified. In addition, because the interaction of coactivators with the receptor is an obligate step for NR transcriptional activity, it is anticipated that peptides that block these interactions will enable the definition of the biological and pharmacological significance of individual NR-coactivator interactions. In this report, we describe the use of this approach to develop antagonists of the androgen receptor by targeting its coactivator-binding pocket and their use to study the coactivator-binding surface of this receptor. Based on our findings, we believe that molecules that function by disrupting the androgen receptor-cofactor interactions will have use in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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33
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Grenier J, Trousson A, Chauchereau A, Cartaud J, Schumacher M, Massaad C. Differential recruitment of p160 coactivators by glucocorticoid receptor between Schwann cells and astrocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 20:254-67. [PMID: 16179382 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, glucocorticoids can exert beneficial or noxious effects, depending on their concentration and the duration of hormonal stimulation. They exert their effects on neuronal and glial cells by means of their cognate receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which recruits the p160 coactivator family members SRC-1 (steroid receptor coactivator 1), SRC-2, and SRC-3 after hormone binding. In this study, we investigated the molecular pathways used by the GR in cultured glial cells of the central and the peripheral nervous systems, astrocytes and Schwann cells (MSC80 cells), respectively. We performed functional studies based on transient transfection of a minimal glucocorticoid-sensitive reporter gene into the glial cells to test the influence of overexpression or selective inhibition by short interfering RNA of the three p160 coactivator family members on GR transactivation. We demonstrate that, depending on the glial cell type, GR differentially recruits p160 family members: in Schwann cells, GR recruited SRC-1a, SRC-1e, or SRC-3, whereas in astrocytes, SRC-1e and SRC-2, and to a lesser extent SRC-3, were active toward GR signaling. The C-terminal nuclear receptor-interacting domain of SRC-1a participates in its exclusion from the GR transcriptional complex in astrocytes. Immunolocalization experiments revealed a cell-specific intracellular distribution of the p160s, which was dependent on the duration of the hormonal induction. For example, within astrocytes, SRC-1 and SRC-2 were mainly nuclear, whereas SRC-3 unexpectedly localized to the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. In contrast, in Schwann cells, SRC-1 showed a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling depending on hormonal stimulation, whereas SRC-2 remained strictly nuclear and SRC-3 remained predominantly cytoplasmic. Altogether, these results highlight the cell specificity and the time dependence of p160s recruitment by the activated GR in glial cells, revealing the complexity of GR-p160 assembly in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Grenier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 488, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
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34
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Crowley T, Brunori M, Rhee K, Wang X, Wolgemuth DJ. Change in nuclear-cytoplasmic localization of a double-bromodomain protein during proliferation and differentiation of mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 149:93-101. [PMID: 15063089 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2003.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human Brd2 (Bromodomain-containing 2) gene codes for a double-bromodomain protein that associates with the cell cycle-driving transcription factors E2F-1 and E2F-2. Expression of mouse Brd2 has been shown previously to be expressed in specific patterns in proliferating cells in the developing alveoli in the mammary gland. In the present study, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses were used to examine expression of Brd2 in developing neural tissues. Brd2 mRNA was detected in brain vesicles, neural tube, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Immunostaining proved that the message is translated in these tissues and further revealed that Brd2 protein localizes to the nucleus in proliferating cells, but is cytoplasmic in differentiated neurons that are no longer cycling. Brd2 protein in the nuclei of the proliferating neuronal precursors is excluded from the heterochromatin. These observations are consistent with our previous finding that nuclear localization of Brd2 protein correlates with an active cell cycle in mouse mammary alveoli during the reproductive cycle, and similar results from others in cultured fibroblasts. Our findings are also consistent with the cell cycle progression/transcription coactivator function suggested by the association of Brd2 with E2F-1 and E2F-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThomasE Crowley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
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35
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Amazit L, Alj Y, Tyagi RK, Chauchereau A, Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Pantel J, Foulon-Guinchard E, Leclerc P, Milgrom E, Guiochon-Mantel A. Subcellular localization and mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of steroid receptor coactivator-1. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:32195-203. [PMID: 12791702 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300730200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-stimulated transcription factors that modulate gene transcription by recruiting coregulators to gene promoters. Subcellular localization and dynamic movements of transcription factors have been shown to be one of the major means of regulating their transcriptional activity. In the present report we describe the subcellular localization and the dynamics of intracellular trafficking of steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, SRC-1 is imported into the nucleus, where it activates transcription and is subsequently exported back to the cytoplasm. In both the nucleus and cytoplasm, SRC-1 is localized in speckles. The characterization of SRC-1 nuclear localization sequence reveals that it is a classic bipartite signal localized in the N-terminal region of the protein, between amino acids 18 and 36. This sequence is highly conserved within the other members of the p160 family. Additionally, SRC-1 nuclear export is inhibited by leptomycin B. The region involved in its nuclear export is localized between amino acids 990 and 1038. It is an unusually large domain differing from the classic leucine-rich NES sequences. Thus SRC-1 nuclear export involves either an alternate type of NES or is dependent on the interaction of SRC-1 with a protein, which is exported through the crm1/exportin pathway. Overall, the intracellular trafficking of SRC-1 might be a mechanism to regulate the termination of hormone action, the interaction with other signaling pathways in the cytoplasm and its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larbi Amazit
- INSERM U135, Hormones, Gènes et Reproduction, IFR Bicêtre, Laboratoire d'Hormonologie et Biologie Moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275-Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
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36
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Lee HJ, Lee YS, Kwon HB, Lee K. Novel yeast bioassay system for detection of androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17:237-44. [PMID: 12650678 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, certain environmental endocrine disrupters have shown to act as antiandrogens. This suggests that environmental antiandrogens may also be crucial contributors to the increasing incidence of male reproductive abnormalities, requesting the screening and classification of antiandrogenic chemicals. Here, we report the development of a rapid, simple and effective yeast detection system for androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds, which is based on the yeast two-hybrid protein interaction. A yeast strain, ARhLBD-ASC1, was established by co-transformation of yeast cells harboring a lacZ reporter plasmid with two vectors expressing each of LexA fused hinge-ligand binding domain (hLBD) of androgen receptor (AR) and B42 fused ASC-1 that interacts with the AR-hLBD in an androgen-dependent manner. In this yeast strain, androgens, but not other hormones, strongly stimulated the beta-galactosidase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The AR antagonists flutamide, cyproterone acetate and spironolactone, and environmental antiandrogens p,p'-DDE and vinclozolin all inhibited the response of the yeast cells to 10 nM testosterone, qualitatively similar to their inhibition reported in mammalian cell systems. Furthermore, the bioassay can be performed with the simple X-gal staining on microtiter plates, suggesting this system as a powerful tool for practical and efficient screening of environmental compounds for their androgenic and antiandrogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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37
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Sohn YC, Kim SW, Lee S, Kong YY, Na DS, Lee SK, Lee JW. Dynamic inhibition of nuclear receptor activation by corepressor binding. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:366-72. [PMID: 12554786 DOI: 10.1210/me.2002-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors adopt dramatically different conformations in the presence or absence of ligand, and such liganded (holo) and unliganded (apo) receptors are specifically recognized by transcriptional coactivators and corepressors, respectively. These two states likely exist in dynamic equilibrium, contrary to the conventional model of static off and on conformations. First, corepressor SMRT [for silencing mediator of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR)] inhibits the interaction of coactivator steroid receptor coactivator-1 with liganded TR/RAR. Second, SMRT enables receptors to adopt apo-form even in the presence of ligand, as demonstrated with limited proteolyses and decreased binding of radiolabeled retinoid to RAR. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicate that SMRT and steroid receptor coactivator-1 dynamically compete for receptor bindings in vivo in the presence of ligand. These results suggest that corepressor binding can drive receptors to adopt the apo-state, even in the presence of ligand, and inhibit activated liganded (holo) nuclear receptors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Sohn
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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38
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Mazumder R, Iyer LM, Vasudevan S, Aravind L. Detection of novel members, structure-function analysis and evolutionary classification of the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:5229-43. [PMID: 12466548 PMCID: PMC137960 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
2',3' Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are enzymes that catalyze at least two distinct steps in the splicing of tRNA introns in eukaryotes. Recently, the biochemistry and structure of these enzymes, from yeast and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, have been extensively studied. They were found to share a common active site, characterized by two conserved histidines, with the bacterial tRNA-ligating enzyme LigT and the vertebrate myelin-associated 2',3' phosphodiesterases. Using sensitive sequence profile analysis methods, we show that these enzymes define a large superfamily of predicted phosphoesterases with two conserved histidines (hence 2H phosphoesterase superfamily). We identify several new families of 2H phosphoesterases and present a complete evolutionary classification of this superfamily. We also carry out a structure- function analysis of these proteins and present evidence for diverse interactions for different families, within this superfamily, with RNA substrates and protein partners. In particular, we show that eukaryotes contain two ancient families of these proteins that might be involved in RNA processing, transcriptional co-activation and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Another eukaryotic family restricted to vertebrates and insects is combined with UBA and SH3 domains suggesting a role in signal transduction. We detect these phosphoesterase modules in polyproteins of certain retroviruses, rotaviruses and coronaviruses, where they could function in capping and processing of viral RNAs. Furthermore, we present evidence for multiple families of 2H phosphoesterases in bacteria, which might be involved in the processing of small molecules with the 2',3' cyclic phosphoester linkages. The evolutionary analysis suggests that the 2H domain emerged through a duplication of a simple structural unit containing a single catalytic histidine prior to the last common ancestor of all life forms. Initially, this domain appears to have been involved in RNA processing and it appears to have been recruited to perform various other functions in later stages of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mazumder
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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Lee YS, Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JW, Chun SY, Ko SK, Lee K. Activating signal cointegrator 1 is highly expressed in murine testicular Leydig cells and enhances the ligand-dependent transactivation of androgen receptor. Biol Reprod 2002; 67:1580-7. [PMID: 12390891 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1) has been recently reported as a coactivator of some nuclear receptors. In the present study, we have analyzed the expression of ASC-1 in the mouse testis and investigated its capacity to modulate the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor (AR). We found that although ASC-1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed at a low level in mouse tissues, a couple of testis-specific mRNAs were expressed in the adult testis. Cloning of one testis-specific variant revealed that the ubiquitous and testis-specific transcripts of ASC-1 share at least the same open reading frame. The expression of the testis-specific ASC-1 mRNAs was developmentally regulated, and the onset of their expression coincided with the initiation of spermatogenesis. In situ hybridization of mouse testis with ASC-1 antisense probe demonstrated predominant expression of ASC-1 in the interstitial Leydig cells that express AR. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid tests and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that ASC-1 associates directly with AR and that the hinge domain of AR and a putative zinc-finger motif of ASC-1 are major determinants for their interaction. Transient transfection assays performed by expressing ASC-1 in combination with AR and an androgen-responsive reporter gene showed that ASC-1 moderately alters the induction of the reporter gene. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC-1 may function as an AR coregulator and have a role in testicular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Lee
- Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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40
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Qutob MS, Bhattacharjee RN, Pollari E, Yee SP, Torchia J. Microtubule-dependent subcellular redistribution of the transcriptional coactivator p/CIP. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:6611-26. [PMID: 12192059 PMCID: PMC135647 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.18.6611-6626.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator p/CIP is a member of a family of nuclear receptor coactivator/steroid receptor coactivator (NCoA/SRC) proteins that mediate the transcriptional activities of nuclear hormone receptors. We have found that p/CIP is predominantly cytoplasmic in a large proportion of cells in various tissues of the developing mouse and in a number of established cell lines. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, serum deprivation results in the redistribution of p/CIP to the cytoplasmic compartment and stimulation with growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters promotes p/CIP shuttling into the nucleus. Cytoplasmic accumulation of p/CIP is also cell cycle dependent, occurring predominantly during the S and late M phases. Leptomycin B (LMB) treatment results in a marked nuclear accumulation, suggesting that p/CIP undergoes dynamic nuclear export as well as import. We have identified a strong nuclear import signal in the N terminus of p/CIP and two leucine-rich motifs in the C terminus that resemble CRM-1-dependent nuclear export sequences. When fused to green fluorescent protein, the nuclear export sequence region is cytoplasmic and is retained in the nucleus in an LMB-dependent manner. Disruption of the leucine-rich motifs prevents cytoplasmic accumulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic p/CIP associates with tubulin and that an intact microtubule network is required for intracellular shuttling of p/CIP. Immunoaffinity purification of p/CIP from nuclear and cytosolic extracts revealed that only nuclear p/CIP complexes possess histone acetyltransferase activity. Collectively, these results suggest that cellular compartmentalization of NCoA/SRC proteins could potentially regulate nuclear hormone receptor-mediated events as well as integrating signals in response to different environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi S Qutob
- Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
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41
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Jung DJ, Sung HS, Goo YW, Lee HM, Park OK, Jung SY, Lim J, Kim HJ, Lee SK, Kim TS, Lee JW, Lee YC. Novel transcription coactivator complex containing activating signal cointegrator 1. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5203-11. [PMID: 12077347 PMCID: PMC139772 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.14.5203-5211.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activating signal cointegrator 1 (hASC-1) was originally isolated as a transcriptional coactivator of nuclear receptors. Here we report that ASC-1 exists as a steady-state complex associated with three polypeptides, P200, P100, and P50, in HeLa nuclei; stimulates transactivation by serum response factor (SRF), activating protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) through direct binding to SRF, c-Jun, p50, and p65; and relieves the previously described transrepression between nuclear receptors and either AP-1 or NF-kappaB. Interestingly, ectopic expression of Caenorhabditis elegans ASC-1 (ceASC-1), an ASC-1 homologue that binds P200 and P100, like hASC-1, while weakly interacting only with p65, in HeLa cells appears to replace endogenous hASC-1 from the hASC-1 complex and exerts potent dominant-negative effects on AP-1, NF-kappaB, and SRF transactivation. In addition, neutralization of endogenous P50 by single-cell microinjection of a P50 antibody inhibits AP-1 transactivation; the inhibition is relieved by coexpression of wild-type P50, but not of P50DeltaKH, a mutant form that does not interact with P200. Overall, these results suggest that the endogenous hASC-1 complex appears to play an essential role in AP-1, SRF, and NF-kappaB transactivation and to mediate the transrepression between nuclear receptors and either AP-1 or NF-kappaB in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Jung
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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42
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Abstract
The biological action of androgens is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen-bound AR functions as a transcription factor to regulate genes involved in an array of physiological processes, most notably male sexual differentiation and maturation, and the maintenance of spermatogenesis. The transcriptional activity of AR is affected by coregulators that influence a number of functional properties of AR, including ligand selectivity and DNA binding capacity. As the promoter of target genes, coregulators participate in DNA modification, either directly through modification of histones or indirectly by the recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes, as well as functioning in the recruitment of the basal transcriptional machinery. Aberrant coregulator activity due to mutation or altered expression levels may be a contributing factor in the progression of diseases related to AR activity, such as prostate cancer. AR demonstrates distinct differences in its interaction with coregulators from other steroid receptors due to differences in the functional interaction between AR domains, possibly resulting in alterations in the dynamic interactions between coregulator complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Heinlein
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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43
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Abstract
Many proteins have been characterized as coregulators that can be recruited by DNA-binding nuclear receptors to influence transcriptional regulation. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have shown that cellular levels of coregulators are crucial for nuclear receptor-mediated transcription, and many coregulators have been shown to be targets for diverse intracellular signaling pathways and post-translational modifications. This review focuses on the different modes of regulation of nuclear receptor coregulators and the implications for tissue- and context-specific transcriptional responses to hormone and membrane receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hermanson
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093-0648, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA
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44
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Bastie JN, Despouy G, Balitrand N, Rochette-Egly C, Chomienne C, Delva L. The novel co-activator CRABPII binds to RARalpha and RXRalpha via two nuclear receptor interacting domains and does not require the AF-2 'core'. FEBS Lett 2001; 507:67-73. [PMID: 11682061 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We identify the RARalpha, RXRalpha and CRABPII domains required for the physical interaction of these proteins. On RARalpha and RXRalpha, the sequences correspond to the DEF and DE domains, respectively, but the interaction with CRABPII does not require the AF-2AD 'core'. On CRABPII, two interacting domains are identified (NRID1 and NRID2), one of which contains the only enhancement transactivation domain of CRABPII. The interaction is ligand-independent and does not require the ligand-binding domain of CRABPII. These results further stress that interaction of CRABPII with the nuclear receptors defines a novel level of transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Bastie
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Hématopoïétique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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45
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Kretsovali A, Spilianakis C, Dimakopoulos A, Makatounakis T, Papamatheakis J. Self-association of class II transactivator correlates with its intracellular localization and transactivation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:32191-7. [PMID: 11413136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103164200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Class II transactivator (CIITA) is the master regulator of major histocompatibility complex class II genes that regulates both B lymphocyte-specific and interferon gamma-inducible expression. Here we identify protein regions and examine mechanisms that determine the intracellular distribution of CIITA. We show that two separate regions of CIITA mediate nuclear export: amino acids 1-114 and 408-550. Both regions interact with the export receptor CRM-1. The CIITA region spanning amino acids 408-550 of CIITA also determines its ability for homotypic self-association as well as heterotypic interactions with other regions residing at the amino and carboxyl termini of the protein. These observations are in line with data demonstrating that co-expression of amino- and carboxyl-terminal parts of CIITA promote subcellular relocalization and, remarkably, rescue transcriptional activation by individually inert molecules. CIITA point mutations that impair nuclear import and abolish its activation function show reduced self-association. We propose that the concerted action of homo- and heterotypic interactions of CIITA determine proper protein configuration that in turn controls its nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kretsovali
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, 711 10 Crete, Greece.
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Hong S, Lee MY, Cheong J. Functional interaction of transcriptional coactivator ASC-2 and C/EBPalpha in granulocyte differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:1257-62. [PMID: 11302752 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HL-60 promyelocytic cells were treated with retinoic acid (RA) to stimulate granulocyte differentiation. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) is known to be the molecular switch during early hematopoietic developmental events that direct cells to the granulocytic pathway. Here we show that the coactivator activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2) plays an important role in differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocytes by mediating C/EBPalpha-induced gene transcription. The differentiation inducer RA increased mRNA and protein expression of ASC-2. The protein-protein interaction of C/EBPalpha and ASC-2 was detected by coimmunoprecipitation during granulocyte differentiation. Subsequently, GST-pull-down assay revealed that the N-terminal transactivation domain of C/EBPalpha could interact with ASC-2. This functional interaction of ASC-2 with C/EBPalpha drove a synergistic enhancement of C/EBPalpha-dependent transactivation and overexpression of the N-terminal C/EBPalpha protein in HL-60 cells inhibited ASC-2 responsiveness for C/EBPalpha activity in granulocyte differentiation, indicating C/EBPalpha dependency of ASC-2 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the differentiation-dependent expressed ASC-2 protein physically and functionally interacts with C/EBPalpha and increases its transactivation activity, regulating specific gene transcription for granulocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hong
- Hormone Research Center, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, 500-757, Korea
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Hofman K, Swinnen JV, Claessens F, Verhoeven G, Heyns W. Apparent coactivation due to interference of expression constructs with nuclear receptor expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000; 168:21-9. [PMID: 11064149 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transient cotransfection in COS-7 cells, a standard approach to demonstrate coactivation, was used to study the coactivation properties of NuRIP183, a new nuclear receptor interacting protein of 183 kDa, isolated by a yeast two-hybrid screening. Transfection with a NuRIP183 expression construct strongly increased the ligand-dependent response of reporter constructs for several nuclear receptors when compared to transfection with the empty expression vector. A more detailed study, however, revealed major changes in the expression level of the nuclear receptors in cotransfection experiments, indicating that the observed changes in receptor activity were not due to coactivation but to differences in receptor concentration caused by interference from the cotransfected expression constructs with the expression of the receptor. Such interference, which is inversely related to the length of the insert, was observed, not only in COS-7 cells but also in CV-1 and MCF-7 cells, using different transfection techniques (FuGENE-6 and calcium phosphate) and different expression vectors (pSG5, pcDNA1.1 and pIRESneo). These data cast some doubt on coactivation of nuclear receptors based on similar cotransfection experiments without measurement of receptor concentration. Moreover, it is recommended to limit the amounts of (co)transfected expression plasmid and to avoid the use of empty expression plasmid as a control. Finally, one should be aware of similar misleading results in other experimental set-ups based on cotransfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hofman
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Cherkasova V, Ayyadevara S, Egilmez N, Shmookler Reis R. Diverse Caenorhabditis elegans genes that are upregulated in dauer larvae also show elevated transcript levels in long-lived, aged, or starved adults. J Mol Biol 2000; 300:433-48. [PMID: 10884342 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under adverse conditions, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans undergoes reversible developmental arrest as dauer larvae, an alternative third larval stage adapted for dispersal and long-term survival. Following such arrest, which may exceed three times their usual life-span, worms resume development to form reproductive adults of normal subsequent longevity. Mutations of genes in the dauer-formation (daf) pathway can extend life-span two- to fourfold, even in adults that mature without diapause. To identify transcript-level changes that might contribute to extended survival, we prepared a subtractive cDNA library of messages more abundant in dauer than in non-dauer (L3) larvae. Six genes were confirmed as three- to ninefold upregulated in dauer larvae, after correction for mRNA load: genes encoding poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), heat-shock proteins hsp70 and hsp90, and three novel genes of uncertain function. The novel genes encode a partial homologue of human activating signal cointegrator 1 (ASC-1), a GTP-binding homologue of a ribosomal protein, and an SH3-domain protein. Transcript levels for all except hsp70 increased during aging in two C. elegans strains, whereas the three novel genes (and possibly PABP) were also induced to varying degrees by starvation of adults. All six genes are expressed at higher levels in young adults of long-lived daf mutant strains than in normal-longevity controls, suggesting that increased expression of these genes may play a protective function, thus favoring survival in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cherkasova
- Departments of Geriatrics, Medicine, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System - Research 151, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Yi YW, Kim D, Jung N, Hong SS, Lee HS, Bae I. Gadd45 family proteins are coactivators of nuclear hormone receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:193-8. [PMID: 10872826 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gadd45 family genes encode nuclear acidic proteins composed of Gadd45, MyD118, and CR6. Sequence analysis showed that Gadd45 family proteins (Gadd45, MyD118, and CR6) contain LXXLL signature motifs considered necessary and sufficient for the binding of several coactivators to nuclear receptors. Interaction between Gadd45 or CR6 and RXR alpha was confirmed by a two-hybrid test in yeast. Results from a series of GST pulldown assays showed that these Gadd45 family proteins interact with several nuclear hormone receptors including RXR alpha, RAR alpha, ER alpha, PPAR alpha, PPAR beta, and PPAR gamma2 in vitro. Interaction between Gadd45 family proteins and nuclear hormone receptors resulted in modest activation of transactivating function of nuclear hormone receptors in reporter systems. When fused to DNA binding domain of GAL4, Gadd45 and CR6 activated the UAS-mediated transcription in mammalian cells. These results suggest that Gadd45 family proteins bind to nuclear hormone receptors and act as nuclear coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Yi
- Therapeutic Gene Group, Samyang Genex Biotech Research Institute, Taejeon, Korea
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50
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Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW. A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:34283-93. [PMID: 10567404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many transcription coactivators interact with nuclear receptors in a ligand- and C-terminal transactivation function (AF2)-dependent manner. We isolated a nuclear factor (designated ASC-2) with such properties by using the ligand-binding domain of retinoid X receptor as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening. ASC-2 also interacted with other nuclear receptors, including retinoic acid receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucocorticoid receptor, basal factors TFIIA and TBP, and transcription integrators CBP/p300 and SRC-1. In transient cotransfections, ASC-2, either alone or in conjunction with CBP/p300 and SRC-1, stimulated ligand-dependent transactivation by wild type nuclear receptors but not mutant receptors lacking the AF2 domain. Consistent with an idea that ASC-2 is essential for the nuclear receptor function in vivo, microinjection of anti-ASC-2 antibody abrogated the ligand-dependent transactivation of retinoic acid receptor, and this repression was fully relieved by coinjection of ASC-2-expression vector. Surprisingly, ASC-2 was identical to a gene previously identified during a search for genes amplified and overexpressed in breast and other human cancers. From these results, we concluded that ASC-2 is a bona fide transcription coactivator molecule of nuclear receptors, and its altered expression may contribute to the development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Center for Ligand and Transcription, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Korea
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