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Scanlan RL, Pease L, O'Keefe H, Martinez-Guimera A, Rasmussen L, Wordsworth J, Shanley D. Systematic transcriptomic analysis and temporal modelling of human fibroblast senescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1448543. [PMID: 39267611 PMCID: PMC11390594 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1448543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a diverse phenotype characterised by permanent cell cycle arrest and an associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which includes inflammatory cytokines. Typically, senescent cells are removed by the immune system, but this process becomes dysregulated with age causing senescent cells to accumulate and induce chronic inflammatory signalling. Identifying senescent cells is challenging due to senescence phenotype heterogeneity, and senotherapy often requires a combinatorial approach. Here we systematically collected 119 transcriptomic datasets related to human fibroblasts, forming an online database describing the relevant variables for each study allowing users to filter for variables and genes of interest. Our own analysis of the database identified 28 genes significantly up- or downregulated across four senescence types (DNA damage induced senescence (DDIS), oncogene induced senescence (OIS), replicative senescence, and bystander induced senescence) compared to proliferating controls. We also found gene expression patterns of conventional senescence markers were highly specific and reliable for different senescence inducers, cell lines, and timepoints. Our comprehensive data supported several observations made in existing studies using single datasets, including stronger p53 signalling in DDIS compared to OIS. However, contrary to some early observations, both p16 and p21 mRNA levels rise quickly, depending on senescence type, and persist for at least 8-11 days. Additionally, little evidence was found to support an initial TGFβ-centric SASP. To support our transcriptomic analysis, we computationally modelled temporal protein changes of select core senescence proteins during DDIS and OIS, as well as perform knockdown interventions. We conclude that while universal biomarkers of senescence are difficult to identify, conventional senescence markers follow predictable profiles and construction of a framework for studying senescence could lead to more reproducible data and understanding of senescence heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-L Scanlan
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - L Pease
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - H O'Keefe
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - A Martinez-Guimera
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - L Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wordsworth
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - D Shanley
- Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Palomer X, Salvador JM, Griñán-Ferré C, Barroso E, Pallàs M, Vázquez-Carrera M. GADD45A: With or without you. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1375-1403. [PMID: 38264852 DOI: 10.1002/med.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD)45 family includes three small and ubiquitously distributed proteins (GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G) that regulate numerous cellular processes associated with stress signaling and injury response. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature investigating GADD45A, the first discovered member of the family. We first depict how its levels are regulated by a myriad of genotoxic and non-genotoxic stressors, and through the combined action of intricate transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and even, posttranslational mechanisms. GADD45A is a recognized tumor suppressor and, for this reason, we next summarize its role in cancer, as well as the different mechanisms by which it regulates cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Beyond these most well-known actions, GADD45A may also influence catabolic and anabolic pathways in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, among others. Not surprisingly, GADD45A may trigger AMP-activated protein kinase activity, a master regulator of metabolism, and is known to act as a transcriptional coregulator of numerous nuclear receptors. GADD45A has also been reported to display a cytoprotective role by regulating inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in several organs and tissues, and is regarded an important contributor for the development of heart failure. Overall data point to that GADD45A may play an important role in metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and also autoimmune-related disorders. Thus, the potential mechanisms by which dysregulation of GADD45A activity may contribute to the progression of these diseases are also reviewed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Humayun A, Lin LYT, Li HH, Fornace AJ. FAILLA MEMORIAL LECTURE How We Got Here: One Laboratory's Odyssey in the Field of Radiation-Inducible Genes. Radiat Res 2024; 201:617-627. [PMID: 38573158 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00205.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on early discoveries that contributed to our understanding and the scope of transcriptional responses after radiation damage. Before the development of modern approaches to assess overall global transcriptomic responses, the idea that mammalian cells could respond to DNA-damaging agents in a manner analogous to bacteria was not generally accepted. To investigate this possibility, the development of technology to identify differentially expressed low-abundance transcripts substantially facilitated our appreciation that DNA damaging agents like UV radiation and subsequently ionizing radiation did in fact produce robust transcriptional responses. Here we focus on our identification and characterization of radiation-inducible genes, and how even early studies on stress gene signaling highlighted the broad scope of transcriptional responses to radiation damage. Since then, the central role of transcriptional responses to radiation injury in maintaining genome integrity has been highlighted in many processes, including cell cycle checkpoint control, resistance to cancer by p53 and other key factors, cell senescence, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Chen H, Li J, Pi C, Guo D, Zhang D, Zhou X, Xie J. FGF19 induces the cell cycle arrest at G2-phase in chondrocytes. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:250. [PMID: 37454120 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has appeared as a new possible avenue in the treatment of skeletal metabolic disorders. However, the role of FGF19 on cell cycle progression in skeletal system is poorly understood. Here we demonstrated that FGF19 had the ability to reduce the proliferation of chondrocytes and cause cell cycle G2 phase arrest through its interaction with β-Klotho (KLB), an important accessory protein that helps FGF19 link to its receptor. FGF19-mediated cell cycle arrest by regulating the expressions of cdk1/cylinb1, chk1 and gadd45a. We then confirmed that the binding of FGF19 to the membrane receptor FGFR4 was necessary for FGF19-mediated cell cycle arrest, and further proved that FGF19-mediated cell cycle arrest was via activation of p38/MAPK signaling. Through inhibitor experiments, we discovered that inhibition of FGFR4 led to down-regulation of p38 signaling even in the presence of FGF19. Meanwhile, inhibiting p38 signaling reduced the cell cycle arrest of chondrocytes induced by FGF19. Furthermore, blocking p38 signaling facilitated to retain the expression of cdk1 and cyclinb1 that had been reduced in chondrocytes by FGF19 and decreased the expression of chk1 and gadd45a that had been enhanced by FGF19 in chondrocytes. Taking together, this study is the first to demonstrate that FGF19 induces cell cycle arrest at G2 phase via FGFR4-p38/MAPK axis and enlarges our understanding about the role of FGF19 on cell cycle progression in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Daimo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Dutta B, Osato M. The RUNX Family, a Novel Multifaceted Guardian of the Genome. Cells 2023; 12:255. [PMID: 36672189 PMCID: PMC9856552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair machinery exists to protect cells from daily genetic insults by orchestrating multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One such factor recently identified is the Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family, a group of proteins that act as a master transcriptional regulator for multiple biological functions such as embryonic development, stem cell behaviors, and oncogenesis. A significant number of studies in the past decades have delineated the involvement of RUNX proteins in DNA repair. Alterations in RUNX genes cause organ failure and predisposition to cancers, as seen in patients carrying mutations in the other well-established DNA repair genes. Herein, we review the currently existing findings and provide new insights into transcriptional and non-transcriptional multifaceted regulation of DNA repair by RUNX family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dutta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Li J, Liu X, Li J, Han D, Li Y, Ge P. Mechanism of andrographis paniculata on lung cancer by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2023:THC220698. [PMID: 36641698 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely recognized and accepted worldwide to provide favorable therapeutic effects for cancer patients. As Andrographis paniculata has an anti-tumor effect, it might inhibit lung cancer. OBJECTIVE The drug targets and related pathways involved in the action of Andrographis paniculata against lung cancer were predicted using network pharmacology, and its mechanism was further explored at the molecular level. METHODS This work selected the effective components and targets of Andrographis paniculata against the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Targets related to lung cancer were searched for in the GEO database (accession number GSE136043). The volcanic and thermal maps of differential expression genes were produced using the software R. Then, the target genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG analysis using the software R. This also utilized the AutoDock tool to study the molecular docking of the active component structures downloaded from the PubChem database and the key target structures downloaded from the PDB database, and the docking results were visualized using the software PyMol. RESULTS The results of molecular docking show that wogonin, Mono-O-methylwightin, Deoxycamptothecine, andrographidine F_qt, Quercetin tetramethyl (3',4',5,7) ether, 14-deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide-19-β-D-glucoside_qt and 14-deoxy-11-oxo-andrographolide were potential active components, while AKT1, MAPK14, RELA and NCOA1 were key targets. CONCLUSION This study showed the main candidate components, targets, and pathways involved in the action of Andrographis paniculata against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwei Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengling Ge
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Radnaa E, Richardson L, Goldman B, Burks J, Baljinnyam T, Vora N, Zhang HJ, Bonney E, Han A, Menon R. Stress signaler p38 mitogen-activated kinase activation: a cause for concern? Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1591-1614. [PMID: 36250628 PMCID: PMC9664350 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) and cell fate from p38 signaling was tested using the human fetal membrane's amnion epithelial cells (AEC). We created p38 KO AEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach and tested cell fate in response to OS on an AEC-free fetal membrane extracellular matrix (ECM). Screening using image CyTOF indicated OS causing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further testing revealed p38 deficiency prevented AEC senescence, EMT, cell migration, and inflammation. To functionally validate in vitro findings, fetal membrane-specific conditional KO (cKO) mice were developed by injecting Cre-recombinase encoded exosomes intra-amniotically into p38αloxP/loxP mice. Amnion membranes from p38 cKO mice had reduced senescence, EMT, and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared with WT animals. Our study suggested that overwhelming activation of p38 in response to OS inducing risk exposures can have an adverse impact on cells, cause cell invasion, inflammation, and ECM degradation detrimental to tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Brett Goldman
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Flow Cytometry and Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, U.S.A. 77030
| | - Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A. 77555
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Hui-juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 200030
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, U.S.A. 05405ghout all figures, the following notations were
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. 77843
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
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Xu M, Ren P, Tian J, Xiao L, Hu P, Chen P, Li W, Xue L. dGLYAT modulates Gadd45-mediated JNK activation and cell invasion. Cell Div 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35933447 PMCID: PMC9357319 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis, finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila GLYAT in cell invasion. Results We found that dGLYAT regulates Gadd45-mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. Secondary, mRNA-seq analysis identified Gadd45 as a potential transcriptional target of dGLYAT, as depletion of dGLYAT decreased Gadd45 mRNA level. Finally, Gadd45 knockdown suppressed scrib depletion-induced JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. Conclusions These evidences reveal the role of dGLYAT and Gadd45 in JNK-dependent cell invasion, and provide insight for the roles of their human homologs in cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-022-00080-5.
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Yang Q, Bariani MV, Falahati A, Khosh A, Lastra RR, Siblini H, Boyer TG, Al-Hendy A. The Functional Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 9 in Human Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:2160. [PMID: 35883603 PMCID: PMC9323884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is the most common type of uterine sarcoma associated with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence, and metastasis. There is currently limited information about uLMS molecular mechanisms of origin and development. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are involved in many biological processes, most notably epigenetic regulation of transcription, and BRD protein dysfunction has been linked to many diseases including tumorigenesis. However, the role of BRD proteins in the pathogenesis of uLMS is unknown. Here, we show for the first time that BRD9 is aberrantly overexpressed in uLMS tissues compared to adjacent myometrium. BRD9 expression is also upregulated in uLMS cell lines compared to benign uterine fibroid and myometrium cell lines. Inhibition of BRD9 using the specific inhibitor (TP-472) suppressed uLMS cell proliferation via inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To further characterize the mechanistic basis for TP-472 inhibition of uLMS cell growth, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of vehicle-treated and TP-472-treated uLMS cells (n = 4 each). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TP-472 treatment distinctly altered the uLMS cell transcriptome. Gene set enrichment analysis identified critical pathways altered by BRD9 inhibition, including interferon-alpha response, KRAS signaling, MYC targets, TNF-a signaling via NFkB, and MTORC1 signaling. Parsimonious gene correlation network analysis identified nine enriched modules, including cell cycle and apoptosis modules. Moreover, the ENCODE Histone Modifications gene set and TargetScan microRNA analysis in Enrichr suggested that TP-472-induced BRD9 inhibition may alter the uLMS cell transcriptome by reprograming the oncogenic epigenome and inducing miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Therefore, BRD9 constitutes a specific vulnerability in malignant uLMS, and targeting non-BET BRD proteins in uLMS may provide a promising and novel strategy for treating patients with this aggressive uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ali Falahati
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran; (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Azad Khosh
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran; (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Ricardo R. Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Hiba Siblini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
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Chandramouly G. Gadd45 in DNA Demethylation and DNA Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:55-67. [PMID: 35505162 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (Gadd45) family genes, Gadd45A, Gadd45B, and GADD45 G are implicated as stress sensors that are rapidly induced upon genotoxic/physiological stress. They are involved in regulation of various cellular functions such as DNA repair, senescence, and cell cycle control. Gadd45 family of genes serve as tumor suppressors in response to different stimuli and defects in Gadd45 pathway can give rise to oncogenesis. More recently, Gadd45 has been shown to promote gene activation by demethylation and this function is important for transcriptional regulation and differentiation during development. Gadd45 serves as an adaptor for DNA repair factors to promote removal of 5-methylcytosine from DNA at gene specific loci. Therefore, Gadd45 serves as a powerful link between DNA repair and epigenetic gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurushankar Chandramouly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Humayun A, Fornace AJ. GADD45 in Stress Signaling, Cell Cycle Control, and Apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:1-22. [PMID: 35505159 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 is a gene family consisting of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Many of these roles are carried out via signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The GADD45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction, as well as suppression of p38 activity in certain cases. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell type specific differences in the roles for GADD45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, GADD45A has also been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, GADD45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors. More recently, aberrant GADD45 expression has been found in several human cancers, but the mechanisms behind these findings largely remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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12
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Patel K, Murray MG, Whelan KA. Roles for GADD45 in Development and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g have been implicated in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, innate immunity, genomic stability, and more recently in senescence. Evidence has accumulated that Gadd45a deficiency results in escape of mouse embryo fibroblasts from senescence, whereas Gadd45b deficiency promotes premature senescence and skin aging. Moreover, recently Gadd45b deficiency was found to promote senescence and attenuate liver fibrosis, whereas Gadd45a was observed to exert a protective effect against hepatic fibrosis. These findings indicate that the Gadd45 stress response proteins play important roles in modulating cellular responses to senescence. Thus, exploring how Gadd45 proteins modulate cellular senescence has the potential to provide new and innovative tools to treat cancer as well as liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Ehmsen JT, Kawaguchi R, Kaval D, Johnson AE, Nachun D, Coppola G, Höke A. GADD45A is a protective modifier of neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149381. [PMID: 34128833 PMCID: PMC8410074 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with nerve injury and in denervating diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aside from prompt restoration of innervation and exercise where feasible, there are currently no effective strategies for maintaining skeletal muscle mass in the setting of denervation. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of gene expression changes occurring in atrophying skeletal muscle and identified growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible A (Gadd45a) as a gene that shows one of the earliest and most sustained increases in expression in skeletal muscle after denervation. We evaluated the role of this induction using genetic mouse models and found that mice lacking GADD45A showed accelerated and exacerbated neurogenic muscle atrophy, as well as loss of fiber type identity. Our genetic analyses demonstrate that, rather than directly contributing to muscle atrophy as proposed in earlier studies, GADD45A induction likely represents a protective negative feedback response to denervation. Establishing the downstream effectors that mediate this protective effect and the pathways they participate in may yield new opportunities to modify the course of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Ehmsen
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Damlanur Kaval
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna E Johnson
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Chen A, Xu J, Lai H, D'Agati VD, Guan TJ, Badal S, Liles J, He JC, Lee K. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 mitigates the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:430-441. [PMID: 33097961 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. Among the HIV-related kidney diseases, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a rapidly progressive renal disease characterized by collapsing focal glomerulosclerosis (GS), microcystic tubular dilation, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Although the incidence of end-stage renal disease due to HIVAN has dramatically decreased with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of CKD continues to increase in HIV-positive individuals. Recent studies have highlighted the role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in driving kidney disease progression through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and selective ASK-1 inhibitor GS-444217 was recently shown to reduce kidney injury and disease progression in various experimental models. Therefore we examined the efficacy of ASK1 antagonism by GS-444217 in the attenuation of HIVAN in Tg26 mice. METHODS GS-444217-supplemented rodent chow was administered in Tg26 mice at 4 weeks of age when mild GS and proteinuria were already established. After 6 weeks of treatment, the kidney function assessment and histological analyses were performed and compared between age- and gender-matched control Tg26 and GS-444217-treated Tg26 mice. RESULTS GS-444217 attenuated the development of GS, podocyte loss, tubular injury, interstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis in Tg26 mice. These improvements were accompanied by a marked reduction in albuminuria and improved renal function. Taken together, GS-4442217 attenuated the full spectrum of HIVAN pathology in Tg26 mice. CONCLUSIONS ASK1 signaling cascade is central to the development of HIVAN in Tg26 mice. Our results suggest that the select inhibition of ASK1 could be a potential adjunctive therapy for the treatment of HIVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Han Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Tian-Jun Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - John Liles
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - John C He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Kidney Center at James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Phf6-null hematopoietic stem cells have enhanced self-renewal capacity and oncogenic potentials. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2355-2367. [PMID: 31395598 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant homeodomain finger gene 6 (PHF6) encodes a 365-amino-acid protein containing 2 plant homology domain fingers. Germline mutations of human PHF6 cause Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder. Loss-of-function mutations of PHF6 are detected in patients with acute leukemia, mainly of T-cell lineage and in a small proportion of myeloid lineage. The functions of PHF6 in physiological hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis remain incompletely defined. To address this question, we generated a conditional Phf6 knockout mouse model and investigated the impact of Phf6 loss on the hematopoietic system. We found that Phf6 knockout mice at 8 weeks of age had reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood compared with the wild-type littermates. There were decreased granulocyte-monocytic progenitors but increased Lin-c-Kit+Sca-1+ cells in the marrow of young Phf6 knockout mice. Functional studies, including competitive repopulation unit and serial transplantation assays, revealed an enhanced reconstitution and self-renewal capacity in Phf6 knockout hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Aged Phf6 knockout mice had myelodysplasia-like presentations, including decreased platelet counts, megakaryocyte dysplasia, and enlarged spleen related to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Moreover, we found that Phf6 loss lowered the threshold of NOTCH1-induced leukemic transformation at least partially through increased leukemia-initiating cells. Transcriptome analysis on the restrictive rare HSC subpopulations revealed upregulated cell cycling and oncogenic functions, with alteration of key gene expression in those pathways. In summary, our studies show the in vivo crucial roles of Phf6 in physiological and malignant hematopoiesis.
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17
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Yang X, Chen X, Xia C, Li S, Zhu L, Xu C. Comparative analysis of the expression profiles of genes related to the Gadd45α signaling pathway in four kinds of liver diseases. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:949-960. [PMID: 32298459 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gadd45α (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha) is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful conditions that lead to growth arrest and treatment with agents that lead to DNA damage. Gadd45α is upregulated in liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatic cancer (HC), acute liver failure (AHF) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Here, we investigated the essential differences in the Gadd45α signaling pathway in these diseases at the transcriptional level. The results showed that 44, 46, 71 and 27 genes significant changes in these diseases, and the H-cluster showed that the expression of the Gadd45α signaling-related genes was significantly different in the four liver diseases. DAVID functional analysis showed that the Gadd45α signaling pathway-related genes were mainly involved in cell adhesion and migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress and inflammatory responses, etc. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software was used to predict the functions of the Gadd45α signaling-related genes, and the results indicated that there were significant changes in cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis. Gadd45α signaling pathway is involved in four kinds of liver disease and regulates a variety of activities via P38 MAPK, NF-κB, mTOR/STAT3, P21, PCNA, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways. Modulation of Gadd45α may be exploited to prevent the progression of liver disease, and to identify specific treatments for different stages of liver disease. In summary, the Gadd45α signaling pathway is involved in four kinds of liver disease and regulates a variety of physiological activities through various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuelin Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Cong Xia
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuaihong Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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18
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Regulation of cancer cell signaling pathways as key events for therapeutic relevance of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Javaid N, Choi S. Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32012718 PMCID: PMC7072551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
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20
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Han N, Yuan F, Xian P, Liu N, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Yao K, Yuan G. GADD45a Mediated Cell Cycle Inhibition Is Regulated By P53 In Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7591-7599. [PMID: 31571910 PMCID: PMC6754676 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the genitourinary system, yet the underlying mechanism of BC progression still remains unclear. Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45a) is a repressive gene implicated in cell cycle regulation, as well as in human cancers development. However, its role in BC remains to be determined. Methods First, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assays were used to detect GADD45a expression in BC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues, as well as in bladder cancer cell lines, respectively. Then, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry assays were used to measure the ability of cell growth, proliferation and cell cycle distribution. Lentiviral infection technology was used to increase gene expression, while siRNA interfering technology was used to knockdown gene expression. Finally, nude mice were used to construct tumor-burdened models in vivo by injecting tumor cells subcutaneously. Results PCR results showed that the level of GADD45a mRNA and protein levels were lower in BC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. After increasing GADD45a expression, both the ability of growth and proliferation of BC cells were seriously impaired. Additionally, the upregulation of GADD45a expression resulted in BC cell cycle in G2/M and S phases in a p53-regulated pathway. Conclusion GADD45a-mediated cell cycle inhibition is regulated by p53 in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Han
- Health Examination and Oncology Screening Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang 618000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Health Examination and Oncology Screening Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangjun Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
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21
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Tamamori-Adachi M, Koga A, Susa T, Fujii H, Tsuchiya M, Okinaga H, Hisaki H, Iizuka M, Kitajima S, Okazaki T. DNA damage response induced by Etoposide promotes steroidogenesis via GADD45A in cultured adrenal cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9636. [PMID: 29941883 PMCID: PMC6018231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid production is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in the adrenal cortex, but the changes in steroidogenesis associated with aging are unknown. In this study, we show that cell-autonomous steroidogenesis is induced by non-ACTH- mediated genotoxic stress in human adrenocortical H295R cells. Low-dose etoposide (EP) was used to induce DNA damage as a genotoxic stress, leading to cellular senescence. We found that steroidogenesis was promoted in cells stained with γH2AX, a marker of DNA damaged cells. Among stress-associated and p53-inducible genes, the expression of GADD45A and steroidogenesis-related genes was significantly upregulated. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that GADD45A accumulated in the nuclei. Metabolite assay using cultured media showed that EP-treated cells were induced to produce and secrete considerable amounts of glucocorticoid. Knockdown of GADD45A using small interfering RNA markedly inhibited the EP-induced upregulation of steroidogenesis-related gene expression, and glucocorticoid production. A p38MAPK inhibitor, but not a PKA inhibitor, suppressed EP-stimulated steroidogenesis. These results suggest that DNA damage itself promotes steroidogenesis via one or more unprecedented non-ACTH-mediated pathway. Specifically, GADD45A plays a crucial role in the steroidogenic processes triggered by EP-stimulated genotoxic stress. Our study sheds new light on an alternate mechanism of steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tamamori-Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Akane Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masao Tsuchiya
- Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Harumi Hisaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iizuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Kitajima
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8605, Japan
| | - Tomoki Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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22
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Pérez S, Rius-Pérez S, Tormos AM, Finamor I, Nebreda ÁR, Taléns-Visconti R, Sastre J. Age-dependent regulation of antioxidant genes by p38α MAPK in the liver. Redox Biol 2018; 16:276-284. [PMID: 29567616 PMCID: PMC5952885 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p38α is a redox sensitive MAPK activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental, genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stresses. The aim of this work was to assess whether p38α controls the antioxidant defense in the liver, and if so, to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved and the age-related changes. For this purpose, we used liver-specific p38α-deficient mice at two different ages: young-mice (4 months-old) and old-mice (24 months-old). The liver of young p38α knock-out mice exhibited a decrease in GSH levels and an increase in GSSG/GSH ratio and malondialdehyde levels. However, old mice deficient in p38α had higher hepatic GSH levels and lower GSSG/GSH ratio than young p38α knock-out mice. Liver-specific p38α deficiency triggered a dramatic down-regulation of the mRNAs of the key antioxidant enzymes glutamate cysteine ligase, superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and catalase in young mice, which seems mediated by the lack of p65 recruitment to their promoters. Nrf-2 nuclear levels did not change significantly in the liver of young mice upon p38α deficiency, but nuclear levels of phospho-p65 and PGC-1α decreased in these mice. p38α-dependent activation of NF-κB seems to occur through classical IκB Kinase and via ribosomal S6 kinase1 and AKT in young mice. However, unexpectedly the long-term deficiency in p38α triggers a compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes via NF-κB activation and recruitment of p65 to their promoters. In conclusion, p38α MAPK maintains the expression of antioxidant genes in liver of young animals via NF-κΒ under basal conditions, whereas its long-term deficiency triggers compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes through NF-κΒ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Ana M Tormos
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Isabela Finamor
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Ángel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Taléns-Visconti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Spain.
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23
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Gadd45b deficiency promotes premature senescence and skin aging. Oncotarget 2017; 7:26935-48. [PMID: 27105496 PMCID: PMC5053623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The GADD45 family of proteins functions as stress sensors in response to various physiological and environmental stressors. Here we show that primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from Gadd45b null mice proliferate slowly, accumulate increased levels of DNA damage, and senesce prematurely. The impaired proliferation and increased senescence in Gadd45b null MEFs is partially reversed by culturing at physiological oxygen levels, indicating that Gadd45b deficiency leads to decreased ability to cope with oxidative stress. Interestingly, Gadd45b null MEFs arrest at the G2/M phase of cell cycle, in contrast to other senescent MEFs, which arrest at G1. FACS analysis of phospho-histone H3 staining showed that Gadd45b null MEFs are arrested in G2 phase rather than M phase. H2O2 and UV irradiation, known to increase oxidative stress, also triggered increased senescence in Gadd45b null MEFs compared to wild type MEFs. In vivo evidence for increased senescence in Gadd45b null mice includes the observation that embryos from Gadd45b null mice exhibit increased senescence staining compared to wild type embryos. Furthermore, it is shown that Gadd45b deficiency promotes senescence and aging phenotypes in mouse skin. Together, these results highlight a novel role for Gadd45b in stress-induced senescence and in tissue aging.
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24
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Jung H, Chae YC, Kim JY, Jeong OS, Kook H, Seo SB. Regulatory role of G9a and LSD1 in the Transcription of Olfactory Receptors during Leukaemia Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46182. [PMID: 28387360 PMCID: PMC5384044 DOI: 10.1038/srep46182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the ectopic expression of olfactory receptors (ORs) in non-olfactory tissues, however, their physiological roles were not well elucidated. ORs are expressed in and function in different types of cancers. Here, we identified that the H3K9me2 levels of several OR promoters decreased during differentiation in the HL-60, human myeloid leukaemia cell line, by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). We found that the differential OR promoters H3K9me2 levels were regulated by G9a and LSD1, resulting in the decrease of ORs transcription during HL-60 differentiation. G9a and LSD1 could regulate the expression of ORs in several non-olfactory cells via the methylation and demethylation of H3K9me2. In addition, we demonstrated that knockdown of OR significantly reduced cell proliferation. Therefore, the epigenetic regulation of ORs transcription is critical for carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Chae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Seok Jeong
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kook
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukaemia and Cancer, Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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25
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Huth HW, Santos DM, Gravina HD, Resende JM, Goes AM, de Lima ME, Ropert C. Upregulation of p38 pathway accelerates proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2497-2505. [PMID: 28260101 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells capture the signaling pathways used by normal tissue to promote their own survival and dissemination and among them, the NF-κB and MAPK pathways (ERK, JNK and p38). MAPK activation has ambiguous effects on tumor cell fate depending on cell type, cancer stage and the engaged MAPK isoforms. A synthetic peptide named LyeTx II, derived from the venom of the Brazilian spider Lycosa erythrognatha, was capable of increasing MDA-MB-231 aggressive breast cancer cell proliferation as indicated by MTT and BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation assay and cell migration. A correlation has been established between the accelerated proliferation and migration observed in the presence of LyeTx II and the upregulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The use of the selective inhibitor of p38α/β (SB203580) abrogated the peptide effect in MDA-MB-231 cells. Besides, an augment of the canonical NF-κB pathway activation considered as crucial in cancer progression was noted after cell incubation with LyeTx II. Importantly, activation of p38 and NF-κB pathways was dependent on TAK1 activity. Together, these data suggest that TAK1-p38 pathway may represent an interesting target for treatment of aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo W Huth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Humberto D Gravina
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Jarbas M Resende
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Alfredo M Goes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Catherine Ropert
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-910, Brazil
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Neganova I, Chichagova V, Armstrong L, Lako M. A critical role for p38MAPK signalling pathway during reprogramming of human fibroblasts to iPSCs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41693. [PMID: 28155868 PMCID: PMC5290526 DOI: 10.1038/srep41693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds enormous promise for regenerative medicine. Reprogramming is a stepwise process with well-defined stages of initiation, maturation and stabilisation which are critically dependent on interactions between key pluripotency transcription factors, epigenetic regulators and signalling pathways. In this manuscript we have investigated the role of p38 MAPK signalling pathway and have shown a subpopulation- and phase-specific pattern of activation occurring during the initiation and maturation stage of reprogramming in partially and fully reprogrammed cells respectively. Downregulation of p38 MAPK activity via RNA interference or small molecule inhibitor led to cell accumulation in G1 phase of the cell cycle and reduced expression of cell cycle regulators during the initiation stage of reprogramming. This was associated with a significant downregulation of key pluripotency marker expression, disruption of mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), increased expression of differentiation markers and presence of partially reprogrammed cells which retained a typical gene expression profile of mesendodermal cells and were unable to progress to fully reprogrammed phenotype. Together our data indicate an important role for p38 MAPK activity in proliferation, MET progression and establishment of pluripotent phenotype, which are necessary steps for the development of human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Neganova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Valeria Chichagova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, NE1 3BZ, UK
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Neault M, Couteau F, Bonneau É, De Guire V, Mallette FA. Molecular Regulation of Cellular Senescence by MicroRNAs: Implications in Cancer and Age-Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 334:27-98. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Park SH, Seong MA, Lee HY. p38 MAPK-induced MDM2 degradation confers paclitaxel resistance through p53-mediated regulation of EGFR in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8184-99. [PMID: 26799187 PMCID: PMC4884985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of drug resistance limits the utility of PTX. This study determined the signaling pathway that contributes to PTX resistance. We first established PTX resistant cell lines (H460/R and 226B/R) using a dose-escalating maintenance of PTX. We found that p38 MAPK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were constitutively activated in these cell lines. The inhibition of p38 MAPK activity by SB203580 treatment or the transfection of dominant-negative p38 MAPK sensitized both cell lines to PTX treatment. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, also increased PTX-induced apoptosis in PTX resistant cells, which suggests a role for p38 MAPK and EGFR in the development of PTX resistance. We demonstrated that p38 MAPK enhanced EGFR expression via the induction of the rapid degradation of mouse double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and the consequent stabilization of p53, a transcription factor of EGFR. These results suggest for the first time that the p38 MAPK/p53/EGFR axis is crucial for the facilitation of PTX resistance in NSCLCs. We also propose a mechanism for the role of the tumor-suppressor p53 in drug resistance. These results provide a foundation for the future development of potential therapeutic strategies to regulate the p38 MAPK/p53/EGFR pathway for the treatment of lung cancer patients with PTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-A Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Yang P, Wen H, Zhong T, Hu H, Zhu B, Xia K, Xu M, Bian M. GADD45α is involved in the apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by riboflavin and ultraviolet light. Transfusion 2016; 57:646-656. [PMID: 27905125 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin plus ultraviolet (UV) pathogen reduction technology (RF-PRT) is an effective method for inactivating the residual white blood cells (WBCs) in blood components. The RF-PRT system for platelets is known to activate many signaling pathways, including p38 and NF-κB. Nevertheless, proteomic studies in WBCs after riboflavin plus UV treatment requires further analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ABO/D-matched lymphocytes were pooled, split, and treated with RF-PRT or UV light or left untreated. After treatment, cell apoptosis was measured. In addition, cell proliferation and the cycle distribution were evaluated upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The changes in the protein expression levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD)45α, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were determined by Western blotting. The effect of GADD45α, p38, and JNK on apoptosis was assessed. RESULTS RF-PRT significantly inhibited proliferation and induced G1 arrest in lymphocytes. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in RF-PRT-treated lymphocytes compared to UV-treated cells or untreated cells, associated with the up regulation of GADD45α expression. Consistent with these observations, the inhibition of GADD45α expression partially counteracted the effects of riboflavin plus UV treatment. The p38 and JNK signaling pathways were activated by GADD45α in RF-PRT-treated lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed that RF-PRT effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by promoting GADD45α expression, which subsequently activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huiqin Wen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bangqiang Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Maohong Bian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
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Ng CYP, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Hormetic effect induced by depleted uranium in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:184-191. [PMID: 27060238 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied the hormetic effect induced by uranium (U) in embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using apoptosis as the biological endpoint. Hormetic effect is characterized by biphasic dose-response relationships showing a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. Embryos were dechorionated at 4h post fertilization (hpf), and were then exposed to 10 or 100μg/l depleted uranium (DU) in uranyl acetate solutions from 5 to 6 hpf. For exposures to 10μg/l DU, the amounts of apoptotic signals in the embryos were significantly increased at 20 hpf but were significantly decreased at 24 hpf, which demonstrated the presence of U-induced hormesis. For exposures to 100μg/l DU, the amounts of apoptotic signals in the embryos were significantly increased at 20, 24 and 30 hpf. Hormetic effect was not shown but its occurrence between 30 and 48 hpf could not be ruled out. In conclusion, hormetic effect could be induced in zebrafish embryos in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y P Ng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S H Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - K N Yu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Acevedo M, Vernier M, Mignacca L, Lessard F, Huot G, Moiseeva O, Bourdeau V, Ferbeyre G. A CDK4/6-Dependent Epigenetic Mechanism Protects Cancer Cells from PML-induced Senescence. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3252-64. [PMID: 27206849 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) plays a tumor suppressive role by inducing cellular senescence in response to oncogenic stress. However, tumor cell lines fail to engage in complete senescence upon PML activation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance to PML-induced senescence. Here, we report that activation of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 are essential and sufficient to impair senescence induced by PML expression. Disrupting CDK function by RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition restored senescence in tumor cells and diminished their tumorigenic potential in mouse xenograft models. Complete senescence correlated with an increase in autophagy, repression of E2F target genes, and an gene expression signature of blocked DNA methylation. Accordingly, treatment of tumor cells with inhibitors of DNA methylation reversed resistance to PML-induced senescence. Further, CDK inhibition with palbociclib promoted autophagy-dependent degradation of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1. Lastly, we found that CDK4 interacted with and phosphorylated DNMT1 in vitro, suggesting that CDK activity is required for its stabilization. Taken together, our findings highlight a potentially valuable feature of CDK4/6 inhibitors as epigenetic modulators to facilitate activation of senescence programs in tumor cells. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3252-64. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Acevedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Vernier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lian Mignacca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Huot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olga Moiseeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Garcia-Rodriguez L, Jones L, Chen KM, Datta I, Divine G, Worsham MJ. Causal network analysis of head and neck keloid tissue identifies potential master regulators. Laryngoscope 2016; 126:E319-24. [PMID: 26990118 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To generate novel insights and hypotheses in keloid development from potential master regulators. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. METHODS Six fresh keloid and six normal skin samples from 12 anonymous donors were used in a prospective cohort study. Genome-wide profiling was done previously on the cohort using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA). The 190 statistically significant CpG islands between keloid and normal tissue mapped to 152 genes (P < .05). The top 10 statistically significant genes (VAMP5, ACTR3C, GALNT3, KCNAB2, LRRC61, SCML4, SYNGR1, TNS1, PLEKHG5, PPP1R13-α, false discovery rate <.015) were uploaded into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software's Causal Network Analysis (QIAGEN, Redwood City, CA). To reflect expected gene expression direction in the context of methylation changes, the inverse of the methylation ratio from keloid versus normal tissue was used for the analysis. Causal Network Analysis identified disease-specific master regulator molecules based on downstream differentially expressed keloid-specific genes and expected directionality of expression (hypermethylated vs. hypomethylated). RESULTS Causal Network Analysis software identified four hierarchical networks that included four master regulators (pyroxamide, tributyrin, PRKG2, and PENK) and 19 intermediate regulators. CONCLUSIONS Causal Network Analysis of differentiated methylated gene data of keloid versus normal skin demonstrated four causal networks with four master regulators. These hierarchical networks suggest potential driver roles for their downstream keloid gene targets in the pathogenesis of the keloid phenotype, likely triggered due to perturbation/injury to normal tissue. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 126:E319-E324, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia-Rodriguez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Lamont Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
| | - Kang Mei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - George Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Maria J Worsham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
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Liang Z, Liu R, Zhang H, Zhang S, Hu X, Tan J, Liang C, Qiao W. GADD45 proteins inhibit HIV-1 replication through specific suppression of HIV-1 transcription. Virology 2016; 493:1-11. [PMID: 26994425 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 proteins are a group of stress-induced proteins and participate in various cellular pathways including cell cycle regulation, cell survival and death, DNA repair and demethylation. It was recently shown that HIV-1 infection induces the expression of GADD45 proteins. However, the effect of GADD45 on HIV-1 replication has not been studied. Here, we report that overexpression of GADD45 proteins reduces HIV-1 production through suppressing transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter. This inhibitory effect is specific to HIV-1, since GADD45 proteins neither inhibit the LTR promoters from other retroviruses nor reduce the production of these viruses. Knockdown of endogenous GADD45 modestly activates HIV-1 in the J-Lat A72 latency cell line, which suggests GADD45 proteins might play a role in maintaining HIV-1 latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ruikang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Suzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada.
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Hong L, Sun QF, Xu TY, Wu YH, Zhang H, Fu RQ, Cai FJ, Zhou QQ, Zhou K, Du QW, Zhang D, Xu S, Ding JG. New role and molecular mechanism of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2779-2788. [PMID: 26973416 PMCID: PMC4778000 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway.
METHODS: Wild-type male BALB/c mice were treated with CCl4 to induce a model of chronic liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from the liver of BALB/c mice and were treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting Gadd45a or the pcDNA3.1-Gadd45a recombinant plasmid. Cellular α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), β-actin, type I collagen, phospho-Smad2, phospho-Smad3, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were detected by Western blots. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, β-actin, and type I collagen were determined by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analyses. Reactive oxygen species production was monitored by flow cytometry using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Gadd45a, Gadd45b, anti-Gadd45g, type I collagen, and SMA local expression in liver tissue were measured by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Significant downregulation of Gadd45a, but not Gadd45b or Gadd45g, accompanied by activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways was detected in fibrotic liver tissues of mice and isolated HSCs with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 treatment. Overexpression of Gadd45a reduced the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and α-SMA in HSCs, whereas transient knockdown of Gadd45a with siRNA reversed this process. Gadd45a inhibited the activity of a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter construct and (CAGA)9 MLP-Luc, an artificial Smad3/4-specific reporter, as well as reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. Gadd45a showed protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species and upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Gadd45a may counteract hepatic fibrosis by regulating the activation of HSCs via the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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Sleeping Beauty transposon screen identifies signaling modules that cooperate with STAT5 activation to induce B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncogene 2015; 35:3454-64. [PMID: 26500062 PMCID: PMC4846597 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) activation occurs frequently in human progenitor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). To identify gene alterations that cooperate with STAT5 activation to initiate leukemia, we crossed mice expressing a constitutively active form of STAT5 (Stat5b-CA) with mice in which a mutagenic Sleeping Beauty transposon (T2/Onc) was mobilized only in B cells. Stat5b-CA mice typically do not develop B-ALL (<2% penetrance); in contrast, 89% of Stat5b-CA mice in which the T2/Onc transposon had been mobilized died of B-ALL by 3 months of age. High-throughput sequencing approaches were used to identify genes frequently targeted by the T2/Onc transposon; these included Sos1 (74%), Kdm2a (35%), Jak1 (26%), Bmi1 (19%), Prdm14 or Ncoa2 (13%), Cdkn2a (10%), Ikzf1 (8%), Caap1 (6%) and Klf3 (6%). Collectively, these mutations target three major cellular processes: (i) the Janus kinase/STAT5 pathway (ii) progenitor B-cell differentiation and (iii) the CDKN2A tumor-suppressor pathway. Transposon insertions typically resulted in altered expression of these genes, as well as downstream pathways including STAT5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and p38. Importantly, expression of Sos1 and Kdm2a, and activation of p38, correlated with survival, further underscoring the role these genes and associated pathways have in B-ALL.
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Selective inhibition of the p38 alternative activation pathway in infiltrating T cells inhibits pancreatic cancer progression. Nat Med 2015; 21:1337-43. [PMID: 26479921 PMCID: PMC4636461 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm characterized by a marked fibro-inflammatory microenvironment1, the presence of which can promote both cancer induction and growth2–4. Therefore, selective manipulation of local cytokines is an attractive if unrealized therapeutic approach. T cells possess a unique mechanism of activation of p38 MAPK downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement by phosphorylation of Tyr-323 (pY323). This alternative p38 activation pathway is required for pro-inflammatory cytokine production5,6. Here we show in human PDAC that a high percentage of infiltrating pY323+ T cells was associated with large numbers of TNFα and IL-17-producing CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and aggressive disease. The growth of murine pancreatic tumors was inhibited by genetic ablation of the alternative p38 pathway, and transfer of wild type CD4+ T cells but not those lacking the alternative pathway enhanced tumor growth in T cell-deficient mice. Strikingly, a plasma membrane-permeable peptide derived from Gadd45α, the naturally-occurring inhibitor of p38 pY323+ (ref. 7), reduced CD4+ TIL production of TNFα, IL-17A, IL-10, and secondary cytokines, halted growth of implanted tumors, and inhibited progression of spontaneous K-ras-driven adenocarcinoma in mice. Thus, TCR-mediated activation of CD4+ TIL results in alternative p38 activation and production of pro-tumorigenic factors, and can be targeted for therapeutic benefit.
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Lucas A, Mialet-Perez J, Daviaud D, Parini A, Marber MS, Sicard P. Gadd45γ regulates cardiomyocyte death and post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:254-67. [PMID: 26370247 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Post-infarction remodelling is accompanied and influenced by perturbations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) proteins are small acidic proteins involved in DNA repair and modulation of MAPK activity. Little is known about the role of Gadd45 in the heart. Here, we explored the potential contribution of Gadd45 gamma (γ) isoform to the acute and late phase of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) and determined the mechanisms underlying Gadd45γ actions. METHODS AND RESULTS The Gadd45γ isoform is up-regulated in murine cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated ischaemia and in the mouse heart during MI. To mimic the situation observed during MI, we enhanced Gadd45γ content in cardiomyocytes with a single injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV9) vector encoding Gadd45γ under the cTNT promoter. Gadd45γ overexpression induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, left ventricular dysfunction, and HF. On the other hand, genetic deletion of Gadd45γ in knockout mice confers resistance to ischaemic injury, at least in part by limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Gadd45γ activates receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and caspase-8 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner to promote cardiomyocyte death. CONCLUSION This work is the first to demonstrate that Gadd45γ accumulation during MI promotes the development and persistence of HF by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. We clearly identify Gadd45γ as a therapeutic target in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lucas
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Danièle Daviaud
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael S Marber
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pierre Sicard
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31432 Toulouse, France University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
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Tang Y, Liu L, Sheng M, Xiong K, Huang L, Gao Q, Wei J, Wu T, Yang S, Liu H, Mu Y, Li K. Wip1 knockout inhibits the proliferation and enhances the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:310-22. [PMID: 25839408 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a unique population of multipotent adult progenitor cells originally found in bone marrow (BM), are extremely useful for multifunctional therapeutic approaches. However, the growth arrest and premature senescence of MSCs in vitro prevent the in-depth characterization of these cells. In addition, the regulatory factors involved in MSCs migration remain largely unknown. Given that protein phosphorylation is associated with the processes of MSCs proliferation and migration, we focused on wild-type p53-inducible phosphatase-1 (Wip1), a well-studied modulator of phosphorylation, in this study. Our results showed that Wip1 knockout significantly inhibited MSCs proliferation and induced G2-phase cell-cycle arrest by reducing cyclinB1 expression. Compared with WT-MSCs, Wip1(-/-) MSCs displayed premature growth arrest after six passages in culture. Transwell and scratch assays revealed that Wip1(-/-) MSCs migrate more effectively than WT-MSCs. Moreover, the enhanced migratory response of Wip1(-/-) MSCs may be attributed to increases in the induction of Rac1-GTP activity, the pAKT/AKT ratio, the rearrangement of filamentous-actin (f-actin), and filopodia formation. Based on these results, we then examined the effect of treatment with a PI3K/AKT and Rac1 inhibitor, both of which impaired the migratory activity of MSCs. Therefore, we propose that the PI3K/AKT/Rac1 signaling axis mediates the Wip1 knockout-induced migration of MSCs. Our findings indicate that the principal function of Wip1 in MSCs transformation is the maintenance of proliferative capacity. Nevertheless, knocking out Wip1 increases the migratory capacity of MSCs. This dual effect of Wip1 provides the potential for purposeful routing of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Kaur J, Kaur G. An insight into the role of citrus bioactives in modulation of colon cancer. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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40
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Hwang YJ, Lee EJ, Kim HR, Hwang KA. Molecular mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-glucoside-induced growth inhibition on human liver cancer cells: G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathways. BMB Rep 2014; 46:611-6. [PMID: 24257119 PMCID: PMC4133862 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT7G), a flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been found to increase anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as cytotoxic effects. However, the mechanism of how LUT7G induces apoptosis and regulates cell cycles remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of LUT7G on the growth inhibition of tumors, cell cycle arrest, induction of ROS generation, and the involved signaling pathway in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was decreased by LUT7G in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibition was due primarily to the G2/M phase arrest and ROS generation. Moreover, the phosphorylation of JNK was increased by LUT7G. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of LUT7G on HepG2 is associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-853, Korea
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41
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mantu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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HDAC inhibitors induce apoptosis but not cellular senescence in Gadd45α-deficient E1A+Ras cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang L, Yang Z, Liu Y. GADD45 proteins: roles in cellular senescence and tumor development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:773-778. [PMID: 24872428 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214531879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) family genes regulate DNA repair, cell cycle, cell survival, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA demethylation in the cells under various stress stimuli, such as oxidative stress, UV radiation, and oncogenic stress. Recent studies have provided important insights regarding how different oncogenic stresses activate GADD45 signaling pathway and lead to disparate influences on tumor initiation. In this review, we discuss the deregulation and cellular function of GADD45 proteins in the context of cancer development. We also highlight recent advances in exploring the tumor suppressive function of GADD45 proteins-triggered cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
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Xu Y, Li N, Xiang R, Sun P. Emerging roles of the p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in oncogene-induced senescence. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:268-76. [PMID: 24818748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a tumor-suppressing response that must be disrupted for cancer to develop. Mechanistic insights into OIS have begun to emerge. Activation of the p53/p21(WAF1) and/or p16(INK4A) tumor-suppressor pathways is essential for OIS. Moreover, the DNA damage response, chromatin remodeling, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are important for the initiation and maintenance of OIS. This review discusses recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms of OIS, focusing on the roles of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/cellular homolog of murine thymoma virus AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. These studies indicate that OIS is mediated by an intricate signaling network. Further delineation of this network may lead to development of new cancer therapies targeting OIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300071; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Na Li
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300071
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, China, 300071
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Salvador JM, Brown-Clay JD, Fornace AJ. Gadd45 in stress signaling, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 793:1-19. [PMID: 24104470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The first identified Gadd45 gene, Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. This protein and the other two members of this small gene family, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in a variety of the responses to cell injury including cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In vivo, many of the prominent roles for the Gadd45 proteins are associated with signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Gadd45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell-type-specific differences in the roles for Gadd45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, Gadd45a has been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, Gadd45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, (CNB-CSIC) Lab 417, c/Darwin n 3, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Sun Y, Tang S, Jin X, Zhang C, Zhao W, Xiao X. Opposite effects of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways on furazolidone-stimulated S phase cell cycle arrest of human hepatoblastoma cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:24-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Ishida K, Yuge Y, Hanaoka M, Yasukawa M, Minami Y, Ogawa M, Masumoto KH, Shigeyoshi Y, Saito M, Tsuji T. Gadd45gregulates dental epithelial cell proliferation through p38 MAPK-mediatedp21expression. Genes Cells 2013; 18:660-71. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ishida
- Research Institute for Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba; 278-8510; Japan
| | - Yohei Yuge
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba; 278-8510; Japan
| | - Mai Hanaoka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba; 278-8510; Japan
| | - Masato Yasukawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba; 278-8510; Japan
| | - Yoko Minami
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba; 278-8510; Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Organ Technologies Inc.; Tokyo; 101-0048; Japan
| | - Ko-hei Masumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kiniki University Faculty of Medicine; Osaka; 589-8511; Japan
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kiniki University Faculty of Medicine; Osaka; 589-8511; Japan
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The synthetic flavonoid WYC02-9 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through ROS-mediated activation of MAPK14 pathway. Life Sci 2013; 92:1081-92. [PMID: 23624232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explored the anti-cancer activity of WYC02-9, a synthetic protoapigenone, on human HCT116 CRC cells. MAIN METHODS The anti-cancer activity of WYC02-9 and its underlying mechanisms were analyzed using XTT cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, FACS analysis, annexin V staining, immunoblotting analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assays, soft agar assays, a nude mice xenograft study and immunohistochemistry assays. KEY FINDINGS Data showed that WYC02-9 suppressed CRC cell growth by arresting cells at G2/M and inducing cell death via apoptotic pathways. Further analysis demonstrated that WYC02-9-induced apoptosis was mediated by the activation of a ROS-mediated MAPK14 pathway. An in vivo xenograft study revealed that WYC02-9 enhanced MAP2K3/6 and MAPK14 phosphorylation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed CRC tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE WYC02-9 exerts its anti-tumor effect via ROS/MAPK14-induced apoptosis and has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for CRC.
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49
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Lee ACL, Hsiao WC, Wright DE, Chong SY, Leow SK, Ho CT, Kao CF, Lo YC. Induction of GADD45α expression contributes to the anti-proliferative effects of polymethoxyflavones on colorectal cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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50
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p38 MAPK regulates the expression of ether à go-go potassium channel in human osteosarcoma cells. Radiol Oncol 2013; 47:42-9. [PMID: 23450231 PMCID: PMC3573833 DOI: 10.2478/v10019-012-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ether à go-go (Eag) channel has been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. However, the expression and function of Eag in osteosarcoma are poorly understood. In addition, the molecular mechanisms responsible for Eag overexpression in cancer cells remain unclear. Methods The expression of Eag in human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The effect of Eag inhibition on MG-63 cell proliferation was assessed in vitro. The effect of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated knockdown of Eag on osteosarcoma growth was evaluated in xenograft model in vivo. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and p53 in MG-63 cells was detected by Western blot analysis. Results Eag was overexpressed in MG-63 cells. Imipramine or Eag shRNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of MG-63 cells in vitro and in vivo. MG-63 cell proliferation was specifically inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or small interference RNA (siRNA). The inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 or siRNA reduced Eag protein level but increased p53 protein level. Moreover, the activation of p53 by nutlin-3 induced cell growth arrest in MG-63 cells and reduced Eag protein level, while the inactivation of p53 by pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α) promoted MG-63 cell growth and increased Eag protein expression. Conclusions Eag channel functions as an oncogene to promote the proliferation of human osteosarocma cells. Furthermore, the high expression of Eag in osteosarcoma cells is regulated by p38 MAPK/p53 pathway.
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